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  • How does array class work in Java?

    - by oks16
    In Java, array is a class and extends Object. I am curious to know about this special array class. I don't find the class definition anywhere. Doing a getClass().getName() gives strange result. String[] array = new String[]{"one","two"}; System.out.println(array.getClass().getName()); // prints [Ljava.lang.String; I want to understand how array works under the hood. Is the array class definition hardcoded in the JVM? Any resources, books, links on this will be helpful. Thank you.

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  • Correct expression for checking leap years

    - by Debanjan
    What will be the exact definition of leap year? AFAIK "A year which is divisible by 4 is a leap year. But for century years' the years which are divisible by 400 is a leap year." But that definition makes 100, 200, 300, 400.... upto 1700 NOT LEAP years! But in Gregorian calendar all of them are all leap year, check this out. You can also try "call 1700" in Linux to verify. So the correct algorithm for leap years would be: if ( (year % 4 == 0) && ( year <= 1700 || year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0 )) printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year); else printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year); But is this specific to Gregorian calendar? Even if that is the case why is it not mentioned here? Regards, PS:The history of Gregorian callender seems interesting check out the September month of 1752.

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  • Orverride Problem for Custom Design on Product - Magneto

    - by Chris
    I am running several sites in several different languages off of single instance of magneto. There are two main styles Site 1 Site 2 Each site has some cusomtimizations based on language So each shop view has an some templates defined Site 2 - DE Site 2 - UK Now the problem is that when I apply a product level design, it forget's about the language level definition and skips back to the main definition. I want it to work like this Site 2 Site 2 DE Product Style But Instead it seems to work like this Site 2 Site 2 DE Product Style Where Site 2 DE is not ignored because a custom product style has been defined. How can I get the first hierarchy to work? So that my product styles do not override the language styles completely.

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  • Form Submitting Incorrect Information to MySQL Database

    - by ThatMacLad
    I've created a form that submits data to a MySQL database but the Date, Time, Year and Month fields constantly revert to the exact same date (1st January 1970) despite the fact that when I submit the information to the database the form displays the current date, time etc to me. I've already set it so that the time and date fields automatically display the current time and date. Could someone please help me with this. Form: <html> <head> <title>Blog | New Post</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/newposts.css" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <div class="new-form"> <div class="header"> <a href="edit.php"><img src="images/edit-home-button.png"></a> </div> <div class="form-bg"> <?php if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { $month = htmlspecialchars(strip_tags($_POST['month'])); $date = htmlspecialchars(strip_tags($_POST['date'])); $year = htmlspecialchars(strip_tags($_POST['year'])); $time = htmlspecialchars(strip_tags($_POST['time'])); $title = htmlspecialchars(strip_tags($_POST['title'])); $entry = $_POST['entry']; $timestamp = strtotime($month . " " . $date . " " . $year . " " . $time); $entry = nl2br($entry); if (!get_magic_quotes_gpc()) { $title = addslashes($title); $entry = addslashes($entry); } mysql_connect ('localhost', 'root', 'root') ; mysql_select_db ('tmlblog'); $sql = "INSERT INTO php_blog (timestamp,title,entry) VALUES ('$timestamp','$title','$entry')"; $result = mysql_query($sql) or print("Can't insert into table php_blog.<br />" . $sql . "<br />" . mysql_error()); if ($result != false) { print "<p class=\"success\">Your entry has successfully been entered into the blog. </p>"; } mysql_close(); } ?> <?php $current_month = date("F"); $current_date = date("d"); $current_year = date("Y"); $current_time = date("H:i"); ?> <form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>"> <input class="field" type="text" name="date" id="date" size="2" value="<?php echo $current_month; ?>" /> <input class="field" type="text" name="date" id="date" size="2" value="<?php echo $current_date; ?>" /> <input class="field" type="text" name="date" id="date" size="2" value="<?php echo $current_year; ?>" /> <input type="text" name="time" id="time" size="5"value="<?php echo $current_time; ?>" /> <input class="field2" type="text" id="title" value="Title Goes Here." name="title" size="40" /> <textarea class="textarea" cols="80" rows="20" name="entry" id="entry" class="field2"></textarea> <input class="field" type="submit" name="submit" id="submit" value="Submit"> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"></div> </body> </html>

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  • Why are Objective-C instance variables declared in an interface?

    - by Chase
    I'm just getting into Objective-C (Java is my primary OO language). Defining an object's instance variables in the interface instead of the class seems strange. I'm used to an interface being a public API definition with nothing besides method signatures (not counting constants here). Is there some reason that state is defined in an interface (even if it is private) and behaviour is defined in a class. It just seems odd that since objects are state+behavior that the definition would be split into two separate places. Is it a design benefit is some way? A pain in the rear issue that you are just forced to deal with in Objective-C? A non-issue, just different? Any background on why it's done this way? Or can you put object state in a class and I just haven't hit that part in my book yet?

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  • How can I implement a tail-recursive list append?

    - by martingw
    A simple append function like this (in F#): let rec app s t = match s with | [] -> t | (x::ss) -> x :: (app ss t) will crash when s becomes big, since the function is not tail recursive. I noticed that F#'s standard append function does not crash with big lists, so it must be implemented differently. So I wondered: How does a tail recursive definition of append look like? I came up with something like this: let rec comb s t = match s with | [] -> t | (x::ss) -> comb ss (x::t) let app2 s t = comb (List.rev s) t which works, but looks rather odd. Is there a more elegant definition?

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  • Pass a variable from javascript to php in the same session OnClickFunction

    - by MickyScion
    I was seeing through stackoverflow the solutions for this kind of problems but any of them are executing the code of javascript in the same session...please i want some help with this...i have this in my session <script> function show_alert() { var ProdAntes = document.getElementById("productoseleccionado").value; var CantAntes = document.getElementById("cantidadantes").value; var PrecAntes = document.getElementById("precioantes").value; var FecAntes = document.getElementById("fechaantes").value; var ProdAhora = document.getElementById("SoyaProductorProduccionProducto").value; var CantAhora = document.getElementById("SoyaProductorProduccionCantidadtm").value; var PrecAhora = document.getElementById("SoyaProductorProduccionPreciodolar").value; var FecAhora = document.getElementById("select_date").value; } </script> and in my html stuff i have this <?php echo $this->Form->create('SoyaProductorProduccion');?> <fieldset> <?php echo $this->Form->hidden('id', array('value' => $this->data['SoyaProductorProduccion']['id'])); echo $this->Form->input('operacion', array('type' => 'hidden', 'value'=>'Produccion')); //-------------------------------------------------------------- $productoseleccionado = $this->data['SoyaProductorProduccion']['producto']; echo $this->Form->input('productoseleccionado', array('type' => 'hidden','style'=>'width:500px; height:30px;','id' => 'productoseleccionado' , 'value' => $productoseleccionado)); echo $this->Form->input('producto', array( 'options' => array( $productoseleccionado => $productoseleccionado, 'Torta solvente de soya' => 'Torta solvente de soya', 'Torta solvente de girasol' => 'Torta solvente de girasol', 'Harina integral de soya' => 'Harina integral de soya', 'Harina de girasol' => 'Harina de girasol', 'Cascarilla de soya' => 'Cascarilla de soya', 'Cascarilla de girasol' => 'Cascarilla de girasol', 'Aceite de soya refinado' => 'Aceite de soya refinado', 'Aceite de soya crudo' => 'Aceite de soya crudo', 'Aceite de girasol refinado' => 'Aceite de girasol refinado', 'Aceite de girasol crudo' => 'Aceite de girasol crudo', ),'label'=>'Tipo de Producto' )); foreach ($soyacambiodolares as $soyacambiodolar): $dolar=$soyacambiodolar['SoyaCambioDolar']['cambio']; endforeach; echo $this->Form->input('cambio', array('type' => 'hidden','value' => $dolar)); //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- $cantidadantes = $this->data['SoyaProductorProduccion']['cantidadtm']; echo $this->Form->input('cantidadantes', array('type' => 'hidden','style'=>'width:500px; height:30px;', 'value' => $cantidadantes,'id' => 'cantidadantes')); echo $this->Form->input('cantidadtm', array('label' => 'Cantidad en tonelada(s) métrica(s) del producto (TM)','style'=>'width:500px; height:30px;')); //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- $precioantes = $this->data['SoyaProductorProduccion']['preciodolar']; echo $this->Form->input('precioantes', array('type' => 'hidden','style'=>'width:500px; height:30px;', 'value' => $precioantes,'id' => 'precioantes')); echo $this->Form->input('preciodolar', array('label' => 'Precio en Dolares Americanos por tonelada métrica (TM / $us)','style'=>'width:500px; height:30px;')); //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?> <table style="width: 600px"> <tr> <td > <?php //---------------------------------------------------------------- $fechaantes = $this->data['SoyaProductorProduccion']['fecharegistro']; echo $this->Form->input('fechaantes', array('type' => 'hidden','style'=>'width:500px; height:30px;', 'value' => $fechaantes, 'id' => 'fechaantes')); //---------------------------------------------------------------- echo $this->Form->input("fecharegistro", array( 'label' => '<strong>Periodo al que corresponde la declaración</strong>', 'type' => 'text', 'style' => 'width: 110px', 'class' => 'fl tal vat w300p', 'error' => false , 'id' => 'select_date')); ?> <?php echo $this->Html->div('datepicker_img w100p fl pl460p pa', $this->Html->image('datepicker_calendar_icon.gif'),array('id' => 'datepicker_img')); ?> <?php echo $this->Html->div('datepicker fl pl460p pa', ' ' ,array('id' => 'datepicker')); ?> </td> </tr> </table> <?php echo $this->Form->submit('Modificar Existencia', array('class' => 'form-submit', 'title' => 'Presione aqui para agregar datos', 'onclick' => 'return show_alert();')); ?> </fieldset> <?php echo $this->Form->end(); ?> my function is ok but i want these: when i click the submit button i want to compare wich field had been changed, and i want to create a chain of detailed changes like "change in the field 1, change in the fiel 2.--" and so on...and this has to be saved in my database so i have to pass to a variable in my php before saving...thanks!

