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• What is the advantage of not running as root? [closed]

  - by Shmuel Brill

  Possible Duplicate: What's wrong with always being root? All modern brands of Linux highly discourage (or disable) one from running as root instead of a normal user. I do not understand why. As a "normal" user, one could Download a rouge program from the internet. Run it (After all, one isn't root, what can it do). It installs itself in .bashrc or .xinitrc It writes a rouge "sudo" and "su" and adds . to the path Not noticing that . is in path, one runs sudo. The rouge program now has root password and can do anything it wants in the system. Even if 3-6 doesn't happen, the program could still Be part of a botnet. Read all files in the home directory and send them back (mine for SS#, Credit Card numbers, bank account numbers, etc). Send spam. Run a backdoor server to allow an attacker a chance to connect to the machine to determine vulnerabilities. It seems that the whole "permissions" thing (root/non-root) is just to prevent amateur crackers from getting into the system, so the question is: Is there a point in avoiding running as root, and is there a way to protect oneself if one wants to run unsafe code?

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• Menu tab completion for recent history in zsh

  - by dat5h

  I am interested in a potential zle widget for zsh. Is there a way to build a widget that mimics the kill-completion selectable menu? Essentially I want to be able to press , tab in vi-command-mode, or maybe !-tab-completion at the shell and get a list of recent history (or related history compared what is already entered at the commandline) that allows me to scroll through it and possibly select a relevant function to call or compare similar calls. Looking through the manual I stumbled onto a similar widget that I have mapped like so: # tab completion history menu (vicmd) autoload -z history-beginning-search-menu zle -N history-beginning-search-menu-space-end history-beginning-search-menu bindkey -M vicmd "\t" history-beginning-search-menu-space-end # emacs binding could be "\e\t"? (I wouldn't know) Therefore, if I enter vicmd and hit tab when I enter something like "grep", then I get a list of all grep calls in history. It also asks me for the list-number and it will perform the numbered item in history. If I enter a space and then try this, it lists ALL of my history history. This is fairly close to what I want, but there are some problems. For example, 1) it prints the entire list of relevant history and does not check the number of lines of the screen so it could easily blow up the space on the terminal; 2) when I type in numbers for selecting an item in history it does not show me the numbers I type, so I may make a mistake and have to start over again; 3) I would love to be able to hook in appearance tweaks. I was wondering if there exists more updated version of this widget or if there is any way to look at the source for kill-completion or history-beginning-search-menu to see if I could think of a way to do it.

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• Sort order in Windows Explorer

  - by Haim H.

  The behaviour described below occurs on Windows-7 systems and on Windows XP. We operate in a dual-language environment - English and Hebrew. When in Windows Explorer we sort files by name, the order in which they are listed is not what we would expect. Here is a list of file names as sorted by Windows Explorer (all of the files have a .pdf suffix): 1G110033H-PP 19C050G-PP-ORB 19C050H-PPRM 19C100H-PPRM 19C-MBPS-PP 19C-MBPS-PP-1 29AAC050-PP 29AAC100-PP 29AAC100-PPUL 29B004064-PP 101AC050-PP 101AC100-PP 101B100-PPE 1091003G-PPFSUL 10108033G-PPSA 10125033H-PPM It looks to me that first the items are sorted according to the position of the first alphabetic character in the name, and then, within those groups, they are sorted in "normal" alpha-numeric order. That is, all the files with an alpha character in the first position are on top of the list, followed by those with the first alpha character in the second position, followed by those with the first alpha character in the third position, and so on. An alternate way of looking at this is that, in a file name composed of numbers and letters, the sort treats the first group of numbers in the name as the major sort node, with the rest of the name being the secondary sort node. Now that I understand the sequencing logic, it's not a big problem, but I was wondering why this happens?

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• Is there a fix to display 0 when arithmetic underflow occurs on the Windows 7 calculator?

  - by Pascal Qyy

  I have a problem that exasperates me: When I take the Windows 7 calculator in standard mode, if I do 4, then v (square root), the result is 2 Fine. But, at this point, if I do - (minus), then 2, the result is -1,068281969439142e-19 instead of 0! OK, I know about ? (machine epsilon), and yes, -1,068281969439142e-19 is less than the 64 bits ? (1.11e-16), so, we have an arithmetic underflow, in other words in this case: 0. Great, my computer is able to represent subnormal numbers instead of just flush to zero when this happens, and it seems that it is an improvement! Subnormal values fill the underflow gap with values where the absolute distance between them are the same as for adjacent values just outside of the underflow gap. This is an improvement over the older practice to just have zero in the underflow gap, and where underflowing results were replaced by zero (flush to zero). BUT: this result is false! when you try to explain the concept of the square root to a child and you end up with this kind of result, it only complicates your task... what is the point to represent subnormal numbers in a standard, non scientific calculator? So, is there a way to fix this?

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• Why is Windows Update trying to install an update I don't need?

