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• Move options between multiple dropdown lists

  - by Martha

  We currently have a form with the standard multi-select functionality of "here are the available options, here are the selected options, here are some buttons to move stuff back and forth." However, the client now wants the ability to not just select certain items, but to also categorize them. For example, given a list of books, they want to not just select the ones they own, but also the ones they've read, the ones they would like to read, and the ones they've heard about. (All examples fictional.) Thankfully, a selected item can only be in one category at a time. I can find many examples of moving items between listboxes, but not a single one for moving items between multiple listboxes. To add to the complication, the form needs to have two sets of list+categories, e.g. a list of movies that need to be categorized in addition to the aforementioned books. An additional problem is that sorting between lists is all well and good in the javascript-enabled world, but I can't really think of a good fallback interface for, say, mobile browsers. Maybe a pseudo-listbox with radio buttons next to each item? The master list of items will in general be very long - over 100 items, certainly, possibly many more. Any given category will most likely contain one or two selected items, but the possibility exists for a category to have dozens of selected items, or zero selected items. As far as OS and stuff, the site is in classic asp (quit snickering!), the server-side code is VBScript, and so far we've avoided the various Javascript libraries by the simple expedient of almost never using client-side scripting. This one form for this one client is currently the big exception. Give 'em an inch and they want a mile... Oh, and I have to add: I suck at Javascript, or really at any C-descendant language. Curly braces give me hives. I'd really, really like something I can just copy & paste into my page, maybe tweak some variable names, and never look at it again. A girl can dream, can't she? :)

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• Direct show video renderers suck?

  - by Daniel

  So I've been looking into the world of media playback for windows and I've started making a C# Media Player using DirectShow. I started off using the VRM-7 windowed video renderer and it was brilliant except it had a couple of small problems (multi monitors, fullscreen). But after some research I found that it's deprecated and I should be using VRM9. So I changed it to use VRM9 windowless then found out that was an old post rofl _< so finally I'm using Vista/Win7 (or XP .net 3) Enhanced Video Renderer (EVR) which is apparently the most up to date Microsoft video renderer and has all the flashy performance/quality things added to it. (tbh I haven't noticed any difference but maybe I need a blue-ray or HQ video to notice it). With using EVR everything is working fine except resizing the video. Its really laggy/choppy/teary and problem something to do with its frame queueing mechanism. To demonstrate my problem open up windows media player classic. View - Options - Playback - output Chose the "EVR" DirectShow Video renderer Now restart wmp class and play a video, while it's playing click and drag a corner to resize it. You'll notice its horribly laggy. This is the exact same problem i am having. But if you chose "EVR Custom Pres. *" or EVR Sync *" resizing works beautifully! So i tried googling around for anything about EVR resizing issues and how to fix it but i couldn't believe how little i could find. I'm guessing "Custom Pres." stands for "Custom Presenter" which sounds like they made their own. Also you'll notice on the right hand size when you swap between EVR and the other EVR's the Resizer drop down on the right greys out. So basically I wan't to know how I can fix this retarded resizing problem and is there any decent documentation out there? There is a fair bit for VMR7/9 but not much for EVR. I downloaded the DirectX SDK which apparently has samples but it was a waste of 500mb of bandwidth as it had nothing relevant. Perhaps there is some way to force it not queueing up frames if that is the problem? If you want code say the word and I'll paste some in. But it's really quite simple and nothing much happens, i'm convinced it's a problem with the EVR renderer. EDIT: Oh and one other thing, what does VLC use? If you go into vlc options and change the renderer to anything but default, they all suck. So is it using VMR7? Or its own?

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• JNI - GetObjectField returns NULL

  - by Daniel

  I'm currently working on Mangler's Android implementation. I have a java class that looks like so: public class VentriloEventData { public short type; public class _pcm { public int length; public short send_type; public int rate; public byte channels; }; _pcm pcm; } The signature for my pcm object: $ javap -s -p VentriloEventData ... org.mangler.VentriloEventData$_pcm pcm; Signature: Lorg/mangler/VentriloEventData$_pcm; I am implementing a native JNI function called getevent, which will write to the fields in an instance of the VentriloEventData class. For what it's worth, it's defined and called in Java like so: public static native int getevent(VentriloEventData data); VentriloEventData data = new VentriloEventData(); getevent(data); And my JNI implementation of getevent: JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_org_mangler_VentriloInterface_getevent(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jobject eventdata) { v3_event *ev = v3_get_event(V3_BLOCK); if(ev != NULL) { jclass event_class = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, eventdata); // Event type. jfieldID type_field = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, event_class, "type", "S"); (*env)->SetShortField( env, eventdata, type_field, 1234 ); // Get PCM class. jfieldID pcm_field = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, event_class, "pcm", "Lorg/mangler/VentriloEventData$_pcm;"); jobject pcm = (*env)->GetObjectField( env, eventdata, pcm_field ); jclass pcm_class = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, pcm); // Set PCM fields. jfieldID pcm_length_field = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, pcm_class, "length", "I"); (*env)->SetIntField( env, pcm, pcm_length_field, 1337 ); free(ev); } return 0; } The code above works fine for writing into the type field (that is not wrapped by the _pcm class). Once getevent is called, data.type is verified to be 1234 at the java side :) My problem is that the assertion "pcm != NULL" will fail. Note that pcm_field != NULL, which probably indicates that the signature to that field is correct... so there must be something wrong with my call to GetObjectField. It looks fine though if I compare it to the official JNI docs. Been bashing my head on this problem for the past 2 hours and I'm getting a little desperate.. hoping a different perspective will help me out on this one.

