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  • How to assemble a WAV file?

    - by David
    I'm doing an educational project in which 1) I record voice commands on a separate device and after appropriate processing etc... 2) I send 16-bit samples encapsulated in UDP packets over Ethernet to the PC. After receiving the packets and "extracting" data (samples) from them, I need to assemble the samples to a WAV file. Any example code? Any suggestions?

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  • How to assemble a WAV file, C# preferred?!

    - by David
    Hi guys! I'm doing an educational project in which 1) I record voice commands on a separate device and after appropriate processing etc... 2) I send 16-bit samples encapsulated in UDP packets over Ethernet to the PC. After receiving the packets and "extracting" data (samples) from them, I need to assemble the samples to a WAV file. Any example code? Any suggestions? Thank you in advance!

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  • Port forwarding DD-WRT

    - by Pawel
    Hi, I'am runing locally service on port 81 (192.168.1.101) I would like to access server from outside MY.WAN.IP.ADDR:81. Everything is working fine on my local network, However can't access it from outside. Below iptables rules on the router. I am using dd-wrt and asus rt-n16 (everything is setup through standard port range forwarding in dd-wrt ) It might be something obvious, but I don't have any experience with routing. Any help will be really appreciated. Thanks. #iptables -t nat -vnL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1285 packets, 148K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 3 252 DNAT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 MY.WAN.IP.ADDR to:192.168.1.1 5 300 DNAT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 MY.WAN.IP.ADDR tcp dpt:81 to:192.168.1.101 0 0 DNAT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 MY.WAN.IP.ADDR udp dpt:81 to:192.168.1.101 298 39375 TRIGGER 0 -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 MY.WAN.IP.ADDR TRIGGER type:dnat match:0 relate:0 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 7 packets, 433 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 747 91318 SNAT 0 -- * vlan2 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 to:MY.WAN.IP.ADDR 0 0 RETURN 0 -- * br0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 PKTTYPE = broadcast Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 86 packets, 5673 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination # iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination DROP tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:webcache DROP tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:www DROP tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https DROP tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:69 DROP tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh DROP tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh DROP tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:telnet DROP tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:telnet Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT 0 -- anywhere anywhere TCPMSS tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp flags:SYN,RST/SYN TCPMSS clamp to PMTU lan2wan 0 -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT 0 -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED logaccept tcp -- anywhere pawel-ubuntu tcp dpt:81 logaccept udp -- anywhere pawel-ubuntu udp dpt:81 TRIGGER 0 -- anywhere anywhere TRIGGER type:in match:0 relate:0 trigger_out 0 -- anywhere anywhere logaccept 0 -- anywhere anywhere state NEW Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_1 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_10 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_2 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_3 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_4 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_5 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_6 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_7 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_8 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain advgrp_9 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_1 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_10 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_2 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_3 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_4 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_5 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_6 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_7 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_8 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain grp_9 (0 references) target prot opt source destination Chain lan2wan (1 references) target prot opt source destination Chain logaccept (3 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT 0 -- anywhere anywhere Chain logdrop (0 references) target prot opt source destination DROP 0 -- anywhere anywhere Chain logreject (0 references) target prot opt source destination REJECT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp reject-with tcp-reset Chain trigger_out (1 references) target prot opt source destination #iptables -vnL FORWARD Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 130 packets, 5327 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 15 900 ACCEPT 0 -- br0 br0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 390 20708 TCPMSS tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x06/0x02 TCPMSS clamp to PMTU 182K 130M lan2wan 0 -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 179K 129M ACCEPT 0 -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 logaccept tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.101 tcp dpt:81 0 0 logaccept udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.101 udp dpt:81 0 0 TRIGGER 0 -- vlan2 br0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 TRIGGER type:in match:0 relate:0 2612 768K trigger_out 0 -- br0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 2482 762K logaccept 0 -- br0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW

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  • iptable CLUSTERIP won't work

    - by Rad Akefirad
    We have some requirements which explained here. We tried to satisfy them without any success as described. Here is the brief information: Here are requirements: 1. High Availability 2. Load Balancing Current Configuration: Server #1: one static (real) IP for each 10.17.243.11 Server #2: one static (real) IP for each 10.17.243.12 Cluster (virtual and shared among all servers) IP: 10.17.243.15 I tried to use CLUSTERIP to have the cluster IP by the following: on the server #1 iptables -I INPUT -i eth0 -d 10.17.243.15 -j CLUSTERIP --new --hashmode sourceip --clustermac 01:00:5E:00:00:20 --total-nodes 2 --local-node 1 on the server #2 iptables -I INPUT -i eth0 -d 10.17.243.15 -j CLUSTERIP --new --hashmode sourceip --clustermac 01:00:5E:00:00:20 --total-nodes 2 --local-node 2 When we try to ping 10.17.243.15 there is no reply. And the web service (tomcat on port 8080) is not accessible either. However we managed to get the packets on both servers by using TCPDUMP. Some useful information: iptable roules (iptables -L -n -v): Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 21775 packets, 1470K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 CLUSTERIP all -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 10.17.243.15 CLUSTERIP hashmode=sourceip clustermac=01:00:5E:00:00:20 total_nodes=2 local_node=1 hash_init=0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 14078 packets, 44M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Log messages: ... kernel: [ 7.329017] e1000e: eth3 NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None ... kernel: [ 7.329133] e1000e 0000:05:00.0: eth3: 10/100 speed: disabling TSO ... kernel: [ 7.329567] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth3: link becomes ready ... kernel: [ 71.333285] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team ... kernel: [ 71.341804] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) ... kernel: [ 71.343168] ipt_CLUSTERIP: ClusterIP Version 0.8 loaded successfully ... kernel: [ 108.456043] device eth0 entered promiscuous mode ... kernel: [ 112.678859] device eth0 left promiscuous mode ... kernel: [ 117.916050] device eth0 entered promiscuous mode ... kernel: [ 140.168848] device eth0 left promiscuous mode TCPDUMP while pinging: tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 12:11:55.335528 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.17.243.1 > 10.17.243.15: ICMP echo request, id 16162, seq 2390, length 64 12:11:56.335778 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.17.243.1 > 10.17.243.15: ICMP echo request, id 16162, seq 2391, length 64 12:11:57.336010 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.17.243.1 > 10.17.243.15: ICMP echo request, id 16162, seq 2392, length 64 12:11:58.336287 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) 10.17.243.1 > 10.17.243.15: ICMP echo request, id 16162, seq 2393, length 64 And there is no ping reply as I said. Does anyone know which part I missed? Thanks in advance.