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  • Get recursive data with sql server

    - by user228777
    I am trying to get recursive data. Following code returns all parents on the top and then the children. I would like to get data Parent 1 – his children then parent 2 - his children then parent3 – his children. How do I do this? USE Subscriber GO WITH Parent (ParentId, Id, Name,subscriberID) AS ( -- Anchor member definition SELECT A.ParentId,A.id, A.name,A.SubscriberId FROM Subscriber.Budget.SubscriberCategory AS A WHERE ParentId IS NULL UNION ALL -- Recursive member definition SELECT B.ParentId, B.id, B.name,B.SubscriberId FROM Subscriber.Budget.SubscriberCategory AS B INNER JOIN Parent AS P ON B.ParentId = P.Id ) -- Statement that executes the CTE SELECT parentId, id, name FROM Parent where subscriberID = '1C18093B-5031-42E4-9251-CEF69114365F' GO

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  • Use of class definitions inside a method in Java

    - by Bragaadeesh
    Hi public class TestClass { public static void main(String[] args) { TestClass t = new TestClass(); } private static void testMethod(){ class TestMethodClass{ int a; int b; int c; } TestMethodClass testMethodClass = new TestMethodClass(); } } I found out that the above piece of code is perfectly legal in Java. I have the following questions. What is the use of ever having a class definition inside a method? Will a class file be generated for TestMethodClass Its hard for me to imagine this concept in an Object Oriented manner. Having a class definition inside a behavior. Probably can someone tell me with equivalent real world examples. Thanks

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  • C: stdin and std* errs

    - by user355926
    I want to my manipulate Stdin, then Std* but some errs: $ gcc testFd.c testFd.c:9: error: initializer element is not constant testFd.c:9: warning: data definition has no type or storage class testFd.c:10: error: redefinition of `fd' testFd.c:9: error: `fd' previously defined here testFd.c:10: error: `mode' undeclared here (not in a function) testFd.c:10: error: initializer element is not constant testFd.c:10: warning: data definition has no type or storage class testFd.c:12: error: syntax error before string constant $ cat testFd.c #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> int STDIN_FILENO = 1; // I want to access typed // Shell commands, dunno about the value: unsigned long F_DUPFD; fd = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 0); fd = open("/dev/fd/0", mode); printf("STDIN = %s", fd);

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  • Why do you sometimes need to write <typename T> instead of just <T> ?

    - by StackedCrooked
    I was reading the Wikipedia article on SFINAE and encountered following code sample: struct Test { typedef int Type; }; template < typename T > void f( typename T::Type ) {} // definition #1 template < typename T > void f( T ) {} // definition #2 void foo() { f< Test > ( 10 ); //call #1 f< int > ( 10 ); //call #2 without error thanks to SFINAE } Now I've actually written code like this before, and somehow intuitively I knew that I needed to type "typename T" instead of just "T". However, it would be nice to know the actual logic behind it. Anyone care to explain?

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  • Why does this C program compile?

    - by AdmiralJonB
    I've just come across someone's C code that I'm confused as to why it is compiling. There are two points I don't understand. First, the function prototype has no parameters compared to the actual function definition. Secondly, the parameter in the function definition doesn't have an type. #include <stdio.h> int func(); int func(param) { return param; } int main() { int bla = func(10); printf("%d",bla); } Could someone please explain to me why this works? I've tested it in a couple of compilers and it works fine.

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  • Sending mail from html through php will return to php page. It should be in the same contact form. How to do it?

    - by Ershad
    Hi, I have a html page with all images and other text. Below i have the contact form. i am new to php. I have used php to send mail. But when i click on send button,it is going to backend.php. And i have a blank page. What i need is it should in the same page. I have done some javascript to show and hide div's. With this i am showing a thank u msg in the same page. But i dont want to redirect browser to show it is going to backend.php.TO be in the same page i have redirected php to another window. My code is - backend.php <?php if($_POST['message']) { $body = "Name: ".$_POST['name']; $body .= "<br>Email: ".$_POST['email']; $body .= "<br>Phone/Mobile: ".$_POST['phone'] $body .= "<br>Address: ".$_POST['address'] $body .= "<br>Message: ".$_POST['msg'] if(mail("[email protected]","Subjects",$body)) echo 'true'; else echo 'false;'; } ?> form code - <form onsubmit="return validateFormOnSubmit(this)" action="backend.php" method="post" target="_blank"> <table align="left"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="name">Enter your name:</label> <label style="color:red;display:none;font-size:18px;" Id="namestar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><input Id="name" name="name" style="width:515px;" size="35" maxlength="50" type="text"></td></tr> <tr ><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="email">Email Address:</label> <label style="color:red;display:none;font-size:18px;" Id="emailstar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><input Id="email" name="email" style="width:515px;" type="text"></td></tr> <tr><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="phone">Phone/Mobile:</label><label style="color:red;font-size:18px;display:none;" Id="phonestar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><input Id="phone" name="phone" style="width:515px;" type="text"></td></tr> <tr><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="address">Your Address:</label><label style="color:red;font-size:18px;display:none;" Id="addressstar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><input id="address" name="address" style="width:515px;" type="text"></td></tr> <tr><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><label for="msg">Enter Your Comments / Suggestions / Enquiries</label><label style="color:red;font-size:18px;display:none;" Id="messagestar">*</label></td> </tr> <tr><td align="left"><textarea id="msg" name="msg" style="width:515px;height:100px;" type="text"></textarea></td></tr> <tr><td height="12px"/></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><table align="left"> <tbody> <tr > <td style="width:160px;"/> <td style="width:250px;" ><label Id="mandatory" style="display:none;color:red;" >* Mandatory fields</label></td> <td ><input type="submit" name="send" value="send" /></td><td > <input type="reset" name="reset" value="reset" onclick="resetAll()" /></td></tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

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  • C++ Template Question

    - by user323422
    see following code and please clear doubts1. as ABC is template why it not showing error when we put defination of ABC class member function in test.cpp 2.if i put test.cpp code in test.h , then it working fine // test.h template <typename T> class ABC { public: void foo( T& ); void bar( T& ); }; // test.cpp template <typename T> void ABC<T>::foo( T& ) {} // definition template <typename T> void ABC<T>::bar( T& ) {} // definition template void ABC<char>::foo( char & ); // 1 // main.cpp #include "test.h" int main() { ABC<char> a; a.foo(); // working a.bar(); // link error }

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  • Why Controller doesn't recognize a public method which (yet) appears in the intellisense ?

