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• Spy++ for PowerBuilder applications

  - by Frerich Raabe

  Hi, I'm trying to write a tool which lets me inspect the state of a PowerBuilder-based application. What I'm thinking of is something like Spy++ (or, even nicer, 'Snoop' as it exists for .NET applications) which lets me inspect the object tree (and properties of objects) of some PowerBuilder-based GUI. I did the same for ordinary (MFC-based) applications as well as .NET applications already, but unfortunately I never developed an application in PowerBuilder myself, so I'm generally thinking about two problems at this point: Is there some API (preferably in Java or C/C++) available which lets one traverse the tree of visual objects of a PowerBuilder application? I read up a bit on the PowerBuilder Native Interface system, but it seems that this is meant to write PowerBuilder extensions in C/C++ which can then be called from the PowerBuilder script language, right? If there is some API available - maybe PowerBuilder applications even expose some sort of IPC-enabled API which lets me inspect the state of a PowerBuilder object hierarchy without being within the process of the PowerBuilder application? Maybe there's an automation interface available, or something COM-based - or maybe something else? Right now, my impression is that probably need to inject a DLL into the process of the PowerBuilder application and then gain access to the running PowerBuilder VM so that I can query it for the object tree. Some sort of IPC mechanism will then let me transport this information out of the PowerBuilder application's process. Does anybody have some experience with this or can shed some light on whether anybody tried to do this already? Best regards, Frerich

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• problem injecting Sessionscoped bean in Managed bean

  - by user310852

  I have a Session scoped bean @SessionScoped public class UserData implements Serializable { private String uid; public String getUid() { return uid; } public void setUid(final String uid) { this.uid = uid; } I'm setting a value in a SessionScoped bean in my stateless session bean public void setOperator(final Operator operator) { userData.setUid(operator.getId()); } When I try to get the object with @Inject I only get null @ManagedBean(name = "RoleController") @SessionScoped public class RoleController { ... @Inject private UserData userData; ... public UserData getUserData() { System.out.println("ID"); System.out.println(userData.getUid()); I have a bean.xml

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• How do I get google guice to inject a custom logger, say a commons-logging or log4j logger

  - by Miguel Silva

  Google guice has a built-in logger binding (http://code.google.com/p/google-guice/wiki/BuiltInBindings). But what if I want to use a commons-logging or log4j logger? Can I get guice to inject a Log created by LogFactory.getLog(CLASS.class) But having the same behavior as in built-in binding: The binding automatically sets the logger's name to the name of the class into which the Logger is being injected.. Does it even makes sense? Or shout I simply use the built-in java Logger? Or just use commons-logging without injections?

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• Confused about this factory, as it doesn't look like an Abstract Factory nor Factory Method

  - by Pin

  I'm looking into Guice and I've been reading its documentation recently. Reading the motivation section I don't understand the factories part, why they name it that way. To me that factory is just a wrapper for the implementing class they want it to return after calling getInstance(). public class CreditCardProcessorFactory { private static CreditCardProcessor instance; public static void setInstance(CreditCardProcessor creditCardProcessor) { instance = creditCardProcessor; } public static CreditCardProcessor getInstance() { if (instance == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("CreditCardProcessorFactory not initialized. " + "Did you forget to call CreditCardProcessor.setInstance() ?"); } return instance; } } Why do they call it factory as well if it is neither an abstract factory nor a factory method? Or am I missing something? Thanks.

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• missing elements from pcap?