  - by Oliver Salzburg

  I have a Windows 7 system that currently has a single update pending: Windows Internet Explorer 9 for Windows 7 for x64-based Systems If I try to install the update, Windows Update will: Create a restore point Fail with the error: Code 9C48 Windows Update encountered an error. The event log for the event reads: Installation Failure: Windows failed to install the following update with error 0x80070643: Windows Internet Explorer 9 for Windows 7 for x64-based Systems. If you search the web for that error, there are many other people with the exact same issue. Sadly, I am unable to apply the proposed solutions to my case, because I just installed this system. There is nothing on it, except Windows 7. I installed the system and ran through the updates. I also did the exact same process with this machine several times over the past few days due to a long-term test we just started. I didn't have any problems with any Windows Update on the previous installation runs and I know I didn't do anything different this time because I followed the installation procedures instructions which are to be used during the test. How did this happen and how do I solve it? Further Investigation So, as I always like to do, I ran the update again while running Process Monitor and dug up further details. WindowsUpdate.log First of all, there is a Windows Update log file located at C:\Windows\WindowsUpdate.log which I didn't know about. But I fail to see any significant entry in it, maybe you're more lucky: 2012-04-10 22:46:58:017 956 728 AU AU received approval from Ux for 1 updates 2012-04-10 22:46:58:017 956 728 AU AU setting pending client directive to 'Progress Ux' 2012-04-10 22:46:58:095 956 728 AU BeginInteractiveInstall invoked for Download 2012-04-10 22:46:58:095 956 728 AU Auto-approving update for download, updateId = {B33ACEC1-3265-4D01-9C37-AC0892E95ED9}.100, ForUx=1, IsOwnerUx=1, HasDeadline=0, IsMinor=0 2012-04-10 22:46:58:095 956 728 AU Auto-approved 1 update(s) for download (for Ux) 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU UpdateDownloadProperties: 0 download(s) are still in progress. 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU ############# 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU ## START ## AU: Download updates 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU ######### 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU # Approved updates = 1 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU AU initiated download, updateId = {B33ACEC1-3265-4D01-9C37-AC0892E95ED9}.100, callId = {35DF928B-B428-4BAC-8C63-55295967EFBB} 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU Setting AU scheduled install time to 2012-04-11 01:00:00 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU Currently showing Progress UX client - so not launching any other client 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 DnldMgr ************* 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 DnldMgr ** START ** DnldMgr: Downloading updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdatesWuApp] 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 DnldMgr ********* 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 DnldMgr * Call ID = {35DF928B-B428-4BAC-8C63-55295967EFBB} 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 DnldMgr * Priority = 3, Interactive = 1, Owner is system = 0, Explicit proxy = 0, Proxy session id = 1, ServiceId = {9482F4B4-E343-43B6-B170-9A65BC822C77} 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 DnldMgr * Updates to download = 1 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 Agent * Title = Windows Internet Explorer 9 for Windows 7 for x64-based Systems 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 Agent * UpdateId = {B33ACEC1-3265-4D01-9C37-AC0892E95ED9}.100 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 Agent * Bundles 1 updates: 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 Agent * {6D9A90B7-FAF9-4A47-9EFE-A506264873B3}.100 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 bb8 DnldMgr *********** DnldMgr: New download job [UpdateId = {6D9A90B7-FAF9-4A47-9EFE-A506264873B3}.100] *********** 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU # Pending download calls = 1 2012-04-10 22:46:58:110 956 728 AU ## RESUMED ## AU: Download update [UpdateId = {B33ACEC1-3265-4D01-9C37-AC0892E95ED9}, succeeded] 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 bb8 Agent ** END ** Agent: Downloading updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdatesWuApp] 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 bb8 Agent ************* 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 718 AU ######### 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 718 AU ## END ## AU: Download updates 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 718 AU ############# 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 718 AU Setting AU scheduled install time to 2012-04-11 01:00:00 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 718 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 718 AU Currently showing Progress UX client - so not launching any other client 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 718 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 aac AU Getting featured update notifications. fIncludeDismissed = true 2012-04-10 22:46:58:313 956 aac AU No featured updates available. 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU BeginInteractiveInstall invoked for Install 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU Auto-approving update for install, updateId = {B33ACEC1-3265-4D01-9C37-AC0892E95ED9}.100, ForUx=1, IsOwnerUx=1, HasDeadline=0, IsMinor=0 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU Auto-approved 1 update(s) for install (for Ux), installType=1 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU ############# 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU ## START ## AU: Install updates 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU ######### 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU # Initiating manual install 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU # Approved updates = 1 2012-04-10 22:47:00:107 956 aac AU ## RESUMED ## AU: Installing update [UpdateId = {B33ACEC1-3265-4D01-9C37-AC0892E95ED9}] 2012-04-10 22:47:13:773 2232 9fc Handler : WARNING: Exit code = 0x8024200B 2012-04-10 22:47:13:773 956 718 AU # WARNING: Install failed, error = 0x80070643 / 0x00009C48 2012-04-10 22:47:13:773 2232 9fc Handler ::::::::: 2012-04-10 22:47:13:773 2232 9fc Handler :: END :: Handler: Command Line Install 2012-04-10 22:47:13:773 2232 9fc Handler ::::::::::::: 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 a7c Agent ********* 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 a7c Agent ** END ** Agent: Installing updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates] 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 718 AU Install call completed. 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 a7c Agent ************* 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 718 AU # WARNING: Install call completed, reboot required = No, error = 0x00000000 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 718 AU ######### 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 718 AU ## END ## AU: Installing updates [CallId = {FCFF2A5C-25AB-4FB9-AB2B-35C65CCA6A9F}] 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 718 AU ############# 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 718 AU Install complete for all calls, reboot NOT needed 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 718 AU Setting AU scheduled install time to 2012-04-11 01:00:00 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 718 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 498 AU Getting featured update notifications. fIncludeDismissed = true 2012-04-10 22:47:13:851 956 498 AU No featured updates available. 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 168 AU No featured updates notifications to show 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 168 AU UpdateDownloadProperties: 0 download(s) are still in progress. 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 168 AU Triggering Offline detection (non-interactive) 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 168 AU AU setting pending client directive to 'Install Complete Ux' 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 168 AU Changing existing AU client directive from 'Progress Ux' to 'Install Complete Ux', session id = 0x1 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 168 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 b78 AU ############# 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 b78 AU ## START ## AU: Search for updates 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 b78 AU ######### 2012-04-10 22:47:14:366 956 b78 AU ## RESUMED ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {0198DD3A-D7B0-48F5-A77D-795F8A1BDCE8}] 2012-04-10 22:47:16:097 956 718 AU # 1 updates detected 2012-04-10 22:47:16:097 956 718 AU ######### 2012-04-10 22:47:16:097 956 718 AU ## END ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {0198DD3A-D7B0-48F5-A77D-795F8A1BDCE8}] 2012-04-10 22:47:16:097 956 718 AU ############# 2012-04-10 22:47:16:097 956 718 AU No featured updates notifications to show 2012-04-10 22:47:16:097 956 718 AU Setting AU scheduled install time to 2012-04-11 01:00:00 2012-04-10 22:47:16:097 956 718 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2012-04-10 22:47:16:097 956 718 AU Successfully wrote event for AU health state:0 2012-04-10 22:47:16:113 956 55c AU Getting featured update notifications. fIncludeDismissed = true 2012-04-10 22:47:16:113 956 55c AU No featured updates available. 2012-04-10 22:47:18:780 956 bb8 Report REPORT EVENT: {27479C66-E930-4F9C-AFF2-27EDD76DED8F} 2012-04-10 22:47:13:773+0200 1 182 101 {B33ACEC1-3265-4D01-9C37-AC0892E95ED9} 100 80070643 AutomaticUpdates Failure Content Install Installation Failure: Windows failed to install the following update with error 0x80070643: Windows Internet Explorer 9 for Windows 7 for x64-based Systems. 2012-04-10 22:47:18:780 956 bb8 Report CWERReporter::HandleEvents - WER report upload completed with status 0x8 2012-04-10 22:47:18:780 956 bb8 Report WER Report sent: 7.5.7601.17514 0x80070643 B33ACEC1-3265-4D01-9C37-AC0892E95ED9 Install 101 Unmanaged 2012-04-10 22:47:18:780 956 bb8 Report CWERReporter finishing event handling. (00000000) WU-IE9-Windows7-x64.exe The actual update that is executed is downloaded and stored at the following location: C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\Install\WU-IE9-Windows7-x64.exe Executing that file manually, results in the following error message: IE9_main.log The IE9 installer/updater also creates an own log file located at C:\Windows\IE9_main.log For the update session in question, the installer logged: 00:00.000: ==================================================================== 00:00.016: Started: 2012/04/10 (Y/M/D) 23:10:53.897 (local) 00:00.032: Time Format in this log: MM:ss.mmm (minutes:seconds.milliseconds) 00:00.063: Command line: "C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\Install\WU-IE9-Windows7-x64.exe" 00:00.078: INFO: Setup installer for Internet Explorer: 9.0.8112.16421 00:00.094: INFO: Previous version of Internet Explorer: 9.0.8112.16443 00:00.110: INFO: Checking if iexplore.exe's current version is between 9.0.6001.0... 00:00.125: INFO: ...and 9.1.0.0... 00:00.141: INFO: Maximum version on which to run IEAK branding is: 9.1.0.0... 00:00.156: ERROR: A newer version of Internet Explorer is already installed on the system. 00:00.188: ERROR: Internet Explorer version check failed. 01:03.789: INFO: Setup exit code: 0x00009C48 (40008) - A more recent version of Internet Explorer is installed. 01:03.820: INFO: Scheduling upload to IE SQM server: http://sqm.microsoft.com/sqm/ie/sqmserver.dll 01:03.852: INFO: SQM Upload returned 403 01:03.867: INFO: Cleaning up temporary files in: C:\Windows\TEMP\IE978E.tmp 01:03.883: INFO: Unable to remove directory C:\Windows\TEMP\IE978E.tmp, marking for deletion on reboot. 01:03.898: INFO: Released Internet Explorer Installer Mutex Which pretty much confirms what the error message says when executing the update manually; it's simply already installed or even obsolete because a newer version is installed. So, why does it try to keep installing the update? Possible solutions? Uninstalling Windows Internet Explorer 9 and manually installing the cached C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download\Install\WU-IE9-Windows7-x64.exe will result in the same error after applying all pending updates. Applying the FixIt for the issue You receive “0x80070643” or “0x643” error codes when you try to install .NET Framework updates through Windows Update or Microsoft Updates will not resolve the issue. Applying the suggested solution for the issue Error message when you try to install updates by using the Windows Update or Microsoft Update Web site: "0x80070003" will not resolve the issue. Running the FixIt Automatically diagnose and fix common problems with Windows Update does report having resolved issues with Windows Update, but didn't resolve the issue. Running the FixIt for the issue How to troubleshoot Windows Update or Microsoft Update when you are repeatedly offered an update does not resolve the issue. Neither with normal nor with aggressive settings.