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  • PPTP connection fails with errors 800/806

    - by Mark S. Rasmussen
    I've got a client (Server 2008 R2) that won't connect to our production environment PPTP VPN server (Server 2003, running RRAS). The server is behind a firewall that has TCP1723 open as well as GRE. Other clients at our office are able to connect just fine. Our office is behind a Juniper SSG5-Serial firewall, but all outgoing traffic is allowed, and multiple other clients are able to connect to VPN servers without issues. I've also setup a completely different VPN server on another network outside of our office. The functioning clients connect just fine - the Server 2008 R2 machine doesn't. Thus it's definitely a problem with this machine in particular. I've rebooted it. I've disabled the firewall, no dice on either. I've run PPTPSRV and PPTPCLNT on the server/client and they're able to communicate perfectly - indicating there's no problem using neither TCP1723 nor GRE. The Server 2008 R2 machine is also running as a VPN server itself (incoming connection) and that's working perfectly. We have the issues no matter if there are active incoming connections or not. I'm not sure what my next debugging step would be; any suggestions? EDIT: The event log on the server has the following warning from RasMan: A connection between the VPN server and the VPN client xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx has been established, but the VPN connection cannot be completed. The most common cause for this is that a firewall or router between the VPN server and the VPN client is not configured to allow Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) packets (protocol 47). Verify that the firewalls and routers between your VPN server and the Internet allow GRE packets. Make sure the firewalls and routers on the user's network are also configured to allow GRE packets. If the problem persists, have the user contact the Internet service provider (ISP) to determine whether the ISP might be blocking GRE packets. Obviously this points to GRE being a potential problem. But seeing as I have other clients connectiong without problems, as well as PPTPSRV and PPTPCLNT being able to communicate, I'm suspecting this might be a red herring. EDIT: Here are the anonymized events logged by the client in chronological order: CoId={742CB15C-A7E0-47B7-8240-0EFA1139CBD9}: The user XXX\YYY has started dialing a VPN connection using a per-user connection profile named ZZZ. The connection settings are: Dial-in User = XXX\YYY VpnStrategy = PPTP DataEncryption = Require PrerequisiteEntry = AutoLogon = No UseRasCredentials = Yes Authentication Type = CHAP/MS-CHAPv2 Ipv4DefaultGateway = No Ipv4AddressAssignment = By Server Ipv4DNSServerAssignment = By Server Ipv6DefaultGateway = Yes Ipv6AddressAssignment = By Server Ipv6DNSServerAssignment = By Server IpDnsFlags = Register primary domain suffix IpNBTEnabled = Yes UseFlags = Private Connection ConnectOnWinlogon = No. CoId={742CB15C-A7E0-47B7-8240-0EFA1139CBD9}: The user XXX\YYY is trying to establish a link to the Remote Access Server for the connection named ZZZ using the following device: Server address/Phone Number = XXX.YYY.ZZZ.KKK Device = WAN Miniport (PPTP) Port = VPN3-4 MediaType = VPN. CoId={742CB15C-A7E0-47B7-8240-0EFA1139CBD9}: The user XXX\YYY has successfully established a link to the Remote Access Server using the following device: Server address/Phone Number = XXX.YYY.ZZZ.KKK Device = WAN Miniport (PPTP) Port = VPN3-4 MediaType = VPN. CoId={742CB15C-A7E0-47B7-8240-0EFA1139CBD9}: The link to the Remote Access Server has been established by user XXX\YYY. CoId={742CB15C-A7E0-47B7-8240-0EFA1139CBD9}: The user XXX\YYY dialed a connection named ZZZ which has failed. The error code returned on failure is 806. Running Wireshark on the client shows it trying and retrying to send a "71 Configuration Request" While the server shows the incoming client requests, but apparently without replying: Given that this is GRE traffic, I think rules out the GRE traffic being blocked. Question is, why doesn't the server reply? This is the Configuration Request the server receives from the non functioning client (meaning no response is sent to the client request): And this is the Configuration Request the server receives from the working client: To me they seem identical, except for differing keys and magic numbers, and the fact that one client receives a response while the other doesn't.

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  • Dhcpd Daemon is trying to lease itself?

    - by tommieb75
    I have a Slackware Linux 13.0 box with two interfaces, eth0 and eth1. I have set this box up to be on the 192.168.1.0/24 network, with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. I am trying to run a dhcpd server on this box to service two interfaces above, so I subnetted the 192.168.1.0/24 network into two subnets. For eth0 192.168.1.1, subnet mask 255.255.255.128, broadcast mask 192.168.1.127. For eth1 192.168.1.129, subnet mask 255.255.255.128, broadcast mask 192.168.1.255. Both the interfaces are assigned manually. eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.1.1 Bcast:192.168.1.127 Mask:255.255.255.128 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:39 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:1404 (1.3 KiB) Interrupt:11 Base address:0x8000 Memory:faffc000-faffcfff eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet addr:192.168.1.128 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.128 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:10003 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13286 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:1589229 (1.5 MiB) TX bytes:9900005 (9.4 MiB) Interrupt:11 Here is the dhcpd.conf set up authoritative; ddns-update-style interim; ignore client-updates; subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.128 { range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.126; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 86400; option routers 192.168.1.1; option ip-forwarding off; option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.127; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.128; } subnet 192.168.1.128 netmask 255.255.255.128 { range 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.254; default-lease-time 86400; max-lease-time 86400; option routers 192.168.1.1; option ip-forwarding off; option domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.128; } This is what is showing in the log Apr 10 18:09:58 inspiron8600 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:00:00:00:00:00 (inspiron8600) via eth1 Apr 10 18:09:58 inspiron8600 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.1.131 to 00:00:00:00:00:00 (inspiron8600) via eth1 Apr 10 18:10:01 inspiron8600 dhcpcd[3832]: eth1: adding IP address 169.254.153.6/16 This is happening spuriously, and the log gets filled up with nonsense..so my question is this: How do I stop this from happening? And why would it be trying to give itself a lease? I am sure I have missed something but cannot see it and would appreciate a pair of eyes from the community to spot the obvious flaw!

