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  • Python namespace in between builtins and global?

    - by Paul
    Hello, As I understand it python has the following outermost namespaces: Builtin - This namespace is global across the entire interpreter and all scripts running within an interpreter instance. Globals - This namespace is global across a module, ie across a single file. I am looking for a namespace in between these two, where I can share a few variables declared within the main script to modules called by it. For example, script.py: import Log from Log import foo from foo log = Log() foo() foo.py: def foo(): log.Log('test') # I want this to refer to the callers log object I want to be able to call script.py multiple times and in each case, expose the module level log object to the foo method. Any ideas if this is possible? It won't be too painful to pass down the log object, but I am working with a large chunk of code that has been ported from Javascript. I also understand that this places constraints on the caller of foo to expose its log object. Thanks, Paul

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  • In game programming are global variables bad?

    - by Joe.F
    I know my gut reaction to global variables is "badd!" but in the two game development courses I've taken at my college globals were used extensively, and now in the DirectX 9 game programming tutorial I am using (www.directxtutorial.com) I'm being told globals are okay in game programming ...? The site also recommends using only structs if you can when doing game programming to help keep things simple. I'm really confused on this issue, and all the research I've been trying to do is very confusing. I realize there are issues when using global variables (threading issues, they make code harder to maintain, the state of them is hard to track etc) but also there is a cost associated with not using globals, I'd have to pass a loooot of information around very often which can be confusing and I imagine time-costing, although I guess pointers would speed the process up (this is my first time writing a game in C++.) Anyway, I realize there is probably no "right" or "wrong" answer here since both ways work, but I want my code to be as proper as I can so any input would be good, thank you very much!

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  • global counter in application: bad practice?

    - by Martin
    In my C++ application I sometimes create different output files for troubleshooting purposes. Each file is created at a different step of our pipelined operation and it's hard to know file came before which other one (file timestamps all show the same date). I'm thinking of adding a global counter in my application, and a function (with multithreading protection) which increments and returns that global counter. Then I can use that counter as part of the filenames I create. Is this considered bad practice? Many different modules need to create files and they're not necessarily connected to each other.

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  • OpenGL render vs. own Phong Illumination Implementation