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• Do you know why introducing jquery ui autocomplete for my dropdown boxes is also changing my listbox

  - by oo

  I am trying to change my comboboxes to use autocomplete so i leverage the code listed here (which worked perfectly for my dropdowns) The issue is that i also on the same page have a listbox with the following code: <%= Html.ListBox("Cars", Model.BodyParts.Select( x => new SelectListItem { Text = x.Name, Value = x.Id, Selected = Model.CarsSelected.Any(y => y.Id == x.Id) } ))%> and it appears that the jquery ui code is changing this to a autocomplete dropdown as well (as opposed to keeping it as a multi select list box) any idea how to prevent this from happening? i literally am just using the exact code on this page <script type="text/javascript"> (function($) { $.widget("ui.combobox", { _create: function() { var self = this; var select = this.element.hide(); var input = $("<input>") .insertAfter(select) .autocomplete({ source: function(request, response) { var matcher = new RegExp(request.term, "i"); response(select.children("option").map(function() { var text = $(this).text(); if (!request.term || matcher.test(text)) return { id: $(this).val(), label: text.replace(new RegExp("(?![^&;]+;)(?!<[^<>]*)(" + request.term.replace(/([\^\$\(\)\[\]\{\}\*\.\+\?\|\\])/gi, "\\$1") + ")(?![^<>]*>)(?![^&;]+;)", "gi"), "<strong>$1</strong>"), value: text }; })); }, delay: 0, select: function(e, ui) { if (!ui.item) { // remove invalid value, as it didn't match anything $(this).val(""); return false; } $(this).focus(); select.val(ui.item.id); self._trigger("selected", null, { item: select.find("[value='" + ui.item.id + "']") }); }, minLength: 0 }) .addClass("ui-widget ui-widget-content ui-corner-left"); $("<button>&nbsp;</button>") .insertAfter(input) .button({ icons: { primary: "ui-icon-triangle-1-s" }, text: false }).removeClass("ui-corner-all") .addClass("ui-corner-right ui-button-icon") .position({ my: "left center", at: "right center", of: input, offset: "-1 0" }).css("top", "") .click(function() { // close if already visible if (input.autocomplete("widget").is(":visible")) { input.autocomplete("close"); return; } // pass empty string as value to search for, displaying all results input.autocomplete("search", ""); input.focus(); }); } }); })(jQuery); $(function() { $("select").combobox(); }); </script>

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• Strange behavior of move with strings

  - by Umair Ahmed

  I am testing some enhanced string related functions with which I am trying to use move as a way to copy strings around for faster, more efficient use without delving into pointers. While testing a function for making a delimited string from a TStringList, I encountered a strange issue. The compiler referenced the bytes contained through the index when it was empty and when a string was added to it through move, index referenced the characters contained. Here is a small downsized barebone code sample:- unit UI; interface uses System.SysUtils, System.Types, System.UITypes, System.Rtti, System.Classes, System.Variants, FMX.Types, FMX.Controls, FMX.Forms, FMX.Dialogs, FMX.Layouts, FMX.Memo; type TForm1 = class(TForm) Results: TMemo; procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); end; var Form1: TForm1; implementation {$R *.fmx} function StringListToDelimitedString ( const AStringList: TStringList; const ADelimiter: String ): String; var Str : String; Temp1 : NativeInt; Temp2 : NativeInt; DelimiterSize : Byte; begin Result := ' '; Temp1 := 0; DelimiterSize := Length ( ADelimiter ) * 2; for Str in AStringList do Temp1 := Temp1 + Length ( Str ); SetLength ( Result, Temp1 ); Temp1 := 1; for Str in AStringList do begin Temp2 := Length ( Str ) * 2; // Here Index references bytes in Result Move ( Str [1], Result [Temp1], Temp2 ); // From here the index seems to address characters instead of bytes in Result Temp1 := Temp1 + Temp2; Move ( ADelimiter [1], Result [Temp1], DelimiterSize ); Temp1 := Temp1 + DelimiterSize; end; end; procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); var StrList : TStringList; Str : String; begin // Test 1 : StringListToDelimitedString StrList := TStringList.Create; Str := ''; StrList.Add ( 'Hello1' ); StrList.Add ( 'Hello2' ); StrList.Add ( 'Hello3' ); StrList.Add ( 'Hello4' ); Str := StringListToDelimitedString ( StrList, ';' ); Results.Lines.Add ( Str ); StrList.Free; end; end. Please devise a solution and if possible, some explanation. Alternatives are welcome too.

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• how to: handle exceptions, best practices

  - by b0x0rz

  need to implement a global error handling, so maybe you can help out with the following example... i have this code: public bool IsUserAuthorizedToSignIn(string userEMailAddress, string userPassword) { // get MD5 hash for use in the LINQ query string passwordSaltedHash = this.PasswordSaltedHash(userEMailAddress, userPassword); // check for email / password / validity using (UserManagementDataContext context = new UserManagementDataContext()) { var users = from u in context.Users where u.UserEMailAdresses.Any(e => e.EMailAddress == userEMailAddress) && u.UserPasswords.Any(p => p.PasswordSaltedHash == passwordSaltedHash) && u.IsActive == true select u; // true if user found return (users.Count() == 1) ? true : false; } } and the md5 as well: private string PasswordSaltedHash(string userEMailAddress, string userPassword) { MD5 hasher = MD5.Create(); byte[] data = hasher.ComputeHash(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(userPassword + userEMailAddress)); StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++) { stringBuilder.Append(data[i].ToString("x2")); } Trace.WriteLine(String.Empty); Trace.WriteLine("hash: " + stringBuilder.ToString()); return stringBuilder.ToString(); } so, how would i go about handling exceptions from these functions? they first one is called from the Default.aspx page. the second one is only called from other functions from the class library. what is the best practice? surround code INSIDE each function with try-catch surround the FUNCTION CALL with try-catch something else?? what to do if exceptions happen? in this example: this is a user sign in, so somehow even if everything fails, the user should get some meaningful info - along the lines: sign in ok (just redirect), sign in not ok (wrong user name / password), sign in not possible due to internal problems, sorry (exception happened). for the first function i am worried if there is a problem with database access. not sure if there is anything that needs to be handled in the second one. thnx for the info. how would you do it? need specific info on this (easier for me to understand), but also general info on how to handle other tasks/functions. i looked around the internet but everyone has different things to say, so unsure what to do... will go with either most votes here, or most logicaly explained answer :) thank you.

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• Crashes in Core Data's Inferred Mapping Model Creation (Lightweight Migration). Threading Issue?

