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• I need an abstract field !

  - by Jules Olléon

  I know abstract fields do not exist in java. I also read this question but the solutions proposed won't solve my problem. Maybe there is no solution, but it's worth asking :) Problem I have an abstract class that does an operation in the constructor depending on the value of one of its fields. The problem is that the value of this field will change depending on the subclass. How can I do so that the operation is done on the value of the field redefined by the subclass ? If I just "override" the field in the subclass the operation is done on the value of the field in the abstract class. I'm open to any solution that would ensure that the operation will be done during the instantiation of the subclass (ie putting the operation in a method called by each subclass in the constructor is not a valid solution, because someone might extend the abstract class and forget to call the method). Also, I don't want to give the value of the field as an argument of the constructor. Is there any solution to do that, or should I just change my design ?

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• Creating an abstract class in Objective C

  - by Jonathan Arbogast

  I'm originally a Java programmer who now works with Objective-C. I'd like to create an abstract class but that doesn't appear to be possible in Objective-C. Is this possible? If not, how close to an abstract class can I get in Objective-C?

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• 'abstract class' versus 'normal class' for a reusable library

  - by Greg

  I'm developing a reusable library and have been creating abstract classes, so the client can then extend from these. QUESTION: Is there any reason in fact I should use an abstract class here as opposed to just a normal class? Note - Have already decided I do not want to use interfaces as I want to include actual default methods in my library so the client using it doesn't have to write the code.

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• Django: Inherit Permssions from abstract models?

  - by lazerscience

  Is it possible to inherit permissions from an abstract model in Django? I can not really find anything about that. For me this doesn't work! class PublishBase(models.Model): class Meta: abstract = True get_latest_by = 'created' permissions = (('change_foreign_items', "Can change other user's items"),) EDIT: Not working means it fails silently. Permission is not created, as it wouldn't exist on the models inheriting from this class.

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• C#: Abstract classes need to implement interfaces?

  - by bguiz

  My test code in C#: namespace DSnA { public abstract class Test : IComparable { } } Results in the following compiler error: error CS0535: 'DSnA.Test' does not implement interface member 'System.IComparable.CompareTo(object)' Since the class Test is an abstract class, why does the compiler require it to implement the interface? Shouldn't this requirement only be compulsory for concrete classes?

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• What is the purpose of abstract classes?

  - by SpikETidE

  I am trying to learn OOP in PHP, and I have some confusion about interfaces and abstract classes. They both contain no implementations, only definitions, and should be implemented through their sub-classes. What part of abstract classes clearly distinguishes them from interfaces? Also, due to their apparent similarities, based on what reasons should I decide to use one over the other?

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• Abstract attributes in Python

  - by deamon

  What is the shortest / most elegant way to implement the following Scala code with an abstract attribute in Python? abstract class Controller { val path: String } A subclass of Controller is enforced to define "path" by the Scala compiler. A subclass would look like this: class MyController extends Controller { override val path = "/home" }

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• Object of an abstract class

  - by webgenius

  Why is it not possible to create an object of an abstract class? I understand that the compiler creates a VTABLE with VPTR pointing to NULL. Does this prevent from creating an object of an abstract class?

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• Difference between abstract class and interface

  - by nectar

  A class implementing an interface has to implement all the methods of the interface, but if that class is implementing an abctract class is it necessary to implement all abstract methods? If not, can we create the object of that class which is implementing the Abstract class???

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• Deriving a class from an abstract class (C++)

  - by cemregoksu

  I have an abstract class with a pure virtual function f() and i want to create a class inherited from that class, and also override function f(). I seperated the header file and the cpp file. I declared the function f(int) in the header file and the definition is in the cpp file. However, the compiler says the derived class is still abstract. How can i fix it?

