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• Custom prompt doesn't work on Mac's terminal

  - by mareks

  I like to use a custom prompt (current path in blue) on my unix machine: export PS1='\[\e[0;34m\]\w \$\[\e[m\] ' But when I try to use it on Mac's terminal it doesn't work: it fails to detect the end of the prompt and overwrites the prompt when I type commands. This also happens when I'm inputting a long command where it wraps over the same line instead of starting a new line. I don't understand why this is the case since I use bash on both machines. Any suggestions on how to remedy this?

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• concatenate files including path in header - path contains spaces

  - by manolo

  I have to concatenate a number of files in a directory structure which contains spaces in the folder names looking like this: ./CH 0000100014/A10/11XT/11xt#001.csv find . -name "*.csv" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 cat > allmycsv.txt does the job, however now I need to include the information contained in the path, i.e. CH 0000100014/A10/11XT as a header of each inputfile to cat. find . -name "*.csv" -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -I % sh -c 'echo %; cat %' >allmycsv.txt would do the job, if I had no spaces in the path, but in my case, cat does not get along with the space in the path name. Is there a way out? Cheers, E P.S. I am working on bash on OSX

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• Setting up Gitosis, where to create the repos?

  - by ReynierPM

  I'm trying to setup Gitosis on CentOS 6.2 but have some doubts/problems about it. I read this docs here, here and here but it's unclear to me where to configure where repositories are created. My server has a partition /data where I create a directory and called /gitrepos. I want all the repos created under that directory. By default if I run the command: gitosis-init < /home/reynierpm/reynierpm.pub I get this Initialized empty Git repository in /root/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/ Reinitialized existing Git repository in /root/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/ And I want this repos created under /data/gitrepos, any help? Thanks in advance

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• php script dies when it calls a bash script, maybe a problem of server configuration

  - by user347501

  Hi!!! I have some problems with a PHP script that calls a Bash script.... in the PHP script is uploaded a XML file, then the PHP script calls a Bash script that cut the file in portions (for example, is uploaded a XML file of 30,000 lines, so the Bash script cut the file in portions of 10,000 lines, so it will be 3 files of 10,000 each one) The file is uploaded, the Bash script cut the lines, but when the Bash script returns to the PHP script, the PHP script dies, & I dont know why... I tested the script in another server and it works fine... I dont believe that is a memory problem, maybe it is a processor problem, I dont know, I dont know what to do, what can I do??? (Im using the function shell_exec in PHP to call the Bash script) The error only happens if the XML file has more than 8,000 lines, but if the file has less then 8,000 everything is ok (this is relative, it depends of the amount of data, of strings, of letters that contains each line) what can you suggest me??? (sorry for my bad english, I have to practice a lot xD) I leave the code here PHP script (at the end, after the ?, there is html & javascript code, but it doesnt appear, only the javascript code... basically the html is only to upload the file) " . date('c') . ": $str"; $file = fopen("uploadxmltest.debug.txt","a"); fwrite($file,date('c') . ": $str\n"); fclose($file); } try{ if(is_uploaded_file($_FILES['tfile']['tmp_name'])){ debug("step 1: the file was uploaded"); $norg=date('y-m-d')."_".md5(microtime()); $nfle="testfiles/$norg.xml"; $ndir="testfiles/$norg"; $ndir2="testfiles/$norg"; if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['tfile']['tmp_name'],"$nfle")){ debug("step 2: the file was moved to the directory"); debug("memory_get_usage(): " . memory_get_usage()); debug("memory_get_usage(true): " . memory_get_usage(true)); debug("memory_get_peak_usage(): " . memory_get_peak_usage()); debug("memory_get_peak_usage(true): " . memory_get_peak_usage(true)); $shll=shell_exec("./crm_cutfile_v2.sh \"$nfle\" \"$ndir\" \"$norg\" "); debug("result: $shll"); debug("memory_get_usage(): " . memory_get_usage()); debug("memory_get_usage(true): " . memory_get_usage(true)); debug("memory_get_peak_usage(): " . memory_get_peak_usage()); debug("memory_get_peak_usage(true): " . memory_get_peak_usage(true)); debug("step 3: the file was cutted. END"); } else{ debug("ERROR: I didnt move the file"); exit(); } } else{ debug("ERROR: I didnt upload the file"); //exit(); } } catch(Exception $e){ debug("Exception: " . $e-getMessage()); exit(); } ? Test function uploadFile(){ alert("start"); if(document.test.tfile.value==""){ alert("First you have to upload a file"); } else{ document.test.submit(); } } Bash script with AWK #!/bin/bash #For single messages (one message per contact) function cutfile(){ lines=$( cat "$1" | awk 'END {print NR}' ) fline="$4"; if [ -d "$2" ]; then exsts=1 else mkdir "$2" fi cp "$1" "$2/datasource.xml" cd "$2" i=1 contfile=1 while [ $i -le $lines ] do currentline=$( cat "datasource.xml" | awk -v fl=$i 'NR==fl {print $0}' ) #creates first file if [ $i -eq 1 ]; then echo "$fline" "$3_1.txt" else #creates the rest of files when there are more than 10,000 contacts rsd=$(( ( $i - 2 ) % 10000 )) if [ $rsd -eq 0 ]; then echo "" "$3_$contfile.txt" contfile=$(( $contfile + 1 )) echo "$fline" "$3_$contfile.txt" fi fi echo "$currentline" "$3_$contfile.txt" i=$(( $i + 1 )) done echo "" "$3_$contfile.txt" return 1 } #For multiple messages (one message for all contacts) function cutfile_multi(){ return 1 } cutfile "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4" echo 1 thanks!!!!! =D