  - by Matthew

  When I check the attributes available to the module pcap, I expect to see something like 'DLT_AIRONET_HEADER', 'DLT_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394', 'DLT_ARCNET', 'DLT_ARCNET_LINUX', 'DLT_ATM_CLIP', 'DLT_ATM_RFC1483', 'DLT_AURORA', 'DLT_AX25', 'DLT_CHAOS', 'DLT_CISCO_IOS', 'DLT_C_HDLC', 'DLT_DOCSIS', 'DLT_ECONET', 'DLT_EN10MB', 'DLT_EN3MB', 'DLT_ENC', 'DLT_FDDI', 'DLT_FRELAY', 'DLT_IEEE802', 'DLT_IEEE802_11', 'DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO', 'DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS', 'DLT_IPFILTER', 'DLT_IP_OVER_FC', 'DLT_JUNIPER_ATM1', 'DLT_JUNIPER_ATM2', 'DLT_JUNIPER_ES', 'DLT_JUNIPER_GGSN', 'DLT_JUNIPER_MFR', 'DLT_JUNIPER_MLFR', 'DLT_JUNIPER_MLPPP', 'DLT_JUNIPER_MONITOR', 'DLT_JUNIPER_SERVICES', 'DLT_LINUX_IRDA', 'DLT_LINUX_SLL', 'DLT_LOOP', 'DLT_LTALK', 'DLT_NULL', 'DLT_PFLOG', 'DLT_PPP', 'DLT_PPP_BSDOS', 'DLT_PPP_ETHER', 'DLT_PPP_SERIAL', 'DLT_PRISM_HEADER', 'DLT_PRONET', 'DLT_RAW', 'DLT_RIO', 'DLT_SLIP', 'DLT_SLIP_BSDOS', 'DLT_SUNATM', 'DLT_SYMANTEC_FIREWALL', 'DLT_TZSP', 'builtins', 'doc', 'file', 'name', '_newclass', '_object', '_pcap', '_swig_getattr', '_swig_setattr', 'aton', 'dltname', 'dltvalue', 'findalldevs', 'lookupdev', 'lookupnet', 'ntoa', 'pcapObject', 'pcapObjectPtr'] With note on pcapObject. However, all I get when running dir(pcap) is ['DLT_ARCNET', 'DLT_AX25', 'DLT_CHAOS', 'DLT_EN10MB', 'DLT_EN3MB', 'DLT_FDDI', 'DLT_IEEE802', 'DLT_LINUX_SLL', 'DLT_LOOP', 'DLT_NULL', 'DLT_PFLOG', 'DLT_PFSYNC', 'DLT_PPP', 'DLT_PRONET', 'DLT_RAW', 'DLT_SLIP', 'author', 'builtins', 'copyright', 'doc', 'file', 'license', 'name', 'url', 'version', 'bpf', 'dltoff', 'ex_name', 'lookupdev', 'pcap', 'sys'] Noting the lack of pcapObject. Why is this? What could cause this?

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• How do I obtain a new stateful session bean in a servlet thread?

  - by FarmBoy

  I'm experimenting with EJB3 I would like to inject a stateful session bean into a servlet, so that each user that hits the servlet would obtain a new bean. Obviously, I can't let the bean be an instance variable for the servlet, as that will be shared. And apparantly injecting local variables isn't allowed. I can use the new operator to create a bean, but that doesn't seem the right approach. Is there a right way to do this? It seems like what I'm trying to do is fairly straightforward, after all, we would want each new customer to find an empty shopping cart.

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• extract payload from tcpflow output

  - by Felipe Alvarez

  Tcpflow outputs a bunch of files, many of which are HTTP responses from a web server. Inside, they contain HTTP headers, including Content-type: , and other important ones. I'm trying to write a script that can extract just the payload data (i.e. image/jpeg; text/html; et al.) and save it to a file [optional: with an appropriate name and file extension]. The EOL chars are \r\n (CRLF) and so this makes it difficult to use in GNU distros (in my experiences). I've been trying something along the lines of: sed /HTTP/,/^$/d To delete all text from the the beginning of HTTP (incl) to the end of \r\n\r\n (incl) but I have found no luck. I'm looking for help from anyone with good experience in sed and/or awk. I have zero experience with Perl, please I'd prefer to use common GNU command line utilities for this Find a sample tcpflow output file here. Thanks, Felipe

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• IoC library compatible with MonoTouch?

  - by hambonious

  Still getting familiar with the limits of MonoTouch. Is there an IoC/DI library that can be used with MonoTouch. Something like Ninject ideally?

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• Examples of IOC/DI over Singleton

  - by Amitd

  Hi, Just started learning/reading about DI and IOC frameworks. Also I read many articles on SO and internet that say that one should prefer DI/IOC over singleton. Can anyone give/link examples of exactly how DI/IOC eliminates/solves the various issues regarding the Singleton pattern? (hopefully code and explanation for better understanding) Also given a system has already implemented Singleton pattern, how to refactor/implement DI/IOC for the same? (any examples for the same?) (Language/Framework no bars..C# would be helpful) Thanks

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• Graph limitations - Should I use Decorator?