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• How do I export address book from N97

  - by mplungjan

  Hi, I need to copy my numbers from my private Nokia to my office BB. I have not found a way to export my phone numbers from ovi or elsewhere. On Mac iSync stopped working with snow leopard and OVI on windows does not export. I do not mind using a windows suggestion. I lost a description on how to use the ovi backup files in another program. What I have done so far terminal: sudo open -a iSync.app - it launched but iSync said "this device is not supported by iSync" went here http://europe.nokia.com/support/product-support/isync/compatibility-and-download found a plugin (I am sure that was not there a while ago :| ) Checked software version 22.0.110 installed plugin Ran iSync which found and installed my N97 device successfully. synced. It stopped with The connection was lost while talking to the phone. http://discussions.europe.nokia.com/t5/Nseries-and-S60-Smartphones/N97-iSync-Multimedia-Transfer-Modem/m-p/568560 no news since Jan 2010. Tried to download and install http://best-vcard.en.softonic.com/symbian but the installer fails :( I simply do not understand why Nokia is giving us such a hard time. I would not have considered switching from Nokia if Mac had been better supported. It is so frustrating that they just seem not to care losing Nokia fanbois like me - especially since I am this outspoken on the net and what i say on popular forums gets indexed by google fast. I am very close to just go iPhone here. Hope someone has Nokia's ears UPDATE: I Downloaded NbuExplorer from sourceforge. It will extract everything from an OVI backup into VCF, VCS and VMG files. Very useful software and free.

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• How to change controller numbering/enumeration in Solaris 10?

  - by Jim

  After moving a Solaris 10 server to a new machine, the rpool disk is now c1t0d0. We have some third party applications hard coded for c0t0d0. How can I change the controller enumeration on this machine? There is no longer a c0. I've tried rebuilding the /etc/path_to_inst, but the instance numbers don't seem to match up with the controller numbers. Also, it's not clear if i86pc platforms use this file. I've tried devfsadm -C to clear the dangling links, but I'm not sure how to cause devfsadm to start numbering from 0 again (or force certain devices in the tree to a specific controller number). Next I am going to try to create the symlinks manually in /dev/dsk and rdsk to point to the correct /devices. I feel like I am going way off path here. Any suggestions? Thanks Update: This is on virtual ESXi hardware with an additional pass-through HBA. There is no controller 0 on the machine, that is for sure. devfsadm -C cleans up all the c0 device symlinks but keeps the already linked controllers at their current ids.

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• Are same IP address with different submask unique?

  - by xEnOn

  In a same block of IPv4 addresses, can there be same IPs with different submasks? For example, can I have this: 180.70.65.140/26 180.70.65.140/25 180.70.65.140/24 All the 3 addresses above have the same numbers but different subnet mask. Are all the 3 addresses distinct of their own? In other words, 180.70.65.140/25 belongs to User A, 180.70.65.140/25 belongs to User B and 180.70.65.140/24 belongs to User C? After applying the submask, their network addresses look like this: 180.70.65.140/26 --> 180.70.65.128/26 180.70.65.140/25 --> 180.70.65.128/25 180.70.65.140/24 --> 180.70.65.0/24 If the addresses are recognised uniquely, how is it so? How would each of the these addresses being recognised to be unique? I am thinking like once I have 180.70.65.140/26, I can't reuse the same numbers of 180.70.65.140 again but since classless is meant to increase the number of IP addresses, it would do much if I can't reuse.