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• Bash Script - Traffic Shaping

  - by Craig-Aaron

  hey all, I was wondering if you could have a look at my script and help me add a few things to it, How do I get it to find how many active ethernet ports I have? and how do I filter more than 1 ethernet port How I get this to do a range of IP address? Once I have a few ethenet ports I need to add traffic control to each one #!/bin/bash # Name of the traffic control command. TC=/sbin/tc # The network interface we're planning on limiting bandwidth. IF=eth0 # Network card interface # Download limit (in mega bits) DNLD=10mbit # DOWNLOAD Limit # Upload limit (in mega bits) UPLD=1mbit # UPLOAD Limit # IP address range of the machine we are controlling IP=192.168.0.1 # Host IP # Filter options for limiting the intended interface. U32="$TC filter add dev $IF protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32" start() { # Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) to shape bandwidth $TC qdisc add dev $IF root handle 1: htb default 30 #Creates the root schedlar $TC class add dev $IF parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate $DNLD #Creates a child schedlar to shape download $TC class add dev $IF parent 1: classid 1:2 htb rate $UPLD #Creates a child schedlar to shape upload $U32 match ip dst $IP/24 flowid 1:1 #Filter to match the interface, limit download speed $U32 match ip src $IP/24 flowid 1:2 #Filter to match the interface, limit upload speed } stop() { # Stop the bandwidth shaping. $TC qdisc del dev $IF root } restart() { # Self-explanatory. stop sleep 1 start } show() { # Display status of traffic control status. $TC -s qdisc ls dev $IF } case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting bandwidth shaping: " start echo "done" ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping bandwidth shaping: " stop echo "done" ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting bandwidth shaping: " restart echo "done" ;; show) echo "Bandwidth shaping status for $IF:" show echo "" ;; *) pwd=$(pwd) echo "Usage: tc.bash {start|stop|restart|show}" ;; esac exit 0 thanks

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• Can not clone git repo to server

  - by Classified

  I'm running the same command on 2 different servers. One works, the other doesn't. I'm running git clone https://blah.com:8443/blah.git On server A, it works fine. I get the objects, files, etc. no problems. On server B, I get the following message. git clone https://blah.com:8443/blah.git Cloning into 'blah'... error: Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates while accessing https://blah.com:8443/blah.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack fatal: HTTP request failed Does anyone know what this means or what I need to do to get this to work? Thanks in advance for any help you can give me.

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• Git/Mercurial (hg) opinion

  - by Richard

  First, let me say I'm not a professional programmer, but an engineer who had a need for it and had to learn. I was always working alone, so it was just me and my seven splitted personalities ... and we worked okey as a team :) Most of my stuff is done in C/Fortran/Matlab and so far I've been learning git to manage it all. However, although I've had no unsolvable problems with it, I've never been "that" happy with it ... for everything I cannot do, I hae to look up a book. And, for some time now I've been hearning a lot of good stuff about hg. Now, a coleague of mine will have to work with me on a project (I almost feel sorry for him) and he's started learning hg (says he likes it more), and I'm considering the switch myself. We work almost exclusivly on Windows platform (although I manage relatively ok using unix tools and things that come from that part of the world). So, I was wondering, in a described scenario, what problems could I expect with the switch. I heard that hg is rather more user friendly towards windows users, regarding the user interfaces. How does it handle repositories ? Does it create them the same way as git does (just one subdirectory in a working directory) and can I just copy the whole project directory (including git repo) and just carry them somewhere with no extra thinking ? (I really liked that when I was choosing over git/svn). Are there any good books on it that you can recommend (something like Pro Git, only for Hg). What are good ways to implement hg into Visual Studio/GVim for Windows, or into Windows Explorer so I can work relatively easily (I would like to avoid using the command line for everything regarding it, like in git shell). Is there something else I should be aware of (please, on this don't point me to other questions ... they just give me a ton of info, and I'm not sure what is it that I should take as important, and what to disregard). I'm trying to cut some time, since I cannot spend all that time relearning hg, like I did for git. I've also heard git is c project, while mercurial is python ... is there any noticeable difference in speed. git was pretty speedy ... will I encounter some waiting while working. Notice: All my projects are of let's say, middle size ... mostly numerical simulations ... 10-15000 lines (medium size?)

