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• Running a shell script in *nix

  - by Ben

  Bit of a newb using *nix (I'm actually using a bash shell in OS X 10.5) and I wondered what the probably very simple answer is to this... When I write a script (called, say, my_script) and I've saved it to the current directory, why do I have to put a period and a forward slash in front of its name to run it? Like this: ./my_script Can't the shell tell that I want to run it from the current directory? Windows seems to handle that situation. Cheers Ben

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• Zend Server + Daemontools

  - by Ben

  Hey, Is anyone running Zend Server under Daemontools? I know I can use -D NO_DETACH to run apache under daemontools. But, I'm not sure if the other Zend Server components (monitor, lighthttpd, scd, jobqueue) have similar options. (The end goal is "run Zend Server with service supervision", so upstart would be fine too. For reference, my servers are running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS.) Ben

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• Clever memory usage through the years

  - by Ben Emmett

  A friend and I were recently talking about the really clever tricks people have used to get the most out of memory. I thought I’d share my favorites, and would love to hear yours too! Interleaving on drum memory Back in the ye olde days before I’d been born (we’re talking the 50s / 60s here), working memory commonly took the form of rotating magnetic drums. These would spin at a constant speed, and a fixed head would read from memory when the correct part of the drum passed it by, a bit like a primitive platter disk. Because each revolution took a few milliseconds, programmers took to manually arranging information non-sequentially on the drum, timing when an instruction or memory address would need to be accessed, then spacing information accordingly around the edge of the drum, thus reducing the access delay. Similar techniques were still used on hard disks and floppy disks into the 90s, but have become irrelevant with modern disk technologies. The Hashlife algorithm Conway’s Game of Life has attracted numerous implementations over the years, but Bill Gosper’s Hashlife algorithm is particularly impressive. Taking advantage of the repetitive nature of many cellular automata, it uses a quadtree structure to store the hashes of pieces of the overall grid. Over time there are fewer and fewer new structures which need to be evaluated, so it starts to run faster with larger grids, drastically outperforming other algorithms both in terms of speed and the size of grid which can be simulated. The actual amount of memory used is huge, but it’s used in a clever way, so makes the list . Elite’s procedural generation Ok, so this isn’t exactly a memory optimization – more a storage optimization – but it gets an honorable mention anyway. When writing Elite, David Braben and Ian Bell wanted to build a rich world which gamers could explore, but their 22K memory was something of a limitation (for comparison that’s about the size of my avatar picture at the top of this page). They procedurally generated all the characteristics of the 2048 planets in their virtual universe, including the names, which were stitched together using a lookup table of parts of names. In fact the original plans were for 2^52 planets, but it was decided that that was probably too many. Oh, and they did that all in assembly language. Other games of the time used similar techniques too – The Sentinel’s landscape generation algorithm being another example. Modern Garbage Collectors Garbage collection in managed languages like Java and .NET ensures that most of the time, developers stop needing to care about how they use and clean up memory as the garbage collector handles it automatically. Achieving this without killing performance is a near-miraculous feet of software engineering. Much like when learning chemistry, you find that every time you think you understand how the garbage collector works, it turns out to be a mere simplification; that there are yet more complexities and heuristics to help it run efficiently. Of course introducing memory problems is still possible (and there are tools like our memory profiler to help if that happens to you) but they’re much, much rarer. A cautionary note In the examples above, there were good and well understood reasons for the optimizations, but cunningly optimized code has usually had to trade away readability and maintainability to achieve its gains. Trying to optimize memory usage without being pretty confident that there’s actually a problem is doing it wrong. So what have I missed? Tell me about the ingenious (or stupid) tricks you’ve seen people use. Ben

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• Simple Cisco ASA 5505 config issue

