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  • cannot boot Ubuntu after fresh install

    - by Jonathan
    I just installed Ubuntu on a Lenovo v570, and cannot boot into the system. All I get is a loop, where some (bios) info is displayed, and then the computer asks me where I would like to boot from. I tried reinstalling, reinstalling with a custom partition scheme, and boot -repair after the install. None of these work. I can see the files on my harddisk have been copied. I have installed many Ubuntus in the past, as well other distros where custom partitioning is required. I don't know where to find any useful information since I don't even get too the grub menu. One odd thing I noticed. The bios now had options to boot USB, OpenSuse,Fedora, or the HD. I am not dual booting. I also realized that the boot info is for a network boot, which means the computer is not recognizing what to boot. It is boot an HD problem, because I can install other OSs just fine. I am completely stumped. I would like to settle this, and end up with a tutorial, that explains to me what happened.

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  • Should I make up my own HTTP status codes? (a la Twitter 420: Enhance Your Calm)

    - by Max Bucknell
    I'm currently implementing an HTTP API, my first ever. I've been spending a lot of time looking at the Wikipedia page for HTTP status codes, because I'm determined to implement the right codes for the right situations. Listed on that page is a code with number 420, which is a custom code that Twitter used to use for rate limiting. There is already a code for rate limiting, though. It's 429. This led me to wonder why they would set a custom one, when there is already a use case. Is that just being cute? And if so, then which circumstances would make it acceptable to return a different status code, and what, if any problems may clients have with it? I read somewhere that Mozilla doesn't implement the joke 418: I’m a teapot response, which makes me think that clients choose which status codes they implement. If that's true, then I can imagine Twitter's funny little enhance your calm code being problematic. Unless I'm mistaken, and we can appropriate any code number to mean whatever we like, and that only convention dictates that 404 means not found, and 429 means take it easy.

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  • Best Practices PHP mvc routing

    - by dukeofweatherby
    I have a custom MVC framework that is in a constant state of evolution. There's a long standing debate with a co-worker how the routing should work. Considering the following directory structure: /core/Router.php /mvc/Controllers/{Public controllers} /mvc/Controllers/Private/{Controllers requiring valid user} /mvc/Controllers/CMS/{Controllers requiring valid user and specific roles} The question is: "Where should the current User's authentication be established: in the Router, when choosing which controller/directory to load, or in each Controller?" My argument is that when authenticating in the Router, an Error Controller is created instead of the requested Controller, informing you of your mishap; And the directory structure clearly indicates the authentication required. His argument is that a router should do routing and only routing. Leave it to the Controller to handle it on a case by case basis. This is more modular and allows more flexibility should changes need to be made by the router. PHP MVC - Custom Routing Mechanism alluded to it, but the topic was of a different nature. Alternative suggestions would be welcomed as well.

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  • Long 'Wait' Time for three php/CSS files. Is something blocking them?

    - by William Pitcher
    I have been speed optimizing a Wordpress site to little effect. There are three files CSS-related php files from the Wordpress theme that are delaying page loads on the site. One of the three files is basically one line of custom CSS from the custom CSS feature in the theme. You can see what I am talking about with this Pingdom speed test: The yellow is 'Wait'. There are no slow items in the cut-off portion of the image. The full results are here: Pingdom Results Page 1. Any thoughts on what might be causing this? I understand that I have blocking CSS or JS files, but I don't see anything that would be causing that long of a wait. When I ran the P3 Plugin Profiler, Wordpress and all plugins appeared fine -- it is the theme that is taking all the time. GTmetrix recommends avoiding dynamic queries. I assume all the ver=3.61 references are to the version of Wordpress (which I am using). I noticed that my Wordpress sites using other themes don't make this query (at least not over and over). 2. Is this typical coding practice? 3. How much negative impact do these query-strings have -- a little or a lot? I tried searching for similar questions here, please excuse me if I missed something. Sometimes, I know just enough to be dangerous.

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  • Take a snapshot with JavaFX!

    - by user12610255
    JavaFX 2.2 has a "snapshot" feature that enables you to take a picture of any node or scene. Take a look at the API Documentation and you will find new snapshot methods in the javafx.scene.Scene class. The most basic version has the following signature: public WritableImage snapshot(WritableImage image) The WritableImage class (also introduced in JavaFX 2.2) lives in the javafx.scene.image package, and represents a custom graphical image that is constructed from pixels supplied by the application. In fact, there are 5 new classes in javafx.scene.image: PixelFormat: Defines the layout of data for a pixel of a given format. WritablePixelFormat: Represents a pixel format that can store full colors and so can be used as a destination format to write pixel data from an arbitrary image. PixelReader: Defines methods for retrieving the pixel data from an Image or other surface containing pixels. PixelWriter: Defines methods for writing the pixel data of a WritableImage or other surface containing writable pixels. WritableImage: Represents a custom graphical image that is constructed from pixels supplied by the application, and possibly from PixelReader objects from any number of sources, including images read from a file or URL. The API documentation contains lots of information, so go investigate and have fun with these useful new classes! -- Scott Hommel

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  • Authenticate with Django 1.5

    - by gorjuce
    I'm currently testing django 1.5 and a custom User model, but I've some problems. I've created a User class in my account app, which looks like: class User(AbstractBaseUser): email = models.EmailField() activation_key = models.CharField(max_length=255) is_active = models.BooleanField(default=False) is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' I can correctly register a user, who is stored in my account_user table. Now, how can I log in? I've tried with: def login(request): form = AuthenticationForm() if request.method == 'POST': form = AuthenticationForm(request.POST) email = request.POST['username'] password = request.POST['password'] user = authenticate(username=email, password=password) if user is not None: if user.is_active: login(user) else: message = 'disabled account, check validation email' return render( request, 'account-login-failed.html', {'message': message} ) return render(request, 'account-login.html', {'form': form}) I can correctly register a new User My forms.py which contains my register form class RegisterForm(forms.ModelForm): """ a form to create user""" password = forms.CharField( label="Password", widget=forms.PasswordInput() ) password_confirm = forms.CharField( label="Password Repeat", widget=forms.PasswordInput() ) class Meta: model = User exclude = ('last_login', 'activation_key') def clean_password_confirm(self): password = self.cleaned_data.get("password") password_confirm = self.cleaned_data.get("password_confirm") if password and password_confirm and password != password_confirm: raise forms.ValidationError("Password don't math") return password_confirm def clean_email(self): if User.objects.filter(email__iexact=self.cleaned_data.get("email")): raise forms.ValidationError("email already exists") return self.cleaned_data['email'] def save(self): user = super(RegisterForm, self).save(commit=False) user.password = self.cleaned_data['password'] user.activation_key = generate_sha1(user.email) user.save() return user My question is: Why does authenticate give me None? I know I'm trying to authenticate() with an email as username but is that not one of the reasons to use a custom User model?