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• BASH Wildcard Expansion

  - by Aaron Copley

  I'm not really sure how to phrase this, and maybe that's why I can't find any thing, but I want to reuse the values enumerated by a wildcard in a command. Is this possible? Scenario: $ ls /dir 1 2 3 Contents of /dir are directories 1, 2, and 3. $ cp /dir/*/file . Results in file being copied from /dir/1 /dir/2 and /dir/3 to here. What I would like to do is copy the files to a new destination name based on the wildcard expansion. $ cp /dir/*/file ???-file Would result in /dir/*/file being copied to 1-file, 2-file, and 3-file. What I can't figured out is the ??? portion to tell BASH I want to use the wildcard expanded values. Using the wildcard in the target nets a cp error: cp: target `*-file' is not a directory. Is there something else in bash that can be used here? The find command has {} to use with -exec which is similar to what I am looking for above.

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• Securing bash scripts

  - by minnur

  Hi There, Does anybody know what is the best way to secure bash scripts. I have a script which creates database and source code backup and ftp it to other server. And login/password for destination ftp are plain text. I need somehow encrypt it or hide it in case of website hacking. Or should i create script written on C to create bash file then run it and delete ? Thanks. Thanks for the answers and I am sorry, i wasn't clear enough. I would like to clarify my question in the following items. We are storing the data in Rackspace Cloud files. We can't pull as Cloud files doesn't allow you run a script. We can write the script to run on Server A and pull FTP and MySQL data on servers B, C, D, etc. And we want to protect the passwords on A from the situation where A is hacked. Can we compile our script file to hide them? Thanks

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• What does "warning: unable to unlink website: Operation not permitted" mean when checking out a Git

  - by James A. Rosen

  I'm trying to create a local branch that tracks a remote branch. Here's what I get: > git checkout master > git push origin origin:refs/heads/myBranch Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To [email protected]:myrepo/myproject.git * [new branch] origin/HEAD -> myBranch > git fetch origin > git checkout --track -b myBranch origin/myBranch warning: unable to unlink website: Operation not permitted Branch myBranch set up to track remote branch myBranch from origin. Switched to a new branch 'myBranch' What does "warning: unable to unlink website: Operation not permitted" mean? Did everything work fine?

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• Problems with bash script, mysql inserts and launchd

  - by Armands

  ========= I am developing a automated system, which consists of 3 parts: mysql, bash and launchd. Bash script takes folders of work related stuff, zips, archives and puts info about them into database that is located on a local MAMP server. Everything works as expected when I run the script from terminal. But when I use Launchd to automatically run this script, it functions without errors and it does not put the values into database. I've tried to make logs of returned messages, but the logs end up being empty as the command has run the way it was supposed to. Any help would be appreciated! .plist contents <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>Label</key> <string>com.adevo.ari.zip</string> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>/Volumes/Archive-Plus/B-ARCHIVE-PLUS/ZZ_UTILITY_FOLDER/Compress.sh</string> </array> <key>Nice</key> <integer>1</integer> <key>StartInterval</key> <integer>120</integer> <key>RunAtLoad</key> <true/> </dict> </plist> I made this .plist file just by searching the web.

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• Git remove directory

  - by hrickards

  I've got a repository on GitHub (http://github.com/hrickards/PHP-Crypto) for a little project me and a couple of others are working on. My development environment is Aptana Studio, and I use the EGit plugin as Aptana is basically Eclipse underneath. Today the designer sent the HTML and CSS for the website with the images in a folder named img. Previously the images were in a folder called images. Thinking nothing of it and being too lazy to update the CSS and HTML, I simply kept the images in the img directory and commited to Git. However, the GitHub web interface shows both the img and images directories, with the images directory being empty. I've tried deleting the images directory with git rm -r images and git rm images, and even mkdir images; git add images; git rm -r images but whatever I try I get the same result: fatal: pathspec 'images' did not match any files. Has anyone got any advice on how to remove images, or am I misunderstanding Git or something?