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• NHibernate DuplicateMappingException when mapping abstract class and subclass

  - by stiank81

  I have an abstract class, and subclasses of this, and I want to map this to my database using NHibernate. I'm using Fluent, and read on the wiki how to do the mapping. But when I add the mapping of the subclass an NHibernate.DuplicateMappingException is thrown when it is mapping. Why? Here are my (simplified) classes: public abstract class FieldValue { public int Id { get; set; } public abstract object Value { get; set; } } public class StringFieldValue : FieldValue { public string ValueAsString { get; set; } public override object Value { get { return ValueAsString; } set { ValueAsString = (string)value; } } } And the mappings: public class FieldValueMapping : ClassMap<FieldValue> { public FieldValueMapping() { Id(m => m.Id).GeneratedBy.HiLo("1"); // DiscriminateSubClassesOnColumn("type"); } } public class StringValueMapping : SubclassMap<StringFieldValue> { public StringValueMapping() { Map(m => m.ValueAsString).Length(100); } } And the exception: NHibernate.MappingException : Could not compile the mapping document: (XmlDocument) ---- NHibernate.DuplicateMappingException : Duplicate class/entity mapping NamespacePath.StringFieldValue Any ideas?

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• Seam @Factory in abstract base class?

  - by Shadowman

  I've got a series of web actions I'm implementing in Seam to perform create, read, update, etc. operations. For my read/update/delete actions, I'd like to have individual action classes that all extend an abstract base class. I'd like to put the @Factory method in the abstract base class to retrieve the item that is to be acted upon. For example, I have this as the base class: public abstract class BaseAction { @In(required=false)@Out(required=false) private MyItem item=null; public MyItem getItem(){...} public void setItem(...){...} @Factory("item") public void initItem(){...} } My subclasses would extend BaseAction, so that I don't have to repeat the logic to load the item that is to be viewed, deleted, updated, etc. However, when I start my application, Seam throws errors saying I have declared multiple @Factory's for the same object. Is there any way around this? Is there any way to provide the @Factory in the base class without encoutnering these errors?

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• Testing a method used from an abstract class

  - by Bas

  I have to Unit Test a method (runMethod()) that uses a method from an inhereted abstract class to create a boolean. The method in the abstract class uses XmlDocuments and nodes to retrieve information. The code looks somewhat like this (and this is extremely simplified, but it states my problem) namespace AbstractTestExample { public abstract class AbstractExample { public string propertyValues; protected XmlNode propertyValuesXML; protected string getProperty(string propertyName) { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(new System.IO.StringReader(propertyValues)); propertyValuesXML= doc.FirstChild; XmlNode node = propertyValuesXML.SelectSingleNode(String.Format("property[name='{0}']/value", propertyName)); return node.InnerText; } } public class AbstractInheret : AbstractExample { public void runMethod() { bool addIfContains = (getProperty("AddIfContains") == null || getProperty("AddIfContains") == "True"); //Do something with boolean } } } So, the code wants to get a property from a created XmlDocument and uses it to form the result to a boolean. Now my question is, what is the best solution to make sure I have control over the booleans result behaviour. I'm using Moq for possible mocking. I know this code example is probably a bit fuzzy, but it's the best I could show. Hope you guys can help.

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• Method having an abstract class as a parameter

  - by Ferhat

  I have an abstract class A, where I have derived the classes B and C. Class A provides an abstract method DoJOB(), which is implemented by both derived classes. There is a class X which has methods inside, which need to call DoJOB(). The class X may not contain any code like B.DoJOB() or C.DoJOB(). Example: public class X { private A foo; public X(A concrete) { foo = concrete; } public FunnyMethod() { foo.DoJOB(); } } While instantiating class X I want to decide which derived class (B or C) must be used. I thought about passing an instance of B or C using the constructor of X. X kewl = new X(new C()); kewl.FunnyMethod(); //calls C.DoJOB() kewl = new X(new B()); kewl.FunnyMethod(); // calls B.DoJOB() My test showed that declaring a method with a parameter A is not working. Am I missing something? How can I implement this correctly? (A is abstract, it cannot be instantiated)