    - by Myx
    Hello: I have implemented a Phong Illumination Scheme using a camera that's centered at (0,0,0) and looking directly at the sphere primitive. The following are the relevant contents of the scene file that is used to view the scene using OpenGL as well as to render the scene using my own implementation: ambient 0 1 0 dir_light 1 1 1 -3 -4 -5 # A red sphere with 0.5 green ambiance, centered at (0,0,0) with radius 1 material 0 0.5 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 0 sphere 0 0 0 0 1 The resulting image produced by OpenGL. The image that my rendering application produces. As you can see, there are various differences between the two: The specular highlight on my image is smaller than the one in OpenGL. The diffuse surface seems to not diffuse in the correct way, resulting in the yellow region to be unneccessarily large in my image, whereas in OpenGL there's a nice dark green region closer to the bottom of the sphere The color produced by OpenGL is much darker than the one in my image. Those are the most prominent three differences that I see. The following is my implementation of the Phong illumination: R3Rgb Phong(R3Scene *scene, R3Ray *ray, R3Intersection *intersection) { R3Rgb radiance; if(intersection->hit == 0) { radiance = scene->background; return radiance; } R3Vector normal = intersection->normal; R3Rgb Kd = intersection->node->material->kd; R3Rgb Ks = intersection->node->material->ks; // obtain ambient term R3Rgb intensity_ambient = intersection->node->material->ka*scene->ambient; // obtain emissive term R3Rgb intensity_emission = intersection->node->material->emission; // for each light in the scene, obtain calculate the diffuse and specular terms R3Rgb intensity_diffuse(0,0,0,1); R3Rgb intensity_specular(0,0,0,1); for(unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->lights.size(); i++) { R3Light *light = scene->Light(i); R3Rgb light_color = LightIntensity(scene->Light(i), intersection->position); R3Vector light_vector = -LightDirection(scene->Light(i), intersection->position); // calculate diffuse reflection intensity_diffuse += Kd*normal.Dot(light_vector)*light_color; // calculate specular reflection R3Vector reflection_vector = 2.*normal.Dot(light_vector)*normal-light_vector; reflection_vector.Normalize(); R3Vector viewing_vector = ray->Start() - intersection->position; viewing_vector.Normalize(); double n = intersection->node->material->shininess; intensity_specular += Ks*pow(max(0.,viewing_vector.Dot(reflection_vector)),n)*light_color; } radiance = intensity_emission+intensity_ambient+intensity_diffuse+intensity_specular; return radiance; } Here are the related LightIntensity(...) and LightDirection(...) functions: R3Vector LightDirection(R3Light *light, R3Point position) { R3Vector light_direction; switch(light->type) { case R3_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT: light_direction = light->direction; break; case R3_POINT_LIGHT: light_direction = position-light->position; break; case R3_SPOT_LIGHT: light_direction = position-light->position; break; } light_direction.Normalize(); return light_direction; } R3Rgb LightIntensity(R3Light *light, R3Point position) { R3Rgb light_intensity; double distance; double denominator; if(light->type != R3_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) { distance = (position-light->position).Length(); denominator = light->constant_attenuation + light->linear_attenuation*distance + light->quadratic_attenuation*distance*distance; } switch(light->type) { case R3_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT: light_intensity = light->color; break; case R3_POINT_LIGHT: light_intensity = light->color/denominator; break; case R3_SPOT_LIGHT: R3Vector from_light_to_point = position - light->position; light_intensity = light->color*( pow(light->direction.Dot(from_light_to_point), light->angle_attenuation)); break; } return light_intensity; } I would greatly appreciate any suggestions as to any implementation errors that are apparent. I am wondering if the differences could be occurring simply because of the gamma values used for display by OpenGL and the default gamma value for my display. I also know that OpenGL (or at least tha parts that I was provided) can't cast shadows on objects. Not that this is relevant for the point in question, but it just leads me to wonder if it's simply display and capability differences between OpenGL and what I am trying to do. Thank you for your help.

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  • Javascript redeclared global variable overrides old value

    - by Yousuf Haider
    I ran into an interesting issue the other day and was wondering if someone could shed light on why this is happening. Here is what I am doing (for the purposes of this example I have dumbed down the example somewhat): I am creating a globally scoped variable using the square bracket notation and assigning it a value. Later I declare a var with the same name as the one I just created above. Note I am not assigning a value. Since this is a redeclaration of the same variable the old value should not be overriden as described here: http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_variables.asp //create global variable with square bracket notation window['y'] = 'old'; //redeclaration of the same variable var y; if (!y) y = 'new'; alert(y); //shows New instead of Old The problem is that the old value actually does get overriden and in the above eg. the alert shows 'new' instead of 'old'. Why ? I guess another way to state my question is how is the above code different in terms of semantics from the code below: //create global variable var y = 'old'; //redeclaration of the same variable var y; if (!y) y = 'new'; alert(y); //shows Old

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  • Javascript Square bracket notation for global variables

    - by Yousuf Haider
    I ran into an interesting issue the other day and was wondering if someone could shed light on why this is happening. Here is what I am doing (for the purposes of this example I have dumbed down the example somewhat): I am creating a globally scoped variable using the square bracket notation and assigning it a value. Later I declare a var with the same name as the one I just created above. Note I am not assigning a value. Since this is a redeclaration of the same variable the old value should not be overriden as described here: http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_variables.asp //create global variable with square bracket notation window['y'] = 'old'; //redeclaration of the same variable var y; if (!y) y = 'new'; alert(y); //shows New instead of Old The problem is that the old value actually does get overriden and in the above eg. the alert shows 'new' instead of 'old'. Why ? I guess another way to state my question is how is the above code different in terms of semantics from the code below: //create global variable var y = 'old'; //redeclaration of the same variable var y; if (!y) y = 'new'; alert(y); //shows New instead of Old

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  • Cookie add in the Global.asax warning in application log