    - by Richard77
    Hello, I'm using an helper class that I called CreateEditOrganizationService where I put all the helper methods. In my controller, I've createService as object of that class. So far, I've got 5 methods. Now, I've just defined a 6th method called Set_TypeOrganization. I'm getting the Set_TypeOrganization in the intellisense, but after I've chose it, I get the following error: *CreateEditOrganizationService does not contain a definition for Set_TypeOrganization are you missing a directive or a reference?* public List<TypeOrganization> Set_TypeOrganization(string choice) { //Definition goes here... } and in my Controller CreateEditOrganizationService createService = new CreateEditOrganizationService(); //... ViewData["TypeOrganizations"] = createService.Set_TypeOrganization(choice); Unfortunately, VS shows me the error? Yet, the method appear in the intellisense when I type a dot after the createService object. Thannks for helping

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  • Cant update table in using isset

    - by Ali Munandar
    I have a table called settings, when I would change or enter data into the form it did not change the data in the table. In addition on form an image upload file is not running, There may be the wrong code below. <div class="maintitle">Site Settings</div> <?php $act=isset($_GET['act'])?$_GET['act']:""; if($act=='sub'){ $name=isset($_POST['site'])?$_POST['site']:""; $keys=isset($_POST['keywords'])?$_POST['keywords']:""; $desc=isset($_POST['descrp'])?$_POST['descrp']:""; $email=isset($_POST['email'])?$_POST['email']:""; $fbpage=isset($_POST['fbpage'])?$_POST['fbpage']:""; $twitter=isset($_POST['twitter'])?$_POST['twitter']:""; $gplus=isset($_POST['gplus'])?$_POST['gplus']:""; $disclaimer=isset($_POST['disclaimer'])?$_POST['disclaimer']:""; $template=isset($_POST['template'])?$_POST['template']:""; mysql_query("UPDATE settings SET site='$name',keywords='$keys',descrp='$desc',email='$email',fbpage='$fbpage',twitter='$twitter',gplus='$gplus',disclaimer='$disclaimer',template='$template' WHERE id=1"); if($_FILES["file"]["name"]!=''){ move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"], "../images/logo.png"); }?> <div class="infomsgbox">Settings updated successfully.</div> <?php } $q=mysql_query("select * from settings where id=1"); $s=mysql_fetch_assoc($q); ?> <div class="box"> <div class="inbox"> <!--form--> <form action="index.php?act=sub" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <label class="artlbl">Site Name</label> <div class="formdiv"> <input type="text" name='site' value='<?php echo $s['name']?>'/> </div> <label class="artlbl">Logo (264px x 85px)</label> <div class="formdiv"> <input type='file' class="file" name='file'/> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <label class="artlbl">Meta Keywords (Separated by Commas)</label> <div class="formdiv"> <textarea name='keywords' cols=40 rows=5 ><?php echo $s['keywords']?></textarea> </div> <label class="artlbl">Meta Description</label> <div class="formdiv"> <textarea name='descrp' cols=40 rows=5 ><?php echo $s['descrp']?></textarea> </div> <label class="artlbl">Email</label> <div class="formdiv"> <input type="text" name='email' value='<?php echo $s['email']?>'/> </div> <label class="artlbl">Facebook Fan Page</label> <div class="formdiv"> <input type="text" name='fbpage' value='<?php echo $s['fbpage']?>'/> </div> <label class="artlbl">Twitter URL</label> <div class="formdiv"> <input type="text" name='twitter' value='<?php echo $s['twitter']?>'/> </div> <label class="artlbl">Google+ URL</label> <div class="formdiv"> <input type="text" name='gplus' value='<?php echo $s['gplus']?>'/> </div> <label class="artlbl">Site Disclaimer</label> <div class="formdiv"> <textarea name='disclaimer' cols=40 rows=5 ><?php echo $s['disclaimer']?></textarea> </div> <label class="artlbl">Template</label> <div class="formdiv"> <select name="template" id="template"> <option value="<?php echo $s['template'];?>"><?php echo ucfirst($s['template']);?></option> <?php foreach(glob('../templates/*', GLOB_ONLYDIR) as $dir) { $TemplateDir = substr($dir, 13); $TemplateName = ucfirst($TemplateDir) ?> <option value="<?php echo $TemplateDir;?>"><?php echo $TemplateName;?></option> <?php }?> </select> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </br> <div class="formdiv"> <div class="sbutton"><input type="submit" id="submit" value="Update Site Settings"/></div> </div> </form> </div> </div><!--box--> Maybe someone can help me Related to this.

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  • Generic collection class?

    - by Mark
    Is there anyway I can do this? class TSOC<TCollection, TValue> : ICollection<TValue>, INotifyCollectionChanged where TCollection : ICollection { private TCollection<TValue> collection; } It doesn't like my definition of collection. I'd prefer the definition to look like TSOC<TCollection> where the user can pass in List<int> or something, but then I need to pull out the "int" to know what interface to implement.

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  • Edit very large sql dump/text file (on linux)

    - by geo
    I have to import a large mysql dump (up to 10G). However the sql dump already predefined with a database structure with index definition. I want to speed up the db insert by removing the index and table definition. That means I have to remove/edit the first few lines of a 10G text file. What is the most efficient way to do this on linux? Programs that require loading the entire file into RAM will be an overkill to me.

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  • Translate sequence in macro parameters to separate macros

    - by Alex Tiger
    How to acces each element in macro if the definition is like MACRO(name, seq) and the code is like: MACRO("TheName", (Elem1) (Elem2) (Elem3) ) I want to generate the next code: MACRO("TheName", ELEMMACRO(Elem1) ELEMMACRO(Elem2) ELEMMACRO(Elem3) ) Or something like that. In other words, I want to process every parameter separately (I don't care of definition, even if it will be something like MACRO("TheName", Elem1, Elem2, Elem3 ) There could be more elements, there could be less. I have tried V_ARGS (I need it only for gcc), but I can only copy all the elements by that, not to process them separately. What can I do? P.S. Because of some reasons, I can't use Boost.

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  • Why this script is not validating the form

    - by danishjan
    This is registration form code. i wrote script in one i have accessed every element by Id and in One by name but both donot validation it. <div id="form"> <form action="" method="get" id="formdata" > <p> <label for="firstName" class="labels">&nbsp; &nbsp;First Name </label> <input type="text" name="firstName" id="firstName" placeholder="First Name" /> <label for="firstName" id="errorfirstName" style="color:red; font- size:14px; visibility:hidden;"> Please Enter First Name </label> </p> <p> <label for="lastName" class="labels">&nbsp; &nbsp;Last Name </label> <input type="text" name="lastName" id="lastName" placeholder="Last Name" /> <label for="lastName" id="errorlastName" style="color:red; font-size:14px; visibility:hidden;"> Please Enter Last Name</label> </p> <p> <label for="fatherName" class="labels">Father Name</label> <input type="text" name="fatherName" id="fatherName" placeholder="Father Name" /> <label for="fatherName" id="errorfatherName" style="color:red; font- size:14px; visibility:hidden;"> Please Enter Father Name </label> </p> <p> <label for="classNo" class="labels">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Class </label> <input type="text" name="classNo" id="classNo" placeholder="Class" /> <label for="classNo" id="errorclassNo" style="color:red; font-size:14px; visibility:hidden;"> Please Enter Class </label> </p> <p> <label for="address" class="labels">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Address </label> <input type="text" name="address" id="address" placeholder="Address" /> <label for="address" id="erroraddress" style="color:red; font-size:14px; visibility:hidden;"> Please Enter Address </label> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="Submit" onSubmit="return validate()" /> </p> </form> And the JavaScript Code is here. What is wrong with this code. This code is through accessing by Element Id. <script type="text\javascript"> function validate(){ var valid=true; var fname=document.getElementById("firstName"); var lname=document.getElementById("lastName"); var fathname=document.getElementById("fatherName"); var classno=document.getElementById("classNo"); var address=document.getElementById("address"); var errfname=document.getElementById("errorfirstName"); var errlname=document.getElementById("errorlastName"); var errfathname=document.getElementById("errorfatherName"); var errclass=document.getElementById("errorclass"); var erraddress=document.getElementById("erroraddress"); if(fname.value == ""){ errfname.style.visibility="visible"; valid=false; } if(lname.value == ""){ errlname.style.visibility="visible"; valid=false; } if(fathname.value == ""){ errfathname.style.visibility="visible"; valid=false; } if(classno.value == ""){ errclass.style.visibility="visible"; valid=false; } if(address.value == ""){ erraddress.style.visibility="visible"; valid=false; } return valid; } </script>

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  • What&rsquo;s New in ASP.NET 4.0 Part Two: WebForms and Visual Studio Enhancements