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• Use of Java [Interfaces / Abstract classes]

  - by Samuel

  Hello, Lately i decided to take a look at Java so i am still pretty new to it and also to the approach of OO programming, so i wanted to get some things straight before learning more, (i guess it's never to soon to start with good practices). I am programming a little 2D game for now but i think my question applies to any non trivial project. For the simplicity i'll provide examples from my game. I have different kinds of zombies, but they all have the same attributes (x, y, health, attack etc) so i wrote an interface Zombie which i implement by WalkingZombie, RunningZombie TeleportingZombie etc. Is this the best thing to do? Am i better of with an abstract class? Or with a super class? (I am not planning to partially implement functions - therefor my choice for an interface instead of an abstract class) I have one class describing the main character (Survivor) and since it is pretty big i wanted to write an interface with the different functions, so that i can easily see and share the structure of it. Is it good practice? Or is it simply a waste of space and time? I hope this question will not be rated as subjective because i thought that experienced programmers won't disagree about this kind of topic since the use of interfaces / super classes / abstract classes follows logical rules and is thereby not simply a personal choice. Thank you for your time -Samuel

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• Single Table Per Class Hierarchy with an abstract superclass using Hibernate Annotations

  - by Andy Hull

  I have a simple class hierarchy, similar to the following: @Entity @Table(name="animal") @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE) @DiscriminatorColumn(name="animal_type", discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING) public abstract class Animal { } @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("cat") public class Cat extends Animal { } @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("dog") public class Dog extends Animal { } When I query "from Animal" I get this exception: "org.hibernate.InstantiationException: Cannot instantiate abstract class or interface: Animal" If I make Animal concrete, and add a dummy discriminator... such as @DiscriminatorValue("animal")... my query returns my cats and dogs as instances of Animals. I remember this being trivial with HBM based mappings but I think I'm missing something when using annotations. Can anyone help? Thanks!

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• When using the getInstance() method of the abstract java.text.NumberFormat class, what is the actual

  - by iamchuckb

  This question expands upon the one at abstract-class-numberformat-very-confused-about-getinstance. I feel that this question is different enough to merit being asked on its own. In the answers to that question, it was stated that a code statement such as NumberFormat en = NumberFormat.getInstance(Locale.US); returns an object that is a subclass of the java.text.NumberFormat class. It makes sense to me why the return type can't be just an instance of NumberFormat since that is an abstract class. Rather, it was stated that the returned object is at least an instance of NumberFormat, but actually something else. My question is this: what specifically is the class of the object that is returned? In the Sun documentation the only subclasses I see are ChoicesFormat and DecimalFormat. Is there some sort of behind the scenes compiler voodoo going on here? Thanks in advance!

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• Relevance of 'public' constructor in abstract class.

  - by Amby

  Is there any relevance of a 'public' constructor in an abstract class? I can not think of any possible way to use it, in that case shouldn't it be treated as error by compiler (C#, not sure if other languages allow that). Sample Code: internal abstract class Vehicle { public Vehicle() { } } The C# compiler allows this code to compile, while there is no way i can call this contructor from the outside world. It can be called from derived classes only. So shouldn't it allow 'protected' and 'private' modifiers only. Please comment.

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• Relvance of 'public' contructor in abstract class.

  - by Amby

  Is there any relevance of a 'public' constructor in an abstract class? I can not think of any possible way to use it, in that case shouldn't it be treated as error by compiler (C#, not sure if other languages allow that). Sample Code: internal abstract class Vehicle { public Vehicle() { } } The C# compiler allows this code to compile, while there is no way i can call this contructor from the outside world. It can be called from derived classes only. So shouldn't it allow 'protected' and 'private' modifiers only. Please comment.

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• How to implement an abstract class in ruby?