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• Interactive console based CSV editor

  - by Penguin Nurse

  Although spreadsheet applications for editing CSV files on the console used to be one of the earliest killer applications for personal computers, only few of them and even less documentation about them is still actively maintained. After having done extensive search on the web, manpages and source code, I ended up with the following three applications that all have fundamental drawbacks: sc: abbrev. for spreadsheet calculator; nice tool with vi keybings, but it does not put strings containing the delimiter into quotas when exporting to delimiter separated format and can't import csv files correctly, i.e. all numbers are interpreted as strings GNU oleo: doesn't seem to be actively maintained any longer since 2001 and there are therefore no packages for major linux distributions teapot: offers packages for various operating systems, but uses for example counter-intuitive naming for cells (numbers for row and column, i.e. 11 seems to be intended to be row 1, column 1) and superfluous code for FLTK GUI Various Emacs modes also do not quote strings containing the delimiter well or are require much more typing for entering the scaffold of a table. Therefore I would be very grateful for overcoming one of theses drawbacks or any hints towards another console based CSV editor. It actually needn't do any calculations just editing cells or column- and rowise.

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• How to discover true identity of hard disk?

  - by F21

  I have 2 fake external hard drives that claim to have a storage capacity of 2TB. I pulled the enclosure apart and the hard drives seems to be refurbished ones with their labels replaced as Barracuda LP 2000 GB labels (the serial numbers on both labels are the same). Interestingly, one of the drives have 160G written on it with pencil. However, the counterfeiters seem to have done something to the firmware, because CrystalDiskInfo reports them as 2TB ST2000DL003 drives. I then delete the 1.81 TB partition in Windows disk management and tried to create a new one and format it. Once I get to this point, the drives would make some noise that is common to dying drives. I am not interested in using these drives for production, but I am interested in finding the true identity (manufacturer/serial number/model number, etc) and restoring it to their factory defaults with the right capacity. Can this be done without any special equipment? This would be an interesting learning exercise. Some pictures of the drives in question: Here are the screens from CrystalDiskInfo: Note the serial numbers are the same (these are 2 different drives!). How is this done? Did they have to tamper with the controller board? I would assume that changing the firmware doesn't change the serial number at all.

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• Numbering grouped data in Excel

  - by Jeff

  I have an Excel spreadsheet (2010) with data similar to this: Dogs Brown Nice Dogs White Nice Dogs White Moody Cats Black Nice Cats Black Mean Cats White Nice Cats White Mean I want to group these animals but I only care about species and color. I don't care about disposition. I want to assign group numbers to the set as shown here. 1 Dogs Brown Nice 2 Dogs White Nice 2 Dogs White Moody 3 Cats Black Nice 3 Cats Black Mean 4 Cats White Nice 4 Cats White Mean I was able to select all the species and colors, then from the data tab select 'advanced', then 'unique records only'. This collapsed the data so that I could number the visible rows. Then when I 'cleared' the filter I could easily just fill the blank areas under the numbers with the number above. The problem is that my real data has far too many rows for this to be practical. Also, the trick about entering 1 in the first cell, 2 in the cell below, selecting both then dragging the corner down to 'auto-number' doesn't seem to work when you're viewing filtered rows. Any way to do this?

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• iptables to block non-VPN-traffic if not through tun0

  - by dacrow

  I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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• Remotely viewing IP camera on Belkin N450 DB router

  - by Mike Miller

  I need to setup a wireless IP camera (Trendnet TV-IP501W) on my network so that it is remotely visible from anywhere. Right now I successfully connected it to my home network but nothing else. My router is a Belkin N450 DB. Any help would be much appreciated, including what this would be referred to as so I could more easily ask another forum. I believe it is something like "port forwarding" but I'm not sure. Ok, I believe I found this in the "virtual servers" section. It asks for enabling with a check box, description, inbound port, type, private IP, & private port. In that order I have checked enabling, "camera", 150, TCP, 81, and 81? I'm assuming inbound ports are the numbers I use for the home network - xxx.xxx.x.150 and the 81 was for private. I used my WAN IP and added :81 and .81 but didn't get it. What am I doing wrong? Ok, I believe I found this in the "virtual servers" section. It asks for enabling with a check box, description, inbound port, type, private IP, & private port. In that order I have checked enabling, "camera", 150, TCP, 81, and 81? I'm assuming inbound ports are the numbers I use for the home network - xxx.xxx.x.150 and the 81 was for private. I used my WAN IP and added :81 and .81 but didn't get it. What am I doing wrong?

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• iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

  - by dacrow

  I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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• Cannot open root device xvda1 or unknown-block(0,0)