  - by Ben Sebborn

  I have a Cisco ASA setup with two interfaces: inside: 192.168.2.254 / 255.255.255.0 SecLevel:100 outside: 192.168.3.250 / 255.255.255.0 SecLevel: 0 I have a static route setup to allow PCs on the inside network to access the internet via a gateway on the outside interface (3.254): outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.254 This all works fine. I now need to be able to access a PC on the outside interface (3.253) from a PC on the inside interface on port 35300. I understand I should be able to do this with no problems, as I'm going from a higher security level to a lower one. However I can't get any connection. Do I need to set up a seperate static route? Perhaps the route above is overriding what I need to be able to do (is it routing ALL traffic through the gateway?) Any advice on how to do this would be apprecaited. I am configuring this via ASDM but the config can be seen as below: Result of the command: "show running-config" : Saved : ASA Version 8.2(5) ! hostname ciscoasa domain-name xxx.internal names name 192.168.2.201 dev.xxx.internal description Internal Dev server name 192.168.2.200 Newserver ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/4 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/5 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/6 shutdown ! interface Ethernet0/7 shutdown ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 192.168.3.250 255.255.255.0 ! ! time-range Workingtime periodic weekdays 9:00 to 18:00 ! ftp mode passive clock timezone GMT/BST 0 clock summer-time GMT/BDT recurring last Sun Mar 1:00 last Sun Oct 2:00 dns domain-lookup inside dns server-group DefaultDNS name-server Newserver domain-name xxx.internal same-security-traffic permit inter-interface object-group service Mysql tcp port-object eq 3306 object-group protocol TCPUDP protocol-object udp protocol-object tcp access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in remark ENABLES OUTSDIE ACCESS TO DEV SERVER! access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any interface outside eq www time-range Workingtime inactive access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp host www-1.xxx.com interface outside eq ssh access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq www access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq https access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Connect to SSH services access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any any eq ssh access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Connect to mysql server access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any host mysql.xxx.com object-group Mysql access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any host mysql.xxx.com eq 3312 access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit object-group TCPUDP host Newserver any eq domain access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit icmp any any access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Draytek Admin access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 eq 4433 access-list inside_access_in_1 remark Phone System access-list inside_access_in_1 extended permit tcp any 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 eq 35300 log disable pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm warnings logging from-address [email protected] logging recipient-address [email protected] level errors mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip verify reverse-path interface inside ip verify reverse-path interface outside ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq www ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq https ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit tcp any any eq ssh ipv6 access-list inside_access_ipv6_in permit icmp6 any any icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 icmp permit any outside no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface www dev.xxx.internal www netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp interface ssh dev.xxx.internal ssh netmask 255.255.255.255 access-group inside_access_in in interface inside control-plane access-group inside_access_in_1 in interface inside access-group inside_access_ipv6_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.254 10 route outside 192.168.3.252 255.255.255.255 192.168.3.252 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 timeout floating-conn 0:00:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL aaa authentication enable console LOCAL

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• Usage of IcmpSendEcho2 with an asynchronous callback

  - by Ben Voigt

  I've been reading the MSDN documentation for IcmpSendEcho2 and it raises more questions than it answers. I'm familiar with asynchronous callbacks from other Win32 APIs such as ReadFileEx... I provide a buffer which I guarantee will be reserved for the driver's use until the operation completes with any result other than IO_PENDING, I get my callback in case of either success or failure (and call GetCompletionStatus to find out which). Timeouts are my responsibility and I can call CancelIo to abort processing, but the buffer is still reserved until the driver cancels the operation and calls my completion routine with a status of CANCELLED. And there's an OVERLAPPED structure which uniquely identifies the request through all of this. IcmpSendEcho2 doesn't use an OVERLAPPED context structure for asynchronous requests. And the documentation is unclear excessively minimalist about what happens if the ping times out or fails (failure would be lack of a network connection, a missing ARP entry for local peers, ICMP destination unreachable response from an intervening router for remote peers, etc). Does anyone know whether the callback occurs on timeout and/or failure? And especially, if no response comes, can I reuse the buffer for another call to IcmpSendEcho2 or is it forever reserved in case a reply comes in late? I'm wanting to use this function from a Win32 service, which means I have to get the error-handling cases right and I can't just leak buffers (or if the API does leak buffers, I have to use a helper process so I have a way to abandon requests). There's also an ugly incompatibility in the way the callback is made. It looks like the first parameter is consistent between the two signatures, so I should be able to use the newer PIO_APC_ROUTINE as long as I only use the second parameter if an OS version check returns Vista or newer? Although MSDN says "don't do a Windows version check", it seems like I need to, because the set of versions with the new argument aren't the same as the set of versions where the function exists in iphlpapi.dll. Pointers to additional documentation or working code which uses this function and an APC would be much appreciated. Please also let me know if this is completely the wrong approach -- i.e. if either using raw sockets or some combination of IcmpCreateFile+WriteFileEx+ReadFileEx would be more robust.

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• JoinDomainOrWorkgroup Method FJoinOptions help

  - by Ben

  Anyone have experience of using the JoinDomainOrWorkgroup Method of the Win32_ComputerSystem Class? I want to write a powershell script to join a machine to a domain. There may be an existing computer account for the machine, and if so I want to delete it and rejoin to the domain. I've already scripted the "search and destroy" part that will delete the computer account if it exists, but just noticed the FJoinOptions switches on Technet. Trouble is - they're a bit ambiguous. Does 4 (0x4) Deletes an account when a domain exists. mean it will delete the computer account if it already exists on the domain? Also, can you specify the computername you want to join the machine under with this method, or should you do a rename and then join the domain. Cheers, Ben NB - I've been using the guide at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa392154(VS.85).aspx - not sure if there's a better resource out there.

