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• Slow NFS transfer performance of small files

  - by Arie K

  I'm using Openfiler 2.3 on an HP ML370 G5, Smart Array P400, SAS disks combined using RAID 1+0. I set up an NFS share from ext3 partition using Openfiler's web based configuration, and I succeeded to mount the share from another host. Both host are connected using dedicated gigabit link. Simple benchmark using dd: $ dd if=/dev/zero of=outfile bs=1000 count=2000000 2000000+0 records in 2000000+0 records out 2000000000 bytes (2.0 GB) copied, 34.4737 s, 58.0 MB/s I see it can achieve moderate transfer speed (58.0 MB/s). But if I copy a directory containing many small files (.php and .jpg, around 1-4 kB per file) of total size ~300 MB, the cp process ends in about 10 minutes. Is NFS not suitable for small file transfer like above case? Or is there some parameters that must be adjusted?

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• MySQL installation question.

  - by srtriage

  I am far from a DBA and have a question. Recently I installed MySQL. On my machine C:\ is a 50GB partition of two mirrored 10k SAS drives. The remaining space on those drives is allocated to D:. I also have a SSD mounted as E:. When I installed MySQL, I installed it to E:\ assuming that that is where the database information would be held since I had installed it there. I am now seeing C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\data\peq, peq being the name of my main database. Is my database being stored in C:\ and if so, how do I fix it to store the DB on the SSD?

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• Installing Windows XP sp3 into USB 2.0 WD 320Gb Hard Drive

  - by NetKabuki

  I have a HP laptop with support for 3 USB 2.0 ports. I also have a clean 320Gb WD USB 2.0 drive. The HP can boot from USB (Bios options). I used the install disk (XP SP3 bootable) and after a few stutters, was actually able to load up a partition on the 320Gb drive with Windows. I cannot consistently get the system to boot up off the USB drive. I am able to drop Ubuntu on that same WD drive and boot up. I can even get Grub2 on Ubuntu to recognize the Win OS. But booting the Win OS is an impossible task. What can I do differently - if anything?

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• RAID FS detection at boot time

  - by alex

  An excerpt from dmesg: md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. md: Scanned 2 and added 2 devices. md: autorun ... md: considering sdb1 ... md: adding sdb1 ... md: adding sda1 ... md: created md1 md: bind<sda1> md: bind<sdb1> md: running: <sdb1><sda1> raid1: raid set md1 active with 2 out of 2 mirrors md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 1500299198464 md: ... autorun DONE. md1: unknown partition table EXT3-fs (md1): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) EXT2-fs (md1): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) EXT4-fs (md1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode Is it OK that kernel tries to mount an ext4 raid as ext3, ext2 first? Is there a way to tell it to skip those two steps? Just in case: /dev/md1 / ext4 noatime 0 1 TIA.

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• Adding Windows 7 to grub4dos menu.lst

  - by antonio

  I am trying to create a multiboot USB drive with grub4dos. I started with a working bootable WinPE-like USB drive, based on Windows 7. I modified the drive MBR with grubinst.exe (hd1), copied in its root grldr and the menu menu.lst file: color blue/green yellow/red white/magenta white/magenta timeout 30 default 0 title Win 7 test rootnoverify (hd0, 0) chainloader /bootmgr I get the error: Try (hd0, 0). This partition is ntfs but with unknown boot record Try (hd0, 1) ... ... Cannot find GRLDR. If I hit a key, anyway it boots Windows 7. I would like to drop to the GRUB command shell, but when I hit "c" Grub boots into Windows.

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• Recover Windows 7 from Linux Ubuntu?

  - by macha

  I have two partitions and have Linux Ubuntu running on one partition and Windows 7 running on the other. Now when I try to boot from Windows 7, I get an error saying the /system32/winload.exe file is corrupted or deleted. Now I have Windows 7 files on my system but do not have the DVD, I have made USB bootable with Windows 7, but when I boot it with the USB stick, a blue screen is coming on with weird errors messages. Now I am trying to restore my Windows instance to a restore point where it can work normally. How can I do that in my situation?