    - by Rick Strahl
    In the last installment I talked about the core changes in the ASP.NET runtime that I’ve been taking advantage of. In this column, I’ll cover the changes to the Web Forms engine and some of the cool improvements in Visual Studio that make Web and general development easier. WebForms The WebForms engine is the area that has received most significant changes in ASP.NET 4.0. Probably the most widely anticipated features are related to managing page client ids and of ViewState on WebForm pages. Take Control of Your ClientIDs Unique ClientID generation in ASP.NET has been one of the most complained about “features” in ASP.NET. Although there’s a very good technical reason for these unique generated ids - they guarantee unique ids for each and every server control on a page - these unique and generated ids often get in the way of client-side JavaScript development and CSS styling as it’s often inconvenient and fragile to work with the long, generated ClientIDs. In ASP.NET 4.0 you can now specify an explicit client id mode on each control or each naming container parent control to control how client ids are generated. By default, ASP.NET generates mangled client ids for any control contained in a naming container (like a Master Page, or a User Control for example). The key to ClientID management in ASP.NET 4.0 are the new ClientIDMode and ClientIDRowSuffix properties. ClientIDMode supports four different ClientID generation settings shown below. For the following examples, imagine that you have a Textbox control named txtName inside of a master page control container on a WebForms page. <%@Page Language="C#"      MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master"     CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs"     Inherits="WebApplication1.WebForm2"  %> <asp:Content ID="content"  ContentPlaceHolderID="content"               runat="server"               ClientIDMode="Static" >       <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtName" /> </asp:Content> The four available ClientIDMode values are: AutoID This is the existing behavior in ASP.NET 1.x-3.x where full naming container munging takes place. <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text"        id="ctl00_content_txtName" /> This should be familiar to any ASP.NET developer and results in fairly unpredictable client ids that can easily change if the containership hierarchy changes. For example, removing the master page changes the name in this case, so if you were to move a block of script code that works against the control to a non-Master page, the script code immediately breaks. Static This option is the most deterministic setting that forces the control’s ClientID to use its ID value directly. No naming container naming at all is applied and you end up with clean client ids: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName"         type="text" id="txtName" /> Note that the name property which is used for postback variables to the server still is munged, but the ClientID property is displayed simply as the ID value that you have assigned to the control. This option is what most of us want to use, but you have to be clear on that because it can potentially cause conflicts with other controls on the page. If there are several instances of the same naming container (several instances of the same user control for example) there can easily be a client id naming conflict. Note that if you assign Static to a data-bound control, like a list child control in templates, you do not get unique ids either, so for list controls where you rely on unique id for child controls, you’ll probably want to use Predictable rather than Static. I’ll write more on this a little later when I discuss ClientIDRowSuffix. Predictable The previous two values are pretty self-explanatory. Predictable however, requires some explanation. To me at least it’s not in the least bit predictable. MSDN defines this value as follows: This algorithm is used for controls that are in data-bound controls. The ClientID value is generated by concatenating the ClientID value of the parent naming container with the ID value of the control. If the control is a data-bound control that generates multiple rows, the value of the data field specified in the ClientIDRowSuffix property is added at the end. For the GridView control, multiple data fields can be specified. If the ClientIDRowSuffix property is blank, a sequential number is added at the end instead of a data-field value. Each segment is separated by an underscore character (_). The key that makes this value a bit confusing is that it relies on the parent NamingContainer’s ClientID to build its own ClientID value. This effectively means that the value is not predictable at all but rather very tightly coupled to the parent naming container’s ClientIDMode setting. For my simple textbox example, if the ClientIDMode property of the parent naming container (Page in this case) is set to “Predictable” you’ll get this: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text"         id="content_txtName" /> which gives an id that based on walking up to the currently active naming container (the MasterPage content container) and starting the id formatting from there downward. Think of this as a semi unique name that’s guaranteed unique only for the naming container. If, on the other hand, the Page is set to “AutoID” you get the following with Predictable on txtName: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text"         id="ctl00_content_txtName" /> The latter is effectively the same as if you specified AutoID because it inherits the AutoID naming from the Page and Content Master Page control of the page. But again - predictable behavior always depends on the parent naming container and how it generates its id, so the id may not always be exactly the same as the AutoID generated value because somewhere in the NamingContainer chain the ClientIDMode setting may be set to a different value. For example, if you had another naming container in the middle that was set to Static you’d end up effectively with an id that starts with the NamingContainers id rather than the whole ctl000_content munging. The most common use for Predictable is likely to be for data-bound controls, which results in each data bound item getting a unique ClientID. Unfortunately, even here the behavior can be very unpredictable depending on which data-bound control you use - I found significant differences in how template controls in a GridView behave from those that are used in a ListView control. For example, GridView creates clean child ClientIDs, while ListView still has a naming container in the ClientID, presumably because of the template container on which you can’t set ClientIDMode. Predictable is useful, but only if all naming containers down the chain use this setting. Otherwise you’re right back to the munged ids that are pretty unpredictable. Another property, ClientIDRowSuffix, can be used in combination with ClientIDMode of Predictable to force a suffix onto list client controls. For example: <asp:GridView runat="server" ID="gvItems"              AutoGenerateColumns="false"             ClientIDMode="Static"              ClientIDRowSuffix="Id">     <Columns>     <asp:TemplateField>         <ItemTemplate>             <asp:Label runat="server" id="txtName"                        Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>'                   ClientIDMode="Predictable"/>         </ItemTemplate>     </asp:TemplateField>     <asp:TemplateField>         <ItemTemplate>         <asp:Label runat="server" id="txtId"                     Text='<%# Eval("Id") %>'                     ClientIDMode="Predictable" />         </ItemTemplate>     </asp:TemplateField>     </Columns>  </asp:GridView> generates client Ids inside of a column in the master page described earlier: <td>     <span id="txtName_0">Rick</span> </td> where the value after the underscore is the ClientIDRowSuffix field - in this case “Id” of the item data bound to the control. Note that all of the child controls require ClientIDMode=”Predictable” in order for the ClientIDRowSuffix to be applied, and the parent GridView controls need to be set to Static either explicitly or via Naming Container inheritance to give these simple names. It’s a bummer that ClientIDRowSuffix doesn’t work with Static to produce this automatically. Another real problem is that other controls process the ClientIDMode differently. For example, a ListView control processes the Predictable ClientIDMode differently and produces the following with the Static ListView and Predictable child controls: <span id="ctrl0_txtName_0">Rick</span> I couldn’t even figure out a way using ClientIDMode to get a simple ID that also uses a suffix short of falling back to manually generated ids using <%= %> expressions instead. Given the inconsistencies inside of list controls using <%= %>, ids for the ListView might not be a bad idea anyway. Inherit The final setting is Inherit, which is the default for all controls except Page. This means that controls by default inherit the parent naming container’s ClientIDMode setting. For more detailed information on ClientID behavior and different scenarios you can check out a blog post of mine on this subject: http://www.west-wind.com/weblog/posts/54760.aspx. ClientID Enhancements Summary The ClientIDMode property is a welcome addition to ASP.NET 4.0. To me this is probably the most useful WebForms feature as it allows me to generate clean IDs simply by setting ClientIDMode="Static" on either the page or inside of Web.config (in the Pages section) which applies the setting down to the entire page which is my 95% scenario. For the few cases when it matters - for list controls and inside of multi-use user controls or custom server controls) - I can use Predictable or even AutoID to force controls to unique names. For application-level page development, this is easy to accomplish and provides maximum usability for working with client script code against page controls. ViewStateMode Another area of large criticism for WebForms is ViewState. ViewState is used internally by ASP.NET to persist page-level changes to non-postback properties on controls as pages post back to the server. It’s a useful mechanism that works great for the overall mechanics of WebForms, but it can also cause all sorts of overhead for page operation as ViewState can very quickly get out of control and consume huge amounts of bandwidth in your page content. ViewState can also wreak havoc with client-side scripting applications that modify control properties that are tracked by ViewState, which can produce very unpredictable results on a Postback after client-side updates. Over the years in my own development, I’ve often turned off ViewState on pages to reduce overhead. Yes, you lose some functionality, but you can easily implement most of the common functionality in non-ViewState workarounds. Relying less on heavy ViewState controls and sticking with simpler controls or raw HTML constructs avoids getting around ViewState problems. In ASP.NET 3.x and prior, it wasn’t easy to control ViewState - you could turn it on or off and if you turned it off at the page or web.config level, you couldn’t turn it back on for specific controls. In short, it was an all or nothing approach. With ASP.NET 4.0, the new ViewStateMode property gives you more control. It allows you to disable ViewState globally either on the page or web.config level and then turn it back on for specific controls that might need it. ViewStateMode only works when EnableViewState="true" on the page or web.config level (which is the default). You can then use ViewStateMode of Disabled, Enabled or Inherit to control the ViewState settings on the page. If you’re shooting for minimal ViewState usage, the ideal situation is to set ViewStateMode to disabled on the Page or web.config level and only turn it back on particular controls: <%@Page Language="C#"      CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs"     Inherits="Westwind.WebStore.WebForm2"        ClientIDMode="Static"                ViewStateMode="Disabled"     EnableViewState="true"  %> <!-- this control has viewstate  --> <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtName"  ViewStateMode="Enabled" />       <!-- this control has no viewstate - it inherits  from parent container --> <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtAddress" /> Note that the EnableViewState="true" at the Page level isn’t required since it’s the default, but it’s important that the value is true. ViewStateMode has no effect if EnableViewState="false" at the page level. The main benefit of ViewStateMode is that it allows you to more easily turn off ViewState for most of the page and enable only a few key controls that might need it. For me personally, this is a perfect combination as most of my WebForm apps can get away without any ViewState at all. But some controls - especially third party controls - often don’t work well without ViewState enabled, and now it’s much easier to selectively enable controls rather than the old way, which required you to pretty much turn off ViewState for all controls that you didn’t want ViewState on. Inline HTML Encoding HTML encoding is an important feature to prevent cross-site scripting attacks in data entered by users on your site. In order to make it easier to create HTML encoded content, ASP.NET 4.0 introduces a new Expression syntax using <%: %> to encode string values. The encoding expression syntax looks like this: <%: "<script type='text/javascript'>" +     "alert('Really?');</script>" %> which produces properly encoded HTML: &lt;script type=&#39;text/javascript&#39; &gt;alert(&#39;Really?