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  • Nodejs removing event listeners [migrated]

    - by JeffH
    Looking to get some help. I'm new to Nodejs and wondering if it is possible, to remove this custom event emitter. Most of this code comes from the Hand on nodejs by Pedro Teixeira. My function at the bottom is attempting to remove the custom event emitter you setup in the book. var util = require('util'); var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter; // Pseudo-class named ticker that will self emit every 1 second. var Ticker = function() { var self = this; setInterval(function() { self.emit('tick'); }, 1000); }; // Bind the new EventEmitter to the sudo class. util.inherits(Ticker, EventEmitter); // call and instance of the ticker class to get the first // event started. Then let the event emitter run the infinante loop. var ticker = new Ticker(); ticker.on('tick', function() { console.log('Tick'); }); (function tock() { setInterval(function() { console.log('Tock'); EventEmitter.removeListener('Ticker',function() { console.log("Clocks Dead!"); }); }, 5000); })();

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  • HTML Manifest for Content Folios

    - by Kyle Hatlestad
    I recently worked on a project to create a custom content folio renderer in WebCenter Content. It needed to output the native files in the folio along with a manifest file in HTML format which would list the contents of the folio along with any designated metadata and a relative link to the file within the download.  This way a person could hand someone the folio download and it would be a self-contained package with all of the content and a single file to display the information on the contents.  The default Zip rendition of the folio will output the web-viewable version of the file with an HDA formatted file for each one. And unless you are fluent in HDA or have a tool to read them, they are difficult to consume. I thought this might be useful for others, so I'm posting a copy of the component here. Beyond the standard instructions for installing a component, there is an environment configuration file (folionativezipwithmanifestrenderer_environment.cfg) which has a couple of options. FolioMetadataManifestList - This is a comma separated list of metadata fields (system or custom) that should be included in the manifest file. FolioMetadataManifestUseOriginalFilename - (True or False) If set to True, the filenames in the zip file will be based on the original filename as it was checked into WebCenter Content.  If False, it will use the 'Name' of the item as defined within the Folio.  This is usually the Title of the item. The component also includes the source code, so feel free to use this as a reference for creating other interesting folios. 

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  • MVC design patterns

    - by insane-36
    I have an application and it does not use a very good structure. However it seems to me that I have tried to stick to mvc design pattern but a senior engineer claims that I have no design patterns and code are mesh. How I have structured the code : I have couple of nsmanagedobject model classes which represents model in my case and a reskit library which encapsulates the nsurlconnection and url request. I fetch the request from the view controller itself and then when the request get completed I create predicate and then populate it in tableview. Wherever I need custom view either I create it in nib or create in a custom subclass of UIView. I have use delegation pattern and notification to communication to view controller, views and block callback with restkit. But, the senior engineer is very new to ios. He has been doing it for 2 months now but he is a good java programmer. So, what is mvc pattern ? Is core data model not working as a model objects, view controller as controller and views. I dont seem to find any other places or any other cases to create my own model object since the most of the models are used as NSManagedObject subclass.

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  • Why are prefab customizations being applied to only a single character? [on hold]

    - by m0rgul
    I've built my (networked) game to the point where I have a room, some characters and a character customization screen. In the character customization screen I get to chose gender, chose from three different wardrobe options and assign custom colors to these wardrobe items. Then I use a custom object to store these options, serialize them and store them in PlayerPrefs, then load the next scene and apply them to my chosen character in this scene. Then I go and spawn some more characters, customize them, etc. The problem is that my character is always customized, but all other characters in the scene are default copies of the prefab. The prefabs themselves are a generic male and a generic female, both with three different wardrobes to chose from (they are included in the prefab). When I spawn my character, I go to the saved options in PlayerPrefs, destroy the two discarded wardrobes, apply color to my chosen wardrobe and then spawn the character. How would it be possible to make the other characters also show up in their customized form rather than just the generic prefab (which shows all three wardrobes at the same time)?

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  • How to build an API on top of an existing Rails app with NodeJs and what architecture to use?

    - by javiayala
    The explanation I was recently hired by a company that has an old RoR 2.3 application with more than 100k users, a strong SEO strategy with more than 170k indexed urls, native android and ios applications and other custom-made mobile and web applications that rely on a not so good API from the same RoR app. They recently merged with a company from another country as an strategy to grow the business and the profit. They have almost the same stats, a similar strategy and mobile apps. We have just decided that we need to merge the data from both companies and to start a new app from scratch since the RoR app is to old and heavily patched and the app from the other company was built with a custom PHP framework without any documentation. The only good news is that both databases are in MySQL and have a similar structure. The challenge I need to build a new version that: can handle a lot of traffic, preserves the SEO strategies of both companies, serve 2 different domains, and have a strong API that can support legacy mobile apps from both companies and be ready for a new set of native apps. I want to use RoR 3.2 for the main web apps and NodeJs with a Restful API. I know that I need to be very careful with the mobile apps and handle multiple versions of the API. I also think that I need to create a service that can handle a lot IO request since the apps is heavily used to create orders for restaurants at a certain time of the day. The questions With all this in mind: What type of architecture do you recommend me to follow? What gems or node packages do you think will work the best? How do I build a new rails app and keep using the same database structure? Should I use NodeJS to build an API or just build a new service with Ruby? I know that I'm asking to much from you guys, but please help me by answering any topic that you can or by pointing me on the right direction. All your comments and feedback will be extremely appreciated! Thanks!

