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• Are there any useless language features in the C or C++ language? [closed]

  - by ThePlan

  As a beginner I often found myself saying "This is so useless. How can this ever help me?" only to find out later on that it is essential and I was a fool. The moral, however, tends to be that the C or the C++ language are perfect and they contain nothing of no-use to programmers. I'm asking this question for 2 reasons: out of pure curiosity and so that I may know what not to learn. In a nutshell - are there any useless language features in the C or the C++ language, which good programmers almost never use? It would also be of great help if you would mention weather they are a bad practice when used or just purely useless.

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• alt+shift can't be set to toggle language

  - by Ali

  I recently did a fresh installation of Ubuntu 13.10; but there is something bothering me, which I don't quite understand. When I first tried to toggle the keyboard language(I usually switch between Persian and English) using the good old "alt+shift" shortcut it didn't work. Then, I went and checked the Keyboard shortcut settings and found out that it had been set to "super+space"(which BTW didn't work either). So I tried to change it back to "alt+shift" but it just doesn't work; when I press "alt+shift" to set it up as the toggle-language shortcut, the box automatically resets itself to its previous value(without any errors whatsoever). As far as I've checked I couldn't find any thing obvious corresponding to the shortcut "alt+shift" either. I've currently set up the shortcut as "Ctrl+space"; so I can toggle the language. My question is why I cannot set it up to just "alt+shift"?

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• Language support problems

  - by oadams

  I'm running 11.04. I want the system language to be in German. When I go to Language Support and Install/Remove Languages, I check the German box and Apply Changes. However I'm told that the package is already installed and that there isn't any need for an installation. Expanding the Details shows: Package [dbus.String(u'libreoffice-gnome')] is already installed However, German doesn't appear in the Language for menus and windows list. How should I resolve this? The problem is the same when I tried Esperanto and Afrikaans.

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• How to install Arabic language on Windows 7 using Windows 7 DVD (not Windows Update)?

  - by drake035

  In Control Panel Region & Language Install/Uninstall languages Install display languages, I have the choice between launching Windows Update and selecting "display language files" from computer. I want to use the second option but have no idea what language files look like or where they are. I suppose I can find them on my Windows 7 DVD (I need to install Arabic specifically), but where exactly ?

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• "Language support" icon missing in System Settings

  - by dusan

  The "Language Support" icon from the System settings has disappeared: (Also I can't find it from Dash) The last thing I've done was changing the keyboard input method system to "ibus". I tried to execute gnome-control-center directly in the command line, expecting to see errors in the output, but there is no console output. Where can I start looking for the cause? Can I call the "Language Support" option directly from command line?

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• Recognizing language of a short text? - Python

  - by RadiantHex

  Hi folks, I'm have a list of articles, each article has its own title and description. Unfortunately, from the sources I am using, there is no way to know what language they are written. Also, text is not entirely written in 1 language; almost always English words are present. I reckon I would need dictionary databases stored on my machine, but it feels a bit unpractical. What would you suggest I do?

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• airplanes operating system and choice of programing language

  - by adhg

  I was wondring if anyone knows what is the operating system used in commercial airplanes (say Boeing or Airbus). Also, what is the (preferred) real-time programing language? I heard that Ada is used in Boeing, so my question is - why Ada? what are the criteria the Boeing-guys had to choose this language? (I guess Java wouldn't be a great choice if the exactly in lift off the garbage collector wakes up). Thanks!

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• coding in native language

  - by radi

  is it possible to someone to invent a new programming language in his native language , and if it possible how to do that and what the tools he need to write compiler for it . thanks .

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• Directing crawlers to content in language per language sub-domain

  - by Noam

  I have a site with multilingual website with many pages (40M). The site has UGC, and each translation is actually for the titles. Each sub-domain points to the same content with different titles per language. As far as I understand, each sub-domain should be indexed by search engines, meaning they will actually need to crawl 40M x supported-languages. So I thought it might be best to direct each subdomain crawler, to pages that are fully in that language (titles + UGC). Is there a way to do this? Should search engines understand this on their own?

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• How to use different input language for different active (application) windows?

