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  • IOS Paypal Phonegap Plugin errors

    - by Paul
    I'm trying to implement the Paypal Plugin for Phonegap (Iphone) - (https://github.com/phonegap/phonegap-plugins/tree/master/iPhone/PayPalPlugin). I've followed all the instructions but I get thefollowing error on build from the SAIOSPaypalPlugin.h file - Lexical or Preprocessor issue - PGPlugin.h not found I'm using latest Cordova version freshly downloaded from Phonegap site just weeks ago, so I'm not sure whats missing?

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  • Delphi Speech recognition delphi

    - by XBasic3000
    I need create a programatic equivalent using delphi language... or could someone post a link on how to do grammars in peech recogniton using the delphi. sorry for my english... XML Grammar Sample(s): <GRAMMAR> <!-- Create a simple "hello world" rule --> <RULE NAME="HelloWorld" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <P>hello world</P> </RULE> <!-- Create a more advanced "hello world" rule that changes the display form. When the user says "hello world" the display text will be "Hiya there!" --> <RULE NAME="HelloWorld_Disp" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <P DISP="Hiya there!">hello world</P> </RULE> <!-- Create a rule that changes the pronunciation and the display form of the phrase. When the user says "eh" the display text will be "I don't understand?". Note the user didn't say "huh". The pronunciation for "what" is specific to this phrase tag and is not changed for the user or application lexicon, or even other instances of "what" in the grammar --> <RULE NAME="Question_Pron" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <P DISP="I don't understand" PRON="eh">what</P> </RULE> <!-- Create a rule demonstrating repetition --> <!-- the rule will only be recognized if the user says "hey diddle diddle" --> <RULE NAME="NurseryRhyme" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <P>hey</P> <P MIN="2" MAX="2">diddle</P> </RULE> <!-- Create a list with variable phrase weights --> <!-- If the user says similar phrases, the recognizer will use the weights to pick a match --> <RULE NAME="UseWeights" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <LIST> <!-- Note the higher likelihood that the user is expected to say "recognizer speech" --> <P WEIGHT=".95">recognize speech</P> <P WEIGHT=".05">wreck a nice beach</P> </LIST> </RULE> <!-- Create a phrase with an attached semantic property --> <!-- Speaking "one two three" will return three different unique semantic properties, with different names, and different values --> <RULE NAME="UseProps" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <!-- named property, without value --> <P PROPNAME="NOVALUE">one</P> <!-- named property, with numeric value --> <P PROPNAME="NUMBER" VAL="2">two</P> <!-- named property, with string value --> <P PROPNAME="STRING" VALSTR="three">three</P> </RULE> </GRAMMAR> **Programmatic Equivalent:** To add a phrase to a rule, SAPI provides an API called ISpGrammarBuilder::AddWordTransition. The application developer can add the sentences as follows: SPSTATEHANDLE hsHelloWorld; // Create new top-level rule called "HelloWorld" hr = cpRecoGrammar->GetRule(L"HelloWorld", NULL, SPRAF_TopLevel | SPRAF_Active, TRUE, &hsHelloWorld); // Check hr // Add the command words "hello world" // Note that the lexical delimiter is " ", a space character. // By using a space delimiter, the entire phrase can be added // in one method call hr = cpRecoGrammar->AddWordTransition(hsHelloWorld, NULL, L"hello world", L" ", SPWT_LEXICAL, NULL, NULL); // Check hr // Add the command words "hiya there" // Note that the lexical delimiter is "|", a pipe character. // By using a pipe delimiter, the entire phrase can be added // in one method call hr = cpRecoGrammar->AddWordTransition(hsHelloWorld, NULL, L"hiya|there", L"|", SPWT_LEXICAL, NULL, NULL); // Check hr // save/commit changes hr = cpRecoGrammar->Commit(NULL); // Check hr

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  • Language parsing to find important words