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• Recursive reset file permissions on Windows

  - by Peter Horvath

  There is a big, complex directory structure on a relative big NTFS partition. Somebody managed to put very bad security privileges onto it - there are directories with randomly given/denied permissions, etc. I already run into permission bugs multiple times, and I found insecure permission settings multiple times (for example, write permissions for "Everyone", or false owners). I don't have time to check everything by hand (it is big). But luckily, my wishes are very simple. The most common: read/write/execute on anything for me, and maybe read for Everyone. Is it possible to somehow remove all security data from a directory and giving my (simple) wishes to overwrite everything there? On Unix, I used a chown -R ..., chmod -R ... command sequence. What is its equivalent on Windows?

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• How to (hardware) RAID 10 on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS with 4 drives and motherboard with RAID contoller

  - by lollercoaster

  I have 4 500GB hard drives. I set up a RAID 10 in BIOS, much like shown here: http://www.supermicro.com/manuals/other/RAID_SATA_ESB2.pdf Then I followed these instructions: http://www.unrest.ca/Knowledge-Base/configuring-mdadm-raid10-for-ubuntu-910 Basically I cannot get it to work. I go through the instructions when I get to the "partition" section of the install, creating 4 RAID 1's (2 partitions on each drive, one for primary and one for swap space), then combining to make a RAID 10. Unfortunately it still shows 2 partitions, one 500 GB and another being 36GB for some reason. Any ideas? I think best would be if anyone had found good instructions (step by step) for how to do this...I've been googling for hours and haven't found anything...

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• Strategy for using snapshots to back up Ubuntu Linux server?

  - by MountainX

  I need some backup advice for my home file server. Here are the mount points, volume groups, logical volumes and used/total space of all the volumes on my Ubuntu 8.10 home file server. / vgA/lvRoot [7.5G/50G] /tmp vgB/lvTmp [195M/30G] /var vgB/lvVar [780M/30G] swap vgB/lvSwap [16.00 GB] /media1 vgC/lvMedia1 [400G/975G] /media2 vgC/lvMedia2 [75G/295G] /boot partition (no volume group) [95M/200M] /video partition (no volume group) [450G/950G] /backups vgD/lvBackupTarget [800G/925G] /home vgE/lvHome [85G/200G] I have just added a 2.0 TB external USB drive that I would like to use to backup everything. (It will be a close fit to get it all on one 2.0 TB drive. I actually have a 2nd external USB drive if needed.) I'd like to backup "/", var, /media1, media2 and /home. I'll deal with /boot and /video separately since they are not logical volumes. For all the logical volumes I'm anticipating taking snapshots and then copying those snapshots to the 2.0 TB external USB drive. I have never done a task like that before. If I do that, I could use the tutorial I found here: http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm_snapshots My questions are: What is the best overall strategy? Is it LVM snapshots, as I'm assuming? How should I prepare, subdivide and mount the 2.0 TB external USB drive? 2.a. Should I create one or more regular partitions or should I create a physical volume with one or more logical volumes? 2.b. Would it be advisable to extactly mirror the source pv/lv layout on the external drive, and if so, is this a good strategy? What's the best way to get the snapshots onto the external drive? dd? Even though this is a strategy question, feedback with actual commands is appreciated. I need step-by-step cookbook-style help because I don't do much server admin work. (Background: This is a home file server that I have rarely had to touch in about 2 years. It has done its job without much intervention. The really old PC that I used to back everything up recently failed, so I'm replacing that with the external USB drive(s) and I'd like to upgrade my backup strategy at the same time. Previously, I just copied stuff from /backups over to the other computer and that would not have made things very easy in a real restore situation. The /backups mount point contains backup copies of "most" of the important data on a file by file basis, but it does not contain copies of /boot, etc. BTW, the actual internal HDD that holds /backups is separate from the other storage devices.) EDIT: I'll propose a strategy... The idea came from a comment here: LVM mirroring VS RAID1 "LVM mirrors are for replication of a logical volume to a different physical volume. It's essentially meant to "move the data to a different disk". The mirror is then broken..." That would fit my requirements well. Here is an ideal situation: establish the LV mirror on the external drive break the link with the mirror create a (persistent) snapshot on the mirror after a week, resync the mirror with the original source and update the mirror break the link and create another snapshot on the mirror. Obviously, the mirror will be like a weekly full backup. And the snapshots on the mirror will represent earlier points in time. If this would work and if it would be time efficient, it would give a nice full & differential type backup on the external drive based on LVM. I have not heard of a strategy like this before. Will it work? Could it be scripted? Thoughts? EDIT 2: Creating Portable DiskSafes With LoopbackFS And LVM Snapshots This article seems intriguing: http://www.howtoforge.com/creating-portable-disksafes-with-loopbackfs-and-lvm-snapshots Unfortunately, I don't understand exactly how to map those ideas to the strategy I'm proposing above. I'm going to ask this last bit as a separate question. I will leave my original question in place because I still desire feedback on the overall best strategy. At this moment I'm assuming it is LVM mirroring in the style of "Creating Portable DiskSafes with LVM Snapshots" but that might be wrong.

