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• Is it normal that conversationId keeps increasing after each page request?

  - by Casper

  Hi I'm building a Seam application and have a question: I got a stateless session bean (default seam scope) with a delete and a select method. A page which contains a datamodel loads and got links to select and delete each row (both links refer to the actionmethods in the bean). The delete method deletes the selected row from the list and returns null (reloads page). The select method loads a new page where the selected row can be edited. Each time a link in the datamodel is clicked and an action gets fired, the conversationId gets increased. Is this normal behaviour since im not even in a conversation? If it ain't normal behaviour, what's best practice to prevent this from happening?

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• Question about spring transaction propagation

  - by Yousui

  Hi guys, I have a question about spring transaction propagation. If I use @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED) to annotate a method m1. When execution logic enter m1, if there is already a transaction, m1 will use that one. When after m1, what about the transaction? It ends or still open?(if I call m1 in another method, and after the invocation there is still other things to do). In summary, I want to know when exiting an annotated method, the transaction ends or still open? Great thanks.

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• Python IDLE: How to type correct indentation?

  - by user2988464

  Mac: Maverick Python: 3.4 I tried to testtimeit module in Python's IDLE import timeit >>> timeit.timeit( "obj.method", """ class SomeClass: def method(self): pass obj = SomeClass() """) When I tried to type def method(self): on the next line of class SomeClass, I hit Tab, it prompted a window showing the files inside my Document directory. So I hit Ctrl+Tab instead. But I still got the error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#26>", line 6, in <module> """) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/timeit.py", line 213, in timeit return Timer(stmt, setup, timer).timeit(number) File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/timeit.py", line 122, in __init__ code = compile(src, dummy_src_name, "exec") File "<timeit-src>", line 9 _t0 = _timer() ^ IndentationError: unindent does not match any outer indentation level Can someone explain: how to fix it, and how to avoid the prompt of My Document appear? Thx!!!

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• Disposing of Objects with long living dependencies

  - by Ray Booysen

  public class ABC { public ABC(IEventableInstance dependency) { dependency.ANewEvent += MyEventHandler; } private void MyEventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e) { //Do Stuff } } Let us say that an instance of ABC is a long living object and that my dependency is an even longer running object. When an instance of ABC needs to be cleaned up, I have two options. One I could have a Cleanup() method to unsubscribe from the ANewEvent event or I could implement IDisposable and in the Dispose unwire the event. Now I have no control over whether the consumer will call the dispose method or even the Cleanup method should I go that route. Should I implement a Finaliser and unsubscribe then? It feels dirty but I do not want hanging instances of ABC around. Thoughts?

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• JetBrains dotTrace, is it possible to profile source code line by line? else I need another tool

  - by m3ntat

  I am using JetBrains dotTrace, I've profiled my app which is entirely CPU bound. But the results as you walk down the tree don't sum to the level above in the tree, I only see method calls not the body lines of the node in questions method. Is it possible to profile the source code line by line. i.e for one node: SimulatePair() 99.04% --nextUniform() 30.12% --IDCF() 24.08% So the method calls nextUniform + IDCF use 54% of the time in SimulatePair (or 54% total execution time I'm not sure how to read this) regardless what is happening the other 46% of SimulatePair I need some detail on a line by line basis. Any help or alternative tools is much appreciated. Thanks

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• close fails on database connections (managed connection cleanup fails) in websphere 7 but not in web

  - by mete

  I have a simple method (used in a web application through servlets) that gets a connection from a JNDI name and issues a select statement (get connection, issue select, return result, close the connection etc. in finally). Due to other methods in the application the connection is set as autocommit=false. This method works normally in websphere 6.1 as well as in glassfish and weblogic. However, in websphere 7, it receives cleanup failed error when I close the connection because, it says, the connection is still in a transaction. Because I was not updating anything I did not commit or rollback the connection in this method (which can be wrong). If I add commit before closing the connection, it works. My question is why it works in websphere 6.1 (and other containers) and why not in websphere 7 ? What can be the cause of this difference ?