    - by Matt Huggins
    I'm looking for some input and theory on how to approach a lexical topic. Let's say I have a collection of strings, which may just be one sentence or potentially multiple sentences. I'd like to parse these strings to and rip out the most important words, perhaps with a score that denotes how likely the word is to be important. Let's look at a few examples of what I mean. Example #1: "I really want a Keurig, but I can't afford one!" This is a very basic example, just one sentence. As a human, I can easily see that "Keurig" is the most important word here. Also, "afford" is relatively important, though it's clearly not the primary point of the sentence. The word "I" appears twice, but it is not important at all since it doesn't really tell us any information. I might expect to see a hash of word/scores something like this: "Keurig" => 0.9 "afford" => 0.4 "want" => 0.2 "really" => 0.1 etc... Example #2: "Just had one of the best swimming practices of my life. Hopefully I can maintain my times come the competition. If only I had remembered to take of my non-waterproof watch." This example has multiple sentences, so there will be more important words throughout. Without repeating the point exercise from example #1, I would probably expect to see two or three really important words come out of this: "swimming" (or "swimming practice"), "competition", & "watch" (or "waterproof watch" or "non-waterproof watch" depending on how the hyphen is handled). Given a couple examples like this, how would you go about doing something similar? Are there any existing (open source) libraries or algorithms in programming that already do this?

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  • How do I create my own programming language and a compiler for it

    - by Dave
    I am thorough with programming and have come across languages including BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, LISP, LOGO, Java, C++, C, MATLAB, Mathematica, Python, Ruby, Perl, JavaScript, Assembly and so on. I can't understand how people create programming languages and devise compilers for it. I also couldn't understand how people create OS like Windows, Mac, UNIX, DOS and so on. The other thing that is mysterious to me is how people create libraries like OpenGL, OpenCL, OpenCV, Cocoa, MFC and so on. The last thing I am unable to figure out is how scientists devise an assembly language and an assembler for a microprocessor. I would really like to learn all of these stuff and I am 15 years old. I always wanted to be a computer scientist someone like Babbage, Turing, Shannon, or Dennis Ritchie. I have already read Aho's Compiler Design and Tanenbaum's OS concepts book and they all only discuss concepts and code in a high level. They don't go into the details and nuances and how to devise a compiler or operating system. I want a concrete understanding so that I can create one myself and not just an understanding of what a thread, semaphore, process, or parsing is. I asked my brother about all this. He is a SB student in EECS at MIT and hasn't got a clue of how to actually create all these stuff in the real world. All he knows is just an understanding of Compiler Design and OS concepts like the ones that you guys have mentioned (i.e. like Thread, Synchronization, Concurrency, memory management, Lexical Analysis, Intermediate code generation and so on)

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  • The most mind-bending programming language?

    - by Xepoch
    From a reasonably common programming language, which do you find to be the most mind-bending? I have been listening to a lot of programming podcasts and taking some time to learn some new languages that are being considered upcoming, and important. I'm not necessarily talking about BrainFuck, but which language would you consider to be one that challenges the common programming paradigms? For me, I did some functional and logic (ex. Prolog) programming in the 90s, so can't say that I find anything special there. I am far from being an expert in it, but even today the most mind-bending programming language for me is Perl. Not because "Hello World" is hard to implement but rather there is so much lexical flexibility that some of the hardest solutions can be decomposed so poetically that I have to walk outside away from my terminal to clear my head. I'm not saying I'd likely sell a commercial software implementation, just that there is a distinct reason Perl is so (in)famous. Just look at the basic list of books on it. So, what is your mind-bending language that promotes your better programming and practices?

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  • The most mind-bending programming language? [closed]

    - by Xepoch
    From a reasonably common programming language, which do you find to be the most mind-bending? I have been listening to a lot of programming podcasts and taking some time to learn some new languages that are being considered upcoming, and important. I'm not necessarily talking about BrainFuck, but which language would you consider to be one that challenges the common programming paradigms? For me, I did some functional and logic (ex. Prolog) programming in the 90s, so can't say that I find anything special there. I am far from being an expert in it, but even today the most mind-bending programming language for me is Perl. Not because "Hello World" is hard to implement but rather there is so much lexical flexibility that some of the hardest solutions can be decomposed so poetically that I have to walk outside away from my terminal to clear my head. I'm not saying I'd likely sell a commercial software implementation, just that there is a distinct reason Perl is so (in)famous. Just look at the basic list of books on it. So, what is your mind-bending language that promotes your better programming and practices?