  - by enchilada

  I'm getting random crashes when creating an inferred mapping model (with Core Data's lightweight migration) within my application. By the way, I have to do it programmatically in my application while it is running. This is how I create this model (after I have made proper currentModel and newModel objects, of course): NSMappingModel *mappingModel = [NSMappingModel inferredMappingModelForSourceModel:currentModel destinationModel:newModel error:&error]; The problem is this: This method is crashing randomly. When it works, it works just fine without issues. But when it crashes, it crashes my application (instead of returning nil to signify that the method failed, as it should). By randomly, I mean that sometimes it happens and sometimes not. It is unpredictable. Now, here is the deal: I'm running this method in another thread. More precisely, it is located inside a block that is passed via GCD to run on the global main queue. I need to do this for my UI to appear crisp to the user, i.e. so that I can display a progress indicator while the work is underway. The strange thing seems to be that if I remove the GCD stuff and just let it run on the main thread, it seems to be working fine and never crashing. Thus, could it be because I'm running this on a different thread that this is crashing? I somehow find that weird because I don't believe I'm breaking any Core Data rules regarding multi-threading. In particular, I'm not passing any managed objects around, and whenever I need access to the MOC, I create a new MOC, i.e. I'm not relying on any MOC (or for that matter: anything) that has been created earlier on the main thread. Besides the little MOC stuff that occurs, occurs after the mapping model creation method, i.e. after the point at which the app crashes, so it can't possibly be a cause of the crashes under consideration here. All I'm doing is taking two MOMs and asking for a mapping model between them. That can't be wrong even under threading, now can it? Any ideas on what could be going on?

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• transforming binary data using ssis and sql server 2008

  - by Rick

  Hello All - I have a task to import/transform and extract zipped binary files that contain both text data as well as embeded binary data. Within the data is data that is relational in nature and needs to be processed into a defined database structure. Currently I have a C# single threaded app that essentially grabs all the files from the directory (currently there is 13K files of varying sizes) and extracts the data on a single thread line by line inserts to the database. As you could imagine this is a very slow process and unacceptable. There are several different parsing routines used depending on the header record in the file. There are potentially upto a million rows per file when all the data is extracted to the row level of detail. Follow on task is to parse those rows into their appropriate tables based on is content. i.e. the textual content has to be parsed further into "buckets" of like data in the database. That about sums up the big picture. Now for the problem task list. How do i iterate through a packet of data using SSIS? In the app the file is decompressed and then is parsed using streams data type and byte arrays and is routed to the required parsing routine based on the header data of each packet. There is bit swapping involved as well. Should i wrap up the app code into a script task(s) and let it do the custom processing? The data is seperated by year and the sql server tables is partitioned by year as well. I need to be able to "catch" bad file data as well and process by hand most likely. Should i simply load the zipped file to sql as a blob and parse the file with T-SQL? Would that be multi threaded if done that way? Not sure how to do the parsing in tsql that is involved here. Which do you think would be faster? Potentially the data that is currently processed via files could come to us via a socket. Can SSIS collect that data in real time? How would i go about setting that up? Processing these new files from the directorys will become a daily task. I can manage the data once i get it to sql server. Getting it there in a timely fashion seems to be the long pole in the tent for me. I would appreciate any comments or suggestions from the group. Rick

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• Accessing a web service and a HTTP interface using certificate authentication

  - by ADC

  It is the first time I have to use certificate authentication. A commercial partner expose two services, a XML Web Service and a HTTP service. I have to access both of them with .NET clients. What I have tried 0. Setting up the environment I have installed the SSLCACertificates (on root and two intermediate) and the client certificate in my local machine (win 7 professional) using certmgr.exe. 1. For the web service I have the client certificate (der). The service will be consumed via a .NET proxy. Here's the code: OrderWSService proxy = new OrderWSService(); string CertFile = "ClientCert_DER.cer"; proxy.ClientCertificates.Add(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate(CertFile)); orderTrackingTO ot = new orderTrackingTO() { order_id = "80", tracking_id = "82", status = stateOrderType.IN_PREPARATION }; resultResponseTO res = proxy.insertOrderTracking(ot); Exception reported at last statement: The request failed with an empty response. 2. For the HTTP interface it is a HTTPS interface I have to call through POST method. The HTTPS request will be send from a .NET client using HTTPWebRequest. Here's the code: string PostData = "MyPostData"; //setting the request HttpWebRequest req; req = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url); req.UserAgent = "MyUserAgent"; req.Method = "POST"; req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; req.ClientCertificates.Add(new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate(CertFile, "MyPassword")); //setting the request content byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(PostData); Stream dataStream = req.GetRequestStream(); dataStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length); dataStream.Close(); //obtaining the response WebResponse res = req.GetResponse(); r = new StreamReader(res.GetResponseStream()); Exception reported at last statement: The request was aborted: Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel. 3. Last try: using the browser In Chrome, after installing the certificates, if I try to access both urls I get a 107 error: Error 107 (net::ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR) I am stuck.

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• How do you prevent IDisposable from spreading to all your classes?

  - by GrahamS

  Start with these simple classes... Let's say I have a simple set of classes like this: class Bus { Driver busDriver = new Driver(); } class Driver { Shoe[] shoes = { new Shoe(), new Shoe() }; } class Shoe { Shoelace lace = new Shoelace(); } class Shoelace { bool tied = false; } A Bus has a Driver, the Driver has two Shoes, each Shoe has a Shoelace. All very silly. Add an IDisposable object to Shoelace Later I decide that some operation on the Shoelace could be multi-threaded, so I add an EventWaitHandle for the threads to communicate with. So Shoelace now looks like this: class Shoelace { private AutoResetEvent waitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false); bool tied = false; // ... other stuff .. } Implement IDisposable on Shoelace Buit now FxCop will complain: "Implement IDisposable on 'Shoelace' because it creates members of the following IDisposable types: 'EventWaitHandle'." Okay, I implement IDisposable on Shoelace and my neat little class becomes this horrible mess: class Shoelace : IDisposable { private AutoResetEvent waitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false); bool tied = false; private bool disposed = false; public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } ~Shoelace() { Dispose(false); } protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!this.disposed) { if (disposing) { if (waitHandle != null) { waitHandle.Close(); waitHandle = null; } } // No unmanaged resources to release otherwise they'd go here. } disposed = true; } } Or (as pointed out by commenters) since Shoelace itself has no unmanaged resources, I might use the simpler dispose implementation without needing the Dispose(bool) and Destructor: class Shoelace : IDisposable { private AutoResetEvent waitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false); bool tied = false; public void Dispose() { if (waitHandle != null) { waitHandle.Close(); waitHandle = null; } GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } } Watch in horror as IDisposable spreads Right that's that fixed. But now FxCop will complain that Shoe creates a Shoelace, so Shoe must be IDisposable too. And Driver creates Shoe so Driver must be IDisposable. and Bus creates Driver so Bus must be IDisposable and so on. Suddenly my small change to Shoelace is causing me a lot of work and my boss is wondering why I need to checkout Bus to make a change to Shoelace. The Question How do you prevent this spread of IDisposable, but still ensure that your unmanaged objects are properly disposed?