    - by Ioxp
    In my Global.ASAX file i have the following: System.Web.HttpCookie isAccess = new System.Web.HttpCookie("IsAccess"); isAccess.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1); isAccess.Value = ""; System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(isAccess); So every time this method this is logged in the application events as a warning: Event code: 3005 Event message: An unhandled exception has occurred. Event time: 5/25/2010 12:23:20 PM Event time (UTC): 5/25/2010 4:23:20 PM Event ID: c515e27a28474eab8d99720c3f5a8e90 Event sequence: 4148 Event occurrence: 332 Event detail code: 0 Application information: Application domain: /LM/W3SVC/2100509645/Root-1-129192259222289896 Trust level: Full Application Virtual Path: / Application Path: <PathRemoved>\www\ Machine name: TIPPER Process information: Process ID: 6936 Process name: w3wp.exe Account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Exception information: Exception type: NullReferenceException Exception message: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. Request information: Request URL: Request path: User host address: User: Is authenticated: False Authentication Type: Thread account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Thread information: Thread ID: 7 Thread account name: NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Is impersonating: False Stack trace: at ASP.global_asax.Session_End(Object sender, EventArgs e) in <PathRemoved>\Global.asax:line 113 Any idea why this code would cause this error?

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  • Redeclared javascript global variable overrides old value in IE

    - by Yousuf Haider
    (creating a separate question after comments on this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2634410/javascript-redeclared-global-variable-overrides-old-value) I am creating a globally scoped variable using the square bracket notation and assigning it a value inside an external js file. In another js file I declare a var with the same name as the one I just created above. Note I am not assigning a value. Since this is a redeclaration of the same variable the old value should not be overriden as described here: http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_variables.asp Create 2 javascript files with the following content : Script1 //create global variable with square bracket notation window['y'] = 'old'; Script2 //redeclaration of the same variable var y; if (!y) y = 'new'; alert(y); //shows New instead of Old in IE Include these 2 files in your html file <html> <head></head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="my.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="my2.js"></script> </body> </html> Opening this page in Firefox and Chrome alerts 'old' which is the expected behavior. However in IE 8 the page will actually alert 'new' Any ideas on why this happens on IE ?

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  • Global Thermonuclear War [closed]

    - by Vivin Paliath
    Hey there, I'm Dr. Falken and I'm trying to make a computer program on my computer (WOPR) that simulates Global Thermonuclear War. So far I've simulated Checkers and Tic-Tac-Toe, but I've never tried to do anything on this scale. Any pointers on how I should start? Sincerely, Dr. Falken

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  • How can I inject Javascript (including Prototype.js) in other sites without cluttering the global na

    - by Daniel Magliola
    I'm currently on a project that is a big site that uses the Prototype library, and there is already a humongous amount of Javascript code. We're now working on a piece of code that will get "injected" into other people's sites (picture people adding a <script> tag in their sites) which will then run our code and add a bunch of DOM elements and functionality to their site. This will have new pieces of code, and will also reuse a lot of the code that we use on our main site. The problem I have is that it's of course not cool to just add a <script> that will include Prototype in people's pages. If we do that in a page that's already using ANY framework, we're guaranteed to screw everything up. jQuery gives us the option to "rename" the $ object, so it could handle this situation decently, except obviously for the fact that we're not using jQuery, so we'd have to migrate everything. Right now i'm contemplating a number of ugly choices, and I'm not sure what's best... Rewrite everything to use jQuery, with a renamed $ object everywhere. Creating a "new" Prototype library with only the subset we'd be using in "injected" code, and renaming $ to something else. Then again I'd have to adapt the parts of my code that would be shared somehow. Not using a library at all in injected code, to keep it as clean as possible, and rewriting the shared code to use no library at all. This would obviously degenerate into us creating our own frankenstein of a library, which is probably the worst case scenario ever. I'm wondering what you guys think I could do, and also whether there's some magic option that would solve all my problems... For example, do you think I could use something like Caja / Cajita to sandbox my own code and isolate it from the rest of the site, and have Prototype inside of there? Or am I completely missing the point with that? I also read once about a technique for bookmarklets, were you add your code like this: (function() { /* your code */ })(); And then your code is all inside your anonymous function and you haven't touched the global namespace at all. Do you think I could make one file containing: (function() { /* Full Code of the Prototype file here */ /* All my code that will run in the "other" site */ InitializeStuff_CreateDOMElements_AttachEventHandlers(); })(); Would that work? Would it accomplish the objective of not cluttering the global namespace, and not killing the functionality on a site that uses jQuery, for example? Or is Prototype too complex somehow to isolate it like that? (NOTE: I think I know that that would create closures everywhere and that's slower, but I don't care too much about performance, my code is not doing anything that complex)