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  • How do I create my own programming language and a compiler for it

    - by Dave
    I am thorough with programming and have come across languages including BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, LISP, LOGO, Java, C++, C, MATLAB, Mathematica, Python, Ruby, Perl, Javascript, Assembly and so on. I can't understand how people create programming languages and devise compilers for it. I also couldn't understand how people create OS like Windows, Mac, UNIX, DOS and so on. The other thing that is mysterious to me is how people create libraries like OpenGL, OpenCL, OpenCV, Cocoa, MFC and so on. The last thing I am unable to figure out is how scientists devise an assembly language and an assembler for a microprocessor. I would really like to learn all of these stuff and I am 15 years old. I always wanted to be a computer scientist some one like Babbage, Turing, Shannon, or Dennis Ritchie. I have already read Aho's Compiler Design and Tanenbaum's OS concepts book and they all only discuss concepts and code in a high level. They don't go into the details and nuances and how to devise a compiler or operating system. I want a concrete understanding so that I can create one myself and not just an understanding of what a thread, semaphore, process, or parsing is. I asked my brother about all this. He is a SB student in EECS at MIT and hasn't got a clue of how to actually create all these stuff in the real world. All he knows is just an understanding of Compiler Design and OS concepts like the ones that you guys have mentioned (ie like Thread, Synchronisation, Concurrency, memory management, Lexical Analysis, Intermediate code generation and so on)

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  • 12c - Utl_Call_Stack...