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• Cancel Leave Event when closing

  - by DiegoMaK

  I have got a textbox on a form with a method being called from the txPredio_Leave event. My problem is that is the user has focus on the textbox and then close the form by clicking the little X close icon in the top corner or by calling this.ActiveMdiChild.Close(); or by calling private void mnucerrarTodas_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { foreach (Form form in this.MdiChildren) { form.Close(); } } The txPredio leave execute the method.. then i need doesn't excute this method when the form is closing. i have think that one solution could be ask in leave event if form is closing private void txPredio_Leave(object sender, EventArgs e) { if(!form is closing)//pseudo code Check_Load_Predio(); } or other solution could be private void MainForm_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e) { //code for cancel the txPredio_Leave event } Solution Here Doesn´t work for me. Then I need one solution for my problem. Thanks in advance

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• UILabel reset after Autorotate

  - by MB

  Hi, I have a UILabel in a view that is set by calling a method against my view controller. The app is a TABBar app and the VC is in the MORE section. When I rotate the phone the label disappears (don't mind that) when I rotate back the label is showing all .......... (the value it is set to in the XIB) I added a line to set the label in the shouldAutoRotateToOrientation method lblProductTxt.titleLabel.text = self.productText; when autorotating what viewcontroller methods are being called. ?? the shouldAutoRotateToOrientation method doesn't get called when the VC is in the More section but when I move it it does get called but has no affect on the labeltext

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• Exception thrown while working with JTabbedPane

  - by Halo

  I'm using a JTabbedPane in my application and I listen to its changes with ChangeListener so that I can know which tab is currently selected. So my stateChanged method is; public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) { currentPageIndex = jTabbedPane.getSelectedIndex(); } But while I'm adding new tabs to the JTabbedPane it throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in the method above, I don't know why. Some suggested for a similar case that this is a bug http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4873983, but as you'll see some says the solution is to work with Swing from EventDispatchThread. What does it mean, do they mean the SwingUtilities.invokeLater thing? Can someone show me how I can modify my stateChanged method accordingly to avoid the exception?

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• Temp file that exists only in RAM?

  - by Auraomega

  I'm trying to write an encrpytion using the OTP method. In keeping with the security theories I need the plain text documents to be stored only in memory and never ever written to a physical drive. The tmpnam command appears to be what I need, but from what I can see it saves the file on the disk and not the RAM. Using C++ is there any (platform independent) method that allows a file to exist only in RAM? I would like to avoid using a RAM disk method if possible. Thanks Edit: Thanks, its more just a learning thing for me, I'm new to encryption and just working through different methods, I don't actually plan on using many of them (esspecially OTP due to doubling the original file size because of the "pad"). If I'm totally honest, I'm a Linux user so ditching Windows wouldn't be too bad, I'm looking into using RAM disks for now as FUSE seems a bit overkill for a "learning" thing.

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• Simple Custom rule for Jquery validator

  - by thatweblook

  Hi, I read your reply regarding the jQuery validator where you outline a method to check a username against a value in a database. Ive tried implementing this method but no matter what is returned from the PHP file I always get the message that the username is already taken. Here is ths custom method... $.validator.addMethod("uniqueUserName", function(value, element) { $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "php/get_save_status.php", data: "checkUsername="+value, dataType:"html", success: function(msg) { // if the user exists, it returns a string "true" if(msg == "true") return false; // already exists return true; // username is free to use } })}, "Username is Already Taken"); And here is the validate code... username: { required: true, uniqueUserName: true }, Is there a specific way i am supposed to return the message from php. Thanks A

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• What's the difference between IEquatable and just overriding Object.Equals() ?

  - by devoured elysium

  I want my Food class to be able to test whenever it is equal to another class. I will later use it against a List, and I want to use its List.Contains() method. Should I implement IEquatable or just override Object.Equals()? From MSDN: This method determines equality by using the default equality comparer, as defined by the object's implementation of the IEquatable.Equals method for T (the type of values in the list). So my next question is: which functions/classes of the .NET framework make use of Object.Equals()? Should I use it in the first place? Thanks

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• Why is the form action attribute empty on production server?

  - by Ozzy

  After deploying a ASP.NET WebForms application to a production server some of the ajax calls has stopped working for me. After some debugging I found out that the following statement (in the internal client-method WebForm_DoCallback) was causing the problem: xmlRequest.open("POST", action, true); The problem seemed to be that the action-variable was empty so after checking the rendered html I found out that the form-tag rendered on the production server looks like: <form method="post" action="" id="Form1"> However, on my developer machine I get the following: <form method="post" action="default.aspx" id="Form1"> So, why would the action-attibute render on my dev.machine but not on the production server? This seems to be the case only for one specific web form, when I look on other pages the action-attribute renders correctly. Any suggestions or ideas would be helpful!

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• How can I limit access to a particular class to one caller at a time in an ASMX web service?