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• page allocation failure - am I running out of memory?

  - by mfriedman

  Lately I've noticing entries like this one in the kern.log of one of my servers: Feb 16 00:24:05 aramis kernel: swapper: page allocation failure. order:0, mode:0x20 This is what I'd like to know: What exactly does that message mean? Is my server running out of memory? The swap usage is quite low (less than 10%), and so far I haven't noticed any processes being killed because of lack of memory. Additional information: The server is a Xen instance (DomU) running Debian 6.0 It has 512 MB of RAM and a 512 MB swap partition CPU load inside the virtual machine shows an average of 0.25

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• Why Both 8GB USB Flash Drives Have Different Integrities?

  - by Boris_yo

  USB 3.0 SuperTalent Express DUO 8GB recently had its partition corrupted and declared itself "write-protected" and I was told in chat by @sidran32 that this usually means that flash drive gone bad due to writing cycles limit being reached. Having this thumbdrive for over a year being used infrequently, I was in doubt and referred to SuperTalent's support. I was given recovery tool which I executed but it failed first time prompting me to reinsert it. After that, I formatted it with Windows 7 integrated format utility since recovery tool offered to do this as well which was successful. The problem as I have noticed is with integrity of SuperTalent: Compare above to SanDisk's Micro Cruzer 8GB: Am I missing something? Both thumbdrives are of 8GB and have same FAT32 file system.

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• Failover tmpfs mirroring. Am I doing it right?

  - by user45286

  My goal is to have a certain directory to be available as tmpfs. There will be some modifications during server uptime in this dir and those modifications must be synced to non-tmpfs persistent dir on HDD over rsync. After server boot the latest version from non-tmpfs persistent dir must be moved to tmpfs and rsync syncing to be started. I'm afraid that rsync will erase non-tmpfs backup if tmpfs dir will be empty.. I'm doing it in this way right now: create tmpfs partition in /etc/fstab cat /etc/rc.local (pseudocode) delete "tmpfs rsync" cronjob from /var/spool/cron/crontabs if there is any cp -r /path/to/non-tmpfs-backup /path/to/tmpfs/dir append /var/spool/cron/crontabs with "tmpfs rsync" cronjob What do you think?

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• Create NTFS symbolic links from within Linux

  - by rymo

  Is there a Linux utility that can create NTFS symbolic links? That is, a link on an NTFS partition that points to another NTFS folder - one that will work within Windows 7, specifically. I wish to relocate a folder that is normally in-use while Windows is running. This machine can already dual-boot into Ubuntu, so I'd like to leverage that. EDIT: To keep this from potentially turning into "which Windows Live CD is best", I will limit this question to "Is it possible with Linux, yes or no?"

