sql function - Page 294

On Comparing Tables in SQL Server

How do you compare two SQL tables? Every SQL Developer or DBA knows the answer, which is 'it depends'. It is not just the size of the table or the type of data in it but what you want to achieve. Phil Factor sets about to cover the basics and point out some snags and advantages to the various techniques. FREE eBook – "45 Database Performance Tips for Developers"Improve your database performance with 45 tips from SQL Server MVPs and industry experts. Get the eBook here.

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Steps to add Log Shipping monitor into an existing SQL Server

I have a requirement to add the Log Shipping Monitor for an existing installation. I have heard you can only complete this by rebuilding the Log Shipping infrastructure. Is that true? Are there any other options? In this tip I will explain how we can add the Log Shipping monitor to a SQL Server 2005, 2008, 2008 R2 or 2012 environment without rebuilding the Log Shipping installation. "It's the freaking iPhone of SQL monitoring""Everyone just gets it… that has tremendous value" - Rob Sullivan, DBA, IdeasRun. Get started with SQL Monitor today - download a free trial.

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How to Identify and Backup the Latest SQL Server Database in a Series

I have to support a third party application that periodically creates a new database on the fly. This obviously causes issues with our backup mechanisms. The databases have a particular pattern for naming, so I can identify the set of databases, however, I need to make sure I'm always backing up the newest one. Read this tip to ensure you are backing up your latest database in a series. Is your SQL Database under Version Control?SSMS plug-in SQL Source Control connects SVN, TFS, Git, Hg and all others to SQL Server. Learn more.

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SQL Saturday #303 - Rochester, NY

Don’t miss your opportunity to attend SQL Saturday #303, the largest FREE training event dedicated exclusively to SQL Server Administration, Development and Business Intelligence to hit Rochester, NY. This event also features 2 paid-for preconferences, run by Bill Pearson and David Klee. Register while space if available. 24% of devs don’t use database source control – make sure you aren’t one of themVersion control is standard for application code, but databases haven’t caught up. So what steps can you take to put your SQL databases under version control? Why should you start doing it? Read more to find out…

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Free eBook: SQL Server Execution Plans, Second Edition

Every day, out in the various online forums devoted to SQL Server, and on Twitter, the same types of questions come up repeatedly: Why is this query running slowly? Why is SQL Server ignoring my index? Why does this query run quickly sometimes and slowly at others? My response is the same in each case: have you looked at the execution plan? "A real time saver" Andy Doyle, Head of IT ServicesAndy and his team saved time by automating backup and restores with SQL Backup Pro. Find out how much time you could save. Download a free trial now.

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Calculating Values within a Rolling Window in Transact SQL

Before the SQL Window functions were implemented, it was tricky to calculate rolling totals or moving averages efficiently in SQL Server. There are now a number of techniques, but which has the best performance? Dwain Camps gets out the metaphorical stopwatch. Get your SQL Server database under version control now!Version control is standard for applications, but databases haven’t caught up. So how can you bring database development up to speed? Why should you start? Find out…

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Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) in SQL Server

There are several ways to implement encryption in SQL Server; Arshad Ali focuses on Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), which was introduced in SQL Server 2008 and is available in later releases. 24% of devs don’t use database source control – make sure you aren’t one of themVersion control is standard for application code, but databases haven’t caught up. So what steps can you take to put your SQL databases under version control? Why should you start doing it? Read more to find out…

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Undo Table Partitioning - SQL Server 2008

- by Binder

I have a table 'X' and did the following CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION PF1(INT) AS RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES (1, 2, 3, 4) CREATE PARTITION SCHEME PS1 AS PARTITION PF1 ALL TO ([PRIMARY]) CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX CIDX_X ON X(col1) ON PS1(col1) this 3 steps created 4 logical partitions of the data I had. My question is, how do i revert this partitioning to its original state ?