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• 8bpp Bitmap format on the Compact Framework

  - by Kieran

  Hi friends. I am messing around with Conway's Game of Life - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_Game_of_Life I started out coding algorithmns for winforms and now want to port my work onto windows mobile 6.1 (compact framework). I came across an article by Jon Skeet where he compared several different algorithmns for calculating next generations in the game. He used an array of bytes to store a cells state (alive or dead) and then he would copy this array to an 8bpp bitmap. For each new generation, he works out the state of each byte, then copies the array to a bitmap, then draws that bitmap to a picturebox. void CreateInitialImage() { bitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height, PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed); ColorPalette palette = bitmap.Palette; palette.Entries[0] = Color.Black; palette.Entries[1] = Color.White; bitmap.Palette = palette; } public Image Render() { Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, Width, Height); BitmapData bmpData = bitmap.LockBits(rect, ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, bitmap.PixelFormat); Marshal.Copy(Data, 0, bmpData.Scan0, Data.Length); bitmap.UnlockBits(bmpData); return bitmap; } His code above is beautifully simple and very fast to render. Jon is using Windows Forms but now I want to port my own version of this onto Windows Mobile 6.1 (Compact Framework) but . . . .there is no way to format a bitmap to 8bpp in the cf. Can anyone suggest a way of rendering an array of bytes to a drawable image in the CF. This array is created in code on the fly (it is NOT loaded from an image file on disk). I basically need to store an array of cells represented by bytes, they are either alive or dead and I then need to draw that array as an image. The game is particularly slow on the CF so I need to implement clever optimised algoritmns but also need to render as fast as possible and the above solution would be pretty dam perfect if only it was available on the compact framework. Many thanks for any help Any suggestions?

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• STDOUT can not return to Screen

  - by rockyurock

  STDOUT can not return to Screen Hello all below is the part of my code, my code enters "if loop" with $value =1 and output of the process "iperf.exe" is getting into my_output.txt. As i am timing out the process after alram(20sec) time,also wanted to capture the output of this process only. then after i want to continue to the command prompt but i am not able to return to the command promt... not only this code itself does not PRINT on the command prompt , rather it is priniting on the my_output.txt file (i am looping this if loop through rest of my code) output.txt ========== inside value loop2 ------------------------------------------------------------ Server listening on UDP port 5001 Receiving 1470 byte datagrams UDP buffer size: 8.00 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [160] local 10.232.62.151 port 5001 connected with 10.232.62.151 port 1505 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams [160] 0.0- 5.0 sec 2.14 MBytes 3.59 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/ 1528 (0%) inside value loop3 clue1 clue2 inside value loop4 one iperf completed Transfer Transfer Starting: Intent { act=android.settings.APN_SETTINGS } ******AUTOMATION COMPLETED****** Looks some problem with reinitializing the STDOUT.. even i tried to use close(STDOUT); but again it did not return to STDOUT could sombbody please help out ?? /rocky CODE:: if($value) { my $file = 'my_output.txt'; use Win32::Process; print"inside value loop\n"; # redirect stdout to a file open STDOUT, '>', $file or die "can't redirect STDOUT to <$file> $!"; Win32::Process::Create(my $ProcessObj, "iperf.exe", "iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001", 0, NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, ".") || die ErrorReport(); $alarm_time = $IPERF_RUN_TIME+2; #20sec print"inside value loop2\n"; sleep $alarm_time; $ProcessObj->Kill(0); sub ErrorReport{ print Win32::FormatMessage( Win32::GetLastError() ); } print"inside value loop3\n"; print"clue1\n"; #close(STDOUT); print"clue2\n"; print"inside value loop4\n"; print"one iperf completed\n"; } my $data_file="my_output.txt"; open(ROCK, $data_file)|| die("Could not open file!"); @raw_data=<ROCK>; @COUNT_PS =split(/ /,$raw_data[7]); my $LOOP_COUNT_PS_4 = $COUNT_PS[9]; my $LOOP_COUNT_PS_5 = $COUNT_PS[10]; print "$LOOP_COUNT_PS_4\n"; print "$LOOP_COUNT_PS_5\n"; my $tput_value = "$LOOP_COUNT_PS_4"." $LOOP_COUNT_PS_5"; print "$tput_value"; close(ROCK); print FH1 "\n $count \| $tput_value \n"; regds rakesh

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• Any socket programmers out there? How can I obtain the IPv4 address of the client?