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  • selectLimit in JQgrid

    - by Leander
    Hallo, I have a problem. I'am trying to get some data from my database. But with a limit. So i use the selectLimit command. But when i load the grid my firebug gives the following error: "parsererror"?e:null},parse:function(d...d(a.fn.jqGrid,d);this.no_legacy_api|| When I go to the selectLimit in the jqgrid.php and print out what the function returns it normaly return an array with all 500 objects with the correct data. This is the code of the grid: <?php require_once ($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/includes_config/config.inc.php'); require_once ($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'].'/portal/classes/core/database/class_Database_control.php'); $dtb = new clsDatabaseControl(); $dtb = $dtb->getDatabase(ConnectionString); $dtb->doConnect(); require_once (ClassRoot.'/3rd/jqgrid/jq-config.php'); require_once (ClassRoot.'/3rd/jqgrid/php/jqGrid.php'); require_once (ClassRoot.'/3rd/jqgrid/php/jqGridPdo.php'); //require_once (ClassRoot.'/modules/logging/class_logging_control.php'); // //$oLogginControl = new clsLoggingControl($dtb); //$sSQL = $oLogginControl->getAanmeldingenGrid(); $sSQL = "SELECT LogAanmeldID, LogAanmeldStamp, UserFirstName, UserLastName, LogAanmeldIP, LogAanmeldMethod, LogAanmeldHost, LogAanmeldAgent FROM log_aanmelden, user WHERE log_aanmelden.LogAanmeldUserID = user.UserID"; $conn = new PDO(DB_DSN,DB_USER,DB_PASSWORD); $conn->query("SET NAMES utf8"); $grid = new jqGridRender($conn); //$grid->SelectCommand = $sSQL; $grid->selectLimit($sSQL ,500,1); $grid->dataType = 'json'; $grid->setColModel(); $grid->setUrl('modules/module_logging/index.php?grid=2'); $grid->setGridOptions(array( "hoverrows"=>true, //"sortname"=>"naam", "height"=>450 )); // Enable toolbar searching $grid->toolbarfilter = true; $grid->setFilterOptions(array("stringResult"=>true)); $grid->navigator = true; $grid->setNavOptions('navigator', array("excel"=>true,"add"=>false,"edit"=>false,"del"=>false,"view"=>true, "refresh"=>false)); $custom = <<<CUSTOM $(document).ready(function() { gridParentWidth = $(window).width(); $('#grid').jqGrid('setGridWidth',gridParentWidth-10); }) $(window).resize(function() { gridParentWidth = $(window).width(); $('#grid').jqGrid('setGridWidth',gridParentWidth-10); }); function formatAddAdresboek(cellValue, options, rowObject) { var imageHtml = "<a href='?FFID=51000&TID=1&INS=3&contactID=" + cellValue + "' originalValue='" + cellValue + "'><img border='0' alt='Toevoegen aan Persoonlijk Adresboek' src='images/16X16/new_user.gif'/></a>"; imageHtml = imageHtml + " <a href='?FFID=51000&TID=2&INS=3&contactID=" + cellValue + "' originalValue='" + cellValue + "'><img border='0' alt='Toevoegen aan Praktijk Adresboek' src='images/16X16/new_usergroup.gif'/></a>"; return imageHtml; } function unformatAddAdresboek(cellValue, options, cellObject) { return $(cellObject.html()).attr("originalValue"); } CUSTOM; $grid->setJSCode($custom); // Enjoy $grid->renderGrid('#grid','#pager',true, null, null, true,true); $conn = null; ?> When I inspect the $_GET the answer is empty and in stead of a JSON tab there is an HTML tab. When i use the selectCommand in stead of the selectLimit it return all the data correct as an json object an parses it correcly in the grid but it doens't use the LIMIT, Because when i add the limit. PDO doens't work anymore. So how do I get the object from the selectLimit to the grid? Can someone please help me get the grid working?

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  • 'normal' SVC versus 'Silverlight' SVC (WCF)

    - by Michel
    Hi, i'm trying to call a WCF service from my Silverlight 3 app. But... when trying to create a 'silverlight enabled wcf service' in my web project, my VS2008 crashes during creating the item (i think while editing the web.config). So i thought: let's create a 'normal' wcf service, and manually edit it to be a 'silverlight enabled webservice'. So i wondered what the differences are, and second: why is there a difference between a service called from a silverlight app and a non-silverlight app? This is what i have now for the binding (i have a service without an Interface contract, just a direct class exposed, to begin with): <system.serviceModel> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="RadControlsSilverlightApp1.Web.GetNewDataBehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <bindings> <customBinding> <binding name="customBinding0"> <binaryMessageEncoding /> <httpTransport /> </binding> </customBinding> </bindings> <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" /> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="RadControlsSilverlightApp1.Web.GetNewDataBehavior" name="RadControlsSilverlightApp1.Web.GetNewData"> <endpoint address="" binding="customBinding" bindingConfiguration="customBinding0" contract="RadControlsSilverlightApp1.Web.GetNewData" /> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> </service> </services> </system.serviceModel> This one doesn't work because when i add a reference to it from the silverlight app i get these messages: Warning 2 Custom tool warning: Cannot import wsdl:portType Detail: An exception was thrown while running a WSDL import extension: System.ServiceModel.Description.DataContractSerializerMessageContractImporter Error: Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation. XPath to Error Source: //wsdl:definitions[@targetNamespace='']/wsdl:portType[@name='GetNewData'] C:\Silverlight\RadControlsSilverlightApp1\RadControlsSilverlightApp1\Service References\ServiceReference1\Reference.svcmap 1 1 RadControlsSilverlightApp1 Warning 3 Custom tool warning: Cannot import wsdl:binding Detail: There was an error importing a wsdl:portType that the wsdl:binding is dependent on. XPath to wsdl:portType: //wsdl:definitions[@targetNamespace='']/wsdl:portType[@name='GetNewData'] XPath to Error Source: //wsdl:definitions[@targetNamespace='http://tempuri.org/']/wsdl:binding[@name='CustomBinding_GetNewData'] C:\Silverlight\RadControlsSilverlightApp1\RadControlsSilverlightApp1\Service References\ServiceReference1\Reference.svcmap 1 1 RadControlsSilverlightApp1 Warning 4 Custom tool warning: Cannot import wsdl:port Detail: There was an error importing a wsdl:binding that the wsdl:port is dependent on. XPath to wsdl:binding: //wsdl:definitions[@targetNamespace='http://tempuri.org/']/wsdl:binding[@name='CustomBinding_GetNewData'] XPath to Error Source: //wsdl:definitions[@targetNamespace='http://tempuri.org/']/wsdl:service[@name='GetNewData']/wsdl:port[@name='CustomBinding_GetNewData'] C:\Silverlight\RadControlsSilverlightApp1\RadControlsSilverlightApp1\Service References\ServiceReference1\Reference.svcmap 1 1 RadControlsSilverlightApp1 Warning 5 Custom tool warning: No endpoints compatible with Silverlight 3 were found. The generated client class will not be usable unless endpoint information is provided via the constructor. C:\Silverlight\RadControlsSilverlightApp1\RadControlsSilverlightApp1\Service References\ServiceReference1\Reference.svcmap 1 1 RadControlsSilverlightApp1 (ps., the service can be started in the browser, i get this: svcutil.exe http://localhost:9599/GetNewData.svc?wsdl )

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  • What's the best way to refactor this Rails controller?