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SQL Stored Procedure: Business Hours

- by Jacob

How can I create a stored procedure that accepts a start and end date.(e.g April 1 - April 30 1.) Get the business days including Saturdays x (a value). Plus 2.) Get Holidays x (a value) and return the total. I'm new to this, I guess it would be a tsql function. hmm. any help would be appreciated. Thanks

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Many to Many with LINQ-To-Sql and ASP.NET MVC

- by Jonathan Stowell

Hi All, I will restrict this to the three tables I am trying to work with Problem, Communications, and ProbComms. The scenario is that a Student may have many Problems concurrently which may affect their studies. Lecturers may have future communications with a student after an initial problem is logged, however as a Student may have multiple Problems the Lecturer may decide that the discussion they had is related to more than one Problem. Here is a screenshot of the LINQ-To-Sql representation of my DB: LINQ-To-Sql Screenshot At the moment in my StudentController I have a StudentFormViewModel Class: // //ViewModel Class public class StudentFormViewModel { IProbCommRepository probCommRepository; // Properties public Student Student { get; private set; } public IEnumerable<ProbComm> ProbComm { get; private set; } // // Dependency Injection enabled constructors public StudentFormViewModel(Student student, IEnumerable<ProbComm> probComm) : this(new ProbCommRepository()) { this.Student = student; this.ProbComm = probComm; } public StudentFormViewModel(IProbCommRepository pRepository) { probCommRepository = pRepository; } } When I go to the Students Detail Page this runs: public ActionResult Details(string id) { StudentFormViewModel viewdata = new StudentFormViewModel(studentRepository.GetStudent(id), probCommRepository.FindAllProblemComms(id)); if (viewdata == null) return View("NotFound"); else return View(viewdata); } The GetStudent works fine and returns an instance of the student to output on the page, below the student I output all problems logged against them, but underneath these problems I want to show the communications related to the Problem. The LINQ I am using for ProbComms is This is located in the Model class ProbCommRepository, and accessed via a IProbCommRepository interface: public IQueryable<ProbComm> FindAllProblemComms(string studentEmail) { return (from p in db.ProbComms where p.Problem.StudentEmail.Equals(studentEmail) orderby p.Problem.ProblemDateTime select p); } However for example if I have this data in the ProbComms table: ProblemID CommunicationID 1 1 1 2 The query returns two rows so I assume I somehow have to groupby Problem or ProblemID but I am not too sure how to do this with the way I have built things as the return type has to be ProbComm for the query as thats what Model class its located in. When it comes to the view the Details.aspx calls two partial views each passing the relevant view data through, StudentDetails works fine page: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MitigatingCircumstances.Controllers.StudentFormViewModel>" %> <% Html.RenderPartial("StudentDetails", this.ViewData.Model.Student); %> <% Html.RenderPartial("StudentProblems", this.ViewData.Model.ProbComm); %> StudentProblems uses a foreach loop to loop through records in the Model and I am trying another foreach loop to output the communication details: <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<IEnumerable<MitigatingCircumstances.Models.ProbComm>>" %> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $("DIV.ContainerPanel > DIV.collapsePanelHeader > DIV.ArrowExpand").toggle( function() { $(this).parent().next("div.Content").show("slow"); $(this).attr("class", "ArrowClose"); }, function() { $(this).parent().next("div.Content").hide("slow"); $(this).attr("class", "ArrowExpand"); }); }); </script> <div class="studentProblems"> <% var i = 0; foreach (var item in Model) { %> <div id="ContainerPanel<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="ContainerPanel"> <div id="header<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="collapsePanelHeader"> <div id="dvHeaderText<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="HeaderContent"><%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:dd/MM/yyyy}", item.Problem.ProblemDateTime))%></div> <div id="dvArrow<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="ArrowExpand"></div> </div> <div id="dvContent<%= i = i + 1 %>" class="Content" style="display: none"> <p> Type: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.CommunicationType.TypeName) %> </p> <p> Problem Outline: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.ProblemOutline)%> </p> <p> Mitigating Circumstance Form: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.MCF)%> </p> <p> Mitigating Circumstance Level: <%= Html.Encode(item.Problem.MitigatingCircumstanceLevel.MCLevel)%> </p> <p> Absent From: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.AbsentFrom))%> </p> <p> Absent Until: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.AbsentUntil))%> </p> <p> Requested Follow Up: <%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:g}", item.Problem.RequestedFollowUp))%> </p> <p>Problem Communications</p> <% foreach (var comm in Model) { %> <p> <% if (item.Problem.ProblemID == comm.ProblemID) { %> <%= Html.Encode(comm.ProblemCommunication.CommunicationOutline)%> <% } %> </p> <% } %> </div> </div> <br /> <% } %> </div> The issue is that using the example data before the Model has two records for the same problem as there are two communications for that problem, therefore duplicating the output. Any help with this would be gratefully appreciated. Thanks, Jon