  - by Dr Dork

  Hello! I'm prepping for a simple work project and am trying to familiarize myself with the basics of socket programming in a Unix dev environment. At this point, I have some basic server side code setup to listen for incoming TCP connection requests from clients after the parent socket has been created and is set to listen... int sockfd, newfd; unsigned int len; socklen_t sin_size; char msg[]="Test message sent"; char buf[MAXLEN]; int st, rv; struct addrinfo hints, *serverinfo, *p; struct sockaddr_storage client; char ip[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; . . //parent socket creation and listen code omitted for simplicity . //wait for connection requests from clients while(1) { //Returns the socketID and address of client connecting to socket if( ( newfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &len) ) == -1 ){ perror("Accept"); exit(-1); } if( (rv = recv(newfd, buf, MAXLEN-1, 0 )) == -1) { perror("Recv"); exit(-1); } struct sockaddr_in *clientAddr = ( struct sockaddr_in *) get_in_addr((struct sockaddr *)&client); inet_ntop(client.ss_family, clientAddr, ip, sizeof ip); printf("Receive from %s: query type is %s\n", ip, buf); if( ( st = send(newfd, msg, strlen(msg), 0)) == -1 ) { perror("Send"); exit(-1); } //ntohs is used to avoid big-endian and little endian compatibility issues printf("Send %d byte to port %d\n", ntohs(clientAddr->sin_port) ); close(newfd); } } I found the get_in_addr function online and placed it at the top of my code and use it to obtain the IP address of the client connecting... // get sockaddr, IPv4 or IPv6: void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa) { if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET) { return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr); } return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr); } but the function always returns the IPv6 IP address since thats what the sa_family property is set as. My question is, is the IPv4 IP address stored anywhere in the data I'm using and, if so, how can I access it? Thanks so much in advance for all your help!

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• Is there a way to split a widescreen monitor in to two or more virtual monitors?

  - by Mike Thompson

  Like most developers I have grown to love dual monitors. I won't go into all the reasons for their goodness; just take it as a given. However, they are not perfect. You can never seem to line them up "just right". You always end up with the monitors at slight funny angles. And of course the bezel always gets in the way. And this is with identical monitors. The problem is much worse with different monitors -- VMWare's multi monitor feature won't even work with monitors of differnt resolutions. When you use multiple monnitors, one of them becomes your primary monitor of focus. Your focus may flip from one monitor to the other, but at any point in time you are usually focusing on only one monitor. There are exceptions to this (WinDiff, Excel), but this is generally the case. I suggest that having a single large monitor with all the benefits of multiple smaller monitors would be a better solution. Wide screen monitors are fantastic, but it is hard to use all the space efficiently. If you are writing code you are generally working on the left-hand side of the window. If you maximize an editor on a wide-screen monitor the right-hand side of the window will be a sea of white. Programs like WinSplit Revolution will help to organise your windows, but this is really just addressing the symptom, not the problem. Even with WinSplit Revolution, when you maximise a window it will take up the whole screen. You can't lock a window into a specific section of the screen. This is where virtual monitors comes in. What would be really nice is a video driver that sits on top of the existing driver, but allows a single monitor to be virtualised into multiple monitors. Control Panel would see your single physical monitor as two or more virtual monitors. The software could even support a virtual bezel to emphasise what is happening, or you could opt for seamless mode. Programs like WinSplit Revolution and UltraMon would still work. This virtual video driver would allow you to slice & dice your physical monitor into as many virtual monitors as you want. Does anybody know if such software exists? If not, are there any budding Windows display driver guru's out there willing to take up the challenge? I am not after the myriad of virtual desktop/window manager programs that are available. I get frustrated with these programs. They seem good at first but they usually have some strange behaviour and don't work well with other programs (such as WinSplit Revolution). I want the real thing!

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• Java app makes screen display unresponsive after 10 minutes of user idle time

  - by Ross

  I've written a Java app that allows users to script mouse/keyboard input (JMacro, link not important, only for the curious). I personally use the application to automate character actions in an online game overnight while I sleep. Unfortunately, I keep coming back to the computer in the morning to find it unresponsive. Upon further testing, I'm finding that my application causes the computer to become unresponsive after about 10 minutes of user idle time (even if the application itself it simulating user activity). I can't seem to pin-point the issue, so I'm hoping somebody else might have a suggestion of where to look or what might be causing the issue. The relevant symptoms and characteristics: Unresponsiveness occurs after user is idle for 10 minutes User can still move the mouse pointer around the screen Everything but the mouse appears frozen... mouse clicks have no effect and no applications update their displays, including the Windows 7 desktop I left the task manager up along the with the app overnight so I could see the last task manager image before the screen freezes... the Java app is at normal CPU/Memory usage and total CPU usage is only ~1% After moving the mouse (in other words, the user comes back from being idle), the screen image starts updating again within 30 minutes (this is very hit and miss... sometimes 10 minutes, sometimes no results after two hours) User can CTRL-ALT-DEL to get to Windows 7's CTRL-ALT-DEL screen (after a 30 second pause). User is still able to move mouse pointer, but clicking any of the button options causes the screen to appear to freeze again On some very rare occasions, the system never freezes, and I come back to it in the morning with full responsiveness The Java app automatically stops input scripting in the middle of the night, so Windows 7 detects "real" idleness and turns the monitors into Standby mode... which they successfully come out of upon manually moving the mouse in the morning when I wake up, even though the desktop display still appears frozen Given the symptoms and characteristics of the issue, it's as if the Java app is causing the desktop display of the logged in user to stop updating, including any running applications. Programming concepts and Java packages used: Multi-threading Standard out and err are rerouted to a javax.swing.JTextArea The application uses a Swing GUI awt.Robot (very heavily used) awt.PointerInfo awt.MouseInfo System Specs: Windows 7 Professional Java 1.6.0 u17 In conclusion, I should stress that I'm not looking for any specific solutions, as I'm not asking a very specific question. I'm just wondering if anybody has run into a similar problem when using the Java libraries that I'm using. I would also gladly appreciate any suggestions for things to try to attempt to further pinpoint what is causing my problem. Thanks! Ross PS, I'll post an update/answer if I manage to stumble across anything else while I continue to debug this.