    - by Robert DiNicolas
    I'd like some advice on how to best refactor this controller. The controller builds a page of zones and modules. Page has_many zones, zone has_many modules. So zones are just a cluster of modules wrapped in a container. The problem I'm having is that some modules may have some specific queries that I don't want executed on every page, so I've had to add conditions. The conditions just test if the module is on the page, if it is the query is executed. One of the problems with this is if I add a hundred special module queries, the controller has to iterate through each one. I think I would like to see these module condition moved out of the controller as well as all the additional custom actions. I can keep everything in this one controller, but I plan to have many apps using this controller so it could get messy. class PagesController < ApplicationController # GET /pages/1 # GET /pages/1.xml # Show is the main page rendering action, page routes are aliased in routes.rb def show #-+-+-+-+-Core Page Queries-+-+-+-+- @page = Page.find(params[:id]) @zones = @page.zones.find(:all, :order => 'zones.list_order ASC') @mods = @page.mods.find(:all) @columns = Page.columns # restful params to influence page rendering, see routes.rb @fragment = params[:fragment] # render single module @cluster = params[:cluster] # render single zone @head = params[:head] # render html, body and head #-+-+-+-+-Page Level Json Conversions-+-+-+-+- @metas = @page.metas ? ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(@page.metas) : nil @javascripts = @page.javascripts ? ActiveSupport::JSON.decode(@page.javascripts) : nil #-+-+-+-+-Module Specific Queries-+-+-+-+- # would like to refactor this process @mods.each do |mod| # Reps Module Custom Queries if mod.name == "reps" @reps = User.find(:all, :joins => :roles, :conditions => { :roles => { :name => 'rep' } }) end # Listing-poc Module Custom Queries if mod.name == "listing-poc" limit = params[:limit].to_i < 1 ? 10 : params[:limit] PropertyEntry.update_from_listing(mod.service_url) @properties = PropertyEntry.all(:limit => limit, :order => "city desc") end # Talents-index Module Custom Queries if mod.name == "talents-index" @talent = params[:type] @reps = User.find(:all, :joins => :talents, :conditions => { :talents => { :name => @talent } }) end end respond_to do |format| format.html # show.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @page.to_xml( :include => { :zones => { :include => :mods } } ) } format.json { render :json => @page.to_json } format.css # show.css.erb, CSS dependency manager template end end # for property listing ajax request def update_properties limit = params[:limit].to_i < 1 ? 10 : params[:limit] offset = params[:offset] @properties = PropertyEntry.all(:limit => limit, :offset => offset, :order => "city desc") #render :nothing => true end end So imagine a site with a hundred modules and scores of additional controller actions. I think most would agree that it would be much cleaner if I could move that code out and refactor it to behave more like a configuration.

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  • CFStrings and storing them into models, related topics

    - by Jasconius
    I have a very frustrating issue that I believe involves CFStringRef and passing them along to custom model properties. The code is pretty messy right now as I am in a debug state, but I will try to describe the problem in words as best as I can. I have a custom model, User, which for irrelevant reasons, I am storing CF types derived from the Address Book API into. Examples include: Name, email as NSStrings. I am simply retrieving the CFStringRef value from the AddressBook API and casting as a string, whereupon I assign to the custom model instance and then CFRelease the string. These NSString properties are set as (nonatomic, retain). I then store this model into an NSArray, and I use this Array as a datasource for a UITableView When accessing the object in the cellForRowAtIndexPath, I get a memory access error. When I do a Debug, I see that the value for this datasource array appears at first glance to be corrupted. I've seen strange values assigned to it, including just plain strings, such as one that I fed to an NSLog function in earlier in the method. So, the thing that leads me to believe that this is Core Foundation related is that I am executing this exact same code, in the same class even, on non-Address Book data, in fact, just good old JSON parsed strings, which produce true Cocoa NSStrings, that I follow the same exact steps to create the datasource array. This code works fine. I have a feeling that my (retain) property declaration and/or my [stringVar release] in my custom model dealloc method may be causing memory problems (since it is my understanding that you shouldn't call a Cocoa retain or release on a CF object). Here is the code. I know some of this is super-roundabout but I was trying to make things as explicit as possible for the sake of debugging. NSMutableArray *friendUsers = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; int numberOfPeople = CFArrayGetCount(people); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfPeople; i++) { ABMutableMultiValueRef emails = ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonEmailProperty); if (ABMultiValueGetCount(emails) > 0) { User *addressContact = [[User alloc] init]; NSString *firstName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonFirstNameProperty); NSString *lastName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonLastNameProperty); NSLog(@"%@ and %@", firstName, lastName); NSString *fullName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@", firstName, lastName]; NSString *email = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", (NSString *)ABMultiValueCopyValueAtIndex(emails, 0)]; NSLog(@"the email: %@", email); [addressContact setName:fullName]; [addressContact setEmail:email]; [friendUsers addObject:addressContact]; [firstName release]; [lastName release]; [email release]; [addressContact release]; } CFRelease(emails); } NSLog(@"friend count: %d", [friendUsers count]); abFriends = [NSArray arrayWithArray:friendUsers]; [friendUsers release]; All of that works, every logging statement returns as expected. But when I use abFriends as a datasource, poof. Dead. Is my approach all wrong? Any advice?

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  • customizing into a reusable component in flex