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• Git history cleanup doesn't seem to have an effect

  - by eaigner

  Hi, i ran the following 2 commands to clean up .pbxuser and .mode1v3 files from my git repository, but afterwards when i e.g. fire up gitx i can still see them in the history. git filter-branch --tree-filter "git rm -rf --cached --ignore-unmatch *.pbxuser" HEAD rm -rf .git/refs/original/ && git reflog expire --all && git gc --aggressive --prune What did i misunderstand here? The commands seem to do the job but why is gitx still viewing the diffs in its history? Regards, Erik

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• What does it mean when git pull causes a conflict but git pull --rebase doesn't?

  - by Jason Baker

  I'm pulling from a repository that only I have access to. As far as I know, I've only pushed to it from one repository. A couple of times, I've pulled from it and gotten this: To [email protected]:tsched_dev.git ! [rejected] master -> master (non-fast-forward) error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:tsched_dev.git' To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected Merge the remote changes before pushing again. See the 'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details. Generally, that just means that I have to do a git pull (although all the changes should be fast-forwardable). When I do a git pull, I get conflicts. If I do a git pull --rebase, it works fine. What am I doing wrong?

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• Git: What is a tracking branch?

  - by jerhinesmith

  Can someone explain a "tracking branch" as it applies to git? Here's the definition from git-scm.com: A 'tracking branch' in Git is a local branch that is connected to a remote branch. When you push and pull on that branch, it automatically pushes and pulls to the remote branch that it is connected with. Use this if you always pull from the same upstream branch into the new branch, and if you don't want to use "git pull" explicitly. Unfortunately, being new to git and coming from SVN, that definition makes absolutely no sense to me. I'm reading through "The Pragmatic Guide to Git" (great book, by the way), and they seem to suggest that tracking branches are a good thing and that after creating your first remote (origin, in this case), you should set up your master branch to be a tracking branch, but it unfortunately doesn't cover why a tracking branch is a good thing or what benefits you get by setting up your master branch to be a tracking branch of your origin repository. Can someone please enlighten me (in English)?

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• Working with multiple GIT severs

  - by th3flyboy

  Hello, I have a question. Is it possible to set up a system so that you have a private GIT server that you host, which automatically syncs with a remote one, hosted by a site like Sourceforge, and then you can commit your local to the private GIT server, and then when you have to merge the changes from your private wip branches that are on your private GIT over to the master/branch/tag from the public GIT, and then push the change to the public GIT? I ask this because I have a lot of personal work I would like to get working before putting it up for the public to see, and I'm shifting between several computers/operating systems in the process. If this is not possible in standard GIT, are there any other options that would allow me to do this? Thanks, Peter

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• "Project description file" error in git?

  - by Paul Wicks

  I've a small project that I want to share with a few others on a machine that we all have access to. I created a bare copy of the local repo with git clone --bare --no-hardlinks path/to/.git/ repoToShare.git I then moved repoToShare.git to the server. I can check it out with the following: git clone ssh://user@address/opt/gitroot/repoToShare.git/ test I can then see everything in the local repo and make commits against that. When I try to push changes back to the remote server I get the following error. *** Project description file hasn't been set error: hooks/update exited with error code 1 error: hook declined to update refs/heads/master Any ideas?

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• The meaning of tracking in git

  - by user273158

  In an article that has been cited in StackOverflow a few times (e.g. 1) , the author discusses the asymmetry between git push and git pull, and mentions the following: Update: Thanks to David Ongaro, who points out below that since git 1.7.4.2, the recommended value for the push.default option is upstream rather than tracking, although tracking can still be used as a deprecated synonym. The commit message that describes that change is nice, since it suggests that there is an effort underway to deprecate the term “track” in the context of setting this association with the upstream branch in a remote repository. (The totally different meanings of “track” in git branch --track and “remote-tracking branches” has long irritated me when trying to introduce git to people.) What is exactly the difference that he is referring to with: The notion of "tracking" in git branch --track The notion of "tracking" in remote-tracking branches in the last sentence?

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• Multiple svn projects into one git repository?