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  • how to make bridge networking with KVM work in Fedora19

    - by netllama
    I'm attempting to get several virtual machines setup on a Fedora-19 host system, with the traditional bridge network devices (br0, br1, etc). I've done this many times before with older versions of Fedora (16, 14, etc), and it just works. However, for reasons that I cannot figure out, the bridge doesn't seem to be working in Fedora19. While I can successfully connect to the outside world (local network + internet) from inside a VM, nothing can communicate with the VM from outside (local network). I'm referring to something as trivial as pinging. From inside the VM, I can ping anything successfully (0% packet loss). However, from outside the VM (on the host, or any other system on the same network), I see 100% packet loss when pinging the IP address of the VM. My first question is simply, does anyone else have this working successfully in F19? And if so, what steps did you need to follow? I'm not using NetworkManager at all, its all the network service. There are no firewalls involved anywhere (iptables & firewall services are currently disabled). Here's the current host configuration: # brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces br0 8000.38eaa792efe5 no em2 vnet1 br1 8000.38eaa792efe6 no em3 br2 8000.38eaa792efe7 no em4 vnet0 virbr0 8000.525400db3ebf yes virbr0-nic # more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-em2 TYPE=Ethernet BRIDGE="br0" NAME=em2 DEVICE="em2" UUID=aeaa839e-c89c-4d6e-9daa-79b6a1b919bd ONBOOT=yes HWADDR=38:EA:A7:92:EF:E5 NM_CONTROLLED="no" # more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 TYPE=Bridge NM_CONTROLLED="no" BOOTPROTO=dhcp NAME=br0 DEVICE="br0" ONBOOT=yes # ifconfig em2 ;ifconfig br0 em2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet6 fe80::3aea:a7ff:fe92:efe5 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 38:ea:a7:92:ef:e5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 100093 bytes 52354831 (49.9 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 25321 bytes 15791341 (15.0 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 device memory 0xf7d00000-f7e00000 br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.31.99.226 netmask 255.255.252.0 broadcast 10.31.99.255 inet6 fe80::3aea:a7ff:fe92:efe5 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 38:ea:a7:92:ef:e5 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 19619 bytes 1963328 (1.8 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 11 bytes 1074 (1.0 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 Relevant section from /etc/libvirt/qemu/foo.xml (one of the VMs with this problem): <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:26:22:9d'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> # ps -ef | grep qemu qemu 1491 1 82 13:25 ? 00:42:09 /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 -machine accel=kvm -name cuda-linux64-build5 -S -machine pc-0.13,accel=kvm,usb=off -cpu SandyBridge,+pdpe1gb,+osxsave,+dca,+pcid,+pdcm,+xtpr,+tm2,+est,+smx,+vmx,+ds_cpl,+monitor,+dtes64,+pbe,+tm,+ht,+ss,+acpi,+ds,+vme -m 16384 -smp 6,sockets=6,cores=1,threads=1 -uuid 6e930234-bdfd-044d-2787-22d4bbbe30b1 -no-user-config -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/cuda-linux64-build5.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=localtime -no-shutdown -device piix3-usb-uhci,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1.0x2 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/cuda-linux64-build5.img,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0,format=raw,cache=writeback -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=off,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0,bootindex=1 -netdev tap,fd=25,id=hostnet0,vhost=on,vhostfd=26 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:26:22:9d,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -vnc 127.0.0.1:1 -vga cirrus -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5 I can provide additional information, if requested. thanks!

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  • Why my laptop sends ARP request to itself ?

    - by user58859
    I have just started to learn about protocols. While studying the packets in wireshark, I came across a ARP request sent by my machine to my own IP. Here is the details of the packet : No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info 15 1.463563 IntelCor_aa:aa:aa Broadcast ARP Who has 192.168.1.34? Tell 0.0.0.0 Frame 15: 42 bytes on wire (336 bits), 42 bytes captured (336 bits) Arrival Time: Jan 7, 2011 18:51:43.886089000 India Standard Time Epoch Time: 1294406503.886089000 seconds [Time delta from previous captured frame: 0.123389000 seconds] [Time delta from previous displayed frame: 0.123389000 seconds] [Time since reference or first frame: 1.463563000 seconds] Frame Number: 15 Frame Length: 42 bytes (336 bits) Capture Length: 42 bytes (336 bits) [Frame is marked: False] [Frame is ignored: False] [Protocols in frame: eth:arp] [Coloring Rule Name: ARP] [Coloring Rule String: arp] Ethernet II, Src: IntelCor_aa:aa:aa (aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa), Dst: Broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) Destination: Broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) Address: Broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) .... ...1 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Group address (multicast/broadcast) .... ..1. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Locally administered address (this is NOT the factory default) Source: IntelCor_aa:aa:aa (aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa) Address: IntelCor_aa:aa:aa (aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa) .... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast) .... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default) Type: ARP (0x0806) Address Resolution Protocol (request) Hardware type: Ethernet (0x0001) Protocol type: IP (0x0800) Hardware size: 6 Protocol size: 4 Opcode: request (0x0001) [Is gratuitous: False] Sender MAC address: IntelCor_aa:aa:aa (aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa) Sender IP address: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) Target MAC address: 00:00:00_00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00) Target IP address: 192.168.1.34 (192.168.1.34) Here the sender's mac address is mine(Here I have hiden my mac address). target IP is mine. Why my machine is sending ARP request to itself? I found 3 packets of this type. There was no ARP reply for these packets. Can anybody explain me why it is? (My operating system is windows-7. I am directly connected to a wifi modem. I got these packets as soon as I started my connection.) I want one suggestion also. many places I read that RFC's are enough for study about protocols. I studied the RFC 826 on ARP. I personally feel that is not enough at all. Any suggestion regarding this? Is there more then 1 RFC for a protocol? I want to study about the protocols in very detail. Can anybody guide me for this? Thanks in advance.