  - by Nick Wiggill

  I have a functional AdjacencyListGraph class that adheres to a defined interface GraphStructure. In order to layer limitations on this (eg. acyclic, non-null, unique vertex data etc.), I can see two possible routes, each making use of the GraphStructure interface: Create a single class ("ControlledGraph") that has a set of bitflags specifying various possible limitations. Handle all limitations in this class. Update the class if new limitation requirements become apparent. Use the decorator pattern (DI, essentially) to create a separate class implementation for each individual limitation that a client class may wish to use. The benefit here is that we are adhering to the Single Responsibility Principle. I would lean toward the latter, but by Jove!, I hate the decorator Pattern. It is the epitome of clutter, IMO. Truthfully it all depends on how many decorators might be applied in the worst case -- in mine so far, the count is seven (the number of discrete limitations I've recognised at this stage). The other problem with decorator is that I'm going to have to do interface method wrapping in every... single... decorator class. Bah. Which would you go for, if either? Or, if you can suggest some more elegant solution, that would be welcome. EDIT: It occurs to me that using the proposed ControlledGraph class with the strategy pattern may help here... some sort of template method / functors setup, with individual bits applying separate controls in the various graph-canonical interface methods. Or am I losing the plot?

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• Dependency on Spring's annotations

  - by Jacques René Mesrine

  I have annotated my classes with @Repository, @Resource, @Component, @Service annotations but these classes must run in 2 environments. The first environment is Spring 2.x based while the other has no spring at all. I'm sure the code will fail without the spring jars & I want to know ideas from you on how I can retain the annotations but still work in both environments

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• Converting From Castle Windsor To StructureMap In An MVC2 Project

  - by alphadogg

  I am learning about best practices in MVC2 and I am knocking off a copy of the "Who Can Help Me" project (http://whocanhelpme.codeplex.com/) off Codeplex. In it, they use Castle Windsor for their DI container. One "learning" task I am trying to do is convert this subsystem in this project to use StructureMap. Basically, at Application_Start(), the code news up a Windsor container. Then, it goes through multiple assemblies, using MEF: public static void Register(IContainer container) { var catalog = new CatalogBuilder() .ForAssembly(typeof(IComponentRegistrarMarker).Assembly) .ForMvcAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly()) .ForMvcAssembliesInDirectory(HttpRuntime.BinDirectory, "CPOP*.dll") // Won't work in Partial trust .Build(); var compositionContainer = new CompositionContainer(catalog); compositionContainer .GetExports<IComponentRegistrar>() .Each(e => e.Value.Register(container)); } and any class in any assembly that has an IComponentRegistrar interface will get its Register() method run. For example, the controller registrar's Register() method implementation basically is: public void Register(IContainer container) { Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof(ControllersRegistrarMarker)).GetExportedTypes() .Where(IsController) .Each(type => container.AddComponentLifeStyle( type.Name.ToLower(), type, LifestyleType.Transient )); } private static bool IsController(Type type) { return typeof(IController).IsAssignableFrom(type); } Hopefully, I am not butchering WCHM too much. I am wondering how does one do this with StructureMap?

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• Linq to sql DataContext cannot set load options after results been returned

  - by David Liddle

  I have two tables A and B with a one-to-many relationship respectively. On some pages I would like to get a list of A objects only. On other pages I would like to load A with objects in B attached. This can be handled by setting the load options DataLoadOptions options = new DataLoadOptions(); options.LoadWith<A>(a => a.B); dataContext.LoadOptions = options; The trouble occurs when I first of all view all A's with load options, then go to edit a single A (do not use load options), and after edit return to the previous page. I understand why the error is occurring but not sure how to best get round this problem. I would like the DataContext to be loaded up per request. I thought I was achieving this by using StructureMap to load up my DataContext on a per request basis. This is all part of an n-tier application where my Controllers call Services which in turn call Repositories. ForRequestedType<MyDataContext>() .CacheBy(InstanceScope.PerRequest) .TheDefault.Is.Object(new MyDataContext()); ForRequestedType<IAService>() .TheDefault.Is.OfConcreteType<AService>(); ForRequestedType<IARepository>() .TheDefault.Is.OfConcreteType<ARepository>(); Here is a brief outline of my Repository public class ARepository : IARepository { private MyDataContext db; public ARepository(MyDataContext context) { db = context; } public void SetLoadOptions(DataLoadOptions options) { db.LoadOptions = options; } public IQueryable<A> Get() { return from a in db.A select a; } So my ServiceLayer, on View All, sets the load options and then gets all A's. On editing A my ServiceLayer should spin up a new DataContext and just fetch a list of A's. When sql profiling, I can see that when I go to the Edit page it is requesting A with B objects.