  - by trondgzi

  Hi, I have started to use git-svn for some of my work to be able to do local commits. This works great for projects that use standard svn layout. Recently I started working on a Java project that is split into multiple connected modules (20-25), and each module have its own root folder in the same svn repo with its own trunk/branches/tags. svnrepo/ module-1 trunk branches tags module-N trunk branches tags I have cloned each and every module with git svn clone -s /path/to/svnrepo/module[1-N]. The "problem" is that when I want to do git svn rebase on all modules i have to do it N times. I have tried to do git svn clone /path/to/svnrepo/ do avoid doing the rebase operation N times, but that leaves me with a directory layout that is the same as in the svn repo. Is there a way that I can track all the trunks of all modules in one git repo? So that I get a directory layout like this within my git repository: module-1 module-2 module-N

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• I think I don't understand git branches

  - by Hans

  Salutations everyone, I have been working on a bash script as a small summer project to learn more about UNIX scripting and on using git. This has been the first time that I have used branches in git, normally I just stick to master. I was viewing the git log with the graph (git log --graph) when I noticed that my 'develop' branch seemed to have merged with 'master'. Something like this: master ----1--------3----4----5----6----HEAD develop \---2---/ but commits 3 onwards were done within the develop branch. Doing git checkout master and git checkout develop showed this to be true. What exactly is going on? Is this what is known as fast-forwarding? P.S.: Commits 1 and 2 are also a mystery to me being that commit 2 is actually an amendment of commit 1 (as far I thought, I used this advice)

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• Is this plain stupid: GIT Sharing Via DropBox?

  - by yar

  I realize that there are similar questions, but my question is slightly different. I'm wondering whether sharing a bare repository via a synchronized DropBox folder on multiple computers would work for sharing code via GIT. Really what I want to know is: is sharing a GIT repo via DropBox (the repo gets updated on each person's local drive) the same as sharing it from one centralized location, e.g., via SSH, git or HTTP? Is this the same or different from sharing a GIT repo via a shared network drive? Note: This is not an empirical question: it seems to work fine. I'm asking whether the way a GIT repo is structured is compatible with this way of sharing. EDIT To clarify/repeat, I'm talking about keeping the GIT repository on DropBox as a bare repository. I'm not talking about keeping the actual files that are under source control in DropBox.

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• Is git revert broken?

  - by sabgenton

  The following pastebin is a repo with one file with one, two, three, four, five typed on each line. Each line was commited separately into git: http://pastebin.ca/raw/2136179 I then tried to delete the line two with the command git revert <commmit which creates two> And get: error: could not revert b4e0a66... second hint: after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths hint: with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>' hint: and commit the result with 'git commit' There should be no conflict for something this simple? Or am I doing it wrong/got the wrong command? The merge details don't seem to make sense either: one <<<<<<< HEAD two three four five ======= >>>>>>> parent of b4e0a66... second Isn't that saying delete everything but one? I was expecting only two to be affected... git 1.7.10

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• How do the environments of a standard Terminal command-line and a bash script differ?

  - by fred.bear

  I know there is something different about the environment of the Terminal command-line and the environment in a bash script, but I don't know what that difference is... Here is the example which finally led me to ask this quesiton; it may flush out some of the differences. I am trying to strip leading '0's from a number, with this command. var="000123"; var="${var##+(0)}" ; echo $var When I run this command from the Terminal's command-line, I get: 123 However, when I run it from within a script, it doesn't work; I get: 000123 I'm using Ubuntu 10.04, and tried all the following with the sam results: GNOME Terminal 2.30.2 Konsole 2.4.5 #!/bin/bash #!/bin/sh What is causing this difference? Even if some upgrade will make it work in scripts... I am trying to find out the what and why, so in future, I'll know what to look out for .

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• text is not appearing at cursor in bash, can I reset it somehow?

  - by jcollum

  This happens sometimes if the VM bumps up against upper limits of memory and has to hit swap heavily for extended periods (a few minutes or more). When this happens and I type asdf at the prompt it looks like: $ No command 'asdf' found, did you mean: Command 'asdfg' from package 'aoeui' (universe) Command 'sadf' from package 'sysstat' (main) Command 'sdf' from package 'sdf' (universe) asdf: command not found $ Note that asdf isn't showing up after $. The obvious answer is to just kill the tab and start a new one. Still, I have to wonder if there's a way to reset a bash terminal that is misbehaving like this. I tried bash and it didn't make any difference.

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• How do I teach bash in Ubuntu some curse words?

  - by NitinAb

  When bash encounters an unknown command(word?) it does this : The program 'hello' can be found in the following packages: * hello * hello-debhelper Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package> what I would like to know is how this is done so I can edit it or add something before it to cross check the unknown word from a home grown dictionary which would have phrase:reply pairs that can then be sent to output. I am guilty of not looking enough for it around .. but the few bash guides I tried digging up didn't have anything on this. Maybe I am looking at the wrong places .. any pointers? And yes I am doing this so every time I type wtf when a program fails , I want something nice thrown back at me...

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