  - by MusiGenesis

  I have a web service method in which I create a particular type of object, use it for a few seconds, and then dispose it. Because of problems arising from multiple threads creating and using instances of this class at the same time, I need to restrict the method so that only one caller at a time ever has one of these objects. To do this, I am creating a private static object: private static object _lock = new object(); ... and then inside the web service method I do this around the critical code: lock (_lock) { using (DangerousObject do = new DangerousObject()) { do.MakeABigMess(); do.CleanItUp(); } } I'm not sure this is working, though. Do I have this right? Will this code ensure that only one instance of DangerousObject is instantiated and in use at a time? Or does each caller get their own copy of _lock, rendering my code here laughable?

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• Facebook status.get API throws 500 HTTP status code

  - by Charles Prakash Dasari

  I have an APP that calls Facebook status.get method via the REST server - restserver.php using session key method. This app works fine for most of the users, but for one user I consistently receive HTTP 500 status code. Since this doesn't have any specific Facebook error message, it is almost impossible for me to debug this. Anyone faced a similar problem? What could be wrong with this user account? I checked the privacy options that I could think of and they look fine. Also, for the same user, I can use friends.get method without any problem. EDIT: I tried in Facebook forums as well, but it was of no use. Any pointers in the direction towards debugging/troubleshooting this problem are also appreciated.

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• forwarding a notification to another class

  - by Mike

  I am using this method - (void)keyboardWillShow:(NSNotification *)notification that is triggered when the keyboard shows. When this method is triggered, it receives a notification that contains several parameters about the keyboard, as the animation duration, animation curve and frame. I need to forward this notification and all its parameters to another class. So, I've tried to do this inside keyboardWillShow: [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"doSomething" object:notification userInfo:nil]; the doSomething notification runs doSomething method on another class, and it has this form: - (void) doSomething:(NSNotification *)notification { but when I try to read the notification values on this other class, using, for example, myRect = [[[notification userInfo] objectForKey:UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] CGRectValue]; I obtain zero for all values. The notification is losing its parameters and not being forwarded. How can I do that? thanks.

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• Abstract out repeated code

  - by CookieMonster

  The code in this event is repeated exactly in two other event handlers. How do I put the repeated code into a method and call that method from the event handlers so I only have to maintain it in one place? I'm not sure how to pass the event args to the calling method. protected void gvDocAssoc_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e) { if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow) { if ((Convert.ToString(DataBinder.Eval(e.Row.DataItem, "DETAIL_TYPE_DESC")) == "Transcript") && (Convert.ToString(DataBinder.Eval(e.Row.DataItem, "INSTITUTION_CODE")) == "")) { e.Row.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; } if ((Convert.ToString(DataBinder.Eval(e.Row.DataItem, "DETAIL_TYPE_DESC")) == "Certified Diploma") && (Convert.ToString(DataBinder.Eval(e.Row.DataItem, "INSTITUTION_CODE")) == "")) { e.Row.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; } if ((Convert.ToString(DataBinder.Eval(e.Row.DataItem, "DOC_TYPE_DESC")) == "Post Graduate conditions") && (Convert.ToString(DataBinder.Eval(e.Row.DataItem, "INSTITUTION_CODE")) == "")) { e.Row.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; } } }

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• Passwordless ssh failed when login using username

  - by Aczire

  I was trying to setup Hadoop and was stumbled on passwordless ssh to localhost. I am getting a password prompt when trying to connect using ssh username@hostname format. But there is no problem connecting to the machine like ssh localhost or ssh hostname.com. Tried ssh-copy-id user@hostname but it did not work. Using CentOS 6.3 as normal user, I neither have root access or am a sudoer so editing any files like sshd_config is not possible (not even cat the sshd_config file contents). I hope the user login is possible since I can do login without password to localhost, right? Please advise, Here is the ssh debug output. [[email protected] ~]$ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.0-fips 29 Mar 2010 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to hostname.com [::1] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'hostname.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex debug1: No valid Key exchange context debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_500' not found debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_500' not found debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-dss blen 434 Agent admitted failure to sign using the key. debug1: Trying private key: /home/user/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password:

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• Apache 2: I have multiple domain names I want to point to one Virtual Host. Do I use ServerAlias?

  - by Chris Altman

  I have multiple domain names, for example: www.foo.com www.goo.com www.moo.com www.coo.com I want all of these domain names to resolve to one website AND to redirect to www.foo.com What is the best method to achieve this? Multiple entries? Use ServerAlias? Something else? If the best method is ServerAlias, what is the syntax? ServerAlias www.goo.com, www.moo.com, www.coo.com

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• How to use AIR 2.0 NativeProcess API with Java?