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• How can I get the printer shares on a print server using Powershell?

  - by Ben

  I'm trying to use Powershell to get the print shares from a remote print server. I'm using: Get-WmiObject Win32_Share -computerName "print-server" I'm getting an "access denied" error: Get-WmiObject : Access is denied. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80070005 (E_ACCESSDENIED)) At line:1 char:14 + Get-WmiObject <<<< Win32_Share -computerName "print-server" + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Get-WmiObject], UnauthorizedAccessException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.UnauthorizedAccessException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetWmiObjectCommand I don't get why I can's see the shares, though, as if I connect through My Computer (e.g. \\print-server\) I can see all the print shares fine. Any ideas? Thanks. Ben

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• How to recertify Notes .id file if you can't get into Notes Admin

  - by Ben

  I've got a bit of a catch-22 situation here. My company used to use Notes, but migrated to Exchange several years ago. As such the Notes server was mothballed. I now need to get back into Notes to get some data from an old app we had. The trouble is, all my .id files have expired. I can't recertify them, as I can't log into Notes Admin - because the .id has expired. Is there any way round this? Thanks, Ben

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• Which IMAP flags are reliably supported across most mail servers?

  - by Ben Butler-Cole

  I am writing an application which reacts to emails sent to a mailbox. It retrieves the emails via IMAP. It will be deployed to a number of systems where I do not control the mail server configuration. I would like to use IMAP flags to indicate which messages have been handled. Are the system flags sufficiently widely supported that I can reasonably depend on them in my application? Are user-defined flags sufficiently widely supported? (If the answer is "ha ha, not a chance", then I shall use folders instead.) Thanks -Ben

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• Specify Credentials to run Powershell Script to Query AD

  - by Ben

  I want to run a powershell script to query AD from a machine that is NOT on the domain. Basically I want to query to see if there is computer account already on the domain for this machine and create it if there is not. Because this has to happen before the machine joins the domain I assume I will need to specify some credentials to enable it to run. (I'm pretty new to Powershell, so apologies if this is a newbie question!) The script I am using to check the account is below, and then once this has run it will join the domain using the computername specified. Can you tell me how to specify some domain credentials to run this section of the script as? Cheers, Ben $found=$false $thisComputer = <SERVICE TAG FROM BIOS> $ou = [ADSI]"LDAP://OU=My Computer OU,DC=myDomain,DC=com" foreach ($child in $ou.psbase.Children ) { if ($child.ObjectCategory -like '*computer*') { If ($child.Name -eq $thisComputer) { $found=$true } } } If ($found) { <DELETE THE EXISTING ACCOUNT> }

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• What is causing my newly built PC with Windows 7 to BSOD?

  - by Ben S

  I recently built my own PC from parts and installed Windows 7 and I have been getting BSODs with various different stop codes. The latest was 0x24, but I've also had 0xd1 and 0x1e. However, Windows does not let me know where the fault occurred, so I have no idea how to go about resolving this. I know the cause is likely a hardware driver, but I don't know which and cannot find information about how to use the minidumps to troubleshoot my problem. I've uploaded the last three minidumps in case someone can make sense out of them and let me know what could be causing my BSODs. Thanks, Ben

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• Can I port forward to an established reverse ssh tunnel

  - by Ben Holness

  I have three computers, A, B and C A has initiated a reverse ssh tunnel to B: ssh -nTNx -p 443 -R 22222:localhost:22 [user]@[server] If I log in to B, I can use 'ssh -p 22222 localhost' and I get a login prompt for A. If I try 'ssh -p 22222 [public IP of B]', it doesn't work What I would like to be able to do is have C connect to A without needing to login to B. So from C I could 'ssh -p 22222 [public IP of B]' and I would get the login prompt for A. I am using debian and shorewall and I have a basic understanding of how things work. I have tried various combinations of REDIRECT and DNAT rules, but haven't had any luck. I have tried using the same port (22222) and a different port (forwarding 22223 from C to 22222 on localhost). Any ideas? Cheers, Ben

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• Exchange 2013 Virtual Machine: Backup just mailboxes and clear logs

  - by Ben Curtis

  I have a Windows Server 2012 machine running Exchange 2013 running as a KVM virtual machine. For my VM guests, I do full image based backups from the host, so that I can quickly restore to any host server simply by copying over the disk image files. This means I don't need a nightly full system backup. That being said, without running a VSS Full Backup, the Exchange logs get massive (Specifically, the performance logs which are 500MB a day). In addition, I would also like to have a nightly backup of just the mail database. What is the best way to accomplish this? A full backup of the C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Exchange Server\V15 folder as I found in one tutorial did not clear out the logs. Thanks, Ben

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• Can I run AD commands from a standard PowerShell script?