&#39;);&lt;/script&gt; Effectively this is a shortcut to: <%= HttpUtility.HtmlEncode( "<script type='text/javascript'>" + "alert('Really?');</script>") %> Of course the <%: %> syntax can also evaluate expressions just like <%= %> so the more common scenario applies this expression syntax against data your application is displaying. Here’s an example displaying some data model values: <%: Model.Address.Street %> This snippet shows displaying data from your application’s data store or more importantly, from data entered by users. Anything that makes it easier and less verbose to HtmlEncode text is a welcome addition to avoid potential cross-site scripting attacks. Although I listed Inline HTML Encoding here under WebForms, anything that uses the WebForms rendering engine including ASP.NET MVC, benefits from this feature. ScriptManager Enhancements The ASP.NET ScriptManager control in the past has introduced some nice ways to take programmatic and markup control over script loading, but there were a number of shortcomings in this control. The ASP.NET 4.0 ScriptManager has a number of improvements that make it easier to control script loading and addresses a few of the shortcomings that have often kept me from using the control in favor of manual script loading. The first is the AjaxFrameworkMode property which finally lets you suppress loading the ASP.NET AJAX runtime. Disabled doesn’t load any ASP.NET AJAX libraries, but there’s also an Explicit mode that lets you pick and choose the library pieces individually and reduce the footprint of ASP.NET AJAX script included if you are using the library. There’s also a new EnableCdn property that forces any script that has a new WebResource attribute CdnPath property set to a CDN supplied URL. If the script has this Attribute property set to a non-null/empty value and EnableCdn is enabled on the ScriptManager, that script will be served from the specified CdnPath. [assembly: WebResource(    "Westwind.Web.Resources.ww.jquery.js",    "application/x-javascript",    CdnPath =  "http://mysite.com/scripts/ww.jquery.min.js")] Cool, but a little too static for my taste since this value can’t be changed at runtime to point at a debug script as needed, for example. Assembly names for loading scripts from resources can now be simple names rather than fully qualified assembly names, which make it less verbose to reference scripts from assemblies loaded from your bin folder or the assembly reference area in web.config: <asp:ScriptManager runat="server" id="Id"          EnableCdn="true"         AjaxFrameworkMode="disabled">     <Scripts>         <asp:ScriptReference          Name="Westwind.Web.Resources.ww.jquery.js"         Assembly="Westwind.Web" />     </Scripts>        </asp:ScriptManager> The ScriptManager in 4.0 also supports script combining via the CompositeScript tag, which allows you to very easily combine scripts into a single script resource served via ASP.NET. Even nicer: You can specify the URL that the combined script is served with. Check out the following script manager markup that combines several static file scripts and a script resource into a single ASP.NET served resource from a static URL (allscripts.js): <asp:ScriptManager runat="server" id="Id"          EnableCdn="true"         AjaxFrameworkMode="disabled">     <CompositeScript          Path="~/scripts/allscripts.js">         <Scripts>             <asp:ScriptReference                    Path="~/scripts/jquery.js" />             <asp:ScriptReference                    Path="~/scripts/ww.jquery.js" />             <asp:ScriptReference            Name="Westwind.Web.Resources.editors.js"                 Assembly="Westwind.Web" />         </Scripts>     </CompositeScript> </asp:ScriptManager> When you render this into HTML, you’ll see a single script reference in the page: <script src="scripts/allscripts.debug.js"          type="text/javascript"></script> All you need to do to make this work is ensure that allscripts.js and allscripts.debug.js exist in the scripts folder of your application - they can be empty but the file has to be there. This is pretty cool, but you want to be real careful that you use unique URLs for each combination of scripts you combine or else browser and server caching will easily screw you up royally. The script manager also allows you to override native ASP.NET AJAX scripts now as any script references defined in the Scripts section of the ScriptManager trump internal references. So if you want custom behavior or you want to fix a possible bug in the core libraries that normally are loaded from resources, you can now do this simply by referencing the script resource name in the Name property and pointing at System.Web for the assembly. Not a common scenario, but when you need it, it can come in real handy. Still, there are a number of shortcomings in this control. For one, the ScriptManager and ClientScript APIs still have no common entry point so control developers are still faced with having to check and support both APIs to load scripts so that controls can work on pages that do or don’t have a ScriptManager on the page. The CdnUrl is static and compiled in, which is very restrictive. And finally, there’s still no control over where scripts get loaded on the page - ScriptManager still injects scripts into the middle of the HTML markup rather than in the header or optionally the footer. This, in turn, means there is little control over script loading order, which can be problematic for control developers. MetaDescription, MetaKeywords Page Properties There are also a number of additional Page properties that correspond to some of the other features discussed in this column: ClientIDMode, ClientTarget and ViewStateMode. Another minor but useful feature is that you can now directly access the MetaDescription and MetaKeywords properties on the Page object to set the corresponding meta tags programmatically. Updating these values programmatically previously required either <%= %> expressions in the page markup or dynamic insertion of literal controls into the page. You can now just set these properties programmatically on the Page object in any Control derived class on the page or the Page itself: Page.MetaKeywords = "ASP.NET,4.0,New Features"; Page.MetaDescription = "This article discusses the new features in ASP.NET 4.0"; Note, that there’s no corresponding ASP.NET tag for the HTML Meta element, so the only way to specify these values in markup and access them is via the @Page tag: <%@Page Language="C#"      CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs"     Inherits="Westwind.WebStore.WebForm2"      ClientIDMode="Static"                MetaDescription="Article that discusses what's                      new in ASP.NET 4.0"     MetaKeywords="ASP.NET,4.0,New Features" %> Nothing earth shattering but quite convenient. Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements for Web Development For Web development there are also a host of editor enhancements in Visual Studio 2010. Some of these are not Web specific but they are useful for Web developers in general. Text Editors Throughout Visual Studio 2010, the text editors have all been updated to a new core engine based on WPF which provides some interesting new features for various code editors including the nice ability to zoom in and out with Ctrl-MouseWheel to quickly change the size of text. There are many more API options to control the editor and although Visual Studio 2010 doesn’t yet use many of these features, we can look forward to enhancements in add-ins and future editor updates from the various language teams that take advantage of the visual richness that WPF provides to editing. On the negative side, I’ve noticed that occasionally the code editor and especially the HTML and JavaScript editors will lose the ability to use various navigation keys like arrows, back and delete keys, which requires closing and reopening the documents at times. This issue seems to be well documented so I suspect this will be addressed soon with a hotfix or within the first service pack. Overall though, the code editors work very well, especially given that they were re-written completely using WPF, which was one of my big worries when I first heard about the complete redesign of the editors. Multi-Targeting Visual Studio now targets all versions of the .NET framework from 2.0 forward. You can use Visual Studio 2010 to work on your ASP.NET 2, 3.0 and 3.5 applications which is a nice way to get your feet wet with the new development environment without having to make changes to existing applications. It’s nice to have one tool to work in for all the different versions. Multi-Monitor Support One cool feature of Visual Studio 2010 is the ability to drag windows out of the Visual Studio environment and out onto the desktop including onto another monitor easily. Since Web development often involves working with a host of designers at the same time - visual designer, HTML markup window, code behind and JavaScript editor - it’s really nice to be able to have a little more screen real estate to work on each of these editors. Microsoft made a welcome change in the environment. IntelliSense Snippets for HTML and JavaScript Editors The HTML and JavaScript editors now finally support IntelliSense scripts to create macro-based template expansions that have been in the core C# and Visual Basic code editors since Visual Studio 2005. Snippets allow you to create short XML-based template definitions that can act as static macros or real templates that can have replaceable values that can be embedded into the expanded text. The XML syntax for these snippets is straight forward and it’s pretty easy to create custom snippets manually. You can easily create snippets using XML and store them in your custom snippets folder (C:\Users\rstrahl\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Code Snippets\Visual Web Developer\My HTML Snippets and My JScript Snippets), but it helps to use one of the third-party tools that exist to simplify the process for you. I use SnippetEditor, by Bill McCarthy, which makes short work of creating snippets interactively (http://snippeteditor.codeplex.com/). Note: You may have to manually add the Visual Studio 2010 User specific Snippet folders to this tool to see existing ones you’ve created. Code snippets are some of the biggest time savers and HTML editing more than anything deals with lots of repetitive tasks that lend themselves to text expansion. Visual Studio 2010 includes a slew of built-in snippets (that you can also customize!) and you can create your own very easily. If you haven’t done so already, I encourage you to spend a little time examining your coding patterns and find the repetitive code that you write and convert it into snippets. I’ve been using CodeRush for this for years, but now you can do much of the basic expansion natively for HTML and JavaScript snippets. jQuery Integration Is Now Native jQuery is a popular JavaScript library and recently Microsoft has recently stated that it will become the primary client-side scripting technology to drive higher level script functionality in various ASP.NET Web projects that Microsoft provides. In Visual Studio 2010, the default full project template includes jQuery as part of a new project including the support files that provide IntelliSense (-vsdoc files). IntelliSense support for jQuery is now also baked into Visual Studio 2010, so unlike Visual Studio 2008 which required a separate download, no further installs are required for a rich IntelliSense experience with jQuery. Summary ASP.NET 4.0 brings many useful improvements to the platform, but thankfully most of the changes are incremental changes that don’t compromise backwards compatibility and they allow developers to ease into the new features one feature at a time. None of the changes in ASP.NET 4.0 or Visual Studio 2010 are monumental or game changers. The bigger features are language and .NET Framework changes that are also optional. This ASP.NET and tools release feels more like fine tuning and getting some long-standing kinks worked out of the platform. It shows that the ASP.NET team is dedicated to paying attention to community feedback and responding with changes to the platform and development environment based on this feedback. If you haven’t gotten your feet wet with ASP.NET 4.0 and Visual Studio 2010, there’s no reason not to give it a shot now - the ASP.NET 4.0 platform is solid and Visual Studio 2010 works very well for a brand new release. Check it out. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET  