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Problemwit sql query

- by phenevo

Hi, I've got query: INSERT INTO [Tasks] ([LoginName] ,[Type] ,[Filter] ,[Dictionary] ,[Description]) Select N'Anonymous',4,'SomeTable.targetcode in (select Code from cities where countrycode in ('TN')) and SomeTable.SomeValue in ('13','15')',3,N'Cities from tunis' Union All ... [Dictionary] is a part of query that i need to function on my server. I get: Incorrect syntax near ')) and SomeTable.SomeValue in (13,15)'.

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SQL complex Question

- by santanu

Hello All, I need to find a function. the scenario is : I have 2 table. 1. news table 2. news_comment table need to find the most commented 20 news. the news_comment table has the relationship with the news table Thank you

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Standards for Encrypting data in SOX/HIPAA in SQL Server 200x

- by Greens

I was wondering if there are any standards for encrypting sensitive data in Database which are compliant w/ SOX or HIPAA. Or does the Encrypt Function in SQLServer necessary?. or handle in Business logic. Any ideas or links we have.

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Connecting to SQL Server in Php - Extension Err

- by John Doe

<html> <head> <title>Connecting </title> </head> <body> <?php $host = "*.*.*.*"; $username = "xxx"; $password = "xxx"; $db_name = "xxx"; $db = mssql_connect($host, $username,$password) or die("Couldnt Connect"); $selected = mssql_select_db($db_name, $db) or die("Couldnt open database"); ?> </body> </html> My error message is: Fatal error: Call to undefined function mssql_connect() in C:\wamp\www\php\dbase.php on line 12 I am using WampServer 2.0 on Php 5.3.0 When I check the extensions, php_mssql is Checked. I also checked the php.ini file to make sure it is not commented out. I have my file dbase.php saved in C:\wamp\www\php. I have tried stopping the service, closing everything, and running it again. I know the problem is that the extension file is not being included somehow. The below is copied from my php.ini file. Note I made all http = /http to avoid posting Links. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Paths and Directories ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; UNIX: "/path1:/path2" ;include_path = ".:/php/includes" ; Windows: "\path1;\path2" include_path = "C:\wamp\bin\php\php5.3.0\ext" ; ; PHP's default setting for include_path is ".;/path/to/php/pear" ; /http://php.net/include-path ; The root of the PHP pages, used only if nonempty. ; if PHP was not compiled with FORCE_REDIRECT, you SHOULD set doc_root ; if you are running php as a CGI under any web server (other than IIS) ; see documentation for security issues. The alternate is to use the ; cgi.force_redirect configuration below ; /http://php.net/doc-root doc_root = ; The directory under which PHP opens the script using /~username used only ; if nonempty. ; /http://php.net/user-dir user_dir = ; Directory in which the loadable extensions (modules) reside. ; /http://php.net/extension-dir ; extension_dir = "./" ; On windows: ; extension_dir = "ext" extension_dir = "c:/wamp/bin/php/php5.3.0/ext/" ; Whether or not to enable the dl() function. The dl() function does NOT work ; properly in multithreaded servers, such as IIS or Zeus, and is automatically ; disabled on them. ; /http://php.net/enable-dl enable_dl = Off ; cgi.force_redirect is necessary to provide security running PHP as a CGI under ; most web servers. Left undefined, PHP turns this on by default. You can ; turn it off here AT YOUR OWN RISK ; You CAN safely turn this off for IIS, in fact, you MUST. ; /http://php.net/cgi.force-redirect ;cgi.force_redirect = 1 ; if cgi.nph is enabled it will force cgi to always sent Status: 200 with ; every request. PHP's default behavior is to disable this feature. ;cgi.nph = 1 ; if cgi.force_redirect is turned on, and you are not running under Apache or Netscape ; (iPlanet) web servers, you MAY need to set an environment variable name that PHP ; will look for to know it is OK to continue execution. Setting this variable MAY ; cause security issues, KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING FIRST. ; /http://php.net/cgi.redirect-status-env ;cgi.redirect_status_env = ; ; cgi.fix_pathinfo provides real PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI. PHP's ; previous behaviour was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok ; what PATH_INFO is. For more information on PATH_INFO, see the cgi specs. Setting ; this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec. A setting ; of zero causes PHP to behave as before. Default is 1. You should fix your scripts ; to use SCRIPT_FILENAME rather than PATH_TRANSLATED. ; /http://php.net/cgi.fix-pathinfo ;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 ; FastCGI under IIS (on WINNT based OS) supports the ability to impersonate ; security tokens of the calling client. This allows IIS to define the ; security context that the request runs under. mod_fastcgi under Apache ; does not currently support this feature (03/17/2002) ; Set to 1 if running under IIS. Default is zero. ; /http://php.net/fastcgi.impersonate ;fastcgi.impersonate = 1; ; Disable logging through FastCGI connection. PHP's default behavior is to enable ; this feature. ;fastcgi.logging = 0 ; cgi.rfc2616_headers configuration option tells PHP what type of headers to ; use when sending HTTP response code. If it's set 0 PHP sends Status: header that ; is supported by Apache. When this option is set to 1 PHP will send ; RFC2616 compliant header. ; Default is zero. ; /http://php.net/cgi.rfc2616-headers ;cgi.rfc2616_headers = 0 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; File Uploads ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Whether to allow HTTP file uploads. ; /http://php.net/file-uploads file_uploads = On ; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not ; specified). ; /http://php.net/upload-tmp-dir upload_tmp_dir = "c:/wamp/tmp" ; Maximum allowed size for uploaded files. ; /http://php.net/upload-max-filesize upload_max_filesize = 2M Also, my php.ini file is saved in: C:\wamp\bin\apache\Apache2.2.11\bin