  - by dede

  How do you use this great new API in connection with Java? Do you use just pure native process API like nativeProcess.standardInput.write() and nativeProcess.standardOutput.read() with which you cannot debug Java side neither invoke remote java method. Or you are using some library that leverages remote method invocation such as flerry lib but that also cannot debug Java side? Or maybe you are using Merapi with which you can debug but cannot remotely invoke Java method? I'm asking this because this is maybe the most important question regarding this API and its ease of use.

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• I don't understand how work call_once

  - by SABROG

  Please help me understand how work call_once Here is thread-safe code. I don't understand why this need Thread Local Storage and global_epoch variables. Variable _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch can be changed to constant/enum like {FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT, BEING_INITIALIZED, FINISH_INITIALIZED}. Why needed count calls in global_epoch? I think this code can be rewriting with logc: if flag FINISH_INITIALIZED do nothing, else go to block with mutexes and this all. #ifndef FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_H #define FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_H #include #include typedef sig_atomic_t fast_pthread_once_t; #define FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT SIG_ATOMIC_MAX extern __thread fast_pthread_once_t _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch; #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif extern void fast_pthread_once( pthread_once_t *once, void (*func)(void) ); inline static void fast_pthread_once_inline( fast_pthread_once_t *once, void (*func)(void) ) { fast_pthread_once_t x = *once; /* unprotected access */ if ( x _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch ) { fast_pthread_once( once, func ); } } #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_H Source fast_pthread_once.c The source is written in C. The lines of the primary function are numbered for reference in the subsequent correctness argument. #include "fast_pthread_once.h" #include static pthread_mutex_t mu = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; /* protects global_epoch and all fast_pthread_once_t writes */ static pthread_cond_t cv = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; /* signalled whenever a fast_pthread_once_t is finalized */ #define BEING_INITIALIZED (FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT - 1) static fast_pthread_once_t global_epoch = 0; /* under mu */ __thread fast_pthread_once_t _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch; static void check( int x ) { if ( x == 0 ) abort(); } void fast_pthread_once( fast_pthread_once_t *once, void (*func)(void) ) { /*01*/ fast_pthread_once_t x = *once; /* unprotected access */ /*02*/ if ( x _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch ) { /*03*/ check( pthread_mutex_lock(µ) == 0 ); /*04*/ if ( *once == FAST_PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT ) { /*05*/ *once = BEING_INITIALIZED; /*06*/ check( pthread_mutex_unlock(µ) == 0 ); /*07*/ (*func)(); /*08*/ check( pthread_mutex_lock(µ) == 0 ); /*09*/ global_epoch++; /*10*/ *once = global_epoch; /*11*/ check( pthread_cond_broadcast(&cv;) == 0 ); /*12*/ } else { /*13*/ while ( *once == BEING_INITIALIZED ) { /*14*/ check( pthread_cond_wait(&cv;, µ) == 0 ); /*15*/ } /*16*/ } /*17*/ _fast_pthread_once_per_thread_epoch = global_epoch; /*18*/ check (pthread_mutex_unlock(µ) == 0); } } This code from BOOST: #ifndef BOOST_THREAD_PTHREAD_ONCE_HPP #define BOOST_THREAD_PTHREAD_ONCE_HPP // once.hpp // // (C) Copyright 2007-8 Anthony Williams // // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See // accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) #include #include #include #include "pthread_mutex_scoped_lock.hpp" #include #include #include namespace boost { struct once_flag { boost::uintmax_t epoch; }; namespace detail { BOOST_THREAD_DECL boost::uintmax_t& get_once_per_thread_epoch(); BOOST_THREAD_DECL extern boost::uintmax_t once_global_epoch; BOOST_THREAD_DECL extern pthread_mutex_t once_epoch_mutex; BOOST_THREAD_DECL extern pthread_cond_t once_epoch_cv; } #define BOOST_ONCE_INITIAL_FLAG_VALUE 0 #define BOOST_ONCE_INIT {BOOST_ONCE_INITIAL_FLAG_VALUE} // Based on Mike Burrows fast_pthread_once algorithm as described in // http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2444.html template void call_once(once_flag& flag,Function f) { static boost::uintmax_t const uninitialized_flag=BOOST_ONCE_INITIAL_FLAG_VALUE; static boost::uintmax_t const being_initialized=uninitialized_flag+1; boost::uintmax_t const epoch=flag.epoch; boost::uintmax_t& this_thread_epoch=detail::get_once_per_thread_epoch(); if(epoch #endif I right understand, boost don't use atomic operation, so code from boost not thread-safe?