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• invite friends in a dialog in a Facebook application

  - by Shani1351

  I'm trying to create a Facebook application that displays a friend invite dialog within the application using Facebook's Javascript API (FB.ui). To do that I followed this tutorial I have two problems : The action url I've put in the request-form is "http://apps.facebook.com/appname/post_invite.php" but I see that the iframe source after the post is "http://mydomain.com/post_invite.php" and when this iframe tries to do : parent.closeInviteWidget(); I get an error saying : "Permission denied for < http: //mydomain.com (document.domain has not been set) to get property Window.closeInviteWidget from < http:// apps.facebook.com (document.domain=< http:// facebook.com)." The skip button inside the request-form opens the action url in a new window (new browser tab) and not post to itself like the invite button. How can I fix those problems? -------------------- UPDATE : -------------------------------- I've tried to do what ifaour said and changed the code to : function inviteFriends(user_name, category_id, category_name) { url = appBaseUrl + "/index.php?category_id=" + category_id; req = "<fb:req-choice url='" + url + "' label='Authorize My Application' />"; content = user_name + " opened a new category called " + category_name + ". " + req; action = 'post_invite.php'; fbmi_text = '<fb:request-form action="' + action + '" target="_self" method="post" invite="true" type="Invite" content="' + content + '" <fb:multi-friend-selector showborder="false" actiontext="Invite yor friends" email_invite="false" import_external_friends="false" /> </fb:request-form>'; FB.ui({ method:'fbml.dialog', width:'750px', fbml:fbmi_text }); } When I use FireBug and look at the invite form it looks like this: <form id="req_form_4d20682f73ddb6e71722794" content="I've opened a new category called dsfsd. <fb:req-choice url='http://apps.facebook.com/appname/index.php?category_id=60' label='Authorize My Application' /> type="Invite" invite="true" method="post" target="_self" action="http://apps.facebook.com/appname/post_invite.php"> ... </form> But I still get the same error : Permission denied for <http://mydomain.com> (document.domain has not been set) to get property Window.closeInviteWidget from <http://apps.facebook.com> (document.domain=<http://facebook.com>)...

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• Adding x11vnc as a Solaris SMF service

  - by rojanu

  I am trying add x11vnc as SMF service but cannot get service to start. I tried googling but couldn't find anything that could help me. Here is the startup script #!/sbin/sh # # Copyright (c) 1995, 1997-1999 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. # All rights reserved. # #ident "@(#)x11vnc 1.14 06/11/17 SMI" case "$1" in 'start') #/usr/local/bin/x11vnc -geometry 1280x1024 -noshm -display :0 -ncache 10 -noshm -shared -forever -o /tmp/vnc_remote.log -bg /usr/local/bin/x11vnc -unixpw -ncache 10 -display :0 -noshm -shared -forever -o /tmp/vnc_remote.log ;; 'stop') /usr/bin/pkill -x -u 0 x11vnc ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 { start | stop }" ;; esac exit 0 and here is the manifest file <?xml version='1.0'?> <!DOCTYPE service_bundle SYSTEM '/usr/share/lib/xml/dtd/service_bundle.dtd.1'> <service_bundle type='manifest' name='vnc'> <service name='application/x11vnc' type='service' version='0'> <create_default_instance enabled='true'/> <single_instance/> <dependency name='docusp' grouping='require_all' restart_on='none' type='service'> <service_fmri value='svc:/milestone/multi-user-server:default'/> </dependency> <exec_method name='start' type='method' exec='/lib/svc/method/x11vnc' timeout_seconds='0'> <method_context/> </exec_method> <exec_method name='stop' type='method' exec=':true' timeout_seconds='10'> <method_context/> </exec_method> <stability value='Evolving' /> <property_group name='startd' type='framework'> <propval name='ignore_error' type='astring' value='core,signal'/> </property_group> </service> </service_bundle> and the log file Usage: /lib/svc/method/x11vnc { start | stop } [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Method "start" exited with status 0 ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Stopping because all processes in service exited. ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Executing stop method (:kill) ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Executing start method ("/lib/svc/method/x11vnc") ] Usage: /lib/svc/method/x11vnc { start | stop } [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Method "start" exited with status 0 ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Stopping because all processes in service exited. ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Executing stop method (:kill) ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Executing start method ("/lib/svc/method/x11vnc") ] Usage: /lib/svc/method/x11vnc { start | stop } [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Method "start" exited with status 0 ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Stopping because all processes in service exited. ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Executing stop method (:kill) ] [ Nov 16 19:35:52 Restarting too quickly, changing state to maintenance ] Any Ideas?

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• Best of both worlds: browser and desktop game?

  - by Ricket

  When considering a platform for a game, I've decided on multi-platform (Win/Lin/Mac) but can't make up my mind as far as browser vs. desktop. As I'm not all too far in development, and now having second thoughts, I'd like your opinion! Browser-based games using Java applets: market penetration is reasonably high (for version 6, it's somewhere around 60% I believe?) using JOGL, 3D performance/quality is decent; certainly good enough to render the crappy 3D graphics that I make there's the (small?) possibility of porting something to Android great for an audience of gamers who switch computers often; can sit down at any computer, load a webpage and play it also great for casual gamers or less knowledgeable gamers who are quite happy with playing games in a browser but don't want to install more things to their computer written in a high-level language which I am more familiar with than C++ - but at the same time, I would like to improve my skills with C++ as it is probably where I am headed in the game industry once I get out of school... easier update process: reload the page. Desktop games using good ol' C++ and OpenGL 100% market penetration, assuming complete cross-platform; however, that number reduces when you consider how many people will go through downloading and installing an executable compared to just browsing to a webpage and hitting "yes" to a security warning. more trouble to maintain the cross-platform; but again, for learning purposes I would embrace the challenge and the knowledge I would gain better performance all around true full screen, whereas browser games often struggle with smooth full screen graphics (especially on Linux, in my experience) can take advantage of distribution platforms such as Steam more likely to be considered a "real" game, whereas browser and Java games are often dismissed as not being real games and therefore not played by "hardcore gamers" installer can be large; don't have to worry so much about download times Is there a way to have the best of both worlds? I love Java applets, but I also really like the reasons to write a desktop game. I don't want to constantly port everything between a Java applet project and a C++ project; that would be twice the work! Unity chose to write their own web player plugin. I don't like this, because I am one of the people that will not install their web player for anything, and I don't see myself being able to convince my audience to install a browser plugin. What are my options? Are there other examples out there besides Unity, of games that have browser and desktop versions? Did I leave out anything in the pro/con lists above?