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Custom aggregation in GROUP BY clause

- by Rire1979

If I have a table with a schema like this table(Category, SubCategory1, SubCategory2, Status) I would like to group by Category, SubCategory1 and aggregate the Status such that if not all Status values over the group have a certain value Status will be 0 otherwise 1. So my result set will look like (Category, SubCategory1, Status) I don't want to write a function. I would like to do it inside the query.

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Explanation of this SQL sanitization code

- by Derek

I got this from for a login form tutorial: function clean($str) { $str = @trim($str); if(get_magic_quotes_gpc()) { $str = stripslashes($str); } return mysql_real_escape_string($str); } Could some one explain exactly what this does? I know that the 'clean' var is called up afterwards to sanitize the fields; I.e. $email = clean($_POST['email']);

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Is derived table executed once or three times?

- by AspOnMyNet

Every time you make use of a derived table, that query is going to be executed. When using a CTE, that result set is pulled back once and only once within a single query. Does the quote suggest that the following query will cause derived table to be executed three times ( once for each aggregate function’s call ): SELECT AVG(OrdersPlaced),MAX(OrdersPlaced),MIN(OrdersPlaced) FROM ( SELECT v.VendorID, v.[Name] AS VendorName, COUNT(*) AS OrdersPlaced FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader AS poh INNER JOIN Purchasing.Vendor AS v ON poh.VendorID = v.VendorID GROUP BY v.VendorID, v.[Name] ) AS x thanx

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How to get only the date from the sql server

- by Pradeep

this is what i want. but i have put only a specified date. SELECT BookName, Author, BookPrice FROM Book WHERE Book.Book_ID = ( SELECT Book_ID FROM Temp_Order WHERE Temp_Order.User_ID = 25 AND Temp_Order.OrderDate='3/24/2010' ) this is the date function i used. but it takes the time also. how to stop it. please help me SELECT Book_ID, BookName,Author,BookPrice FROM Book INNER JOIN FavCategory ON Book.Category_ID = FavCategory.Category_ID WHERE FavCategory.User_ID = " + useridlabel.Text + " AND OrderDate = **GETDATE()**

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How to generate alphanumeric tokens in SQL Server?

- by CodeToGlory

I am looking to generate soem alpha numeric tokens. Is there a function that can do to generate set length tokens?