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  • Building a better mouse-trap &ndash; Improving the creation of XML Message Requests using Reflection, XML &amp; XSLT

    - by paulschapman
    Introduction The way I previously created messages to send to the GovTalk service I used the XMLDocument to create the request. While this worked it left a number of problems; not least that for every message a special function would need to created. This is OK for the short term but the biggest cost in any software project is maintenance and this would be a headache to maintain. So the following is a somewhat better way of achieving the same thing. For the purposes of this article I am going to be using the CompanyNumberSearch request of the GovTalk service – although this technique would work for any service that accepted XML. The C# functions which send and receive the messages remain the same. The magic sauce in this is the XSLT which defines the structure of the request, and the use of objects in conjunction with reflection to provide the content. It is a bit like Sweet Chilli Sauce added to Chicken on a bed of rice. So on to the Sweet Chilli Sauce The Sweet Chilli Sauce The request to search for a company based on it’s number is as follows; <GovTalkMessage xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/CM/envelope http://xmlgw.companieshouse.gov.uk/v1-0/schema/Egov_ch-v2-0.xsd" xmlns="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/CM/envelope" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" xmlns:gt="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/schemas/govtalk/core" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" > <EnvelopeVersion>1.0</EnvelopeVersion> <Header> <MessageDetails> <Class>NumberSearch</Class> <Qualifier>request</Qualifier> <TransactionID>1</TransactionID> </MessageDetails> <SenderDetails> <IDAuthentication> <SenderID>????????????????????????????????</SenderID> <Authentication> <Method>CHMD5</Method> <Value>????????????????????????????????</Value> </Authentication> </IDAuthentication> </SenderDetails> </Header> <GovTalkDetails> <Keys/> </GovTalkDetails> <Body> <NumberSearchRequest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://xmlgw.companieshouse.gov.uk/v1-0/schema/NumberSearch.xsd"> <PartialCompanyNumber>99999999</PartialCompanyNumber> <DataSet>LIVE</DataSet> <SearchRows>1</SearchRows> </NumberSearchRequest> </Body> </GovTalkMessage> This is the XML that we send to the GovTalk Service and we get back a list of companies that match the criteria passed A message is structured in two parts; The envelope which identifies the person sending the request, with the name of the request, and the body which gives the detail of the company we are looking for. The Chilli What makes it possible is the use of XSLT to define the message – and serialization to convert each request object into XML. To start we need to create an object which will represent the contents of the message we are sending. However there is a common properties in all the messages that we send to Companies House. These properties are as follows SenderId – the id of the person sending the message SenderPassword – the password associated with Id TransactionId – Unique identifier for the message AuthenticationValue – authenticates the request Because these properties are unique to the Companies House message, and because they are shared with all messages they are perfect candidates for a base class. The class is as follows; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.ServiceRuntime; namespace CompanyHub.Services { public class GovTalkRequest { public GovTalkRequest() { try { SenderID = RoleEnvironment.GetConfigurationSettingValue("SenderId"); SenderPassword = RoleEnvironment.GetConfigurationSettingValue("SenderPassword"); TransactionId = DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString(); AuthenticationValue = EncodePassword(String.Format("{0}{1}{2}", SenderID, SenderPassword, TransactionId)); } catch (System.Exception ex) { throw ex; } } /// <summary> /// returns the Sender ID to be used when communicating with the GovTalk Service /// </summary> public String SenderID { get; set; } /// <summary> /// return the password to be used when communicating with the GovTalk Service /// </summary> public String SenderPassword { get; set; } // end SenderPassword /// <summary> /// Transaction Id - uses the Time and Date converted to Ticks /// </summary> public String TransactionId { get; set; } // end TransactionId /// <summary> /// calculate the authentication value that will be used when /// communicating with /// </summary> public String AuthenticationValue { get; set; } // end AuthenticationValue property /// <summary> /// encodes password(s) using MD5 /// </summary> /// <param name="clearPassword"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static String EncodePassword(String clearPassword) { MD5CryptoServiceProvider md5Hasher = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider(); byte[] hashedBytes; UTF32Encoding encoder = new UTF32Encoding(); hashedBytes = md5Hasher.ComputeHash(ASCIIEncoding.Default.GetBytes(clearPassword)); String result = Regex.Replace(BitConverter.ToString(hashedBytes), "-", "").ToLower(); return result; } } } There is nothing particularly clever here, except for the EncodePassword method which hashes the value made up of the SenderId, Password and Transaction id. Each message inherits from this object. So for the Company Number Search in addition to the properties above we need a partial number, which dataset to search – for the purposes of the project we only need to search the LIVE set so this can be set in the constructor and the SearchRows. Again all are set as properties. With the SearchRows and DataSet initialized in the constructor. public class CompanyNumberSearchRequest : GovTalkRequest, IDisposable { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public CompanyNumberSearchRequest() : base() { DataSet = "LIVE"; SearchRows = 1; } /// <summary> /// Company Number to search against /// </summary> public String PartialCompanyNumber { get; set; } /// <summary> /// What DataSet should be searched for the company /// </summary> public String DataSet { get; set; } /// <summary> /// How many rows should be returned /// </summary> public int SearchRows { get; set; } public void Dispose() { DataSet = String.Empty; PartialCompanyNumber = String.Empty; DataSet = "LIVE"; SearchRows = 1; } } As well as inheriting from our base class, I have also inherited from IDisposable – not just because it is just plain good practice to dispose of objects when coding, but it gives also gives us more versatility when using the object. There are four stages in making a request and this is reflected in the four methods we execute in making a call to the Companies House service; Create a request Send a request Check the status If OK then get the results of the request I’ve implemented each of these stages within a static class called Toolbox – which also means I don’t need to create an instance of the class to use it. When making a request there are three stages; Get the template for the message Serialize the object representing the message Transform the serialized object using a predefined XSLT file. Each of my templates I have defined as an embedded resource. When retrieving a resource of this kind we have to include the full namespace to the resource. In making the code re-usable as much as possible I defined the full ‘path’ within the GetRequest method. requestFile = String.Format("CompanyHub.Services.Schemas.