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• SQL Server CTE referred in self joins slow

  - by Kharlos Dominguez

  Hello, I have written a table-valued UDF that starts by a CTE to return a subset of the rows from a large table. There are several joins in the CTE. A couple of inner and one left join to other tables, which don't contain a lot of rows. The CTE has a where clause that returns the rows within a date range, in order to return only the rows needed. I'm then referencing this CTE in 4 self left joins, in order to build subtotals using different criterias. The query is quite complex but here is a simplified pseudo-version of it WITH DataCTE as ( SELECT [columns] FROM table INNER JOIN table2 ON [...] INNER JOIN table3 ON [...] LEFT JOIN table3 ON [...] ) SELECT [aggregates_columns of each subset] FROM DataCTE Main LEFT JOIN DataCTE BananasSubset ON [...] AND Product = 'Bananas' AND Quality = 100 LEFT JOIN DataCTE DamagedBananasSubset ON [...] AND Product = 'Bananas' AND Quality < 20 LEFT JOIN DataCTE MangosSubset ON [...] GROUP BY [ I have the feeling that SQL Server gets confused and calls the CTE for each self join, which seems confirmed by looking at the execution plan, although I confess not being an expert at reading those. I would have assumed SQL Server to be smart enough to only perform the data retrieval from the CTE only once, rather than do it several times. I have tried the same approach but rather than using a CTE to get the subset of the data, I used the same select query as in the CTE, but made it output to a temp table instead. The version referring the CTE version takes 40 seconds. The version referring the temp table takes between 1 and 2 seconds. Why isn't SQL Server smart enough to keep the CTE results in memory? I like CTEs, especially in this case as my UDF is a table-valued one, so it allowed me to keep everything in a single statement. To use a temp table, I would need to write a multi-statement table valued UDF, which I find a slightly less elegant solution. Did some of you had this kind of performance issues with CTE, and if so, how did you get them sorted? Thanks, Kharlos

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• Passing Auth to API calls with Web Service References

  - by coffeeaddict

  I am new to web services. The last time I dealt with SOAP was when I created a bunch of wrapper classes that sent requests and received responses back per some response objects/classes I had created. So I had an object to send certain API requests and likewise a set of objects to hold the response back as an object so I could utilize that 3rd party API. Then someone came to me and said why not just use the wsdl and a web service. Ok, so today I went and created a "Service Reference". I see that this is what's called a "Proxy Class". You just instantiate an instance of this and then walla you have access to all the methods from the wsdl. But this leaves me with auth questions. Back when I created my own classes manually, I had a class which exposed properties that I would set then access for things like signature, username, password that got sent along with the Http request that were required by whatever 3rd party API I was using to make API calls. But then with using a Service Reference, how then would I pass this information just like I had done in my custom classes? For instance I'm going to be working with the PayPal API. It requires you to send a signature and a few other pieces of information like username and password. // Determins if API call needs to use a session based URI string requestURI = UseAuthURI == true ? _requestURIAuthBased + aSessionID : _requestURI; byte[] data = XmlUtil.DocumentToBytes(doc); // Create the atual Request instance HttpWebRequest request = CreateWebRequest(requestURI, data.Length); So how do I pass username, password, signature, etc. when using web service references for each method call? Is it as simple as specifying it as a param to the method or do you use the .Credentials and .URL methods of your proxy class object? It seems to me Credentials means windows credentials but I could be wrong. Is it limited to that or can you use that to specify those required header values that PayPal expects with each method call/API request?

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• Maven profile properties are not "overriding"

  - by Nazar

  I have Maven multi-module project with such structure: parent-pom-project -- module1 -- module2 At the parent-pom-project I have such pom.xml <modules> <module>module1</module> </modules> ... <profiles> <profile> <id>local</id> <properties> <prop>local_prop</prop> </properties> </profile> <profile> <id>test</id> <modules> <module>module2</module> </modules> <properties> <prop>test_prop</prop> </properties> </profile> </profiles> At all pom.xml files I have such tag: <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/test/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build> At module1 and module2 in resource directory I have properties files with such text: prop=${prop} The problem is that after mvn clean install or mvn clean install -Ptest or even mvn clean install -P test I get prop=local_prop If I user test profile for build module2 is also builded, but properties are used from local profile. I use Maven 3.0.3. Anybody have any ideas?

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• How to define and work with an array of bits in C?

  - by Eddy

  I want to create a very large array on which I write '0's and '1's. I'm trying to simulate a physical process called random sequential adsorption, where units of length 2, dimers, are deposited onto an n-dimensional lattice at a random location, without overlapping each other. The process stops when there is no more room left on the lattice for depositing more dimers (lattice is jammed). Initially I start with a lattice of zeroes, and the dimers are represented by a pair of '1's. As each dimer is deposited, the site on the left of the dimer is blocked, due to the fact that the dimers cannot overlap. So I simulate this process by depositing a triple of '1's on the lattice. I need to repeat the entire simulation a large number of times and then work out the average coverage %. I've already done this using an array of chars for 1D and 2D lattices. At the moment I'm trying to make the code as efficient as possible, before working on the 3D problem and more complicated generalisations. This is basically what the code looks like in 1D, simplified: int main() { /* Define lattice */ array = (char*)malloc(N * sizeof(char)); total_c = 0; /* Carry out RSA multiple times */ for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) rand_seq_ads(); /* Calculate average coverage efficiency at jamming */ printf("coverage efficiency = %lf", total_c/1000); return 0; } void rand_seq_ads() { /* Initialise array, initial conditions */ memset(a, 0, N * sizeof(char)); available_sites = N; count = 0; /* While the lattice still has enough room... */ while(available_sites != 0) { /* Generate random site location */ x = rand(); /* Deposit dimer (if site is available) */ if(array[x] == 0) { array[x] = 1; array[x+1] = 1; count += 1; available_sites += -2; } /* Mark site left of dimer as unavailable (if its empty) */ if(array[x-1] == 0) { array[x-1] = 1; available_sites += -1; } } /* Calculate coverage %, and add to total */ c = count/N total_c += c; } For the actual project I'm doing, it involves not just dimers but trimers, quadrimers, and all sorts of shapes and sizes (for 2D and 3D). I was hoping that I would be able to work with individual bits instead of bytes, but I've been reading around and as far as I can tell you can only change 1 byte at a time, so either I need to do some complicated indexing or there is a simpler way to do it? Thanks for your answers