    - by Fresher4Flex
    need to make a reusable custom component from the existing code here. So that I can use this code to make this effect(view stack) to work in any direction. In the code it has user specified height and works from downside. I need to make this component customizable, something like user is able do it in any direction.I need it urgently. I appreciate your help. 1)main Application: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:WindowedApplication xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" layout="absolute" xmlns:sh="windowShade.*"> <sh:Shade id="i1" height="15" headerHeight="14" thisHeight="215" alwaysOnTop="false" y="{this.height - 14}"/> </mx:WindowedApplication> 2)Custom Comp: Shade.mxml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:VBox xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" width="100%" height="300" creationComplete="init()" verticalScrollPolicy="off" verticalGap="0" > <mx:Script> <![CDATA[ import mx.core.Container; import mx.core.Application; import mx.controls.Alert; import mx.effects.easing.*; import mx.binding.utils.BindingUtils; /** * Need host to adjust this object to Top */ public var alwaysOnTop:Boolean = false; /** * User can custom the height of this component */ public var thisHeight:int = 0; /** * User can custom the header height of this component */ [Bindable] public var headerHeight:int = 14; /** * The bindable value of this height */ [Bindable] public var tHeight:int = 0; /** * The bindable value of parent height */ [Bindable] public var pHeight:int = 0; /** * Initialize method */ private function init():void { if (this.thisHeight > 0 ) this.height = this.thisHeight; BindingUtils.bindProperty(this, "tHeight",this,"height" ); BindingUtils.bindProperty(this, "pHeight",this.parent,"height" ); } /** * Toggle button */ private function toggleBtn(e:MouseEvent):void { if (this.alwaysOnTop) { var container:Container = Application.application as Container; container.setChildIndex(this.parent, container.numChildren - 1 ); } if ( vs.selectedIndex == 0 ) panelOut.play(); else panelIn.play(); } ]]> </mx:Script> <mx:Move id="panelOut" target="{this}" yTo="{ pHeight - this.tHeight }" effectEnd="vs.selectedIndex = 1" duration="600" easingFunction="Back.easeOut"/> <mx:Move id="panelIn" target="{this}" yTo="{ this.pHeight - headerHeight }" effectEnd="vs.selectedIndex = 0" duration="600" easingFunction="Back.easeIn"/> <mx:VBox horizontalAlign="center" width="100%"> <mx:ViewStack id="vs" width="100%"> <mx:VBox horizontalAlign="center" > <mx:Label text="VBox 1"/> <mx:Image source="@Embed('/windowShade/add.png')" click="toggleBtn(event)"/> </mx:VBox> <mx:VBox horizontalAlign="center"> <mx:Label text="2nd VBox"/> <mx:Image source="@Embed('/windowShade/back.png')" click="toggleBtn(event)"/> </mx:VBox> </mx:ViewStack> </mx:VBox> <mx:VBox id="drawer" height="100%" width="100%" backgroundColor="#000000"> </mx:VBox> </mx:VBox>

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  • Make wix installation set upgrade to same folder

    - by Magnus Akselvoll
    How can I make a major upgrade to an installation set (MSI) built with Wix install into the same folder as the original installation? The installation is correctly detected as an upgrade, but the directory selection screen is still shown and with the default value (not necessarily the current installation folder). Do I have to do manual work like saving the installation folder in a registry key upon first installing and then read this key upon upgrade? If so, is there any example? Or is there some easier way to achieve this in MSI / Wix? As reference I paste in my current Wix file below: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- Package information --> <Package Keywords="Installer" Id="e85e6190-1cd4-49f5-8924-9da5fcb8aee8" Description="Installs MyCompany Integration Framework 1.0.0" Comments="Installs MyCompany Integration Framework 1.0.0" InstallerVersion="100" Compressed="yes" /> <Upgrade Id='9071eacc-9b5a-48e3-bb90-8064d2b2c45d'> <UpgradeVersion Property="PATCHFOUND" OnlyDetect="no" Minimum="0.0.1" IncludeMinimum="yes" Maximum="1.0.0" IncludeMaximum="yes"/> </Upgrade> <!-- Useless but necessary... --> <Media Id="1" Cabinet="MyCompany.cab" EmbedCab="yes" /> <!-- Precondition: .Net 2 must be installed --> <Condition Message='This setup requires the .NET Framework 2 or higher.'> <![CDATA[MsiNetAssemblySupport >= "2.0.50727"]]> </Condition> <Directory Id="TARGETDIR" Name="SourceDir"> <Directory Id="MyCompany" Name="MyCompany"> <Directory Id="INSTALLDIR" Name="Integrat" LongName="MyCompany Integration Framework"> <Component Id="MyCompanyDllComponent" Guid="4f362043-03a0-472d-a84f-896522ce7d2b" DiskId="1"> <File Id="MyCompanyIntegrationDll" Name="IbIntegr.dll" src="..\Build\MyCompany.Integration.dll" Vital="yes" LongName="MyCompany.Integration.dll" /> <File Id="MyCompanyServiceModelDll" Name="IbSerMod.dll" src="..\Build\MyCompany.ServiceModel.dll" Vital="yes" LongName="MyCompany.ServiceModel.dll" /> </Component> <!-- More components --> </Directory> </Directory> </Directory> <Feature Id="MyCompanyProductFeature" Title='MyCompany Integration Framework' Description='The complete package' Display='expand' Level="1" InstallDefault='local' ConfigurableDirectory="INSTALLDIR"> <ComponentRef Id="MyCompanyDllComponent" /> </Feature> <!-- Task scheduler application. It has to be used as a property --> <Property Id="finaltaskexe" Value="MyCompany.Integration.Host.exe" /> <Property Id="WIXUI_INSTALLDIR" Value="INSTALLDIR" /> <InstallExecuteSequence> <!-- command must be executed: MyCompany.Integration.Host.exe /INITIALCONFIG parameters.xml --> <Custom Action='PropertyAssign' After='InstallFinalize'>NOT Installed AND NOT PATCHFOUND</Custom> <Custom Action='LaunchFile' After='InstallFinalize'>NOT Installed AND NOT PATCHFOUND</Custom> <RemoveExistingProducts Before='CostInitialize' /> </InstallExecuteSequence> <!-- execute comand --> <CustomAction Id='PropertyAssign' Property='PathProperty' Value='[INSTALLDIR][finaltaskexe]' /> <CustomAction Id='LaunchFile' Property='PathProperty' ExeCommand='/INITIALCONFIG "[INSTALLDIR]parameters.xml"' Return='asyncNoWait' /> <!-- User interface information --> <UIRef Id="WixUI_InstallDir" /> <UIRef Id="WixUI_ErrorProgressText" />

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  • HttpContext.Items and Server.Transfer/Execute