  - by svoop

  I'm putting together a Dom0 and three DomU (all Gentoo) with kernel 3.5.7 and Xen 4.1.1. Each Dom has it's own md (md0 for Dom0, md1 for Dom1 etc). Dom0 works fine so far, however, I'm stuck trying to create DomUs. It appears the xvda1 device on DomU is not created or accessible: Parsing config file dom1 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_allocate: cmdline="root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3", features="(null)" domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_kernel_mem: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_xen_init: ver 4.1, caps xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_parse_image: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_find_loader: trying multiboot-binary loader ... domainbuilder: detail: loader probe failed domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_find_loader: trying Linux bzImage loader ... domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_malloc : 10530 kB domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x2f7a4f -> 0xa48888 domainbuilder: detail: loader probe OK xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x1000000 memsz=0x558000 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x1558000 memsz=0x690e8 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x15c2000 memsz=0x127c0 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x15d5000 memsz=0x533000 xc: detail: elf_parse_binary: memory: 0x1000000 -> 0x1b08000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_OS = "linux" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_VERSION = "2.6" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: XEN_VERSION = "xen-3.0" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: VIRT_BASE = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: ENTRY = 0xffffffff815d5210 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: HYPERCALL_PAGE = 0xffffffff81001000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: FEATURES = "!writable_page_tables|pae_pgdir_above_4gb" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: PAE_MODE = "yes" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: LOADER = "generic" xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: unknown xen elf note (0xd) xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: SUSPEND_CANCEL = 0x1 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: HV_START_LOW = 0xffff800000000000 xc: detail: elf_xen_parse_note: PADDR_OFFSET = 0x0 xc: detail: elf_xen_addr_calc_check: addresses: xc: detail: virt_base = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: elf_paddr_offset = 0x0 xc: detail: virt_offset = 0xffffffff80000000 xc: detail: virt_kstart = 0xffffffff81000000 xc: detail: virt_kend = 0xffffffff81b08000 xc: detail: virt_entry = 0xffffffff815d5210 xc: detail: p2m_base = 0xffffffffffffffff domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_parse_elf_kernel: xen-3.0-x86_64: 0xffffffff81000000 -> 0xffffffff81b08000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_mem_init: mem 5000 MB, pages 0x138800 pages, 4k each domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_mem_init: 0x138800 pages domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_mem_init: called domainbuilder: detail: x86_compat: guest xen-3.0-x86_64, address size 64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_malloc : 10000 kB domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image: called domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: kernel : 0xffffffff81000000 -> 0xffffffff81b08000 (pfn 0x1000 + 0xb08 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x1000+0xb08 at 0x7fdec9b85000 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 0 at 0x0x7fdec9b85000 -> 0x0x7fdeca0dd000 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 1 at 0x0x7fdeca0dd000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1460e8 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 2 at 0x0x7fdeca147000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1597c0 xc: detail: elf_load_binary: phdr 3 at 0x0x7fdeca15a000 -> 0x0x7fdeca1cd000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: phys2mach : 0xffffffff81b08000 -> 0xffffffff824cc000 (pfn 0x1b08 + 0x9c4 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x1b08+0x9c4 at 0x7fdec91c1000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : start info : 0xffffffff824cc000 (pfn 0x24cc) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : xenstore : 0xffffffff824cd000 (pfn 0x24cd) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : console : 0xffffffff824ce000 (pfn 0x24ce) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x0000ffffffffffff/48: 0xffff000000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x0000007fffffffff/39: 0xffffff8000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x000000003fffffff/30: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffffbfffffff, 1 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: nr_page_tables: 0x00000000001fffff/21: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffff827fffff, 20 table(s) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_segment: page tables : 0xffffffff824cf000 -> 0xffffffff824e6000 (pfn 0x24cf + 0x17 pages) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x24cf+0x17 at 0x7fdece676000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_alloc_page : boot stack : 0xffffffff824e6000 (pfn 0x24e6) domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image : virt_alloc_end : 0xffffffff824e7000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_build_image : virt_pgtab_end : 0xffffffff82800000 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_boot_image: called domainbuilder: detail: arch_setup_bootearly: doing nothing domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_64 <= matches domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_32p domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_32 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_32p domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: hvm-3.0-x86_64 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_update_guest_p2m: dst 64bit, pages 0x138800 domainbuilder: detail: clear_page: pfn 0x24ce, mfn 0x37ddee domainbuilder: detail: clear_page: pfn 0x24cd, mfn 0x37ddef domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x24cc+0x1 at 0x7fdece675000 domainbuilder: detail: start_info_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: setup_hypercall_page: vaddr=0xffffffff81001000 pfn=0x1001 domainbuilder: detail: domain builder memory footprint domainbuilder: detail: allocated domainbuilder: detail: malloc : 20658 kB domainbuilder: detail: anon mmap : 0 bytes domainbuilder: detail: mapped domainbuilder: detail: file mmap : 0 bytes domainbuilder: detail: domU mmap : 21392 kB domainbuilder: detail: arch_setup_bootlate: shared_info: pfn 0x0, mfn 0xbaa6f domainbuilder: detail: shared_info_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: vcpu_x86_64: called domainbuilder: detail: vcpu_x86_64: cr3: pfn 0x24cf mfn 0x37dded domainbuilder: detail: launch_vm: called, ctxt=0x7fff224e4ea0 domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_release: called Daemon running with PID 4639 [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.5.7-gentoo (root@majordomo) (gcc version 4.5.4 (Gentoo 4.5.4 p1.0, pie-0.4.7) ) #1 SMP Tue Nov 20 10:49:51 CET 2012 [ 0.000000] Command line: root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3 [ 0.000000] ACPI in unprivileged domain disabled [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009ffff] usable [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x00000000000a0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] Xen: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000138ffffff] usable [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active [ 0.000000] MPS support code is not built-in. [ 0.000000] Using acpi=off or acpi=noirq or pci=noacpi may have problem [ 0.000000] DMI not present or invalid. [ 0.000000] No AGP bridge found [ 0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x139000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000 [ 0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x100000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000 [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0xffffffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x100000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] NUMA turned off [ 0.000000] Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000138ffffff] [ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x00000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] NODE_DATA [mem 0x1387fc000-0x1387fffff] [ 0.000000] Zone ranges: [ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x00010000-0x00ffffff] [ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x01000000-0xffffffff] [ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x100000000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00010000-0x0009ffff] [ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x00100000-0x138ffffff] [ 0.000000] SMP: Allowing 1 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs [ 0.000000] No local APIC present [ 0.000000] APIC: disable apic facility [ 0.000000] APIC: switched to apic NOOP [ 0.000000] e820: cannot find a gap in the 32bit address range [ 0.000000] e820: PCI devices with unassigned 32bit BARs may break! [ 0.000000] e820: [mem 0x139100000-0x1394fffff] available for PCI devices [ 0.000000] Booting paravirtualized kernel on Xen [ 0.000000] Xen version: 4.1.1 (preserve-AD) [ 0.000000] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:64 nr_cpumask_bits:64 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1 [ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 26 pages/cpu @ffff880138400000 s75712 r8192 d22592 u2097152 [ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 1259871 [ 0.000000] Policy zone: Normal [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/xvda1 console=hvc0 root=/dev/xvda1 ro 3 [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [ 0.000000] __ex_table already sorted, skipping sort [ 0.000000] Checking aperture... [ 0.000000] No AGP bridge found [ 0.000000] Memory: 4943980k/5128192k available (3937k kernel code, 448k absent, 183764k reserved, 1951k data, 524k init) [ 0.000000] SLUB: Genslabs=15, HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 [ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation. [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:4352 nr_irqs:256 16 [ 0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x25 [ 0.000000] console [tty0] enabled [ 0.000000] console [hvc0] enabled [ 0.000000] installing Xen timer for CPU 0 [ 0.000000] Detected 3411.602 MHz processor. [ 0.000999] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 6823.20 BogoMIPS (lpj=3411602) [ 0.000999] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [ 0.000999] Security Framework initialized [ 0.001355] Dentry cache hash table entries: 1048576 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes) [ 0.002974] Inode-cache hash table entries: 524288 (order: 10, 4194304 bytes) [ 0.003441] Mount-cache hash table entries: 256 [ 0.003595] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.003599] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer [ 0.003637] ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: Set to 'normal', was 'performance' [ 0.003637] ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: View and update with x86_energy_perf_policy(8) [ 0.003643] CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0 [ 0.003645] CPU: Processor Core ID: 0 [ 0.003702] SMP alternatives: switching to UP code [ 0.011791] Freeing SMP alternatives: 12k freed [ 0.011835] Performance Events: unsupported p6 CPU model 42 no PMU driver, software events only. [ 0.011886] Brought up 1 CPUs [ 0.011998] Grant tables using version 2 layout. [ 0.012009] Grant table initialized [ 0.012034] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [ 0.012328] PCI: setting up Xen PCI frontend stub [ 0.015089] bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0 [ 0.015158] ACPI: Interpreter disabled. [ 0.015180] xen/balloon: Initialising balloon driver. [ 0.015180] xen-balloon: Initialising balloon driver. [ 0.015180] vgaarb: loaded [ 0.016126] SCSI subsystem initialized [ 0.016314] PCI: System does not support PCI [ 0.016320] PCI: System does not support PCI [ 0.016435] NetLabel: Initializing [ 0.016438] NetLabel: domain hash size = 128 [ 0.016440] NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 [ 0.016447] NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default [ 0.016475] Switching to clocksource xen [ 0.017434] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled [ 0.017501] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [ 0.017864] IP route cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) [ 0.019322] TCP established hash table entries: 524288 (order: 11, 8388608 bytes) [ 0.020376] TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes) [ 0.020497] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 524288 bind 65536) [ 0.020500] TCP: reno registered [ 0.020525] UDP hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) [ 0.020564] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 4096 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) [ 0.020624] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [ 0.020658] PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering for IO (SWIOTLB) [ 0.020662] software IO TLB [mem 0xfb632000-0xff631fff] (64MB) mapped at [ffff8800fb632000-ffff8800ff631fff] [ 0.020750] platform rtc_cmos: registered platform RTC device (no PNP device found) [ 0.021378] HugeTLB registered 2 MB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages [ 0.023378] msgmni has been set to 9656 [ 0.023544] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 253) [ 0.023549] io scheduler noop registered [ 0.023551] io scheduler deadline registered [ 0.023580] io scheduler cfq registered (default) [ 0.023650] pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5 [ 0.023845] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled [ 0.024082] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3 [ 0.024085] Linux agpgart interface v0.103 [ 0.024207] Event-channel device installed. [ 0.024265] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810 [ 0.024268] [drm:i915_init] *ERROR* drm/i915 can't work without intel_agp module! [ 0.025145] brd: module loaded [ 0.025565] loop: module loaded [ 0.045646] Initialising Xen virtual ethernet driver. [ 0.198264] i8042: PNP: No PS/2 controller found. Probing ports directly. [ 0.199096] i8042: No controller found [ 0.199139] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [ 0.259303] rtc_cmos rtc_cmos: rtc core: registered rtc_cmos as rtc0 [ 0.259353] rtc_cmos: probe of rtc_cmos failed with error -38 [ 0.259440] md: raid1 personality registered for level 1 [ 0.259542] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) [ 0.259732] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 0.259747] TCP: cubic registered [ 0.259886] NET: Registered protocol family 10 [ 0.260031] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team [ 0.260070] sit: IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver [ 0.260194] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [ 0.260213] Bridge firewalling registered [ 5.360075] XENBUS: Waiting for devices to initialise: 25s...20s...15s...10s...5s...0s...235s...230s...225s...220s...215s...210s...205s...200s...195s...190s...185s...180s...175s...170s...165s...160s...155s...150s...145s...140s...135s...130s...125s...120s...115s...110s...105s...100s...95s...90s...85s...80s...75s...70s...65s...60s...55s...50s...45s...40s...35s...30s...25s...20s...15s...10s...5s...0s... [ 270.360180] XENBUS: Timeout connecting to device: device/vbd/51713 (local state 3, remote state 1) [ 270.360273] md: Waiting for all devices to be available before autodetect [ 270.360277] md: If you don't use raid, use raid=noautodetect [ 270.360388] md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. [ 270.360392] md: Scanned 0 and added 0 devices. [ 270.360394] md: autorun ... [ 270.360395] md: ... autorun DONE. [ 270.360431] VFS: Cannot open root device "xvda1" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6 [ 270.360435] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions: [ 270.360440] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) [ 270.360444] Pid: 1, comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.5.7-gentoo #1 [ 270.360446] Call Trace: [ 270.360454] [<ffffffff813d2205>] ? panic+0xbe/0x1c5 [ 270.360459] [<ffffffff813d2358>] ? printk+0x4c/0x51 [ 270.360464] [<ffffffff815d5fb7>] ? mount_block_root+0x24f/0x26d [ 270.360469] [<ffffffff815d62b6>] ? prepare_namespace+0x168/0x192 [ 270.360474] [<ffffffff815d5ca7>] ? kernel_init+0x1b0/0x1c2 [ 270.360477] [<ffffffff815d5500>] ? loglevel+0x34/0x34 [ 270.360482] [<ffffffff813d5a64>] ? kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10 [ 270.360486] [<ffffffff813d4038>] ? retint_restore_args+0x5/0x6 [ 270.360490] [<ffffffff813d5a60>] ? gs_change+0x13/0x13 The config: name = "dom1" bootloader = "/usr/bin/pygrub" root = "/dev/xvda1 ro" extra = "3" # runlevel memory = 5000 disk = [ 'phy:/dev/md1,xvda1,w' ] # vif = [ 'ip=..., vifname=veth1' ] # none for now Here are some details on the Dom0 kernel (grepping for "xen"): CONFIG_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_DOM0=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVILEGED_GUEST=y CONFIG_XEN_PVHVM=y CONFIG_XEN_MAX_DOMAIN_MEMORY=500 CONFIG_XEN_SAVE_RESTORE=y CONFIG_PCI_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_FRONTEND is not set CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_BACKEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_FRONTEND is not set CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_BACKEND=y CONFIG_INPUT_XEN_KBDDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_WDT is not set # CONFIG_XEN_FBDEV_FRONTEND is not set # Xen driver support CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON=y # CONFIG_XEN_SELFBALLOONING is not set CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES=y CONFIG_XEN_DEV_EVTCHN=y CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND=y CONFIG_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_COMPAT_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_SYS_HYPERVISOR=y CONFIG_XEN_XENBUS_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_GNTDEV=m CONFIG_XEN_GRANT_DEV_ALLOC=m CONFIG_SWIOTLB_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_TMEM=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_BACKEND=m CONFIG_XEN_PRIVCMD=y CONFIG_XEN_ACPI_PROCESSOR=m And the DomU kernel (grepping for "xen"): CONFIG_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_DOM0=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVILEGED_GUEST=y CONFIG_XEN_PVHVM=y CONFIG_XEN_MAX_DOMAIN_MEMORY=500 CONFIG_XEN_SAVE_RESTORE=y CONFIG_PCI_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_PCIDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_INPUT_XEN_KBDDEV_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN=y CONFIG_HVC_XEN_FRONTEND=y # CONFIG_XEN_WDT is not set # CONFIG_XEN_FBDEV_FRONTEND is not set # Xen driver support CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON=y # CONFIG_XEN_SELFBALLOONING is not set CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES=y CONFIG_XEN_DEV_EVTCHN=y # CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND is not set CONFIG_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_COMPAT_XENFS=y CONFIG_XEN_SYS_HYPERVISOR=y CONFIG_XEN_XENBUS_FRONTEND=y CONFIG_XEN_GNTDEV=m CONFIG_XEN_GRANT_DEV_ALLOC=m CONFIG_SWIOTLB_XEN=y CONFIG_XEN_TMEM=y CONFIG_XEN_PRIVCMD=y CONFIG_XEN_ACPI_PROCESSOR=m Any ideas what I'm doing wrong here? Thanks a lot!