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  • Load balancing with multiple gateways

    - by ttouch
    I have to different ISPs, each on each own network. The main connects via ethernet and the secondary via wifi. The two networks have no relation at all. I just connect to them simultaneously. The reason I want to load balance between them is to achieve higher Internet speeds. Note: I have no advanced network hardware. Just my pc and the two routers that I have no access... main network: if: eth0 gw: 192.168.178.1 my ip: 192.168.178.95 speed: 400 kbit/s secondary network: if: wlan0 gw: 192.168.1.1 my ip: 192.168.1.95 speed: 300 kbit/s A diagram to explain the situation: http://i.imgur.com/NZdsv.jpg I'm on Arch Linux x64. I use netcfg to configure the interfaces Configs: # /etc/network.d/main CONNECTION='ethernet' DESCRIPTION='A basic static ethernet connection using iproute' INTERFACE='eth0' IP='static' ADDR='192.168.178.95' # /etc/network.d/second CONNECTION='wireless' DESCRIPTION='A simple WEP encrypted wireless connection' INTERFACE='wlan0' SECURITY='wep' ESSID='wifi_essid' KEY='the_password' IP="static" ADDR='192.168.1.95' And I use iptables to load balance, rules: #!/bin/bash /usr/sbin/ip route flush table ISP1 2>/dev/null /usr/sbin/ip rule del fwmark 101 table ISP1 2>/dev/null /usr/sbin/ip route add table ISP1 192.168.178.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.178.95 metric 202 /usr/sbin/ip route add table ISP1 default via 192.168.178.1 dev eth0 /usr/sbin/ip rule add fwmark 101 table ISP1 /usr/sbin/ip route flush table ISP2 2>/dev/null /usr/sbin/ip rule del fwmark 102 table ISP2 2>/dev/null /usr/sbin/ip route add table ISP2 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.95 metric 202 /usr/sbin/ip route add table ISP2 default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 /usr/sbin/ip rule add fwmark 102 table ISP2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -F /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -X /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -N MARK-gw1 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw1 -m comment --comment 'send via 192.168.178.1' -j MARK --set-mark 101 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw1 -j CONNMARK --save-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw1 -j RETURN /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -N MARK-gw2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw2 -m comment --comment 'send via 192.168.1.1' -j MARK --set-mark 102 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw2 -j CONNMARK --save-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A MARK-gw2 -j RETURN /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j CONNMARK --restore-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m comment --comment "this stream is already marked; escape early" -m mark ! --mark 0 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m comment --comment 'prevent asynchronous routing' -i eth0 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j MARK-gw1 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -m comment --comment 'prevent asynchronous routing' -i wlan0 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j MARK-gw2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -N DEF_POL /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'default balancing' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j CONNMARK --restore-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'default balancing' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j CONNMARK --restore-mark /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw1 tcp' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 0 -j MARK-gw1 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw1 tcp' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 0 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw2 tcp' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 1 -j MARK-gw2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw2 tcp' -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 1 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw1 udp' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 0 -j MARK-gw1 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw1 udp' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 0 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw2 udp' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 1 -j MARK-gw2 /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A DEF_POL -m comment --comment 'balance gw2 udp' -p udp -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m statistic --mode nth --every 2 --packet 1 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j DEF_POL /usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -m comment --comment 'snat outbound eth0' -o eth0 -s 192.168.0.0/16 -m mark --mark 101 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.178.95 /usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -m comment --comment 'snat outbound wlan0' -o wlan0 -s 192.168.0.0/16 -m mark --mark 102 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.1.95 /usr/sbin/ip route flush cache (this script was made by fukawi2, I don't know how to use iptables) but I have no Internet connection... output of iptables -t mangle -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1254K packets, 1519M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1278K 1535M CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 CONNMARK restore 21532 15M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* this stream is already marked; escape early */ mark match ! 0x0 582 72579 MARK-gw1 all -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* prevent asynchronous routing */ ctstate NEW 2376 696K MARK-gw2 all -- wlan0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* prevent asynchronous routing */ ctstate NEW 1257K 1520M DEF_POL all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 1276K packets, 1535M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 870K packets, 97M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 870K packets, 97M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain DEF_POL (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1236K 1517M CONNMARK tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* default balancing */ ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED CONNMARK restore 15163 2041K CONNMARK udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* default balancing */ ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED CONNMARK restore 555 33176 MARK-gw1 tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw1 tcp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 555 33176 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw1 tcp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 277 16516 MARK-gw2 tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw2 tcp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 packet 1 277 16516 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw2 tcp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 packet 1 1442 384K MARK-gw1 udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw1 udp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 1442 384K ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw1 udp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 720 189K MARK-gw2 udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw2 udp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 packet 1 720 189K ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* balance gw2 udp */ ctstate NEW statistic mode nth every 2 packet 1 Chain MARK-gw1 (3 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 2579 490K MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* send via 192.168.178.1 */ MARK set 0x65 2579 490K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 CONNMARK save 2579 490K RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain MARK-gw2 (3 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 3373 901K MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 /* send via 192.168.1.1 */ MARK set 0x66 3373 901K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 CONNMARK save 3373 901K RETURN all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0

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  • Email Verification plugin for rails?

    - by Larry K
    Hi, I'd like to verify a user's email address by sending them a verify-email-message. Do you know of a good Rails plugin that they've used or seen? Since I didn't see anything good via Google, at this point, my thought is: Add a verified boolean field to the user model. Default false. After user is added (unverified), combine email with a salt (a secret), and create the sha1 hash of the email/salt combo. The result is the verification. Send a welcoming / verification email to the user. Email includes a url that has the email address and verification as GET args to a verify action on my server. The verify action recomputes the verification using the supplied email and checks that the new verification matches the one in the url. If it does, then the User rec for the email is marked 'verified' Also will provide action to re-send the verification email. Any comments on the above? Thanks, Larry

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  • JSON, Ajax login and signup form problem, critique