    - by Rick Strahl
    A few days ago my buddy Ben Jones pointed out that he ran into a bug in the ScriptContainer control in the West Wind Web and Ajax Toolkit. The problem was basically that when a Server.Transfer call was applied the script container (and also various ClientScriptProxy script embedding routines) would potentially fail to load up the specified scripts. It turns out the problem is due to the fact that the various components in the toolkit use request specific singletons via a Current property. I use a static Current property tied to a Context.Items[] entry to handle this type of operation which looks something like this: /// <summary> /// Current instance of this class which should always be used to /// access this object. There are no public constructors to /// ensure the reference is used as a Singleton to further /// ensure that all scripts are written to the same clientscript /// manager. /// </summary> public static ClientScriptProxy Current { get { if (HttpContext.Current == null) return new ClientScriptProxy(); ClientScriptProxy proxy = null; if (HttpContext.Current.Items.Contains(STR_CONTEXTID)) proxy = HttpContext.Current.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] as ClientScriptProxy; else { proxy = new ClientScriptProxy(); HttpContext.Current.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] = proxy; } return proxy; } } The proxy is attached to a Context.Items[] item which makes the instance Request specific. This works perfectly fine in most situations EXCEPT when you’re dealing with Server.Transfer/Execute requests. Server.Transfer doesn’t cause Context.Items to be cleared so both the current transferred request and the original request’s Context.Items collection apply. For the ClientScriptProxy this causes a problem because script references are tracked on a per request basis in Context.Items to check for script duplication. Once a script is rendered an ID is written into the Context collection and so considered ‘rendered’: // No dupes - ref script include only once if (HttpContext.Current.Items.Contains( STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER + fileId ) ) return; HttpContext.Current.Items.Add(STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER + fileId, string.Empty); where the fileId is the script name or unique identifier. The problem is on the Transferred page the item will already exist in Context and so fail to render because it thinks the script has already rendered based on the Context item. Bummer. The workaround for this is simple once you know what’s going on, but in this case it was a bitch to track down because the context items are used in many places throughout this class. The trick is to determine when a request is transferred and then removing the specific keys. The first issue is to determine if a script is in a Trransfer or Execute call: if (HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler != HttpContext.Current.Handler) Context.Handler is the original handler and CurrentHandler is the actual currently executing handler that is running when a Transfer/Execute is active. You can also use Context.PreviousHandler to get the last handler and chain through the whole list of handlers applied if Transfer calls are nested (dog help us all for the person debugging that). For the ClientScriptProxy the full logic to check for a transfer and remove the code looks like this: /// <summary> /// Clears all the request specific context items which are script references /// and the script placement index. /// </summary> public void ClearContextItemsOnTransfer() { if (HttpContext.Current != null) { // Check for Server.Transfer/Execute calls - we need to clear out Context.Items if (HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler != HttpContext.Current.Handler) { List<string> Keys = HttpContext.Current.Items.Keys.Cast<string>().Where(s => s.StartsWith(STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER) || s == STR_ScriptResourceIndex).ToList(); foreach (string key in Keys) { HttpContext.Current.Items.Remove(key); } } } } along with a small update to the Current property getter that sets a global flag to indicate whether the request was transferred: if (!proxy.IsTransferred && HttpContext.Current.Handler != HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler) { proxy.ClearContextItemsOnTransfer(); proxy.IsTransferred = true; } return proxy; I know this is pretty ugly, but it works and it’s actually minimal fuss without affecting the behavior of the rest of the class. Ben had a different solution that involved explicitly clearing out the Context items and replacing the collection with a manually maintained list of items which also works, but required changes through the code to make this work. In hindsight, it would have been better to use a single object that encapsulates all the ‘persisted’ values and store that object in Context instead of all these individual small morsels. Hindsight is always 20/20 though :-}. If possible use Page.Items ClientScriptProxy is a generic component that can be used from anywhere in ASP.NET, so there are various methods that are not Page specific on this component which is why I used Context.Items, rather than the Page.Items collection.Page.Items would be a better choice since it will sidestep the above Server.Transfer nightmares as the Page is reloaded completely and so any new Page gets a new Items collection. No fuss there. So for the ScriptContainer control, which has to live on the page the behavior is a little different. It is attached to Page.Items (since it’s a control): /// <summary> /// Returns a current instance of this control if an instance /// is already loaded on the page. Otherwise a new instance is /// created, added to the Form and returned. /// /// It's important this function is not called too early in the /// page cycle - it should not be called before Page.OnInit(). /// /// This property is the preferred way to get a reference to a /// ScriptContainer control that is either already on a page /// or needs to be created. Controls in particular should always /// use this property. /// </summary> public static ScriptContainer Current { get { // We need a context for this to work! if (HttpContext.Current == null) return null; Page page = HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler as Page; if (page == null) throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.ERROR_ScriptContainer_OnlyWorks_With_PageBasedHandlers); ScriptContainer ctl = null; // Retrieve the current instance ctl = page.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] as ScriptContainer; if (ctl != null) return ctl; ctl = new ScriptContainer(); page.Form.Controls.Add(ctl); return ctl; } } The biggest issue with this approach is that you have to explicitly retrieve the page in the static Current property. Notice again the use of CurrentHandler (rather than Handler which was my original implementation) to ensure you get the latest page including the one that Server.Transfer fired. Server.Transfer and Server.Execute are Evil All that said – this fix is probably for the 2 people who are crazy enough to rely on Server.Transfer/Execute. :-} There are so many weird behavior problems with these commands that I avoid them at all costs. I don’t think I have a single application that uses either of these commands… Related Resources Full source of ClientScriptProxy.cs (repository) Part of the West Wind Web Toolkit Static Singletons for ASP.NET Controls Post © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET  

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  • JavaScript Data Binding Frameworks

    - by dwahlin
    Data binding is where it’s at now days when it comes to building client-centric Web applications. Developers experienced with desktop frameworks like WPF or web frameworks like ASP.NET, Silverlight, or others are used to being able to take model objects containing data and bind them to UI controls quickly and easily. When moving to client-side Web development the data binding story hasn’t been great since neither HTML nor JavaScript natively support data binding. This means that you have to write code to place data in a control and write code to extract it. Although it’s certainly feasible to do it from scratch (many of us have done it this way for years), it’s definitely tedious and not exactly the best solution when it comes to maintenance and re-use. Over the last few years several different script libraries have been released to simply the process of binding data to HTML controls. In fact, the subject of data binding is becoming so popular that it seems like a new script library is being released nearly every week. Many of the libraries provide MVC/MVVM pattern support in client-side JavaScript apps and some even integrate directly with server frameworks like Node.js. Here’s a quick list of a few of the available libraries that support data binding (if you like any others please add a comment and I’ll try to keep the list updated): AngularJS MVC framework for data binding (although closely follows the MVVM pattern). Backbone.js MVC framework with support for models, key/value binding, custom events, and more. Derby Provides a real-time environment that runs in the browser an in Node.js. The library supports data binding and templates. Ember Provides support for templates that automatically update as data changes. JsViews Data binding framework that provides “interactive data-driven views built on top of JsRender templates”. jQXB Expression Binder Lightweight jQuery plugin that supports bi-directional data binding support. KnockoutJS MVVM framework with robust support for data binding. For an excellent look at using KnockoutJS check out John Papa’s course on Pluralsight. Meteor End to end framework that uses Node.js on the server and provides support for data binding on  the client. Simpli5 JavaScript framework that provides support for two-way data binding. WinRT with HTML5/JavaScript If you’re building Windows 8 applications using HTML5 and JavaScript there’s built-in support for data binding in the WinJS library.   I won’t have time to write about each of these frameworks, but in the next post I’m going to talk about my (current) favorite when it comes to client-side JavaScript data binding libraries which is AngularJS. AngularJS provides an extremely clean way – in my opinion - to extend HTML syntax to support data binding while keeping model objects (the objects that hold the data) free from custom framework method calls or other weirdness. While I’m writing up the next post, feel free to visit the AngularJS developer guide if you’d like additional details about the API and want to get started using it.