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• Problem Executing Async Web Request

  - by davidhayes

  Hi Can anyone tell me what I've done wrong with this simple code? When I run it it hangs on using (Stream postStream = request.EndGetRequestStream(asynchronousResult)) If I comment out the requestState.Wait.WaitOne(); line the code executes correctly but obviously doesn't wait for the response. I'm guessing the the call to EndGetRequestStream is somehow returning me to the context of the main thread?? I'm pretty sure my code is essentially the same as the sample though (MSDN Documentation) using System; using System.Net; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Ink; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Animation; using System.Windows.Shapes; using System.IO; using System.Text; namespace SBRemoteClient { public class JSONClient { public string ExecuteJSONQuery(string url, string query) { System.Uri uri = new Uri(url); HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri); request.Method = "POST"; request.Accept = "application/json"; byte[] requestBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(query); RequestState requestState = new RequestState(request, requestBytes); IAsyncResult resultRequest = request.BeginGetRequestStream(new AsyncCallback(GetRequestStreamCallback), requestState); requestState.Wait.WaitOne(); IAsyncResult resultResponse = (IAsyncResult)request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(GetResponseStreamCallback), requestState); requestState.Wait.WaitOne(); return requestState.Response; } private static void GetRequestStreamCallback(IAsyncResult asynchronousResult) { try { RequestState requestState = (RequestState)asynchronousResult.AsyncState; HttpWebRequest request = requestState.Request; using (Stream postStream = request.EndGetRequestStream(asynchronousResult)) { postStream.Write(requestState.RequestBytes, 0, requestState.RequestBytes.Length); } requestState.Wait.Set(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.Out.WriteLine(e); } } private static void GetResponseStreamCallback(IAsyncResult asynchronousResult) { RequestState requestState = (RequestState)asynchronousResult.AsyncState; HttpWebRequest request = requestState.Request; using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.EndGetResponse(asynchronousResult)) { using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream()) { using (StreamReader streamRead = new StreamReader(responseStream)) { requestState.Response = streamRead.ReadToEnd(); requestState.Wait.Set(); } } } } } }

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• Block copy PDF document

  - by Wiliam Witter

  hello Gentlemen, I would like block copy (ctrl+c ctrl+v) PDF document using java. I have a code that build a PDF document with JasperReport... //seta o caminho dos arquivos jasper String pathLote = ScopeSupport.getServletContext().getRealPath("priv/sgc/relatorios/AtaPregaoLotePageReport.jasper"); String pathCabecalho = ScopeSupport.getServletContext().getRealPath("priv/sgc/relatorios/CabecalhoPageReport.jasper"); String pathRodape = ScopeSupport.getServletContext().getRealPath("priv/sgc/relatorios/rodapePageReport.jasper"); String imagemDir = ScopeSupport.getServletContext().getRealPath("/priv/comum/img"); //HashMap parametros passa o parametro usado na query e o caminho da imagem HashMap<String,Object> parametros = new HashMap<String,Object>(); parametros.put("idPregao", idPregao); parametros.put("idLote", idLote); parametros.put("IMAGEM_DIR", imagemDir + "/"); parametros.put("USUARIO", "NomeUsuario" ); parametros.put("texto", texto); parametros.put("numeroAta", numAta); if(numAta != null && numAta > 0) parametros.put("relatorio", "Ata "+numAta); HashMap<String,Object> parametrosSub = new HashMap<String,Object>(); parametrosSub.put("CabecalhoPageReport", pathCabecalho); parametrosSub.put("rodapePageReport", pathRodape); parametrosSub.put("AtaPregaoPorLotePageReport", pathLote); for(String element : parametrosSub.keySet()){ parametros.put(element, (JasperReport) JRLoader.loadObject((String) (parametrosSub.get(element)))); } JasperReport report = (JasperReport) JRLoader.loadObject( pathLote ); JasperPrint printRel = JasperFillManager.fillReport( report, parametros, getJDBCConnection() ); byte[] bytes = JasperExportManager.exportReportToPdf(printRel); httpResponse.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment; filename=\""+ report.getName() + ".pdf" +"\";"); httpResponse.setContentLength(bytes.length); httpResponse.setContentType("application/pdf"); ServletOutputStream ouputStream = httpResponse.getOutputStream(); ouputStream.write(bytes, 0, bytes.length); ouputStream.flush(); ouputStream.close(); Who can help me with this?

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• Embedded "Smart" character LCD driver. Is this a good idea?

  - by chris12892

  I have an embedded project that I am working on, and I am currently coding the character LCD driver. At the moment, the LCD driver only supports "dumb" writing. For example, let's say line 1 has some text on it, and I make a call to the function that writes to the line. The function will simply seek to the beginning of the line and write the text (plus enough whitespace to erase whatever was last written). This is well and good, but I get the feeling it is horribly inefficient sometimes, since some lines are simply: "Some-reading: some-Value" Rather than "brute force" replacing the entire line, I wanted to develop some code that would figure out the best way to update the information on the LCD. (just as background, it takes 2 bytes to seek to any char position. I can then begin writing the string) My idea was to first have a loop. This loop would compare the input to the last write, and in doing so, it would cover two things: A: Collect all the differences between the last write and the input. For every contiguous segment (be it same or different) add two bytes to the byte count. This is referenced in B to determine if we are wasting serial bandwidth. B: The loop would determine if this is really a smart thing to do. If we end up using more bytes to update the line than to "brute force" the line, then we should just return and let the brute force method take over. We should exit the smart write function as soon as this condition is met to avoid wasting time. The next part of the function would take all the differences, seek to the required char on the LCD, and write them. Thus, if we have a string like this already on the LCD: "Current Temp: 80F" and we want to update it to "Current Temp: 79F" The function will go through and see that it would take less bandwidth to simply seek to the "8" and write "79". The "7" will cover the "8" and the "9" will cover the "0". That way, we don't waste time writing out the entire string. Does this seem like a practical idea?

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