    - by user552828
    Here is my problem; indexdeneme2.php has two forms Sign up and Login form, and there is validation.js and login.js which are handling the AJAX and JSON response, there are validate.php and login.php which are my scripts for validating and login. When you sign up, it sends the data to validate.php perfectly and validate.php response with JSON perfectly, validate.js must show the error in #error div. validation.js works perfectly if it is working alone. I use same kind of script for login form. Login.php also works perfectly it responses with JSON and login.js shows the errors are appear in #errorlogin div. But this works when login.js works alone. When I try to work login.js and validate.js together, it is not working. validate.php and login.php works perfectly but login.js and validation.js are not working together. They can't handle the responses coming from php scripts. It is not showing the errors in #errorlogin and #error div. They intercept each other I guess. By the way if you can critique my login.php and validate.php I will be really appreciated. Thank you all. this is indexdeneme2.php <?php include('functions.php')?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Untitled Document</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/cssdeneme1.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.3.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="validation.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="login.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var RecaptchaOptions = { theme : 'custom', custom_theme_widget: 'recaptcha_widget' }; </script> </head> <body onload="document.signup.reset()"> <div id="topbar"> <div class="wrapper"> </div> </div> <div id="middlebar"> <div class="wrapper"> <div id="middleleft"> <div id="mainformsecondcover"> <div id="mainform"> <div id="formhead"> <div id="signup">Sign Up</div> </div> <form method="post" action="validate.php" id="myform" name="signup"> <div id="form"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="formlabel"> <label for="name">First Name:</label> </td> <td class="forminput"> <input type="text" name="name" id="name" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="formlabel"> <label for="lastname">Last Name:</label> </td> <td class="forminput"> <input type="text" name="surname" id="lastname" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="formlabel"> <label for="email">Email:</label> </td> <td class="forminput"> <input type="text" name="email" id="email" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="formlabel"> <label for="remail">Re-Enter Email:</label> </td> <td class="forminput"> <input type="text" name="remail" id="remail" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="formlabel"> <label for="password">Password:</label> </td> <td class="forminput"> <input type="password" name="password" id="password" maxlength="16" /> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="formlabel"> <label for="gender">I am:</label> </td> <td class="forminput"> <select name="gender" id="gender"> <option value="0" selected="selected">-Select Sex-</option> <option value="1">Male</option> <option value="2">Female</option> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="formlabel"> <label>My Birthday:</label> </td> <td class="forminput"> <select size="1" name="day"> <option value="0" selected="selected">Day</option> <?php formDay(); ?> </select>&nbsp; <select size="1" name="month"> <option value="0" selected="selected">Month</option> <option value="1">January</option> <option value="2">February</option> <option value="3">March</option> <option value="4">April</option> <option value="5">May</option> <option value="6">June</option> <option value="7">July</option> <option value="8">August</option> <option value="9">September</option> <option value="10">October</option> <option value="11">November</option> <option value="12">December</option> </select>&nbsp; <select size="1" name="year"> <option value="0" selected="selected">Year</option> <?php formYear(); ?> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="formlabel"> <label for="recaptcha_response_field">Security Check:</label> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <?php require_once('captchalib.php'); ?> </div> <div id="formbottom"> <div id="error"> </div> <div id="formbottomright"> <input type="submit" id="formbutton" value="Sign Up" /> <img id="loading" src="css/images/ajax-loader.gif" height="35" width="35" alt="Processing.." style="float:right; display:block" /> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="middleright"> <div id="loginform"> <form name="login" action="login.php" method="post" id="login"> <label for="username">Email:</label> <input type="text" name="emaillogin" /> <label for="password">Password:</label> <input type="password" name="passwordlogin" maxlength="16" /> <input type="submit" value="Login" /> <img id="loading2" src="css/images/ajax-loader.gif" height="35" width="35" alt="Processing.." style="float:right; display:block" /> </form> </div> <div id="errorlogin"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bottombar"> <div class="wrapper"></div> </div> </body> </html> validation.js $(document).ready(function(){ $('#myform').submit(function(e) { register(); e.preventDefault(); }); }); function register() { hideshow('loading',1); error(0); $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "validate.php", data: $('#myform').serialize(), dataType: "json", success: function(msg){ if(parseInt(msg.status)==1) { window.location=msg.txt; } else if(parseInt(msg.status)==0) { error(1,msg.txt); Recaptcha.reload(); } hideshow('loading',0); } }); } function hideshow(el,act) { if(act) $('#'+el).css('visibility','visible'); else $('#'+el).css('visibility','hidden'); } function error(act,txt) { hideshow('error',act); if(txt) $('#error').html(txt); } login.js $(document).ready(function(){ $('#login').submit(function(e) { login(); e.preventDefault(); }); }); function login() { error(2); $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "login.php", data: $('#login').serialize(), dataType: "json", success: function(msg){ if(parseInt(msg.status)==3) { window.location=msg.txt; } else if(parseInt(msg.status)==2) { error(3,msg.txt); } } }); } function error(act,txt) { hideshow('error',act); if(txt) $('#errorlogin').html(txt); } login.php <?php session_start(); require("connect.php"); $email = $_POST['emaillogin']; $password = $_POST['passwordlogin']; $email = mysql_real_escape_string($email); $password = mysql_real_escape_string($password); if(empty($email)) { die('{status:2,txt:"Enter your email address."}'); } if(!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { die('{status:2,txt:"Invalid email or password"}'); } if(empty($password)) { die('{status:2,txt:"Enter your password."