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SQL Reporting Services: Finding the folder a report is in

- by Bob

Hi there, If I have the report name how can I programmatically get the name of the project/folder the report is in? So for example if I have a report like so http://server/Reports/Pages/Report.aspx?ItemPath=/ReportProject1/ReportName Given "ReportName" how can I figure out that the report is in the folder "ReportProject1"? So I guess is there a function where I can pass int he report name and get it's details or else query the report server for a list of its report folders and I can loop through these and check some how that the report is inside?

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SQL Syntax for testing objects before creating views & functions

- by Scott Weinstein

I'm trying to figure out the syntax for creating a view (or function) but only if a dependent CLR assembly exits. I've tried both IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.assemblies WHERE name = 'MyCLRAssembly') begin create view dbo.MyView as select GETDATE() as C1 end and IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.assemblies WHERE name = 'MyCLRAssembly') create view dbo.MyView as select GETDATE() as C1 go Neither work. I get Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2 Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'view'. How can this be done?

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Few events I’m speaking at in early 2013

- by Mladen Prajdic

2013 has started great and the SQL community is already brimming with events. At some of these events you can come say hi. I’ll be glad you do! These are the events with dates and locations that I know I’ll be speaking at so far. February 16th: SQL Saturday #198 - Vancouver, Canada The session I’ll present in Vancouver is SQL Impossible: Restoring/Undeleting a table Yes, you read the title right. No, it's not about the usual "one table per partition" and "restore full backup then copy the data over" methods. No, there are no 3rd party tools involved. Just you and your SQL Server. Yes, it's crazy. No, it's not for production purposes. And yes, that's why it's so much fun. Prepare to dive into the world of data pages, log records, deletes, truncates and backups and how it all works together to get your table back from the endless void. Want to know more? Come and see! This is an advanced level session where we’ll dive into the internals of data pages, transaction log records and page restores. March 8th-9th: SQL Saturday #194 - Exeter, UK In Exeter I’ll be presenting twice. On the first day I’ll have a full day precon titled: From SQL Traces to Extended Events - The next big switch This pre-con will give you insight into both of the current tracing technologies in SQL Server. The old SQL Trace which has served us well over the past 10 or so years is on its way out because the overhead and details it produces are no longer enough to deal with today's loads. The new Extended Events are a new lightweight tracing mechanism built directly into the SQLOS thus giving us information SQL Trace just couldn't. They were designed and built with performance in mind and it shows. The new Extended Events are a new lightweight tracing mechanism built directly into the SQLOS thus giving us information SQL Trace just couldn't. They were designed and built with performance in mind and it shows. Mastering Extended Events requires learning at least one new skill: XML querying. The second session I’ll have on Saturday titled: SQL Injection from website to SQL Server SQL Injection is still one of the biggest reasons various websites and applications get hacked. The solution as everyone tells us is simple. Use SQL parameters. But is that enough? In this session we'll look at how would an attacker go about using SQL Injection to gain access to your database, see its schema and data, take over the server, upload files and do various other mischief on your domain. This is a fun session that always brings out a few laughs in the audience because they didn’t realize what can be done. April 23rd-25th: NTK conference - Bled, Slovenia (Slovenian website only) This is a conference with history. This year marks its 18th year running. It’s a relatively large IT conference that focuses on various Microsoft technologies like .Net, Azure, SQL Server, Exchange, Security, etc… The main session’s language is Slovenian but this is slowly changing so it’s becoming more interesting for foreign attendees. This year it’s happening in the beautiful town of Bled in the Alps. The scenery alone is worth the visit, wouldn’t you agree? And this year there are quite a few well known speakers present! Session title isn’t known yet. May 2nd-4th: SQL Bits XI – Nottingham, UK SQL Bits is the largest SQL Server conference in Europe. It’s a 3 day conference with top speakers and content all dedicated to SQL Server. The session I’ll present here is an hour long version of the precon I’ll give in Exeter. From SQL Traces to Extended Events - The next big switch The session description is the same as for the Exeter precon but we'll focus more on how the Extended Events work with only a brief overview of old SQL Trace architecture.