  - by anvo

  I'm working under 12.04 and suppose I have a Firefox windows active (or in foreground) with English as input language and I need to type a document in other language using some text editor. With the text editor in foreground (or active) and the input language set to a non-English one, when I bring Firefox in foreground (or making it active) the input language remains set to the non-English and the language flag does not switch to English (as it would be expected, since I do not alter the language during the whole Firefox session). Because of this, I have to make extra moves and change the input language manually every time I switch from the text editor to Firefox and back to text editor. This was not happening with 10.04, and each application windows had the corresponding input language set to its default or previous session every time I was bringing it to the foreground! How will I make 12.04 to behave the same way?

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• How to reset the language of the package descriptions

  - by xubuntix

  I have had German as my main language about a year ago. Later I changed it to English. Most parts of the system accepted the change. The notable exceptions are the package descriptions, which remain in German for some packages. You can see in the image (apt-cache and software-center), that while some descriptions are in English, some have remained in German. So the question is: how do I reset this? I guess that there is somewhere a description cache that needs to be told that it should update all descriptions? EDIT: As asked: the output of some language related commands: $ cat /etc/default/locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8" $ apt-config dump | grep Lang Acquire::Languages ""; Acquire::Languages:: "de_DE"; Acquire::Languages:: "de"; Acquire::Languages:: "en"; Acquire::Languages:: "none"; $ locale LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en LC_CTYPE="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_TIME="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_COLLATE="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_MESSAGES="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_PAPER="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_NAME="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_ADDRESS="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_TELEPHONE="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_MEASUREMENT="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_IDENTIFICATION="de_DE.UTF-8" LC_ALL= As a note: I'm not sure what each entry means, but some of the de_DE.UTF-8 are probably ok, since I do want paper-sizes, monetary, time, etc. in standard German formats.

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• What do the 4 keyboard input method systems in 10.04 mean?

  - by Android Eve

  I am trying to install another language support (in addition to the default US). Checking that language checkbox in "Install / Remove Languages..." wasn't too difficult. :) But now I want to add keyboard support, too, for that language. Again, I am prompted with a nice listbox with the following 4 options: none ibus lo-gtk th-gtk But I have no idea what these mean. I googled "ubuntu 10.04 keyboard input method system none ibus lo-gtk th-gtk" but all I could find was descriptions of problems, not an actual definition. Could you please point me to a webpage where I can learn about the meanings of these 4 different methods and +'s and -'s of each?

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• New scripting language

  - by j-t-s

  Hi All I am trying to create a scripting language by myself (it doesn't have to be perfect - although that would be great if it was), mostly because i'm doing it for fun and to learn about how they're created etc. According to the answer over here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2439929/creating-a-scripting-language what I'm supposed to be looking into is this: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xawadt95%28VS.85%29.aspx . But, I have absolutely no idea what that MSDN page is on about. Can somebody please help? P.S. Are there any free/open source scripting languages that target the Windows Script Host, that also have full source code available for it that I can play around with? Thank you

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• Theory: "Lexical Encoding"

  - by _ande_turner_

  I am using the term "Lexical Encoding" for my lack of a better one. A Word is arguably the fundamental unit of communication as opposed to a Letter. Unicode tries to assign a numeric value to each Letter of all known Alphabets. What is a Letter to one language, is a Glyph to another. Unicode 5.1 assigns more than 100,000 values to these Glyphs currently. Out of the approximately 180,000 Words being used in Modern English, it is said that with a vocabulary of about 2,000 Words, you should be able to converse in general terms. A "Lexical Encoding" would encode each Word not each Letter, and encapsulate them within a Sentence. // An simplified example of a "Lexical Encoding" String sentence = "How are you today?"; int[] sentence = { 93, 22, 14, 330, QUERY }; In this example each Token in the String was encoded as an Integer. The Encoding Scheme here simply assigned an int value based on generalised statistical ranking of word usage, and assigned a constant to the question mark. Ultimately, a Word has both a Spelling & Meaning though. Any "Lexical Encoding" would preserve the meaning and intent of the Sentence as a whole, and not be language specific. An English sentence would be encoded into "...language-neutral atomic elements of meaning ..." which could then be reconstituted into any language with a structured Syntactic Form and Grammatical Structure. What are other examples of "Lexical Encoding" techniques? If you were interested in where the word-usage statistics come from : http://www.wordcount.org

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• 'Other' Features in a programming language

  - by user12960

  Online (i cant remember where) i saw someone mention he wishes programming language has more built in features for tools like documentation and source control. Now i dont understand what needs to be built in for source control since tools like git (sorry but i dont have much experience with others) has everything i need and is very easy to use. Documentation i can understand, perhaps the ability to generate remote procedures calls from source to some kind of IDL would be cool. But really i dont understand what features a programming language can/should have that isnt tied with code generation and syntax (except the two i mention when it comes to libraries). What ideas do you guys have? What is your wishlist?