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• Delete cell content in Libre (Open) Office based on the cell value

  - by take2

  I have a huge csv file (tens of thousands of rows) that I need to filter based on different criteria. After trying to find a proper CSV editor, I decided to use LibreOffice Calc. CSVed is great, but it doesn't support neither UTF-8 nor macros for advanced filtering. So, there are 4 columns, 3 of which contain numbers (with decimal numbers) and 1 of which contains text. I'm trying to find a way to delete rows with a macro code. I can achieve the desired behavior with filters too, but it's annoying to type all of the filtering values over and over again and there doesn't seem to be a way to export the filter and us it repeatedly. These rows should be deleted: The ones that don't contain certain words in textual column (column A). There are a few thousand different words used in that column and I want to keep only the rows that contain one of about 30 words in that column. Additionally, the number is the other columns should be bigger than 3.8 (column B), 4.5 (column C) and smaller than 20 (column C). The row-deletion type is "Shift up". Hopefully I have explained it well. Thanks a lot in advance for your help!

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• How to prevent eMule from jamming up the router?

  - by the searcher

  Usually, when eMule is started, after some time, I find that the router is jammed, so the internet connection on that computer stopped working, or it seemed to be waiting for some port to be freed up before it can connect to a website. This sometimes affect even other PCs or Macs using the same router. Is there a way to prevent eMule from hogging too much resource or ports? I see that there is under Options -> Connection "Max Sources/File" and a "Connection Limits - Maximum Connections". Right now I set them to really low numbers: the first to 120 and the second to 200, but what are good numbers to fill in there so that it can work well without jamming up the router or use up the network resource of the PC or Mac? Or could it be that the number of files that are "Waiting" is too high, and used up too much resource? (If so, can emule automatically limit the number to 10 or 20 to prevent using too much resource?) (This happened before on Linksys router, Netgear router, and the AT&T U-verse router.)

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• Understanding Microsoft Word Formatting Behavior. Does anyone?

  - by deemer

  This isn't a question about how to do something (well, not directly), but rather an inquiry to see if anyone understands why MS Word behaves the way it does with respect to formatting from a design perspective. This is also admittedly a rant about Word. This is a question that has plagued me, well, every time I open a document in Word, and covers a lot of individual topics, so I'll restrict the discussion here to two concrete behaviors that baffle me. 1) Backspacing over whitespace changes the format of preceding text. This seems to most often occur when the preceding text is a header or list number. The strangest thing about this is the new format of the changed text usually doesn't appear anywhere else in the document. 2) Numbered lists count almost at random. I am working on a document today where the list numbers count as follows: 1, 2, 2, 3, 3. The lettering in the sublists go like this 1: a, 2: a, 2: b c d, 3: e f g, 3: a. Clicking on each number or letter highlights the other numbers or letters that Word thinks it is related to, which are scattered around the document pretty heavily. Attempts to renumber the list have so far proven fruitless, as Word seems to maintain these associations through clipboard copies, etc. Why could this even happen?

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• Use autocomplete in dropdown cells with Excel 2007?

  - by Martin

  I want to make a survey with Excel and I therefore have defined the cells for the answers as a dropdown cell which only accepts answers from a certain list, e. g.: The two Lists List1 and List2 (yellow cells) are the possible answers for the questions in Block 1.x resp. 2.x (blue) . There might be a block 4 with more questions, which again use List1 for their possible answers. My problem is: I'd like to be able to use the autocompleate feature to fill in the blue cells with the dropdown menu, so that the user only types 5 and it automatically expands to "5: extremely important" or "5: extremely difficult". According to my research on the www, this should be possible if I add the list with possible answers directly above the cells where autocomplete should work (I did this with the green helper cells which could be hidden) . But I have to enter at least 4 characters 5: e to get the autocompleted suggestion. Is there a way to make autocomplete already replace a "5" by the corresponding valid term? As the survey file shall be distributed to a lot of people "outside", I can not use VBA magic because it may be blocked on their computer and might not work. EDIT: it seems to have to do with the numbers I use: If I'd start my List items with A, B, C instead of 1, 2, 3, it would work perfectly. Excel seems to ignore the pure numbers when they are entered and does not try to autocomplete them.. is there a workaround? (I hope it is clear what I want, it seems a little difficult to explain.)

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• standard deviation on excel

  - by user270692

  so I have 3 data sets, which all came from the first data set using the excel program. all consisted of random numbers from =randbetween(0,100) starting from A2:A102 which is 100 integers. for data set b I had to enter=SUM(A2+5) press enter and drag it down to get the integers for cells B2:B102 and for C I had to do multiplication t get it. I did =PRODUCT(A2:A102*5). so everything was taken from data set A. now I did the formulas needed to do sample standard dev and mean(average) . for data set a and b the standard deviations were the same but the mean was larger in data set B of course because I added 5 to each cell in set A. my question is why wouldn't the standard deviation be the same for data set C also? if im using the info from data set A? and how do I calculate the standard deviation (sample) by hand so I can explain why the standard dev doesn't change but the mean does. I don't know what numbers to include in the formula for sample standard deviation.