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SQL Server Date Comparison Functions

- by HighAltitudeCoder

A few months ago, I found myself working with a repetitive cursor that looped until the data had been manipulated enough times that it was finally correct. The cursor was heavily dependent upon dates, every time requiring the earlier of two (or several) dates in one stored procedure, while requiring the later of two dates in another stored procedure. In short what I needed was a function that would allow me to perform the following evaluation: WHERE MAX(Date1, Date2) < @SomeDate The problem is, the MAX() function in SQL Server does not perform this functionality. So, I set out to put these functions together. They are titled: EarlierOf() and LaterOf(). /********************************************************** EarlierOf.sql **********************************************************/ /********************************************************** Return the later of two DATETIME variables. Parameter 1: DATETIME1 Parameter 2: DATETIME2 Works for a variety of DATETIME or NULL values. Even though comparisons with NULL are actually indeterminate, we know conceptually that NULL is not earlier or later than any other date provided. SYNTAX: SELECT dbo.EarlierOf('1/1/2000','12/1/2009') SELECT dbo.EarlierOf('2009-12-01 00:00:00.000','2009-12-01 00:00:00.521') SELECT dbo.EarlierOf('11/15/2000',NULL) SELECT dbo.EarlierOf(NULL,'1/15/2004') SELECT dbo.EarlierOf(NULL,NULL) **********************************************************/ USE AdventureWorks GO IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'EarlierOf' AND xtype = 'FN' ) BEGIN DROP FUNCTION EarlierOf END GO CREATE FUNCTION EarlierOf ( @Date1 DATETIME, @Date2 DATETIME ) RETURNS DATETIME AS BEGIN DECLARE @ReturnDate DATETIME IF (@Date1 IS NULL AND @Date2 IS NULL) BEGIN SET @ReturnDate = NULL GOTO EndOfFunction END ELSE IF (@Date1 IS NULL AND @Date2 IS NOT NULL) BEGIN SET @ReturnDate = @Date2 GOTO EndOfFunction END ELSE IF (@Date1 IS NOT NULL AND @Date2 IS NULL) BEGIN SET @ReturnDate = @Date1 GOTO EndOfFunction END ELSE BEGIN SET @ReturnDate = @Date1 IF @Date2 < @Date1 SET @ReturnDate = @Date2 GOTO EndOfFunction END EndOfFunction: RETURN @ReturnDate END -- End Function GO ---- Set Permissions --GRANT SELECT ON EarlierOf TO UserRole1 --GRANT SELECT ON EarlierOf TO UserRole2 --GO The inverse of this function is only slightly different. /********************************************************** LaterOf.sql **********************************************************/ /********************************************************** Return the later of two DATETIME variables. Parameter 1: DATETIME1 Parameter 2: DATETIME2 Works for a variety of DATETIME or NULL values. Even though comparisons with NULL are actually indeterminate, we know conceptually that NULL is not earlier or later than any other date provided. SYNTAX: SELECT dbo.LaterOf('1/1/2000','12/1/2009') SELECT dbo.LaterOf('2009-12-01 00:00:00.000','2009-12-01 00:00:00.521') SELECT dbo.LaterOf('11/15/2000',NULL) SELECT dbo.LaterOf(NULL,'1/15/2004') SELECT dbo.LaterOf(NULL,NULL) **********************************************************/ USE AdventureWorks GO IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'LaterOf' AND xtype = 'FN' ) BEGIN DROP FUNCTION LaterOf END GO CREATE FUNCTION LaterOf ( @Date1 DATETIME, @Date2 DATETIME ) RETURNS DATETIME AS BEGIN DECLARE @ReturnDate DATETIME IF (@Date1 IS NULL AND @Date2 IS NULL) BEGIN SET @ReturnDate = NULL GOTO EndOfFunction END ELSE IF (@Date1 IS NULL AND @Date2 IS NOT NULL) BEGIN SET @ReturnDate = @Date2 GOTO EndOfFunction END ELSE IF (@Date1 IS NOT NULL AND @Date2 IS NULL) BEGIN SET @ReturnDate = @Date1 GOTO EndOfFunction END ELSE BEGIN SET @ReturnDate = @Date1 IF @Date2 > @Date1 SET @ReturnDate = @Date2 GOTO EndOfFunction END EndOfFunction: RETURN @ReturnDate END -- End Function GO ---- Set Permissions --GRANT SELECT ON LaterOf TO UserRole1 --GRANT SELECT ON LaterOf TO UserRole2 --GO The interesting thing about this function is its simplicity and the built-in NULL handling functionality. Its interesting, because it seems like something should already exist in SQL Server that does this. From a different vantage point, if you create this functionality and it is easy to use (ideally, intuitively self-explanatory), you have made a successful contribution. Interesting is good. Self-explanatory, or intuitive is FAR better. Happy coding! Graeme

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SQL Server Optimizer Malfunction?