  - by Chirantan

  I know there is no concept of abstract class in ruby. But if at all it needs to be implemented, how to go about it? I tried something like... class A def self.new raise 'Doh! You are trying to instantiate an abstract class!' end end class B < A ... ... end But when I try to instantiate B, it is internally going to call A.new which is going to raise the exception. Also, modules cannot be instantiated but they cannot be inherited too. making the new method private will also not work. Any pointers?

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• abstract class need acces to subclass atribute

  - by user1742980

  I have a problem with my code. public abstract class SimplePolygon implements Polygon { ... public String toString(){ String str = "Polygon: vertices ="; for(int i = 0;i<varray.length;i++){ str += " "; str += varray[i]; } return str; } } public class ArrayPolygon extends SimplePolygon { private Vertex2D[] varray; public ArrayPolygon(Vertex2D[] array){ varray = new Vertex2D[array.length]; if (array == null){} for(int i = 0;i<array.length;i++){ if (array[i] == null){} varray[i] = array[i]; } ... } Problem is, that i'm not allowed to add any atribute or method to abstract class SimplePolygon, so i'cant properly initialize varray. It could simply be solved with protected atrib in that class, but for some (stupid) reason i'cant do that. Has anybody an idea how to solve it without that? Thanks for all help.

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• can this keyword be used in an abstract class in java

  - by Reddy

  I tried with below example, it is working fine. I expected it to pick sub-class's value since object won't be created for super class (as it is abstract). But it is picking up super class's field value only. Please help me understand what is the concepts behind this? abstract class SuperAbstract { private int a=2; public void funA() { System.out.println("In SuperAbstract: this.a "+a); } } class SubClass extends SuperAbstract { private int a=34; } I am calling new SubClass.funA(); I am expecting it to print 34, but it is printing 2.

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• can the keyword 'this' be used in an abstract class in java

  - by Reddy

  I tried with below example, it is working fine. I expected it to pick sub-class's value since object won't be created for super class (as it is abstract). But it is picking up super class's field value only. Please help me understand what is the concepts behind this? abstract class SuperAbstract { private int a=2; public void funA() { System.out.println("In SuperAbstract: this.a "+a); } } class SubClass extends SuperAbstract { private int a=34; } I am calling new SubClass.funA(); I am expecting it to print 34, but it is printing 2.

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• returning an abstract class from a function

  - by cemregoksu

  Is it possible to return an abstract class(class itself or a reference, doesn't matter) from a function?

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• java: can't use constructors in abstract class

  - by ufk

  Hi. I created the following abstract class for job scheduler in red5: package com.demogames.jobs; import com.demogames.demofacebook.MysqlDb; import org.red5.server.api.IClient; import org.red5.server.api.IConnection; import org.red5.server.api.IScope; import org.red5.server.api.scheduling.IScheduledJob; import org.red5.server.api.so.ISharedObject; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.red5.server.api.Red5; /** * * @author ufk */ abstract public class DemoJob implements IScheduledJob { protected IConnection conn; protected IClient client; protected ISharedObject so; protected IScope scope; protected MysqlDb mysqldb; protected static org.apache.log4j.Logger log = Logger .getLogger(DemoJob.class); protected DemoJob (ISharedObject so, MysqlDb mysqldb){ this.conn=Red5.getConnectionLocal(); this.client = conn.getClient(); this.so=so; this.mysqldb=mysqldb; this.scope=conn.getScope(); } protected DemoJob(ISharedObject so) { this.conn=Red5.getConnectionLocal(); this.client=this.conn.getClient(); this.so=so; this.scope=conn.getScope(); } protected DemoJob() { this.conn=Red5.getConnectionLocal(); this.client=this.conn.getClient(); this.scope=conn.getScope(); } } Then i created a simple class that extends the previous one: public class StartChallengeJob extends DemoJob { public void execute(ISchedulingService service) { log.error("test"); } } The problem is that my main application can only see the constructor without any parameters. with means i can do new StartChallengeJob() why doesn't the main application sees all the constructors ? thanks!

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