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• Finder Sidebar Icons - How do I duplicate?

  - by Wilco

  I've noticed that some system directories, when dragged to the Finder's sidebar, utilize special small-scale icons not visible in any other place. Even when looking at one of these folders in a Finder window using the smallest possible icon size, these "special" icons don't appear (so it's not just the small version of the folder's icon). So my question is, where is this information stored? If I wanted to duplicate this behavior for an arbitrary folder, where would I need to look? I like to replace my home directory with a symlink to a location on another partition, but when I do this, I lose this sidebar icon behavior. I would love to get this back if I can.

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• Windows Vista wont recognize SSD drive

  - by Spiros

  I just bought an SSD drive for my Vista (32bit) box (120GB OCZ Agility 3). Unfortunately windows vista won't display it in the my computer window, and generally wont let me work on it. However, the bios recognizes the SSD drive correctly, and when I go on the windows device manager the drive is there as well. I can see the device properties. On the volumes, when I click on populate, I have: Disk: Disk1 Type: Uknown Status: not initialized Partition style: not avaiable Unallocated space: 0MB Reserved space: 0MB Any ideas what could be wrong? Thanks

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• software RAID array not starting in initramfs on Debian

  - by Jasper

  One of my Debian servers (kernel 2.6.30-AMD64) refuses to start the software RAID array that houses the root partition in initramfs. It dumps me with a busybox console. When I follow the necessary steps to continue booting it works fine (start the array with mdadm -A and then have LVM scan the volumes with pvscan and then vgchange -ay). I've tried starting with boot options rootdelay=10 to no avail. Also I've updated the initramfs and unpacked it to inspect whether it really tries to assemble the raid array (it does). Output before dumping to console : mount: mounting none on /dev failed: No such device W: devtmpfs not available, falling back to tpmfs for /dev and then some lvm messages saying it can't find the volumes holding the root partitions. Does anybody have a clue how I could fix this?

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• How much real memory does an iPad have?

  - by Tony Lambert

  The iPad comes with Gigabytes of flash memory - used as a large disk, but how much actual real memory does it have. The iPhone 3gs has 256 MB. Presumably the iPad has more?

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• Cannot boot into Lucid Lynx

  - by xenon

  I upgraded from Karmic Koala to Lucid Lynx beta, was working fine for a while (was even rebooting). But, after some time, it is not booting and i cant find a solution. I have tried installing the grub again, doesn't help. Well, the problem is all my settings, bookmarks and passwords are blocked in that partition. I cant find where the Chrome stores bookmarks in Ubuntu. Can you help me either getting my system rebooted or getting the bookmarks ? Thanks. p.s. I am currently on liveusb.

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• Get HDD (and NOT Volume) Serial Number on Vista Ultimate 64 bit