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  • Michael Crump&rsquo;s notes for 70-563 PRO &ndash; Designing and Developing Windows Applications usi

    - by mbcrump
    TIME TO GO PRO! This is my notes for 70-563 PRO – Designing and Developing Windows Applications using .NET Framework 3.5 I created it using several resources (various certification web sites, msdn, official ms 70-548 book). The reason that I created this review is because a) I am taking the exam. b) MS did not create a book for this exam. Use the(MS 70-548)book. c) To make sure I am familiar with each before the exam. I hope that it provides a good start for your own notes. I hope that someone finds this useful. At least, it will give you a starting point of what to expect to know on the PRO exam. Also, for those wondering, the PRO exam does contains very little code. It is basically all theory. 1. Validation Controls – How to prevent users from entering invalid data on forms. (MaskedTextBox control and RegEx) 2. ServiceController – used to start and control the behavior of existing services. 3. User Feedback (know winforms Status Bar, Tool Tips, Color, Error Provider, Context-Sensitive and Accessibility) 4. Specific (derived) exceptions must be handled before general (base class) exceptions. By moving the exception handling for the base type Exception to after exception handling of ArgumentNullException, all ArgumentNullException thrown by the Helper method will be caught and logged correctly. 5. A heartbeat method is a method exposed by a Web service that allows external applications to check on the status of the service. 6. New users must master key tasks quickly. Giving these tasks context and appropriate detail will help. However, advanced users will demand quicker paths. Shortcuts, accelerators, or toolbar buttons will speed things along for the advanced user. 7. MSBuild uses project files to instruct the build engine what to build and how to build it. MSBuild project files are XML files that adhere to the MSBuild XML schema. The MSBuild project files contain complete file, build action, and dependency information for each individual projects. 8. Evaluating whether or not to fix a bug involves a triage process. You must identify the bug's impact, set the priority, categorize it, and assign a developer. Many times the person doing the triage work will assign the bug to a developer for further investigation. In fact, the workflow for the bug work item inside of Team System supports this step. Developers are often asked to assess the impact of a given bug. This assessment helps the person doing the triage make a decision on how to proceed. When assessing the impact of a bug, you should consider time and resources to fix it, bug risk, and impacts of the bug. 9. In large projects it is generally impossible and unfeasible to fix all bugs because of the impact on schedule and budget. 10. Code reviews should be conducted by a technical lead or a technical peer. 11. Testing Applications 12. WCF Services – application state 13. SQL Server 2005 / 2008 Express Edition – reliable storage of data / Microsoft SQL Server 3.5 Compact Database– used for client computers to retrieve and save data from a shared location. 14. SQL Server 2008 Compact Edition – used for minimum possible memory and can synchronize data with a corporate SQL Server 2008 Database. Supports offline user and minimum dependency on external components. 15. MDI and SDI Forms (specifically IsMDIContainer) 16. GUID – in the case of data warehousing, it is important to define unique keys. 17. Encrypting / Security Data 18. Understanding of Isolated Storage/Proper location to store items 19. LINQ to SQL 20. Multithreaded access 21. ADO.NET Entity Framework model 22. Marshal.ReleaseComObject 23. Common User Interface Layout (ComboBox, ListBox, Listview, MaskedTextBox, TextBox, RichTextBox, SplitContainer, TableLayoutPanel, TabControl) 24. DataSets Class - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.dataset%28VS.71%29.aspx 25. SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services (SSRS) 26. SystemIcons.Shield (Vista UAC) 27. Leverging stored procedures to perform data manipulation for a database schema that can change. 28. DataContext 29. Microsoft Windows Installer Packages, ClickOnce(bootstrapping features), XCopy. 30. Client Application Services – will authenticate users by using the same data source as a ASP.NET web application. 31. SQL Server 2008 Caching 32. StringBuilder 33. Accessibility Guidelines for Windows Applications http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms228004.aspx 34. Logging erros 35. Testing performance related issues. 36. Role Based Security, GenericIdentity and GenericPrincipal 37. System.Net.CookieContainer will store session data for webapps (see isolated storage for winforms) 38. .NET CLR Profiler tool will identify objects that cause performance issues. 39. ADO.NET Synchronization (SyncGroup) 40. Globalization - CultureInfo 41. IDisposable Interface- reports on several questions relating to this. 42. Adding timestamps to determine whether data has changed or not. 43. Converting applications to .NET Framework 3.5 44. MicrosoftReportViewer 45. Composite Controls 46. Windows Vista KNOWN folders. 47. Microsoft Sync Framework 48. TypeConverter -Provides a unified way of converting types of values to other types, as well as for accessing standard values and sub properties. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.componentmodel.typeconverter.aspx 49. Concurrency control mechanisms The main categories of concurrency control mechanisms are: Optimistic - Delay the checking of whether a transaction meets the isolation rules (e.g., serializability and recoverability) until its end, without blocking any of its (read, write) operations, and then abort a transaction, if the desired rules are violated. Pessimistic - Block operations of a transaction, if they may cause violation of the rules. Semi-optimistic - Block operations in some situations, and do not block in other situations, while delaying rules checking to transaction's end, as done with optimistic. 50. AutoResetEvent 51. Microsoft Messaging Queue (MSMQ) 4.0 52. Bulk imports 53. KeyDown event of controls 54. WPF UI components 55. UI process layer 56. GAC (installing, removing and queuing) 57. Use a local database cache to reduce the network bandwidth used by applications. 58. Sound can easily be annoying and distracting to users, so use it judiciously. Always give users the option to turn sound off. Because a user might have sound off, never convey important information through sound alone.