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  • How build a global function to have the recent background-Positions for continue animation after cha

    - by andi
    Try to find a global function, to get and to put the backgroundPosition-values, but I feel a bit confused. Here is the function: function global_backgroundPosition_Menu(num){ $('#Navigation_1') .css({ backgroundPosition: num + "px 0" }) } /////////////////// An here I want to call and put the function: if ($('#Navigation_1 li.leistungen.active').length != 0){ global_backgroundPosition_Menu(); $('#Navigation_1') .css({ backgroundImage: "url(images/background/menu_highlight_hg.png)", backgroundRepeat: "no-repeat", }) .animate({ backgroundPosition: "30px 0" }) global_backgroundPosition_Menu(30) };

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  • shared global variables in C

    - by Claudiu
    How can I create global variables that are shared in C? If I put it in a header file, then the linker complains that the variables are already defined. Is the only way to declare the variable in one of my C files and to manually put in externs at the top of all the other C files that want to use it? That sounds not ideal.

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  • Voicexml how to store input into a global variable

    - by Tyzak
    Hello, I'm creating a voicexml appliacation. I want to store an user input into a global variable. I wondered, the input should be stored in the fieldvar. shouldn't it? After I tried it with this, i tried to store it in an global variable: <assign name="myvar" expr="'myinput'"/> but somehow it didn't work. I used value expr="var" as expr. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <vxml xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/vxml" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/vxml http://www.w3.org/TR/voicexml20/vxml.xsd" version="2.0"> <var name="myProdukt" /> <form id="test"> <field name="var"> <prompt bargein="true" bargeintype="hotword" >Sagen Sie ein Produkt</prompt> <grammar root="main" version="1.0" xml:lang="de-DE"> <rule id="main" scope="public"> <one-of> <item> p1 </item> <item> p2 </item> <item> p3 </item> <item> p4 </item> </one-of> </rule> </grammar> <filled> <assign name="myProdukt" expr="<value expr="var"/>"/> </filled> </field> </form> <<!--[...] Here i want to use the input.--> </vxml> thanks in advance

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  • When are global variables acceptable?

    - by dsimcha
    Everyone here seems to hate global variables, but I see at least one very reasonable use for them: They are great for holding program parameters that are determined at program initialization and not modified afterwords. Do you agree that this is an exception to the "globals are evil" rule? Is there any other exception that you can think of, besides in quick and dirty throwaway code where basically anything goes? If not, why are globals so fundamentally evil that you do not believe that there are any exceptons?

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  • Please Describe Your Struggles with Minimizing Use of Global Variables