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• Language Club

  - by Ben Griswold

  We started a language club at work this week.  Thus far, we have a collective interest in a number of languages: Python, Ruby, F#, Erlang, Objective-C, Scala, Clojure, Haskell and Go. There are more but these 9 received the most votes. During the first few meetings we are going to determine which language we should tackle first. To help make our selection, each member will provide a quick overview of their favored language by answering the following set of questions: Why are you interested in learning “your” language(s). (There’s lots of work, I’m an MS shill, It’s hip and  fun, etc) What type of language is it?  (OO, dynamic, functional, procedural, declarative, etc) What types of problems is your language best suited to solve?  (Algorithms over big data, rapid application development, modeling, merely academic, etc) Can you provide examples of where/how it is being used?  If it isn’t being used, why not?  (Erlang was invented at Ericsson to provide an extremely fault tolerant, concurrent system.) Quick history – Who created/sponsored the language?  When was it created?  Is it currently active? Does the language have hardware support (an attempt was made at one point to create processor instruction sets specific to Prolog), or can it run as an interpreted language inside another language (like Ruby in the JVM)? Are there facilities for programs written in this language to communicate with other languages?  How does this affect its utility? Does the language have a IDE tool support?  (Think Eclipse or Visual Studio) How well is the language supported in terms of books, community and documentation? What’s the number one things which differentiates the language from others?  (i.e. Why is it cool?) How is the language applicability to us as consultants?  What would the impact be of using the language in terms of cost, maintainability, personnel costs, etc.? What’s the number one things which differentiates the language from others?  (i.e. Why is it cool?) This should provide an decent introduction into nearly a dozen languages and give us enough context to decide which single language deserves our undivided attention for the weeks to come.  Stay tuned for the winner…

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• What programming language matches this description? [on hold]

  - by Benubird

  I am looking for a functional language that is basically dynamic programming - i.e. one where functions are first-class objects - but where all function calls are asynchronous by default; i.e. you define function X(a,b) = (Y(a)+Z(b)), and when X() is called, it sees it is waiting for the return from two functions, runs one in the current thread, and spawns a new thread to run the other. The future is very much parallel processing; multiple cores, multiple machines, the internet of things, etc. and I was wondering if there was a language specifically designed to make this kind of parallelization easy. I currently have only used imperative languages (c, php, java, ruby, etc), so I don't know anything about what kind of functional languages are available.

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• Why does NUnit ignore datapoints when using generics in a theory

  - by The Chairman

  I'm trying to make use of the TheoryAttribute, introduced in NUnit 2.5. Everything works fine as long as the arguments are of a defined type: [Datapoint] public double[,] Array2X2 = new double[,] { { 1, 0 }, { 0, 1 } }; [Theory] public void TestForArbitraryArray(double[,] array) { // ... } It does not work, when I use generics: [Datapoint] public double[,] Array2X2 = new double[,] { { 1, 0 }, { 0, 1 } }; [Theory] public void TestForArbitraryArray<T>(T[,] array) { // ... } NUnit gives a warning saying No arguments were provided. Why is that?

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• Understanding run time code interpretation and execution

  - by Bob

  I'm creating a game in XNA and was thinking of creating my own scripting language (extremely simple mind you). I know there's better ways to go about this (and that I'm reinventing the wheel), but I want the learning experience more than to be productive and fast. When confronted with code at run time, from what I understand, the usual approach is to parse into a machine code or byte code or something else that is actually executable and then execute that, right? But, for instance, when Chrome first came out they said their JavaScript engine was fast because it compiles the JavaScript into machine code. This implies other engines weren't compiling into machine code. I'd prefer not compiling to a lower language, so are there any known modern techniques for parsing and executing code without compiling to low level? Perhaps something like parsing the code into some sort of tree, branching through the tree, and comparing each symbol and calling some function that handles that symbol? (Wild guessing and stabbing in the dark)

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• Prioritize compiler functionality/tasks, when designing a new language