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• How do I get around Inconsistant accessibilty error in C # ?

  - by xarzu

  How do I get around Inconsistant accessibilty error in C # ? I need to pass a pointer to a node in a linked list to a method. When I do, I get a "Compiler Error CS0051" Example The following sample generates CS0051: Copy Code // CS0051.cs public class A { // Try making B public since F is public // B is implicitly private here class B { } public static void F(B b) // CS0051 { } public static void Main() { } } That is a simple example. The actual program is a bit more complicated. I am actually using a node in a linked list to pass to the method LinkedListNode node The method uses recursion because the node is mart of a huge linked list structure of linked lists that outputs an xml file. Either I have to find a way to use recursion without using methods or I need to find a way to pass pointers nodes or actual nodes.

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• Weird generics compile error.

  - by Jouke van der Maas

  I have two classes, a base class and a child class. In the base class i define a generic virtual method: protected virtual Bar Foo<T() where T : Bar {} Then in my child class i try to do this: protected override BarChild Foo() // BarChild inherits Bar { return base.Bar<T as BarChild() } Visual studio gives this weird error: The type 'T' cannot be used as type parameter 'T' in the generic type or method 'Foo()'. There is no boxing conversion or type parameter conversion from 'T' to 'Bar'. Repeating the where clause on the child's override also gives an error: Constraints for override and explicit interface implementation methods are inherited from the base method, so they cannot be specified directly So what am i doing wrong here?

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• iphone - passing an object on an UIToolbarButton action

  - by Mike

  Is that possible to make a UIToolbarButton pass an object to its target by using some exoteric method (as it seems not to be possible using regular button use)? I mean something like UIBarButtonItem *Button = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithImage:buttonImage style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(doSomething:) **withObject:usingThis**]; I know I can trigger a method that will launch the full method with the object, but for the sake of elegance I was trying to minimize the code... I suspect it is not possible, but as you guys out there are insanely good you may come with an transcendental answer... who knows...

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• How to have struct members accessible in different ways

  - by Paul J. Lucas

  I want to have a structure token that has start/end pairs for position, sentence, and paragraph information. I also want the members to be accessible in two different ways: as a start/end pair and individually. Given: struct token { struct start_end { int start; int end; }; start_end pos; start_end sent; start_end para; typedef start_end token::*start_end_ptr; }; I can write a function, say distance(), that computes the distance between any of the three start/end pairs like: int distance( token const &i, token const &j, token::start_end_ptr mbr ) { return (j.*mbr).start - (i.*mbr).end; } and call it like: token i, j; int d = distance( i, j, &token::pos ); that will return the distance of the pos pair. But I can also pass &token::sent or &token::para and it does what I want. Hence, the function is flexible. However, now I also want to write a function, say max(), that computes the maximum value of all the pos.start or all the pos.end or all the sent.start, etc. If I add: typedef int token::start_end::*int_ptr; I can write the function like: int max( list<token> const &l, token::int_ptr p ) { int m = numeric_limits<int>::min(); for ( list<token>::const_iterator i = l.begin(); i != l.end(); ++i ) { int n = (*i).pos.*p; // NOT WHAT I WANT: It hard-codes 'pos' if ( n > m ) m = n; } return m; } and call it like: list<token> l; l.push_back( i ); l.push_back( j ); int m = max( l, &token::start_end::start ); However, as indicated in the comment above, I do not want to hard-code pos. I want the flexibility of accessible the start or end of any of pos, sent, or para that will be passed as a parameter to max(). I've tried several things to get this to work (tried using unions, anonymous unions, etc.) but I can't come up with a data structure that allows the flexibility both ways while having each value stored only once. Any ideas how to organize the token struct so I can have what I want? Attempt at clarification Given struct of pairs of integers, I want to be able to "slice" the data in two distinct ways: By passing a pointer-to-member of a particular start/end pair so that the called function operates on any pair without knowing which pair. The caller decides which pair. By passing a pointer-to-member of a particular int (i.e., only one int of any pair) so that the called function operates on any int without knowing either which int or which pair said int is from. The caller decides which int of which pair. Another example for the latter would be to sum, say, all para.end or all sent.start. Also, and importantly: for #2 above, I'd ideally like to pass only a single pointer-to-member to reduce the burden on the caller. Hence, me trying to figure something out using unions.

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