    - by noreply(at)blogger.com (Thomas Kyte)
    Over the next couple of months, I'll be writing about some cool new little features of Oracle Database 12c - things that might not make the front page of Oracle.com.  I'm going to start with a new package - UTL_CALL_STACK.In the past, developers have had access to three functions to try to figure out "where the heck am I in my code", they were:dbms_utility.format_call_stackdbms_utility.format_error_backtracedbms_utility.format_error_stackNow these routines, while useful, were of somewhat limited use.  Let's look at the format_call_stack routine for a reason why.  Here is a procedure that will just print out the current call stack for us:ops$tkyte%ORA12CR1> create or replace  2  procedure Print_Call_Stack  3  is  4  begin  5    DBMS_Output.Put_Line(DBMS_Utility.Format_Call_Stack());  6  end;  7  /Procedure created.Now, if we have a package - with nested functions and even duplicated function names:ops$tkyte%ORA12CR1> create or replace  2  package body Pkg is  3    procedure p  4    is  5      procedure q  6      is  7        procedure r  8        is  9          procedure p is 10          begin 11            Print_Call_Stack(); 12            raise program_error; 13          end p; 14        begin 15          p(); 16        end r; 17      begin 18        r(); 19      end q; 20    begin 21      q(); 22    end p; 23  end Pkg; 24  /Package body created.When we execute the procedure PKG.P - we'll see as a result:ops$tkyte%ORA12CR1> exec pkg.p----- PL/SQL Call Stack -----  object      line  object  handle    number  name0x6e891528         4  procedure OPS$TKYTE.PRINT_CALL_STACK0x6ec4a7c0        10  package body OPS$TKYTE.PKG0x6ec4a7c0        14  package body OPS$TKYTE.PKG0x6ec4a7c0        17  package body OPS$TKYTE.PKG0x6ec4a7c0        20  package body OPS$TKYTE.PKG0x76439070         1  anonymous blockBEGIN pkg.p; END;*ERROR at line 1:ORA-06501: PL/SQL: program errorORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.PKG", line 11ORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.PKG", line 14ORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.PKG", line 17ORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.PKG", line 20ORA-06512: at line 1The bit in red above is the output from format_call_stack whereas the bit in black is the error message returned to the client application (it would also be available to you via the format_error_backtrace API call). As you can see - it contains useful information but to use it you would need to parse it - and that can be trickier than it seems.  The format of those strings is not set in stone, they have changed over the years (I wrote the "who_am_i", "who_called_me" functions, I did that by parsing these strings - trust me, they change over time!).Starting in 12c - we'll have structured access to the call stack and a series of API calls to interrogate this structure.  I'm going to rewrite the print_call_stack function as follows:ops$tkyte%ORA12CR1> create or replace 2  procedure Print_Call_Stack  3  as  4    Depth pls_integer := UTL_Call_Stack.Dynamic_Depth();  5    6    procedure headers  7    is  8    begin  9        dbms_output.put_line( 'Lexical   Depth   Line    Name' ); 10        dbms_output.put_line( 'Depth             Number      ' ); 11        dbms_output.put_line( '-------   -----   ----    ----' ); 12    end headers; 13    procedure print 14    is 15    begin 16        headers; 17        for j in reverse 1..Depth loop 18          DBMS_Output.Put_Line( 19            rpad( utl_call_stack.lexical_depth(j), 10 ) || 20                    rpad( j, 7) || 21            rpad( To_Char(UTL_Call_Stack.Unit_Line(j), '99'), 9 ) || 22            UTL_Call_Stack.Concatenate_Subprogram 23                       (UTL_Call_Stack.Subprogram(j))); 24        end loop; 25    end; 26  begin 27    print; 28  end; 29  /Here we are able to figure out what 'depth' we are in the code (utl_call_stack.dynamic_depth) and then walk up the stack using a loop.  We will print out the lexical_depth, along with the line number within the unit we were executing plus - the unit name.  And not just any unit name, but the fully qualified, all of the way down to the subprogram name within a package.  Not only that - but down to the subprogram name within a subprogram name within a subprogram name.  For example - running the PKG.P procedure again results in:ops$tkyte%ORA12CR1> exec pkg.pLexical   Depth   Line    NameDepth             Number-------   -----   ----    ----1         6       20      PKG.P2         5       17      PKG.P.Q3         4       14      PKG.P.Q.R4         3       10      PKG.P.Q.R.P0         2       26      PRINT_CALL_STACK1         1       17      PRINT_CALL_STACK.PRINTBEGIN pkg.p; END;*ERROR at line 1:ORA-06501: PL/SQL: program errorORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.PKG", line 11ORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.PKG", line 14ORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.PKG", line 17ORA-06512: at "OPS$TKYTE.PKG", line 20ORA-06512: at line 1This time - we get much more than just a line number and a package name as we did previously with format_call_stack.  We not only got the line number and package (unit) name - we got the names of the subprograms - we can see that P called Q called R called P as nested subprograms.  Also note that we can see a 'truer' calling level with the lexical depth, we can see we "stepped" out of the package to call print_call_stack and that in turn called another nested subprogram.This new package will be a nice addition to everyone's error logging packages.  Of course there are other functions in there to get owner names, the edition in effect when the code was executed and more. See UTL_CALL_STACK for all of the details.

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  • How to do a timestamp comparison with JPA query?

    - by Robert
    We need to make sure only results within the last 30 days are returned for a JPQL query. An example follows: Date now = new Date(); Timestamp thirtyDaysAgo = new Timestamp(now.getTime() - 86400000*30); Query query = em.createQuery( "SELECT msg FROM Message msg "+ "WHERE msg.targetTime < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AND msg.targetTime > {ts, '"+thirtyDaysAgo+"'}"); List result = query.getResultList(); Here is the error we receive: <openjpa-1.2.3-SNAPSHOT-r422266:907835 nonfatal user error org.apache.openjpa.persistence.ArgumentException: An error occurred while parsing the query filter 'SELECT msg FROM BroadcastMessage msg WHERE msg.targetTime < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AND msg.targetTime {ts, '2010-04-18 04:15:37.827'}'. Error message: org.apache.openjpa.kernel.jpql.TokenMgrError: Lexical error at line 1, column 217. Encountered: "{" (123), after : "" Help!