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• Is there anything like Unity for simple things that don't require an interface?

  - by Dave

  Perhaps I'm misapplying Unity, but here goes. I have a couple of applications, both of which load the same plugin assemblies. All assemblies require a library, and I want them to be able to access this library via Unity. However, in order to use Unity, or any other IoC framework, I'd have to write an interface for this library. I will probably do this, but since an interface isn't really needed for anything other than to support Unity, I am afraid that this means that I am 1) missing the point, or 2) misapplying the framework. If I avoid something that offers me DI, then I'd have to make the library class a singleton, and then pass it to all of the plugin constructors, or via a public property, and I don't want to do this. That said, and without actually implementing anything with Unity yet, I'm not getting one other detail -- although Unity will let me request the library via Resolve<, my plugins will still need to have a reference to the Unity instance that is created in the main applications. So is this a case where your only option is to pass the Unity reference to all of the plugins, but then it's convenient from that point on, merely because you can use Unity to get at all of the other dependencies?

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• Spring.net is not injecting chained base class properties!

  - by JohnIdol

  I am successfully injecting base class properties with spring.net with just a class that inherits from a base abstract class. Lets say Class MyClass : MyBase, and I am successfully setting a property like this: <object id="myInstantiableClass" type="myAssembly.MyClass myAssenbly" abstract="true"> <property name="MyBaseClassProperty" ref="anotherObjRef"></property> </object> Where MyBaseClassProperty is a property on the base class. Now I have another abstract class between the old base class and the instantiable class, and I am trying to set properties on both the abstract classes. So MyClass : MyNewBaseClass, and MyNewBaseClass : MyBaseClass. I have an additional property on the new base class (MyNewBaseClassProperty) and I am trying to inject it like this: <object id="myInstantiableClass" type="myAssembly.MyClass myAssenbly" abstract="true"> <property name="MyBaseClassProperty" ref="anotherObjRef"></property> <property name="MyNewBaseClassProperty" ref="someOtherObjRef"></property> </object> The property on the old base class is being injected but the one on the new one is not - and I am not getting an error or anything (so I am pretty sure my config is good), that property is just null! Any help appreciated! P.S. I am on asp.net (not MVC) but I don't think it's related.

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• Prevent illegal behavior to the registered user

  - by Al Kush

  I am building a website in which this website will be focused on the publishing of novels. Every writers who publish their novels with us will get a royalty from us. And this royalty comes from the user or the reader who read the novel online in our website. When a user search for a novel and want to read that, they will click a link to the page which its content is that novel. The html page for each novels will have a session function that first will force them to login or register to make a payment such as with a credit-card or paypal before accessing that html page. My problem now is if the user has succesfully login and access the html page, I am afraid if the user will copy the content of the novel. Some disccussion out here How to Disable Copy Paste (Browser) have a solution to create it in Flash so that it can't be coppied-paste. But the I think, if the user who access it is a web developer like us they will try to find the path of the file from the link in the page source, and then they can steal it. For now I think it is enough I am explaining this. I hope anyone fully accept this problem (question) with a good idea to solve it.

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• Creating Dependencies Only to be able to Unit Test

  - by arin

  I just created a Manager that deals with a SuperClass that is extended all over the code base and registered with some sort of SuperClassManager (SCM). Now I would like to test my Manager that is aware of only the SuperClass. I tried to create a concrete SCM, however, that depends on a third party library and therefore I failed to do that in my jUnit test. Now the option is to mock all instances of this SCM. All is good until now, however, when my Manager deals with the SCM, it returns children of the SuperClass that my Manager does not know or care about. Nevertheless, the identities of these children are vital for my tests (for equality, etc.). Since I cannot use the concrete SCM, I have to mock the results of calls to the appropriate functions of the SCM, however, this means that my tests and therefore my Manager need to know and care about the children of the SuperClass. Checking the code base, there does not seem to be a more appropriate location for my test (that already maintains the appropriate real dependencies). Is it worth it to introduce unnecessary dependencies for the sake of unit testing?

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• inject different implementations by logged User Role

  - by Omu

  public class TheController : Controller { IThe the; public TheController( IThe the) { //when User.IsInRole("r1") The1 should be injected else r2 this.the = the; } } public class The1 : IThe{} public class The2 : IThe{} //anybody knows a good way of doing this ?