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  • ASP.NET Dynamic Data Deployment Error

    - by rajbk
    You have an ASP.NET 3.5 dynamic data website that works great on your local box. When you deploy it to your production machine and turn on debug, you get the YSD Server Error in '/MyPath/MyApp' Application. Parser Error Description: An error occurred during the parsing of a resource required to service this request. Please review the following specific parse error details and modify your source file appropriately. Parser Error Message: Unknown server tag 'asp:DynamicDataManager'. Source Error: Line 5:  Line 6:  <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server"> Line 7:      <asp:DynamicDataManager ID="DynamicDataManager1" runat="server" AutoLoadForeignKeys="true" /> Line 8:  Line 9:      <h2><%= table.DisplayName%></h2> Probable Causes The server does not have .NET 3.5 SP1, which includes ASP.NET Dynamic Data, installed. Download it here. The third tagPrefix shown below is missing from web.config <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.WebControls" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.DynamicData" assembly="System.Web.DynamicData, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </controls></pages>     Hope that helps!

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  • Traditional ASP.Net WebForms vs ASP.Net MVC

    - by Pankaj Upadhyay
    ASP.Net MVC has been around for some time now. The latest one, i.e MVC3 comes with Razor View Engine. My question: How long is traditional ASP.Net here to stay. Does Microsoft have any plans to eliminate it in aid of ASP.Net MVC in the future and will the next release of VS incorporate it? Also, I would like to know if there is any merit of traditional over ASP.Net MVC, other than the controls-aid?

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  • Code excavations, wishful invocations, perimeters and domain specific unit test frameworks

    - by RoyOsherove
    One of the talks I did at QCON London was about a subject that I’ve come across fairly recently , when I was building SilverUnit – a “pure” unit test framework for silverlight objects that depend on the silverlight runtime to run. It is the concept of “cogs in the machine” – when your piece of code needs to run inside a host framework or runtime that you have little or no control over for testability related matters. Examples of such cogs and machines can be: your custom control running inside silverlight runtime in the browser your plug-in running inside an IDE your activity running inside a windows workflow your code running inside a java EE bean your code inheriting from a COM+ (enterprise services) component etc.. Not all of these are necessarily testability problems. The main testability problem usually comes when your code actually inherits form something inside the system. For example. one of the biggest problems with testing objects like silverlight controls is the way they depend on the silverlight runtime – they don’t implement some silverlight interface, they don’t just call external static methods against the framework runtime that surrounds them – they actually inherit parts of the framework: they all inherit (in this case) from the silverlight DependencyObject Wrapping it up? An inheritance dependency is uniquely challenging to bring under test, because “classic” methods such as wrapping the object under test with a framework wrapper will not work, and the only way to do manually is to create parallel testable objects that get delegated with all the possible actions from the dependencies.    In silverlight’s case, that would mean creating your own custom logic class that would be called directly from controls that inherit from silverlight, and would be tested independently of these controls. The pro side is that you get the benefit of understanding the “contract” and the “roles” your system plays against your logic, but unfortunately, more often than not, it can be very tedious to create, and may sometimes feel unnecessary or like code duplication. About perimeters A perimeter is that invisible line that your draw around your pieces of logic during a test, that separate the code under test from any dependencies that it uses. Most of the time, a test perimeter around an object will be the list of seams (dependencies that can be replaced such as interfaces, virtual methods etc.) that are actually replaced for that test or for all the tests. Role based perimeters In the case of creating a wrapper around an object – one really creates a “role based” perimeter around the logic that is being tested – that wrapper takes on roles that are required by the code under test, and also communicates with the host system to implement those roles and provide any inputs to the logic under test. in the image below – we have the code we want to test represented as a star. No perimeter is drawn yet (we haven’t wrapped it up in anything yet). in the image below is what happens when you wrap your logic with a role based wrapper – you get a role based perimeter anywhere your code interacts with the system: There’s another way to bring that code under test – using isolation frameworks like typemock, rhino mocks and MOQ (but if your code inherits from the system, Typemock might be the only way to isolate the code from the system interaction.   Ad-Hoc Isolation perimeters the image below shows what I call ad-hoc perimeter that might be vastly different between different tests: This perimeter’s surface is much smaller, because for that specific test, that is all the “change” that is required to the host system behavior.   The third way of isolating the code from the host system is the main “meat” of this post: Subterranean perimeters Subterranean perimeters are Deep rooted perimeters  - “always on” seams that that can lie very deep in the heart of the host system where they are fully invisible even to the test itself, not just to the code under test. Because they lie deep inside a system you can’t control, the only way I’ve found to control them is with runtime (not compile time) interception of method calls on the system. One way to get such abilities is by using Aspect oriented frameworks – for example, in SilverUnit, I’ve used the CThru AOP framework based on Typemock hooks and CLR profilers to intercept such system level method calls and effectively turn them into seams that lie deep down at the heart of the silverlight runtime. the image below depicts an example of what such a perimeter could look like: As you can see, the actual seams can be very far away form the actual code under test, and as you’ll discover, that’s actually a very good thing. Here is only a partial list of examples of such deep rooted seams : disabling the constructor of a base class five levels below the code under test (this.base.base.base.base) faking static methods of a type that’s being called several levels down the stack: method x() calls y() calls z() calls SomeType.StaticMethod()  Replacing an async mechanism with a synchronous one (replacing all timers with your own timer behavior that always Ticks immediately upon calls to “start()” on the same caller thread for example) Replacing event mechanisms with your own event mechanism (to allow “firing” system events) Changing the way the system saves information with your own saving behavior (in silverunit, I replaced all Dependency Property set and get with calls to an in memory value store instead of using the one built into silverlight which threw exceptions without a browser) several questions could jump in: How do you know what to fake? (how do you discover the perimeter?) How do you fake it? Wouldn’t this be problematic  - to fake something you don’t own? it might change in the future How do you discover the perimeter to fake? To discover a perimeter all you have to do is start with a wishful invocation. a wishful invocation is the act of trying to invoke a method (or even just create an instance ) of an object using “regular” test code. You invoke the thing that you’d like to do in a real unit test, to see what happens: Can I even create an instance of this object without getting an exception? Can I invoke this method on that instance without getting an exception? Can I verify that some call into the system happened? You make the invocation, get an exception (because there is a dependency) and look at the stack trace. choose a location in the stack trace and disable it. Then try the invocation again. if you don’t get an exception the perimeter is good for that invocation, so you can move to trying out other methods on that object. in a future post I will show the process using CThru, and how you end up with something close to a domain specific test framework after you’re done creating the perimeter you need.

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