}'); } if(strlen($password)<6 || strlen($password)>16) { die('{status:2,txt:"Invalid email or password"}'); } $query = "SELECT password, salt FROM users WHERE Email = '$email';"; $result = mysql_query($query); if(mysql_num_rows($result) < 1) //no such user exists { die('{status:2,txt:"Invalid email or password"}'); } $userData = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC); $hash = hash('sha256', $userData['salt'] . hash('sha256', $password) ); if($hash != $userData['password']) //incorrect password { die('{status:2,txt:"Invalid email or password"}'); } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// if('{status:3}') { session_regenerate_id (); //this is a security measure $getMemDetails = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE Email = '$email'"; $link = mysql_query($getMemDetails); $member = mysql_fetch_row($link); $_SESSION['valid'] = 1; $_SESSION['userid'] = $member[0]; $_SESSION['name'] = $member[1]; session_write_close(); mysql_close($con); echo '{status:3,txt:"success.php"}'; } validate.php <?php $name = $_POST['name']; $surname = $_POST['surname']; $email = $_POST['email']; $remail = $_POST['remail']; $gender = $_POST['gender']; $bdate = $_POST['year'].'-'.$_POST['month'].'-'.$_POST['day']; $bday = $_POST['day']; $bmon = $_POST['month']; $byear = $_POST['year']; $cdate = date("Y-n-j"); $password = $_POST['password']; $hash = hash('sha256', $password); $regdate = date("Y-m-d"); function createSalt() { $string = md5(uniqid(rand(), true)); return substr($string, 0, 3); } $salt = createSalt(); $hash = hash('sha256', $salt . $hash); if(empty($name) || empty($surname) || empty($email) || empty($remail) || empty($password) ) { die('{status:0,txt:"All the fields are required"}'); } if(!preg_match('/^[A-Za-z\s ]+$/', $name)) { die('{status:0,txt:"Please check your name"}'); } if(!preg_match('/^[A-Za-z\s ]+$/', $surname)) { die('{status:0,txt:"Please check your last name"}'); } if($bdate > $cdate) { die('{status:0,txt:"Please check your birthday"}'); } if(!(int)$gender) { die('{status:0,txt:"You have to select your sex"}'); } if(!(int)$bday || !(int)$bmon || !(int)$byear) { die('{status:0,txt:"You have to fill in your birthday"}'); } if(!$email == $remail) { die('{status:0,txt:"Emails doesn&sbquo;t match"}'); } if(!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { die('{status:0,txt:"Enter a valid email"}'); } if(strlen($password)<6 || strlen($password)>16) { die('{status:0,txt:"Password must be between 6-16 characters"}'); } if (!$_POST["recaptcha_challenge_field"]===$_POST["recaptcha_response_field"]) { die('{status:0,txt:"You entered incorrect security code"}'); } if('{status:1}') { require("connect.php"); function getRealIpAddr() { if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) { $ip=$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']; } elseif (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) { $ip=$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']; } else { $ip=$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; } return $ip; } $rip = getRealIpAddr(); $ipn = inet_pton($rip); $checkuser = mysql_query("SELECT Email FROM users WHERE Email = '$email'"); $username_exist = mysql_num_rows($checkuser); if ( $username_exist !== 0 ) { mysql_close($con); die('{status:0,txt:"This email Address is already registered!"}'); } else { $query = "INSERT INTO users (name, surname, date, Email, Gender, password, salt, RegistrationDate, IP) VALUES ('$name', '$surname', '$bdate', '$email', '$gender', '$hash', '$salt', '$cdate', '$ipn')"; $link = mysql_query($query); if(!$link) { die('Becerilemedi: ' . mysql_error()); } else { mysql_close($con); echo '{status:1,txt:"afterreg.php"}'; } } } ?> css of indexdeneme2.php * { padding:0; margin:0; } #topbar { width:100%; height:50px; } .wrapper { margin:0 auto; width:1000px; height:100%; } #middlebar { width:100%; height:650px; } #middleleft { width:55%; float:left; height:650px; } #middleright { width:45%; float:right; height:650px; } #mainformsecondcover { width:404px; padding:0px; margin:0px; border:4px solid #59B; border-radius: 14px; -moz-border-radius: 14px; -webkit-border-radius: 14px; } #mainform { width:400px; border:2px solid #CCC; border-radius: 11px; -moz-border-radius: 11px; -webkit-border-radius: 11px; } #formhead { margin:7px; } #signup { margin-top:13px; margin-left:13px; margin-bottom:3px; color:#333; font-size:18px; font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; font-weight:bold } #form { margin:7px; } #form table { margin:0px; width:380px; } #form table tr{ height:28px; } #form table td{ height:18px; } .formlabel { cursor:pointer; display:table-cell; text-align:right; font-size:12px; color:#000; font-weight:normal; vertical-align:middle; font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; letter-spacing:1px; width:120px; height:37px; padding-right:5px; } .formlabel label{ cursor:pointer } .forminput input { width:240px; font-size:13px; padding:4px; } #recaptcha_image { width:300px; height:57px; border:2px solid #CCC; } #recaptcha_widget { margin-left:35px; } #securityinfo { font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; } #formbottom { width:360px; min-height:45px; } #error { float:left; width:200px; border:1px solid #F00; margin-left:20px; margin-top:7px; text-align:center; color:#F00; font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; font-size:11px; line-height:16px; padding:2px; visibility:hidden; } #errorlogin { float:left; width:200px; border:1px solid #F00; margin-left:20px; margin-top:7px; text-align:center; color:#F00; font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; font-size:11px; line-height:16px; padding:2px; visibility:hidden; } #formbottomright { float:right; height:45px; width:115px; margin-left:5px; } #loading { visibility:hidden; } #loading2 { visibility:hidden; } #formbutton { display:block; font-size:14px; color:#FFF; background: #0b85c6; /* Old browsers */ background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #0b85c6 0%, #59b 100%); /* FF3.6+ */ background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#0b85c6), color-stop(100%,#59b)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */ background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #0b85c6 0%,#59b 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */ background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #0b85c6 0%,#59b 100%); /* Opera11.10+ */ background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #0b85c6 0%,#59b 100%); /* IE10+ */ filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#0B85C6', endColorstr='#59B',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */ background: linear-gradient(top, #0b85c6 0%,#59b 100%); /* W3C */ font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; height:26px; width:60px; margin:7px; text-align:center; padding-bottom:4px; padding-left:4px; padding-right:4px; float:left; margin-right:5px; } #bottombar { width:100%; height:50px; } {}