  - by Mahdi

  Well, the question should be so hard to ask and I expect couple of down votes, however, I'm really interested to have your ideas and recommendations. :) I've already made a very simple compiler, with a few and limited functionality. Now I'm getting more on it to make it more like a real-world compiler. I definitely need to start over 'cause I've much more experience and ideas in this area rather a few years ago. So, I want to know, right now, from the very first step again, which tasks/features for the new compiler should implement first and which tasks has lower priority rather than others? For example, I'd say, first I'd go to decide about the object-oriented structure for the new language, but you might say, hey, just go for a compiler that could define a variable, when you finished that, then start thinking about OOP designs ... I prefer to hear the pros and cons for your suggestions also. Actually I like to start from Bottom to Top, where I could add simplest tasks first, and later adding more complex ones, but I'm totally open for any new ideas, and really appreciate that. Also please consider that I'm thinking about the design concepts. Actually I expect answers like: Priority from Highest to Lowest: variables, because .... functions, because .... loops, because .... ... Not: define a syntax for your new language, and start parsing your source code ...

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• Unwanted Chinese language got set in system settings

  - by Registered User

  I was discussing on the Ubuntu users list how to type in in Hindi (Indic language) in Libre Office and about a package installation problem. I have made some changes in system settings, following suggestions by some users. However, this morning when I did a reboot I am unable to see English as my default language. My system is showing some Chinese characters which I do not understand. All I wanted was to use Libre Office for a particular document in Hindi. What happened is that even Gmail is opening in Chinese. The system settings folder and others are also opening in Chinese. I am unable to use the system now. I have uploaded the snapshots here: please have a look. Upon a reboot, I was asked to rename all folders. Gmail opening in Chinese This is how menu on my system looks: half English and half Chinese Notice that in the third snapshot the calendar and menu are appearing in Chinese. I want the original US English menus and folder names back. I just wanted to type a document with Lohit Hindi font in Libre Office. I use Ubuntu 11.10. I do not use Unity, only Gnome desktop. I installed gnome-session-fallback a long time back and have been using that ever since. How do I get back to all English submenus and English folder names? I have a US English Keyboard and I use only US English. This thing which is now somehow set is unwanted.

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• Is there a good example of the difference between practice and theory?

  - by a_person

  There has been a lot of posters advising that the best way to retain knowledge is to apply it practically. After ignoring said advice for several years in a futile attempt to accumulate enough theoretical knowledge to be prepared for every possible case scenario, the process which lead me to assembling a library that's easily worth ~6K, I finally get it. I would like to share my story in the hopes that others will avoid taking the same route that was taken by me. I've selected graphical format (photos with caption to be exact) as my media. Help me with your ideas, maybe a fragment of code, or other imagery that would convey a message of the inherent difference between practice and theory.

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• Implement a simple class in your favorite language.

  - by Oscar Reyes

  I'm doing this to learn syntax of different programming languages. So, how would you defined the following class along with with it's operations in your favorite programming language? Image generated by http://yuml.me/ And a main method or equivalent to invoke it: For instance, for Java it would be: ... public static void main( String [] args ) { Fraction f = new Fraction(); f.numerator( 2 ); f.denominator( 5 ); f.print(); } ....

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• Natural language processing - Ideas for beginner's projects

  - by Microkernel

  Hi guys, I am a beginner in NLP and NLTK. I am very interested in NLP and hence joined a weekend course on AI in some local institution, which requires me to do a project for completion of the course, and I decided to do it in NLP. The problem is,the instructor is not good at all for this course (According to me she is just a charlatan) (or may not be very interested in teaching as this is her last batch here after which the institute is going to send her out). So I am stuck in a situation where where I got to finish this project in a month to one and half months period, but as a naive person in the field I am feeling it very difficult to comprehend the things required to decide on project. (Also, as I am working full time, I am not finding enough time to dedicate on this). I considered using NLTK toolkit in python for the project for following reasons. (1) Python is famous for ease of use, rapid prototyping and very active community (considering very short span of time I have, and as I am a C programmer by profession, I need a language that I can learn fast and is simple to use). (2) NLTk has good review, and extensive documentation and a very active community. So the problem is what project should I take up, so that I can learn something and will be able to finish project in time. (I know almost nothing in NLP, don't even know what exactly corpora is... :( ) So, please suggest me some topics that I should consider for the project. Regards, MicroKernel :)

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• Data validation best practices: how can I better construct user feedback?

  - by Cory Larson

  Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user. I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative. I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response. Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are: Content Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected? How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?) Grammar How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"? Delivery This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user? Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly? Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)? Logging Do you bother logging validation errors? Internationalization Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users? I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc. I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like. I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me.

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