    - by MetaHyperBolic
    Most of the programs I write are relatively flowchartable processes, with a defined start and hoped-for end. The problems themselves can be complex but do not readily lean towards central use of objects and event-driven programming. Often, I am simply churning through great varied batches of text data to produce different text data. Only occasionally do I need to create a class: As an example, to track warnings, errors, and debugging message, I created a class (Problems) with one instantiation (myErr), which I believe to be an example of the Singleton design pattern. As a further factor, my colleagues are more old school (procedural) than I and are unacquainted with object-oriented programming, so I am loath to create things they could not puzzle through. And yet I hear, again and again, how even the Singleton design pattern is really an anti-pattern and ought to be avoided because Global Variables Are Bad. Minor functions need few arguments passed to them and have no need to know of configuration (unchanging) or program state (changing) -- I agree. However, the functions in the middle of the chain, which primarily control program flow, have a need for a large number of configuration variables and some program state variables. I believe passing a dozen or more arguments along to a function is a "solution," but hardly an attractive one. I could, of course, cram variables into a single hash/dict/associative array, but that seems like cheating. For instance, connecting to the Active Directory to make a new account, I need such configuration variables as an administrative username, password, a target OU, some default groups, a domain, etc. I would have to pass those arguments down through a variety of functions which would not even use them, merely shuffle them off down through a chain which would eventually lead to the function that actually needs them. I would at least declare the configuration variables to be constant, to protect them, but my language of choice these days (Python) provides no simple manner to do this, though recipes do exist as workarounds. Numerous Stack Overflow questions have hit on the why? of the badness and the requisite shunning, but do not often mention tips on living with this quasi-religious restriction. How have you resolved, or at least made peace with, the issue of global variables and program state? Where have you made compromises? What have your tricks been, aside from shoving around flocks of arguments to functions?

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  • firefox global menu problem

    - by Alen
    I'm using Ubuntu 11.10 and I'm having problems with global menu on Firefox 16. As you can see on this screenshot: I have two titles, one for currently active window and one for firefox window, this is not the case with other apps. My global menu addon is activated, but when I deactivate it I have the same results. How to fix this? EDIT: Also I have Close/Minimize/Maximize buttons on global menu and on Firefox

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  • Introducing Oracle Secure Global Desktop for Exalogic!

    - by Mohan Prabhala
    We're excited to introduce Oracle Secure Global Desktop for Exalogic!  Exalogic is hardware and software engineered together to provide extreme performance for Java applications, Oracle Applications, and all other enterprise applications. Oracle Secure Global Desktop provides secure access to centralized, server-hosted applications from a wide variety of popular client devices. Watch Mohamad Afshar and Mohan Prabhala from Oracle Product Management talk about what Oracle Secure Global Desktop is, its differentiators, and how it relates to Exalogic.

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  • MSCC: Global Windows Azure Bootcamp - 29th March 2014

    The Mauritius Software Craftsmanship Community proudly presents you the Global Windows Azure Bootcamp 2014 in Mauritius. Global Windows Azure Bootcamp 2014 in Mauritius - MSCC together with Microsoft, Ceridian and Emtel We are very happy and excited about our participation in this global event and would like to draw your attention to the official invitation letter below. Please sign up and RSVP on the official website of the MSCC. Participation is for free! Call for action Please create more awareness of this event in Mauritius and use the hash tag #gwabmru as well as the shortened link: http://aka.ms/gwabmru And remember: Sharing is Caring! Official invitation letter to the GWAB 2014 in Mauritius With over 130 confirmed locations around the globe, the Global Windows Azure Bootcamp is going to be a truly memorable event - and now here's your chance to take part! In April of 2013 we held the first Global Windows Azure Bootcamp at more than 90 locations around the globe! This year we want to again offer up a one day deep dive class to help thousands of people get up to speed on discovering Cloud Computing Applications for Windows Azure. In addition to this great learning opportunity the hands on labs will feature pooling a huge global compute farm to perform diabetes research! In Mauritius, the event will be organised by Microsoft Indian Ocean Islands & French Pacific in partnership with The Mauritius Software Craftsmanship Community (MSCC) and sponsored by Microsoft, Ceridian and Emtel. What do I need to bring?  You will need to bring your own computer which can run Visual Studio 2012 or 2013 (i.e. Windows, OSX, Ubuntu with virtualization, etc.) and have it preloaded with the following: Visual Studio 2012 or 2013 The Windows Azure SDK - http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/net/ Optionally (or if you will not be doing just .NET labs), the following can also be installed: Node.js SDK - http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/nodejs/ JAVA SDK - http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/java/ Doing mobile? Android? iOS? Windows Phone or Windows 8? - http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/mobile/ PHP - http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/php/ More info here: http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/documentation Important: Please do the installation upfront as there will be very little time to troubleshoot installations during the day.  

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