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  • Retrieving related data in the Symfony Admin Generator

    - by bjoern
    I have a problem with the Admin Generator. The Table of Pages have the column sf_guard_user_id. The rest of the table looks as this part of the generator.yml in the line display, list: title: Pages display: [=title, sfGuardUser, views, state, privacy, created_at, updated_at] sort: [created_at, desc] fields: sfGuardUser: { label: Author } created_at: { label: Published, date_format: dd.MM.y } updated_at: { label: Updated, date_format: dd.MM.y } table_method: retrieveUserList Now the sf_guard_user_id is been replaced and the username ist displayed. Don't get me wrong, that works fine. But how can I get other variables from the sfGuarsUser relation? When I only add salt or another variable to display I get this, Unknown record property / related component "salt" on "simplePage" But why?

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  • Named Blueprints with factory_girl

    - by Jason Nerer
    I am using Factory Girl but like the machinist syntax. So I wonder, if there is any way creating a named blueprint for class, so that I can have something like that: User.blueprint(:no_discount_user) do admin false hashed_password "226bc1eca359a09f5f1b96e26efeb4bb1aeae383" is_trader false name "foolish" salt "21746899800.223524289203464" end User.blueprint(:discount_user) do admin false hashed_password "226bc1eca359a09f5f1b96e26efeb4bb1aeae383" is_trader true name "deadbeef" salt "21746899800.223524289203464" discount_rate { DiscountRate.make(:rate => 20.00) } end DiscountRate.blueprint do rate {10} not_before ... not_after ... end Is there a way making factory_girl with machinist syntax acting like that? I did not find one. Help appreciated. Thx in advance Jason

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  • How can * be a safe hashed password?

    - by Exception e
    phpass is a widely used hashing 'framework'. While evaluating phpass' HashPassword I came across this odd method fragment. function HashPassword($password) { // <snip> trying to generate a hash… # Returning '*' on error is safe here, but would _not_ be safe # in a crypt(3)-like function used _both_ for generating new # hashes and for validating passwords against existing hashes. return '*'; } This is the complete phpsalt class: # Portable PHP password hashing framework. # # Version 0.2 / genuine. # # Written by Solar Designer <solar at openwall.com> in 2004-2006 and placed in # the public domain. # # # class PasswordHash { var $itoa64; var $iteration_count_log2; var $portable_hashes; var $random_state; function PasswordHash($iteration_count_log2, $portable_hashes) { $this->itoa64 = './0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'; if ($iteration_count_log2 < 4 || $iteration_count_log2 > 31) $iteration_count_log2 = 8; $this->iteration_count_log2 = $iteration_count_log2; $this->portable_hashes = $portable_hashes; $this->random_state = microtime() . getmypid(); } function get_random_bytes($count) { $output = ''; if (is_readable('/dev/urandom') && ($fh = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb'))) { $output = fread($fh, $count); fclose($fh); } if (strlen($output) < $count) { $output = ''; for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i += 16) { $this->random_state = md5(microtime() . $this->random_state); $output .= pack('H*', md5($this->random_state)); } $output = substr($output, 0, $count); } return $output; } function encode64($input, $count) { $output = ''; $i = 0; do { $value = ord($input[$i++]); $output .= $this->itoa64[$value & 0x3f]; if ($i < $count) $value |= ord($input[$i]) << 8; $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 6) & 0x3f]; if ($i++ >= $count) break; if ($i < $count) $value |= ord($input[$i]) << 16; $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 12) & 0x3f]; if ($i++ >= $count) break; $output .= $this->itoa64[($value >> 18) & 0x3f]; } while ($i < $count); return $output; } function gensalt_private($input) { $output = '$P$'; $output .= $this->itoa64[min($this->iteration_count_log2 + ((PHP_VERSION >= '5') ? 5 : 3), 30)]; $output .= $this->encode64($input, 6); return $output; } function crypt_private($password, $setting) { $output = '*0'; if (substr($setting, 0, 2) == $output) $output = '*1'; if (substr($setting, 0, 3) != '$P$') return $output; $count_log2 = strpos($this->itoa64, $setting[3]); if ($count_log2 < 7 || $count_log2 > 30) return $output; $count = 1 << $count_log2; $salt = substr($setting, 4, 8); if (strlen($salt) != 8) return $output; # We're kind of forced to use MD5 here since it's the only # cryptographic primitive available in all versions of PHP # currently in use. To implement our own low-level crypto # in PHP would result in much worse performance and # consequently in lower iteration counts and hashes that are # quicker to crack (by non-PHP code). if (PHP_VERSION >= '5') { $hash = md5($salt . $password, TRUE); do { $hash = md5($hash . $password, TRUE); } while (--$count); } else { $hash = pack('H*', md5($salt . $password)); do { $hash = pack('H*', md5($hash . $password)); } while (--$count); } $output = substr($setting, 0, 12); $output .= $this->encode64($hash, 16); return $output; } function gensalt_extended($input) { $count_log2 = min($this->iteration_count_log2 + 8, 24); # This should be odd to not reveal weak DES keys, and the # maximum valid value is (2**24 - 1) which is odd anyway. $count = (1 << $count_log2) - 1; $output = '_'; $output .= $this->itoa64[$count & 0x3f]; $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 6) & 0x3f]; $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 12) & 0x3f]; $output .= $this->itoa64[($count >> 18) & 0x3f]; $output .= $this->encode64($input, 3); return $output; } function gensalt_blowfish($input) { # This one needs to use a different order of characters and a # different encoding scheme from the one in encode64() above. # We care because the last character in our encoded string will # only represent 2 bits. While two known implementations of # bcrypt will happily accept and correct a salt string which # has the 4 unused bits set to non-zero, we do not want to take # chances and we also do not want to waste an additional byte # of entropy. $itoa64 = './ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'; $output = '$2a$'; $output .= chr(ord('0') + $this->iteration_count_log2 / 10); $output .= chr(ord('0') + $this->iteration_count_log2 % 10); $output .= '$'; $i = 0; do { $c1 = ord($input[$i++]); $output .= $itoa64[$c1 >> 2]; $c1 = ($c1 & 0x03) << 4; if ($i >= 16) { $output .= $itoa64[$c1]; break; } $c2 = ord($input[$i++]); $c1 |= $c2 >> 4; $output .= $itoa64[$c1]; $c1 = ($c2 & 0x0f) << 2; $c2 = ord($input[$i++]); $c1 |= $c2 >> 6; $output .= $itoa64[$c1]; $output .= $itoa64[$c2 & 0x3f]; } while (1); return $output; } function HashPassword($password) { $random = ''; if (CRYPT_BLOWFISH == 1 && !$this->portable_hashes) { $random = $this->get_random_bytes(16); $hash = crypt($password, $this->gensalt_blowfish($random)); if (strlen($hash) == 60) return $hash; } if (CRYPT_EXT_DES == 1 && !$this->portable_hashes) { if (strlen($random) < 3) $random = $this->get_random_bytes(3); $hash = crypt($password, $this->gensalt_extended($random)); if (strlen($hash) == 20) return $hash; } if (strlen($random) < 6) $random = $this->get_random_bytes(6); $hash = $this->crypt_private($password, $this->gensalt_private($random)); if (strlen($hash) == 34) return $hash; # Returning '*' on error is safe here, but would _not_ be safe # in a crypt(3)-like function used _both_ for generating new # hashes and for validating passwords against existing hashes. return '*'; } function CheckPassword($password, $stored_hash) { $hash = $this->crypt_private($password, $stored_hash); if ($hash[0] == '*') $hash = crypt($password, $stored_hash); return $hash == $stored_hash; } }

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  • Server authorization with MD5 and SQL.