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• How can I create a separate toolbar from the Task Bar?

  - by Iszi

  In Windows XP, you could separate toolbars from the Task Bar by dragging them to the desktop. They could then be left lying about anywhere on your screen or, my preferred option, docked to any side of the screen. I found this particularly useful to keep a handy list of common phone numbers quickly accessible. I'd create a new toolbar pointing to a custom folder, and put a bunch of dead shortcuts in the folder that had names and numbers as their file names. I'd then dock the toolbar to the left side, set it to auto-hide and always on top (options which could be set separate from the Task Bar as well) and it would be readily available no matter what else I was doing on my system. However, on my Windows 7 system, I seem unable to perform the crucial step of pulling the new toolbar off of the Task Bar. This is of course with the Task Bar "unlocked" so that I can move all my toolbars around. Is there something I'm missing here, or is this a feature that's been disabled in Windows 7? Is there any way to re-enable it, or otherwise achieve similar functionality? I'd rather be able to do this without additional software, if possible.

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• What kind of server configuration is best for a chatting app? [closed]

  - by mohabitar

  I'm just now starting to go deeper into the world of cloud hosting and databases, and am getting overwhelmed by how deep this information goes. It's all a little too much to consume in a short amount of time. I get a lot of pricing information, but I'm unable to determine what that means to me. I'm making what you might compare to an email app. Users can send messages to one another. I just don't understand, out of the several options, what would be ideal for an app like this, where users would be constantly sending and receiving text data. With Amazon DynamoDB, I have to specify a pre-defined throughput with number of reads and writes per second. Sure I can just type 50, but I'm not exactly sure what 50 writes per second represents. I'm trying to determine what would be the most cost efficient solution, and I want to know what a throughput of 50 reads/writes/second compares to. Is that a high number? What is a good throughput number for a message sending app with say 50,000 daily users? I'm just providing specific numbers so I can understand what these throughput numbers represent. 100 transactions/second to me seems like a small number since I'm not familiar with this stuff, so I'm just looking to bring everything in context. What would 100 read/write/second be useful for? Are there any average example values available? And I'm not sure what each service is good for. For a message sending app, is there any reason I'd want to choose say Amazon DynamoDB over Google App Engine? Any insight would be greatly appreciated.

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• ms excel 2010 in windows xp - when open workbook the data is formatted differently than when i saved it

  - by Justin

  I haven't been able to find an answer to this. I have multiple files that I use regularly in excel that now have cell formats of "date". Every single cell in the entire workbook (all sheets) is now formatted as "date". The problem is that I lost my formatting for percents, numbers years, etc and now everything is converted to date (xx/xx/xxxx). I am able to open previously saved versions of a file (prior to me having the problem) and the cells are formatted as I intend them to be (percents, numbers, general, as well as dates). Since this has happened on a couple different files recently, I am wondering how this is happening and how do I prevent it from happening in the future. I cannot cure the problem just by highlighting the entire sheet and converting back to general because I lose all my percents and number formatting. Example (Correct formatting): Month Year Working Days MTD POS Curr Rem May 2012 22 0 1,553,549 June 2012 22 0 1,516,903 June 2011 22 0 1,555,512 June 2010 22 0 1,584,704 Example (Incorrect formatting): Month Year Working Days MTD POS Curr Rem June Tuesday, July 04, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Wednesday, January 18, 1900 213,320 July Tuesday, July 04, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Monday, January 16, 1900 314,261 July Monday, July 03, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Sunday, January 15, 1900 447,759 July Sunday, July 02, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Monday, January 16, 1900 321,952 Sorry for the mess. Any suggestions?

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• How to setup bindings for development IIS 7.5 with lot of sites

  - by Antonio Bakula

  I am a programmer in a small ASP.NET shop with very little expirience in server administration, and I have to setup IIS 7.5 to host lot of sites on newly installed windows server 2008 R2, these sites are test "clones" for sites on "real" web server and they should be accessible only in local network (domain). Developers should add new sites for our new customers. Project managers use this server to check progress and test new sites and new features, QA people have to have access to this site and test before we copy it to the "real" web server. Developers only have access to IIS console, in fact they can use RDP to test server with their developer domain credentials and permissions, also developers are local admins on that machine (tester). On our previous server I used different port numbers for each site. That worked but don't like this solution, I would prefer to use subdomains. But here are the problems: manually adding DNS records is not an option because we do not wont that developers have to administer domain DNS server, and currently this had to be done with domain administrator credentials. Is there a some way to add DNS record automatically ? I tried to add DNS record for subdomains on test server with wildcard (*.tester) and that seems to work for some time but that change coused some bad problems in our domain network and admin forbid me to mess with DNS, he said that I have to add DNS record for every subdomain manually and that I can not use wildcards, and there is nothing that I can do about it, mainly for "politicall" reasons :( obviously our admin is pretty much uncooperative, outsorced from different organization and I can't do anything about that. can I add another DNS server on that machine ? What must be setup on clients machines to "tell" them to use domain DNS server and tester domain server ? So please I need someone to give me some advice, what should I do ? Is different port numbers only option left ? Thanks !

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• Updating files with a Perforce trigger before submit [migrated]

  - by phantom-99w

  I understand that this question has, in essence, already been asked, but that question did not have an unequivocal answer, so please bear with me. Background: In my company, we use Perforce submission numbers as part of our versioning. Regardless of whether this is a correct method or not, that is how things are. Currently, many developers do separate submissions for code and documentation: first the code and then the documentation to update the client-facing docs with what the new version numbers should be. I would like to streamline this process. My thoughts are as follows: create a Perforce trigger (which runs on the server side) which scans the submitted documentation files (such as .txt) for a unique term (such as #####PERFORCE##CHANGELIST##NUMBER###ROFL###LOL###WHATEVER#####) and then replaces it with the value of what the change list would be when submitted. I already know how to determine this value. What I cannot figure out, is how or where to update the files. I have already determined that using the change-content trigger (whether possible or not), which "fire[s] after changelist creation and file transfer, but prior to committing the submit to the database", is the way to go. At this point the files need to exist somewhere on the server. How do I determine the (temporary?) location of these files from within, say, a Python script so that I can update or sed to replace the placeholder value with the intended value? The online documentation for Perforce which I have found so far have not been very explicit on whether this is possible or how the mechanics of a submission at this stage would work.

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