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  • SAPI Speech recognition delphi

    - by XBasic3000
    I need create a programatic equivalent using delphi language... or could someone post a link on how to do grammars in peech recogniton using the delphi. sorry for my english... **Programmatic Equivalent C#:** Ref: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms723634(v=VS.85).aspx To add a phrase to a rule, SAPI provides an API called ISpGrammarBuilder::AddWordTransition. The application developer can add the sentences as follows: SPSTATEHANDLE hsHelloWorld; // Create new top-level rule called "HelloWorld" hr = cpRecoGrammar->GetRule(L"HelloWorld", NULL, SPRAF_TopLevel | SPRAF_Active, TRUE, &hsHelloWorld); // Check hr // Add the command words "hello world" // Note that the lexical delimiter is " ", a space character. // By using a space delimiter, the entire phrase can be added // in one method call hr = cpRecoGrammar->AddWordTransition(hsHelloWorld, NULL, L"hello world", L" ", SPWT_LEXICAL, NULL, NULL); // Check hr // Add the command words "hiya there" // Note that the lexical delimiter is "|", a pipe character. // By using a pipe delimiter, the entire phrase can be added // in one method call hr = cpRecoGrammar->AddWordTransition(hsHelloWorld, NULL, L"hiya|there", L"|", SPWT_LEXICAL, NULL, NULL); // Check hr // save/commit changes hr = cpRecoGrammar->Commit(NULL); // Check hr XML Grammar Sample(s): <GRAMMAR> <!-- Create a simple "hello world" rule --> <RULE NAME="HelloWorld" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <P>hello world</P> </RULE> <!-- Create a more advanced "hello world" rule that changes the display form. When the user says "hello world" the display text will be "Hiya there!" --> <RULE NAME="HelloWorld_Disp" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <P DISP="Hiya there!">hello world</P> </RULE> <!-- Create a rule that changes the pronunciation and the display form of the phrase. When the user says "eh" the display text will be "I don't understand?". Note the user didn't say "huh". The pronunciation for "what" is specific to this phrase tag and is not changed for the user or application lexicon, or even other instances of "what" in the grammar --> <RULE NAME="Question_Pron" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <P DISP="I don't understand" PRON="eh">what</P> </RULE> <!-- Create a rule demonstrating repetition --> <!-- the rule will only be recognized if the user says "hey diddle diddle" --> <RULE NAME="NurseryRhyme" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <P>hey</P> <P MIN="2" MAX="2">diddle</P> </RULE> <!-- Create a list with variable phrase weights --> <!-- If the user says similar phrases, the recognizer will use the weights to pick a match --> <RULE NAME="UseWeights" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <LIST> <!-- Note the higher likelihood that the user is expected to say "recognizer speech" --> <P WEIGHT=".95">recognize speech</P> <P WEIGHT=".05">wreck a nice beach</P> </LIST> </RULE> <!-- Create a phrase with an attached semantic property --> <!-- Speaking "one two three" will return three different unique semantic properties, with different names, and different values --> <RULE NAME="UseProps" TOPLEVEL="ACTIVE"> <!-- named property, without value --> <P PROPNAME="NOVALUE">one</P> <!-- named property, with numeric value --> <P PROPNAME="NUMBER" VAL="2">two</P> <!-- named property, with string value --> <P PROPNAME="STRING" VALSTR="three">three</P> </RULE> </GRAMMAR>

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  • What's the best way to explain parsing to a new programmer?

    - by Daisetsu
    I am a college student getting my Computer Science degree. A lot of my fellow students really haven't done a lot of programming. They've done their class assignments, but let's be honest here those questions don't really teach you how to program. I have had several other students ask me questions about how to parse things, and I'm never quite sure how to explain it to them. Is it best to start just going line by line looking for substrings, or just give them the more complicated lecture about using proper lexical analysis, etc. to create tokens, use BNF, and all of that other stuff? They never quite understand it when I try to explain it. What's the best approach to explain this without confusing them or discouraging them from actually trying.

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  • Adding a sortcomparefunction to Dynamic Data Grid in flex

    - by Tom
    Hi, I am trying to create a dynamic datagrid in Flex 3, I have a list of columns a list of objects which correspond to datapoints for those columns which I fetch from a url. While the grid works perfectly fine the problem is that sorting on the columns is done in lexical order. I am aware that this can be fixed by adding a sortcomparefunction to a column, which is not easy for this case. I have tried doing var dgc:DataGridColumn = new DataGridColumn(dtf); f1[dtf] = function(obj1:Object, obj2:Object):int { return Comparators.sortNumeric(obj1[dtf],obj2[dtf]); }; dgc.sortCompareFunction = f1[dtf];` But the problem is that the function object that I am creating here is being overwritten in every iteration (as I am adding columns) and eventually all the columns will have sorting done only on the last column added. Suggestions please.