    - by Charles
    I currently have a SQL database of passwords stored in MD5. The server needs to generate a unique key, then sends to the client. In the client, it will use the key as a salt then hash together with the password and send back to the server. The only problem is that the the SQL DB has the passwords in MD5 already. Therefore for this to work, I would have to MD5 the password client side, then MD5 it again with the salt. Am I doing this wrong, because it doesn't seem like a proper solution. Any information is appreciated.

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  • Invalid character in a Base-64 string

    - by swetha
    I am getting this error when I am validating the user with sql membership provider this.provider.ValidateUser(userName, password); the password i have used is "freetrial". I tried trimming the spaces but still no luck!!! and the call stack is as follows: [FormatException: Invalid character in a Base-64 string.] System.Convert.FromBase64String(String s) +0 System.Web.Security.MembershipProvider.EncodePassword(String pass, Int32 passwordFormat, String salt) +54 System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider.CheckPassword(String username, String password, Boolean updateLastLoginActivityDate, Boolean failIfNotApproved, String& salt, Int32& passwordFormat) +169 System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider.CheckPassword(String username, String password, Boolean updateLastLoginActivityDate, Boolean failIfNotApproved) +42 System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider.ValidateUser(String username, String password) +78

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  • Static struct in C++

    - by pingvinus
    Hi, I want to define an structure, where some math constants would be stored. Here what I've got now: struct consts { //salt density kg/m3 static const double gamma; }; const double consts::gamma = 2350; It works fine, but there would be more than 10 floating point constants, so I doesn't want to wrote 'static const' before each of them. And define something like that: static const struct consts { //salt density kg/m3 double gamma; }; const double consts::gamma = 2350; It look fine, but I got these errors: 1. member function redeclaration not allowed 2. a nonstatic data member may not be defined outside its class I wondering if there any C++ way to do it?

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  • node.js with SQL Server Native Client 11 scope_identity not being returned

    - by binderbound
    I'm having trouble with inserting a value into a database through node.js. Here is the offending code: sql.query(conn_str ,"INSERT INTO Login(email, hash, salt, firstName, lastName) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?); SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS 'Identity';" , [email, hash, salt, firstName, lastName], function(err, results){ console.log(results) } Unfortunately, the console is just echoing [], meaning results is an empty array, I suppose. Does anyone know why the identity is not being returned? Even if it was null, why isn't results then [{Identity: null }] ? Database is on Azure, which does have a "Scope_Identity" function, and the native client also recognises this function. Using node package "msnodesql" Please Help

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  • Copying blocks (ie: copying them to instance variables) in Objective-C

    - by RyanWilcox
    I'm trying to understand blocks. I get how to use them normally, when passed directly to a method. I'm interested now in taking a block, storing it (say) in an instance variable and calling it later. The blocks programming guide makes it sound like I can do this, by using Block_copy / retain to copy the block away, but when I try to run it I crash my program. - (void) setupStoredBlock { int salt = 42; m_storedBlock = ^(int incoming){ return 2 + incoming + salt; }; [m_storedBlock retain]; } I try to call it later: - (void) runStoredBlock { int outputValue = m_storedBlock(5); NSLog(@"When we ran our stored blockwe got back: %d", outputValue); [m_storedBlock release]; } Anyone have any insights? (Or, is there something I'm not getting with blocks?) Thank you very much!

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  • Find and replace numbers in string with regex

    - by James
    What I'm trying to achieve is to replace the numbers in the string with a new values calculated from the (match * int). So the string input looks like: 500g Flour 14g Salt 7g Dry yeast 45ml Olive oil 309ml Water And the result should look like this: 1000g Flour 14g Salt 14g Dry yeast 90ml Olive oil 618 ml Water row["ingredients"] is a DataRow. This is where I'm at: System.Text.RegularExpressions. Regex.Replace(row["ingredients"].ToString(), @"[^/d]", Delegate(Match match) { return match * 2; }, RegexOptions.Multiline); Any solution is greatly appreciated.

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  • Is MD5 really that bad?

    - by Col. Shrapnel
    Everyone says that MD5 is "broken". Though I have never seen a code that can show it's weakness. So, I hope someone of local experts can prove it with simple test. I have an MD5 hash c1e877411f5cb44d10ece283a37e1668 And a simple code to produce it $salt="#bh35^&Res%"; $pass="***"; echo $hash=md5($salt.$pass); So, the question is: 1. Is MD% really that bad? 2. If so, what's the pass behind the asterisks?

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  • Spring @Value annotation not using defaults when property is not present

    - by garyj
    Hi All I am trying to use @Value annotation in the parameters of a constructor as follows: @Autowired public StringEncryptor( @Value("${encryptor.password:\"\"}") String password, @Value("${encryptor.algorithm:\"PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES\"}") String algorithm, @Value("${encryptor.poolSize:10}") Integer poolSize, @Value("${encryptor.salt:\"\"}") String salt) { ... } When the properties file is present on the classpath, the properties are loaded perfectly and the test executes fine. However when I remove the properties file from the classpath, I would have expected that the default values would have been used, for example poolSize would be set to 10 or algorithm to PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES however this is not the case. Running the code through a debugger (which would only work after changing @Value("${encryptor.poolSize:10}") Integer poolSize to @Value("${encryptor.poolSize:10}") String poolSize as it was causing NumberFormatExceptions) I find that the defaults are not being set and the parameters are in the form of: poolSize = ${encryptor.poolSize:10} or algorithm = ${encryptor.algorithm:"PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES"} rather than the expected poolSize = 10 or algorithm = "PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES" Based on SPR-4785 the notation such as ${my.property:myDefaultValue} should work. Yet it's not happening for me! Thank you

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  • password/login system in php

    - by Jonathan
    For a login system in php would this be a suitable outline of how it would work: users types in username and password, clicks login button. Checks if user exists in database, if it does, then retrieve the salt for that user hash the password and salt (would this be done on the client or server side? I think client side would be better, but php is server side so how would you do this?) check value against value in database, if the values match then user has typed in correct password and they are logged in.

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