{0}", RequestFile); So we now have the full path of the file within the assembly. Now all we need do is retrieve the assembly and get the resource. asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); sr = asm.GetManifestResourceStream(requestFile); Once retrieved  So this can be returned to the calling function and we now have a stream of XSLT to define the message. Time now to serialize the request to create the other side of this message. // Serialize object containing Request, Load into XML Document t = Obj.GetType(); ms = new MemoryStream(); serializer = new XmlSerializer(t); xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(ms, Encoding.ASCII); serializer.Serialize(xmlTextWriter, Obj); ms = (MemoryStream)xmlTextWriter.BaseStream; GovTalkRequest = Toolbox.ConvertByteArrayToString(ms.ToArray()); First off we need the type of the object so we make a call to the GetType method of the object containing the Message properties. Next we need a MemoryStream, XmlSerializer and an XMLTextWriter so these can be initialized. The object is serialized by making the call to the Serialize method of the serializer object. The result of that is then converted into a MemoryStream. That MemoryStream is then converted into a string. ConvertByteArrayToString This is a fairly simple function which uses an ASCIIEncoding object found within the System.Text namespace to convert an array of bytes into a string. public static String ConvertByteArrayToString(byte[] bytes) { System.Text.ASCIIEncoding enc = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding(); return enc.GetString(bytes); } I only put it into a function because I will be using this in various places. The Sauce When adding support for other messages outside of creating a new object to store the properties of the message, the C# components do not need to change. It is in the XSLT file that the versatility of the technique lies. The XSLT file determines the format of the message. For the CompanyNumberSearch the XSLT file is as follows; <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <GovTalkMessage xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/CM/envelope http://xmlgw.companieshouse.gov.uk/v1-0/schema/Egov_ch-v2-0.xsd" xmlns="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/CM/envelope" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" xmlns:gt="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/schemas/govtalk/core" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" > <EnvelopeVersion>1.0</EnvelopeVersion> <Header> <MessageDetails> <Class>NumberSearch</Class> <Qualifier>request</Qualifier> <TransactionID> <xsl:value-of select="CompanyNumberSearchRequest/TransactionId"/> </TransactionID> </MessageDetails> <SenderDetails> <IDAuthentication> <SenderID><xsl:value-of select="CompanyNumberSearchRequest/SenderID"/></SenderID> <Authentication> <Method>CHMD5</Method> <Value> <xsl:value-of select="CompanyNumberSearchRequest/AuthenticationValue"/> </Value> </Authentication> </IDAuthentication> </SenderDetails> </Header> <GovTalkDetails> <Keys/> </GovTalkDetails> <Body> <NumberSearchRequest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://xmlgw.companieshouse.gov.uk/v1-0/schema/NumberSearch.xsd"> <PartialCompanyNumber> <xsl:value-of select="CompanyNumberSearchRequest/PartialCompanyNumber"/> </PartialCompanyNumber> <DataSet> <xsl:value-of select="CompanyNumberSearchRequest/DataSet"/> </DataSet> <SearchRows> <xsl:value-of select="CompanyNumberSearchRequest/SearchRows"/> </SearchRows> </NumberSearchRequest> </Body> </GovTalkMessage> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> The outer two tags define that this is a XSLT stylesheet and the root tag from which the nodes are searched for. The GovTalkMessage is the format of the message that will be sent to Companies House. We first set up the XslCompiledTransform object which will transform the XSLT template and the serialized object into the request to Companies House. xslt = new XslCompiledTransform(); resultStream = new MemoryStream(); writer = new XmlTextWriter(resultStream, Encoding.ASCII); doc = new XmlDocument(); The Serialize method require XmlTextWriter to write the XML (writer) and a stream to place the transferred object into (writer). The XML will be loaded into an XMLDocument object (doc) prior to the transformation. // create XSLT Template xslTemplate = Toolbox.GetRequest(Template); xslTemplate.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); templateReader = XmlReader.Create(xslTemplate); xslt.Load(templateReader); I have stored all the templates as a series of Embedded Resources and the GetRequestCall takes the name of the template and extracts the relevent XSLT file. /// <summary> /// Gets the framwork XML which makes the request /// </summary> /// <param name="RequestFile"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static Stream GetRequest(String RequestFile) { String requestFile = String.Empty; Stream sr = null; Assembly asm = null; try { requestFile = String.Format("CompanyHub.Services.Schemas.{0}", RequestFile); asm = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); sr = asm.GetManifestResourceStream(requestFile); } catch (Exception) { throw; } finally { asm = null; } return sr; } // end private static stream GetRequest We first take the template name and expand it to include the full namespace to the Embedded Resource I like to keep all my schemas in the same directory and so the namespace reflects this. The rest is the default namespace for the project. Then we get the currently executing assembly (which will contain the resources with the call to GetExecutingAssembly() ) Finally we get a stream which contains the XSLT file. We use this stream and then load an XmlReader with the contents of the template, and that is in turn loaded into the XslCompiledTransform object. We convert the object containing the message properties into Xml by serializing it; calling the Serialize() method of the XmlSerializer object. To set up the object we do the following; t = Obj.GetType(); ms = new MemoryStream(); serializer = new XmlSerializer(t); xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(ms, Encoding.ASCII); We first determine the type of the object being transferred by calling GetType() We create an XmlSerializer object by passing the type of the object being serialized. The serializer writes to a memory stream and that is linked to an XmlTextWriter. Next job is to serialize the object and load it into an XmlDocument. serializer.Serialize(xmlTextWriter, Obj); ms = (MemoryStream)xmlTextWriter.BaseStream; xmlRequest = new XmlTextReader(ms); GovTalkRequest = Toolbox.ConvertByteArrayToString(ms.ToArray()); doc.LoadXml(GovTalkRequest); Time to transform the XML to construct the full request. xslt.Transform(doc, writer); resultStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); request = Toolbox.ConvertByteArrayToString(resultStream.ToArray()); So that creates the full request to be sent  to Companies House. Sending the request So far we have a string with a request for the Companies House service. Now we need to send the request to the Companies House Service. Configuration within an Azure project There are entire blog entries written about configuration within an Azure project – most of this is out of scope for this article but the following is a summary. Configuration is defined in two files within the parent project *.csdef which contains the definition of configuration setting. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ServiceDefinition name="OnlineCompanyHub" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceDefinition"> <WebRole name="CompanyHub.Host"> <InputEndpoints> <InputEndpoint name="HttpIn" protocol="http" port="80" /> </InputEndpoints> <ConfigurationSettings> <Setting name="DiagnosticsConnectionString" /> <Setting name="DataConnectionString" /> </ConfigurationSettings> </WebRole> <WebRole name="CompanyHub.Services"> <InputEndpoints> <InputEndpoint name="HttpIn" protocol="http" port="8080" /> </InputEndpoints> <ConfigurationSettings> <Setting name="DiagnosticsConnectionString" /> <Setting name="SenderId"/> <Setting name="SenderPassword" /> <Setting name="GovTalkUrl"/> </ConfigurationSettings> </WebRole> <WorkerRole name="CompanyHub.Worker"> <ConfigurationSettings> <Setting name="DiagnosticsConnectionString" /> </ConfigurationSettings> </WorkerRole> </ServiceDefinition>   Above is the configuration definition from the project. What we are interested in however is the ConfigurationSettings tag of the CompanyHub.Services WebRole. There are four configuration settings here, but at the moment we are interested in the second to forth settings; SenderId, SenderPassword and GovTalkUrl The value of these settings are defined in the ServiceDefinition.cscfg file; <?xml version="1.0"?