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• Using pyodbc to insert rows into a MS Access MDB, how do I escape the paramaters?

  - by MDBGuy

  Hi, I'm using pyodbc to talk to a legacy Access 2000 .mdb file. I've got a cursor, and am trying to execute this: c.execute("INSERT INTO [Accounts] ([Name], [TypeID], [StatusID], [AccountCat], [id]) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", [u'test', 20, 10, 4, 2]) However, doing so results in pyodbc.Error: ('HYC00', '[HYC00] [Microsoft][ODBC Microsoft Access Driver]Optional feature not implemented (106) (SQLBindParameter)') I understand I can simply change the question marks to the literal values, but in my experience proper escaping of strings across databases is... not pretty. PHP and mysql team up to bring mysql_real_escape_string and friends, but I can't seem to find pyodbc's function for escaping values. If you could let me know what the recommended way of inserting this data (from python) is, that'd be very helpful. Alternatively, if you have a python function to escape the odbc strings, that would also be great. Thanks for the help.

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• Do I have to use mysql_real_escape_string if I bind parameters?

  - by Babak

  I have the following code: function dbPublish($status) { global $dbcon, $dbtable; if(isset($_GET['itemId'])) { $sqlQuery = 'UPDATE ' . $dbtable . ' SET active = ? WHERE id = ?'; $stmt = $dbcon->prepare($sqlQuery); $stmt->bind_param('ii', $status, $_GET['itemId']); $stmt->execute(); $stmt->close(); } } Do I need to mysql_real_escape_string in this case or am i okay?

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• Testing system where App-level and Request-level IoC containers exist

  - by Bobby

  My team is in the process of developing a system where we're using Unity as our IoC container; and to provide NHibernate ISessions (Units of work) over each HTTP Request, we're using Unity's ChildContainer feature to create a child container for each request, and sticking the ISession in there. We arrived at this approach after trying others (including defining per-request lifetimes in the container, but there are issues there) and are now trying to decide on a unit testing strategy. Right now, the application-level container itself is living in the HttpApplication, and the Request container lives in the HttpContext.Current. Obviously, neither exist during testing. The pain increases when we decided to use Service Location from our Domain layer, to "lazily" resolve dependencies from the container. So now we have more components wanting to talk to the container. We are also using MSTest, which presents some concurrency dilemmas during testing as well. So we're wondering, what do the bright folks out there in the SO community do to tackle this predicament? How does one setup an application that, during "real" runtime, relies on HTTP objects to hold the containers, but during test has the flexibility to build-up and tear-down the containers consistently, and have the ServiceLocation bits get to those precise containers. I hope the question is clear, thanks!

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• Explanation of this SQL sanitization code

  - by Derek

  I got this from for a login form tutorial: function clean($str) { $str = @trim($str); if(get_magic_quotes_gpc()) { $str = stripslashes($str); } return mysql_real_escape_string($str); } Could some one explain exactly what this does? I know that the 'clean' var is called up afterwards to sanitize the fields; I.e. $email = clean($_POST['email']);

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• Understanding how to inject object dependencies

  - by Hans

  I have an object that loads an instance of another object in a method. $survey = new survey; $question = new question($survey); $question-load($question_id); class question { public function __construct(&$survey) { $this-survey = $survey; } public function load ($id) { // now a question is loaded // want to load the survey that this question is in $this->survey->load($this->get('survey_id')); // ** survey_id is a field in the questions table // now $this->survey object has all the info about the survey this question is in } private function get($name) { // returns $name, if isset() from array that load() sets } } This is frying my brain, though, because it seems like $survey should come into $response already being a complete object. But, how do I do that, if I don't know what survey_id to load until I'm in the object? I am revamping a site and the most complex part is littered with this issue. TIA - Hans.

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• A methology that allows for a single Java code base covering many different versions?