  - by Ben

  I am putting together a script to run post-sysprep. It should check if the machine is on the network, and if it is then it should query AD to see if a computer account exists with it's service tag (we're using these as the hostnames of the machines.) If it does exist, it should delete the account and rejoin the machine to the domain. I have got the majority of the script running, but need to run the following: Remove-ADComputer -Identity $distinguishedName How can I run this from the "standard" powershell environment? I don't want to use the AD module. (By the way - I'm on a mixed mode 2000/03 domain as we are in the process of upgrading to 2008) I'm new to PowerShell so be gentle if I'm completely missing the point! Thanks, Ben

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• Best way to script checking whether a machine is on the corporate network

  - by Ben

  I am writing a Powershell script to determine if a machine is on the corporate network. The machine may or may not be on the domain, so I want to check at "IP" level. Have written something to check by pinging a couple of servers on a couple of different subnets (to get around the risk of someone being on another (external) subnet with a host on the same IP.) Works, but it's a bit slow, and not especially "future-proof" - e.g. in 2 years time when I decomission the server it'll break. Is there a way I can use the dns suffix being given by the local dhcp server? Just direct me what I need to check - I can figure out the script. Ta, Ben

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• iPhone SDK Zoom and refresh PDF with Quartz

  - by Ben

  Looking at the QuartzDemo sample application, I love the speed of the PDF rending using quartz alone (that is, without using uiwebview). However, when I'm zooming in the PDF it doesn't seem to become more clear like it does in PDF view. Is there something that I can change to have the same effect when zooming in and out using multitouch? like manipulate the PDF transformation matrix or something? Thanks a bunch. --Ben

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• PyGTK: Packing widgets before tabs in a gtk.Notebook

  - by Ben Ashton

  Basically, what I want to do is put some buttons before the tabs in a gtk.Notebook. I tried making my own notebook type widget and it worked well, but it would have required lots more work to make it as flexible as I would like, also it wasn't as efficient. Here is a mock-up of what I'm trying to achieve: http://imagebin.ca/view/84SC0d.html Any ideas would be much appreciated, thanks. Ben.

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• How to escape trailing backslash in NVelocity

  - by Ben

  I am using NVelocity to process various PowerShell scripts before they are executed against a server. My question is how to escape a backslash trailing a variable: e.g. ls \\$computername\c$ $computername should be replaced with a valid computer name at runtime, but the trailing backslash (\c$) means that it does not. Thanks Ben

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• ASP.NET MVC Render View to String

  - by Ben

  I'm currently using NVelocity to render some email templates. I'm curious how I can do this with the standard ASP.NET MVC view engine i.e. render a view as a string. Basically I want to pass get the string result of a model binded view and pass this to iTextSharp to generate a PDF. Thanks. Ben

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• Core Data: NSFetchRequest sorting by count of to-many relationship

  - by Ben Reeves

  Say I have an parent entity, each of which have a number of children. I want to get all the parents sorted by their number of children. Something similar to the following pseudo code: NSEntityDescription * entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Parent" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContext]; [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"children.count" ascending:NO]; //Execute request Is there a way construct a fetch like this using core data? Thanks, Ben

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• Facebook Game Development - ASP.NET MVC or ASP.NET MVVM?

  - by Ben

  Hi I am starting to develop a facebook game using ASP.NET + Silverlight Which architecture would you use? ASP.NET MVC or MVVM or RIA Services? ALso what do you think about using XNA with Silversprite? Thanks a lot in advance. -Ben

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• Offline product catalog

  - by Ben

  I am looking for a way to automate the production of an offline product catalog using product data contained in an SQL Server database. I have thought about using both Crystal Reports and SQL Server Reporting Services for this but there may be something better suited for the job. There is a requirement to display product images also (currently stored in the database). I thought about perhaps doing a simple Word Mail Merge for this but am not sure how I will handle images. Suggestions appreciated Thanks Ben

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• Storing SQL Queries within a Configuration file?

  - by Ben Crowhurst

  Hello y'all, A general question on what everyone's opinion is on storing SQL queries within a configuration file? Is this just another bike shed? Cheers, Ben

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• Is NSXMLParser's parse method asynchronous

  - by Ben Guest

  Is NSXMLParser's parse method asynchronous? in other words if i have an NSXMLParse object and i call [someParseObject parse] from the main thread, will it block the main thread while it does it's thing? -Thanks for answering this seemingly noob question. -Ben

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• What is a 'Closure'?

  - by Ben

  I asked a question about Currying and closures where mentioned. What is a closure? How does it relate to currying? Additional: Kyle's answer is great but to my poor procedural/OO mind Ben Childs answer is really useful.

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