  - by TheAgent

  Hi all. I was once looking for getting the HDD serial number without using WMI, and I found it. The code I found and posted on StackOverFlow.com works very well on 32 bit Windows, both XP and Vista. The trouble only begins when I try to get the serail number on 64 bit OSs (Vista Ultimate 64, specifically). The code returns String.Empty, or a Space all the time. Anyone got an idea how to fix this? EDIT: I used the tools Dave Cluderay suggested, with interesting results: Here is the output from DiskId32, on Windows XP SP2 32-bit: To get all details use "diskid32 /d" Trying to read the drive IDs using physical access with admin rights Drive 0 - Primary Controller - - Master drive Drive Model Number________________: [MAXTOR STM3160215AS] Drive Serial Number_______________: [ 6RA26XK3] Drive Controller Revision Number__: [3.AAD] Controller Buffer Size on Drive___: 2097152 bytes Drive Type________________________: Fixed Drive Size________________________: 160041885696 bytes Trying to read the drive IDs using the SCSI back door Drive 4 - Tertiary Controller - - Master drive Drive Model Number________________: [MAXTOR STM3160215AS] Drive Serial Number_______________: [ 6RA26XK3] Drive Controller Revision Number__: [3.AAD] Controller Buffer Size on Drive___: 2097152 bytes Drive Type________________________: Fixed Drive Size________________________: 160041885696 bytes Trying to read the drive IDs using physical access with zero rights **** STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR for drive 0 **** Vendor Id = [] Product Id = [MAXTOR STM3160215AS] Product Revision = [3.AAD] Serial Number = [] **** DISK_GEOMETRY_EX for drive 0 **** Disk is fixed DiskSize = 160041885696 Trying to read the drive IDs using Smart Drive 0 - Primary Controller - - Master drive Drive Model Number________________: [MAXTOR STM3160215AS] Drive Serial Number_______________: [ 6RA26XK3] Drive Controller Revision Number__: [3.AAD] Controller Buffer Size on Drive___: 2097152 bytes Drive Type________________________: Fixed Drive Size________________________: 160041885696 bytes Hard Drive Serial Number__________: 6RA26XK3 Hard Drive Model Number___________: MAXTOR STM3160215AS And DiskId32 run on Windows Vista Ultimate 64-bit: To get all details use "diskid32 /d" Trying to read the drive IDs using physical access with admin rights Trying to read the drive IDs using the SCSI back door Trying to read the drive IDs using physical access with zero rights **** STORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR for drive 0 **** Vendor Id = [MAXTOR S] Product Id = [TM3160215AS] Product Revision = [3.AA] Serial Number = [] **** DISK_GEOMETRY_EX for drive 0 **** Disk is fixed DiskSize = 160041885696 Trying to read the drive IDs using Smart Hard Drive Serial Number__________: Hard Drive Model Number___________: Notice how much lesser the information is on Vista, and how the Serial Number is not returned. Also the other tool, EnumDisk, refers to my hard disks on Vista as "SCSI" as opposed to "ATA" on Windows XP. Any ideas? EDIT 2: I'm posting the results from EnumDisks: On Windows XP SP2 32-bit: Properties for Device 1 Device ID: IDE\DiskMAXTOR_STM3160215AS_____________________3.AAD___ Adapter Properties ------------------ Bus Type : ATA Max. Tr. Length: 0x20000 Max. Phy. Pages: 0xffffffff Alignment Mask : 0x1 Device Properties ----------------- Device Type : Direct Access Device (0x0) Removable Media : No Product ID : MAXTOR STM3160215AS Product Revision: 3.AAD Inquiry Data from Pass Through ------------------------------ Device Type: Direct Access Device (0x0) Vendor ID : MAXTOR S Product ID : TM3160215AS Product Rev: 3.AA Vendor Str : *** End of Device List

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• Unable to copy files previously extracted from archives created on a Mac, even after claiming ownership

  - by Maxim Zaslavsky

  I reinstalled Windows on my computer today, and backed up my music to a USB drive. Now, I'm trying to copy the files onto my fresh Windows partition, but I'm unable to copy files that I obtained within my previous Windows installation from zip archives created on Macs. When I try to copy those previously-extracted files, I get an error saying that I need permission from S-1-5-21-...-1000 (a bizarre long ID). The first thing I tried was to take ownership of the files by setting my new user account as the owner, but that resulted in errors saying that I need permission from myself! Some Googling suggested adding antivirus suggestions, so I excluded the relevant folders from Microsoft Security Essentials, but the issue persists. For what it's worth, it seems that some program (so far I've only installed Chrome, Microsoft Security Essentials, and the latest Windows updates) created an empty folder named 601c8c7f0e0c03f725 at the root of my external USB hard drive. What gives?