  - by Thorbjørn Ravn Andersen

  I work in a small shop where we have a LOT of legacy Cobol code and where a methology has been adopted to allow us to minimize forking and branching as much as possible. For a given release we have three levels: CORE - bottom layer, this code is common to all releases GROUP - optional code common to several customers. CUSTOMER - optional code specific for a single customer. When a program is needed, it is first searched for in CUSTOMER, then in GROUP and finally in CORE. A given application for us invokes many programs which all are looked for in this sequence (think exe files and PATH under Windows). We also have Java programs interacting with this legacy code, and as the core-group-customer lookup mehchanism does not lend it self easily to Java it has tended to grow in a CVS branch for each customer, requiring much too much maintainance. The Java part and the backend part tend to be developed in parallel. I have been assigned to figure out a way to make the two worlds meet. Essentially we want a Java enviornment which allows us to have a single code base with sources for each release, where we easily can select a group and a customer and work with the application as it goes for that customer, and then easily switch to another codeset and THAT customer. I was thinking of perhaps a scenario with an Eclipse project for each core, customer, and group and then use Project Sets to select those we need for a given scenario. The problem I cannot get my head about, is how we would create robust code in the CORE projects which will work regardless of which group and customer is selected. A Factory class which knows which sub class of a passed Class object to invoke instead of each and every new? Others must have had similar code base management problems. Anybody with experiences to share? EDIT: The conclusion to this problem above has been that CVS needs to be replaced with a source code management system better suited for dealing with many branches concurrently and the migration of source from one component to the other while keeping history. Inspired by the recent migration by slf4j and logback we are currently looking at git as it handles branches very well. We've considered subversion and mercurial too but git appears to be better for single location, multibranched projects. I've asked about Perforce in another question, but my personal inclination is towards open source solutions for something as crucial as this. EDIT: After some more pondering, we've found that our actual pain point is that we use branches in CVS, and that branches in CVS are the easiest to work with if you branch ALL files! The revised conclusion is that we can do this with CVS alone, by switching to a forest of java projects, each corresponding to one of the levels above, and use the Eclipse build paths to tie them together so each CUSTOMER version pulls in the appropriate GROUP and CORE project. We still want to switch to a better versioning system but this is so important a decision so we want to delay it as much as possible. EDIT: I now have a proof-of-concept implementation of the CORE-GROUP-CUSTOMER concept using Google Guice 2.0 - the @ImplementedBy tag is just what we need. I wonder what everybody else does? Using if's all over the place? EDIT: Now I also need this functionality for web applications. Guice was until the JSR-330 is in place. Anybody with versioning experience? EDIT: JSR-330/299 is now in place with the JEE6 reference implementation Weld based on JBoss Seam and I have reimplemented the proof-of-concept with Weld and can see that if we use @Alternative along with ... in beans.xml we can get the behaviour we desire. I.e. provide a new implementation for a given functionality in CORE without changing a bit in the CORE jars. Initial reading up on the Servlet 3.0 specification indicates that it may support the same functionality for web application resources (not code). We will now do initial testing on the real application.

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• Why not lump all service classes into a Factory method (instead of injecting interfaces)?

  - by Andrew

  We are building an ASP.NET project, and encapsulating all of our business logic in service classes. Some is in the domain objects, but generally those are rather anemic (due to the ORM we are using, that won't change). To better enable unit testing, we define interfaces for each service and utilize D.I.. E.g. here are a couple of the interfaces: IEmployeeService IDepartmentService IOrderService ... All of the methods in these services are basically groups of tasks, and the classes contain no private member variables (other than references to the dependent services). Before we worried about Unit Testing, we'd just declare all these classes as static and have them call each other directly. Now we'll set up the class like this if the service depends on other services: public EmployeeService : IEmployeeService { private readonly IOrderService _orderSvc; private readonly IDepartmentService _deptSvc; private readonly IEmployeeRepository _empRep; public EmployeeService(IOrderService orderSvc , IDepartmentService deptSvc , IEmployeeRepository empRep) { _orderSvc = orderSvc; _deptSvc = deptSvc; _empRep = empRep; } //methods down here } This really isn't usually a problem, but I wonder why not set up a factory class that we pass around instead? i.e. public ServiceFactory { virtual IEmployeeService GetEmployeeService(); virtual IDepartmentService GetDepartmentService(); virtual IOrderService GetOrderService(); } Then instead of calling: _orderSvc.CalcOrderTotal(orderId) we'd call _svcFactory.GetOrderService.CalcOrderTotal(orderid) What's the downfall of this method? It's still testable, it still allows us to use D.I. (and handle external dependencies like database contexts and e-mail senders via D.I. within and outside the factory), and it eliminates a lot of D.I. setup and consolidates dependencies more. Thanks for your thoughts!

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