- by Tony Davis

There was a sharp intake of breath from the audience when Adam Machanic declared the SQL Server optimizer to be essentially "stuck in 1997". It was during his fascinating "Query Tuning Mastery: Manhandling Parallelism" session at the recent PASS SQL Summit. Paraphrasing somewhat, Adam (blog | @AdamMachanic) offered a convincing argument that the optimizer often delivers flawed plans based on assumptions that are no longer valid with today’s hardware. In 1997, when Microsoft engineers re-designed the database engine for SQL Server 7.0, SQL Server got its initial implementation of a cost-based optimizer. Up to SQL Server 2000, the developer often had to deploy a steady stream of hints in SQL statements to combat the occasionally wilful plan choices made by the optimizer. However, with each successive release, the optimizer has evolved and improved in its decision-making. It is still prone to the occasional stumble when we tackle difficult problems, join large numbers of tables, perform complex aggregations, and so on, but for most of us, most of the time, the optimizer purrs along efficiently in the background. Adam, however, challenged further any assumption that the current optimizer is competent at providing the most efficient plans for our more complex analytical queries, and in particular of offering up correctly parallelized plans. He painted a picture of a present where complex analytical queries have become ever more prevalent; where disk IO is ever faster so that reads from disk come into buffer cache faster than ever; where the improving RAM-to-data ratio means that we have a better chance of finding our data in cache. Most importantly, we have more CPUs at our disposal than ever before. To get these queries to perform, we not only need to have the right indexes, but also to be able to split the data up into subsets and spread its processing evenly across all these available CPUs. Improvements such as support for ColumnStore indexes are taking things in the right direction, but, unfortunately, deficiencies in the current Optimizer mean that SQL Server is yet to be able to exploit properly all those extra CPUs. Adam’s contention was that the current optimizer uses essentially the same costing model for many of its core operations as it did back in the days of SQL Server 7, based on assumptions that are no longer valid. One example he gave was a "slow disk" bias that may have been valid back in 1997 but certainly is not on modern disk systems. Essentially, the optimizer assesses the relative cost of serial versus parallel plans based on the assumption that there is no IO cost benefit from parallelization, only CPU. It assumes that a single request will saturate the IO channel, and so a query would not run any faster if we parallelized IO because the disk system simply wouldn’t be able to handle the extra pressure. As such, the optimizer often decides that a serial plan is lower cost, often in cases where a parallel plan would improve performance dramatically. It was challenging and thought provoking stuff, as were his techniques for driving parallelism through query logic based on subsets of rows that define the "grain" of the query. I highly recommend you catch the session if you missed it. I’m interested to hear though, when and how often people feel the force of the optimizer’s shortcomings. Barring mistakes, such as stale statistics, how often do you feel the Optimizer fails to find the plan you think it should, and what are the most common causes? Is it fighting to induce it toward parallelism? Combating unexpected plans, arising from table partitioning? Something altogether more prosaic? Cheers, Tony.

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XML parsing error: 'A string literal was expected' when inserting values into table

- by Christian

In Microsoft Sequel Server 2008 I am attempting to insert values into an sql table with the columns type_id of datatype int and xml_info of datatype XML. I am using the following query: INSERT INTO tbl_applied_devices ([type_id],[xml_info]) VALUES (1,'<Profile ID=99><Server><ID>BC4A18CA-AFB5-4268-BDA9-C990DAFE7783</ID> <Name>localhost</Name><Services></Services></Server></Profile>') But I keep getting this error: Msg 9413, Level 16, State 1, Line 4 XML parsing: line 1, character 13, A string literal was expected What am I doing incorrectly? Thank you for the help. EDIT: I found that the source of the error is the xml element's ID attribute, where seems to be what is causing the error. How can I correctly insert xml with an attribute ? Do I need to somehow escape one of the characters?

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