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• USB-drive serial number under linux C++

  - by uni

  Is there any way to determine s/n of usb-drive in linux using C++ ? If not C++ is there any other way different from 'hwinfo -disk' and 'hdparm -i' ?

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• ASP.NET Schedule deletion of temporary files

  - by Quandary

  Question: I have an ASP.NET application which creates temporary PDF files (for the user to download). Now, many users over many days can create many PDFs, which take much disk space. What's the best way to schedule deletion of files older than 1 day/ 8 hours ? Preferably in the asp.net application itselfs...

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• Windows 7 Keeps Changing the MBR on boot

  - by steven

  I am having an issue with Windows 7 changing the boot order everytime I start up. I have 4 partitions: boot linux windows. Grub is installed on the boot, and boots up both operating systems fine, however when I boot to Windows the bootable partition is changed to Windows and the MBR is rewritten. How do I stop this? Its rather annoying to have to boot, chroot and fix this problem everytime. I also don't want to use the Windows boot select.

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• Hide non VHD partitions

  - by James

  Hey! I have two partition on my HDD: C and D. On D: I have a vhd image (with windows 7 ultimate) that I use to boot from. When I'm running the OS from VHD I can still access my physical parititons. Is it possible to dismount them, in order to see just the virtual disks in the VHD OS? I tried with the physical C and it says that I cannot dismount a boot paritition and I think D cannot be dismounted because the VHD is on it.

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• SQLCMD Restore works in Management Studio but not from DOS prompt

  - by Gautam

  Any idea why my Restore command works fine when run in Management Studio 2008 but not when run from the dos prompt? Shown below is the error when running from the dos prompt. C:\>SQLCMD -s local\SQL2008 -d master -Q "RESTORE DATABASE [Sample.Db] FROM DISK = N'C:\Sample.Db.bak' WITH FILE = 1, MOVE N'Sample.Db' TO N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.SQL2008\MSSQL\DATA\Sample.Db.mdf', MOVE N'Sample.Db_log' TO N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.SQL2008\MSSQL\DATA\Sample.Db_log.ldf', NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 10" Msg 3634, Level 16, State 1, Server GAUTAM, Line 1 The operating system returned the error '32(The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process.)' while attempting 'RestoreContainer::ValidateTargetForCreation' on 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.SQL2008\MSSQL\DATA\Sample.Db.mdf'. Msg 3156, Level 16, State 8, Server GAUTAM, Line 1 File 'Sample.Db' cannot be restored to 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.SQL2008\MSSQL\DATA\Sample.Db.mdf'. Use WITH MOVE to identify a valid location for the file. Msg 3634, Level 16, State 1, Server GAUTAM, Line 1 The operating system returned the error '32(The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process.)' while attempting 'RestoreContainer::ValidateTargetForCreation' on 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.SQL2008\MSSQL\DATA\Sample.Db_log.ldf'. Msg 3156, Level 16, State 8, Server GAUTAM, Line 1 File 'Sample.Db_log' cannot be restored to 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.SQL2008\MSSQL\DATA\Sample.Db_log.ldf'. Use WITH MOVE to identify a valid location for the file. Msg 3119, Level 16, State 1, Server GAUTAM, Line 1 Problems were identified while planning for the RESTORE statement. Previous messages provide details. Msg 3013, Level 16, State 1, Server GAUTAM, Line 1 RESTORE DATABASE is terminating abnormally. However if I execute this directly in Management Studio 2008, it works fine: RESTORE DATABASE [Sample.Db] FROM DISK = N'C:\Sample.Db.bak' WITH FILE = 1, MOVE N'Sample.Db' TO N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.SQL2008\MSSQL\DATA\Sample.Db.mdf', MOVE N'Sample.Db_log' TO N'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.SQL2008\MSSQL\DATA\Sample.Db_log.ldf', NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 10 There is no lock or security issues, the data base doesn't exist on the server. I can't figure it out. Any ideas?

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