> <ServiceConfiguration serviceName="OnlineCompanyHub" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceConfiguration"> <Role name="CompanyHub.Host"> <Instances count="2" /> <ConfigurationSettings> <Setting name="DiagnosticsConnectionString" value="UseDevelopmentStorage=true" /> <Setting name="DataConnectionString" value="UseDevelopmentStorage=true" /> </ConfigurationSettings> </Role> <Role name="CompanyHub.Services"> <Instances count="2" /> <ConfigurationSettings> <Setting name="DiagnosticsConnectionString" value="UseDevelopmentStorage=true" /> <Setting name="SenderId" value="UserID"/> <Setting name="SenderPassword" value="Password"/> <Setting name="GovTalkUrl" value="http://xmlgw.companieshouse.gov.uk/v1-0/xmlgw/Gateway"/> </ConfigurationSettings> </Role> <Role name="CompanyHub.Worker"> <Instances count="2" /> <ConfigurationSettings> <Setting name="DiagnosticsConnectionString" value="UseDevelopmentStorage=true" /> </ConfigurationSettings> </Role> </ServiceConfiguration>   Look for the Role tag that contains our project name (CompanyHub.Services). Having configured the parameters we can now transmit the request. This is done by ‘POST’ing a stream of XML to the Companies House servers. govTalkUrl = RoleEnvironment.GetConfigurationSettingValue("GovTalkUrl"); request = WebRequest.Create(govTalkUrl); request.Method = "POST"; request.ContentType = "text/xml"; writer = new StreamWriter(request.GetRequestStream()); writer.WriteLine(RequestMessage); writer.Close(); We use the WebRequest object to send the object. Set the method of sending to ‘POST’ and the type of data as text/xml. Once set up all we do is write the request to the writer – this sends the request to Companies House. Did the Request Work Part I – Getting the response Having sent a request – we now need the result of that request. response = request.GetResponse(); reader = response.GetResponseStream(); result = Toolbox.ConvertByteArrayToString(Toolbox.ReadFully(reader));   The WebRequest object has a GetResponse() method which allows us to get the response sent back. Like many of these calls the results come in the form of a stream which we convert into a string. Did the Request Work Part II – Translating the Response Much like XSLT and XML were used to create the original request, so it can be used to extract the response and by deserializing the result we create an object that contains the response. Did it work? It would be really great if everything worked all the time. Of course if it did then I don’t suppose people would pay me and others the big bucks so that our programmes do not a) Collapse in a heap (this is an area of memory) b) Blow every fuse in the place in a shower of sparks (this will probably not happen this being real life and not a Hollywood movie, but it was possible to blow the sound system of a BBC Model B with a poorly coded setting) c) Go nuts and trap everyone outside the airlock (this was from a movie, and unless NASA get a manned moon/mars mission set up unlikely to happen) d) Go nuts and take over the world (this was also from a movie, but please note life has a habit of being of exceeding the wildest imaginations of Hollywood writers (note writers – Hollywood executives have no imagination and judging by recent output of that town have turned plagiarism into an art form). e) Freeze in total confusion because the cleaner pulled the plug to the internet router (this has happened) So anyway – we need to check to see if our request actually worked. Within the GovTalk response there is a section that details the status of the message and a description of what went wrong (if anything did). I have defined an XSLT template which will extract these into an XML document. <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:ev="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/CM/envelope" xmlns:gt="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/schemas/govtalk/core" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <xsl:template match="/"> <GovTalkStatus xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Status> <xsl:value-of select="ev:GovTalkMessage/ev:Header/ev:MessageDetails/ev:Qualifier"/> </Status> <Text> <xsl:value-of select="ev:GovTalkMessage/ev:GovTalkDetails/ev:GovTalkErrors/ev:Error/ev:Text"/> </Text> <Location> <xsl:value-of select="ev:GovTalkMessage/ev:GovTalkDetails/ev:GovTalkErrors/ev:Error/ev:Location"/> </Location> <Number> <xsl:value-of select="ev:GovTalkMessage/ev:GovTalkDetails/ev:GovTalkErrors/ev:Error/ev:Number"/> </Number> <Type> <xsl:value-of select="ev:GovTalkMessage/ev:GovTalkDetails/ev:GovTalkErrors/ev:Error/ev:Type"/> </Type> </GovTalkStatus> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>   Only thing different about previous XSL files is the references to two namespaces ev & gt. These are defined in the GovTalk response at the top of the response; xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/CM/envelope http://xmlgw.companieshouse.gov.uk/v1-0/schema/Egov_ch-v2-0.xsd" xmlns="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/CM/envelope" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" xmlns:gt="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/schemas/govtalk/core" If we do not put these references into the XSLT template then  the XslCompiledTransform object will not be able to find the relevant tags. Deserialization is a fairly simple activity. encoder = new ASCIIEncoding(); ms = new MemoryStream(encoder.GetBytes(statusXML)); serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(GovTalkStatus)); xmlTextWriter = new XmlTextWriter(ms, Encoding.ASCII); messageStatus = (GovTalkStatus)serializer.Deserialize(ms);   We set up a serialization object using the object type containing the error state and pass to it the results of a transformation between the XSLT above and the GovTalk response. Now we have an object containing any error state, and the error message. All we need to do is check the status. If there is an error then we can flag an error. If not then  we extract the results and pass that as an object back to the calling function. We go this by guess what – defining an XSLT template for the result and using that to create an Xml Stream which can be deserialized into a .Net object. In this instance the XSLT to create the result of a Company Number Search is; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:ev="http://www.govtalk.gov.uk/CM/envelope" xmlns:sch="http://xmlgw.companieshouse.gov.uk/v1-0/schema" exclude-result-prefixes="ev"> <xsl:template match="/"> <CompanySearchResult xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <CompanyNumber> <xsl:value-of select="ev:GovTalkMessage/ev:Body/sch:NumberSearch/sch:CoSearchItem/sch:CompanyNumber"/> </CompanyNumber> <CompanyName> <xsl:value-of select="ev:GovTalkMessage/ev:Body/sch:NumberSearch/sch:CoSearchItem/sch:CompanyName"/> </CompanyName> </CompanySearchResult> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> and the object definition is; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; namespace CompanyHub.Services { public class CompanySearchResult { public CompanySearchResult() { CompanyNumber = String.Empty; CompanyName = String.Empty; } public String CompanyNumber { get; set; } public String CompanyName { get; set; } } } Our entire code to make calls to send a request, and interpret the results are; String request = String.Empty; String response = String.Empty; GovTalkStatus status = null; fault = null; try { using (CompanyNumberSearchRequest requestObj = new CompanyNumberSearchRequest()) { requestObj.PartialCompanyNumber = CompanyNumber; request = Toolbox.CreateRequest(requestObj, "CompanyNumberSearch.xsl"); response = Toolbox.SendGovTalkRequest(request); status = Toolbox.GetMessageStatus(response); if (status.Status.ToLower() == "error") { fault = new HubFault() { Message = status.Text }; } else { Object obj = Toolbox.GetGovTalkResponse(response, "CompanyNumberSearchResult.xsl", typeof(CompanySearchResult)); } } } catch (FaultException<ArgumentException> ex) { fault = new HubFault() { FaultType = ex.Detail.GetType().FullName, Message = ex.Detail.Message }; } catch (System.Exception ex) { fault = new HubFault() { FaultType = ex.GetType().FullName, Message = ex.Message }; } finally { } Wrap up So there we have it – a reusable set of functions to send and interpret XML results from an internet based service. The code is reusable with a little change with any service which uses XML as a transport mechanism – and as for the Companies House GovTalk service all I need to do is create various objects for the result and message sent and the relevent XSLT files. I might need minor changes for other services but something like 70-90% will be exactly the same.

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  • Cisco ASA log error "regular translation creation failed for icmp ..."

    - by Martijn Heemels
    Every few seconds our new Cisco ASA 5505 firewall is logging errors that I can't figure out with my limited Cisco experience. Severity Date Time Syslog ID Source IP Destination IP Description 3 Mar 25 2010 17:21:14 305006 8.8.8.8 regular translation creation failed for icmp src inside:10.10.0.200 dst outside:8.8.8.8 (type 3, code 3) 3 Mar 25 2010 17:18:37 305006 8.8.4.4 regular translation creation failed for icmp src inside:10.10.0.200 dst outside:8.8.4.4 (type 3, code 3) The logged inside IP is our internal DNS resolver, and the outside IP's are Google's public DNS servers. ICMP Type 3 Code 3 means "Port Unreachable" Our "outside" interface has a fixed IP and our "inside" interface is in the 10.10.0.0/16 subnet. The 'Inspect DNS' Service Policy is enabled, with the preset DNS inspection map. Furthermore there's an ACL that allows all inbound ICMP on the "outside" interface. I've spent hours trying to figure this one out, so any and all advice is welcome!

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