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  • How do I define functions using PLT Scheme macros?

    - by nickname
    I am trying to write a macro that defines a special class of data structure with associated functions. I know this is possible; it is done multiple times in the core language itself. As a specific example, how would I define the define-struct macro in Scheme itself. It needs to create make-struct, struct-<<field>>, etc functions. I tried doing this using define, however, this only defines the function in the macro's lexical scope. How can I actually define a function in a macro?

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  • How to sift idioms and set phrases apart from other common phrases using NLP techniques?

    - by hippietrail
    What techniques exist that can tell the difference betwen plain common phrases such as "to the", "and the" and set phrases and idioms which have their own lexical meanings such as "pick up", "fall in love", "red herring", "dead end"? Are there techniques which are successful even without a dictionary, statistical methods HMMs train on large corpora for instance? Or are there heuristics such as ignoring or weighting down "promiscuous" words which can co-occur with just about any word versus words which occur either alone or in a specific limited set of idiomatic phrases? If there are such heuristics, how do we take into account set phrases and verbal phrases which do incorporate promiscuous words such as "up" in "beat up", "eat up", "sit up", "think up"? UPDATE I've found an interesting paper online: Unsupervised Type and Token Identi?cation of Idiomatic Expressions

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  • How do I read input character-by-character in Java?

    - by Jergason
    I am used to the c-style getchar(), but it seems like there is nothing comparable for java. I am building a lexical analyzer, and I need to read in the input character by character. I know I can use the scanner to scan in a token or line and parse through the token char-by-char, but that seems unwieldy for strings spanning multiple lines. Is there a way to just get the next character from the input buffer in Java, or should I just plug away with the Scanner class? Edit: forgot to say where the input is coming from. The input is a file, not the keyboard.

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  • Sorting tab delimited text file based on multiple columns in natural way [duplicate]

    - by Vignesh
    This question already has an answer here: Sorting a column of CSV file resulting in 1123 appearing before 232 1 answer I am trying to sort a file based on all two columns Eg: chr19 1070019 1070020 chr16 869712 869713 chr1 1378131 1378132 chr12 189386 189387 chr4 254941 254942 chr16 1476500 1476501 chr2 1476810 1476811 chr19 313283 313284 chr17 595817 595818 chr18 656897 656898 chr19 1061829 1061830 I Tried sort -t $\t -k1,1 2,2 <filename> but doesn't work. I want the output to be sorted by first column and second column based on first column. I want to do a natural sort. Not lexical sorting. Eg: chr1 1378131 1378132 chr2 1476810 1476811 chr4 254941 254942 chr12 189386 189387 chr16 869712 869713 chr16 1476500 1476501 chr17 595817 595818 chr18 656897 656898 chr19 313283 313284 chr19 1061829 1061830 chr19 1070019 1070020 Anyone any idea?

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  • habtm multiple times with the same model

    - by Ermin
    I am trying to model a publications. A publication can have multiple authors and editors. Since it is possible that one person is an author of one publication and an editor of another, no separate models for Authors and Editors: class Publication < ActiveRecord::Base has_and_belongs_to_many :authors, :class_name=>'Person' has_and_belongs_to_many :editors, :class_name=>'Person' end The above code doesn't work, because it uses the same join table. Now I now that I can specify the name of the join table, but there is a warning in the API documentation is a warning about that which I don't understand: :join_table: Specify the name of the join table if the default based on lexical order isn’t what you want. WARNING: If you’re overwriting the table name of either class, the table_name method MUST be declared underneath any has_and_belongs_to_many declaration in order to work.

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  • What's a good book for learning BCPL?

    - by paxdiablo
    A long time ago, I worked on some BCPL code (very similar to C although even more basic, difficult though that is to imagine). Now, as part of a compiler course, we're going to be setting assignments for building some of the parts of the compiler (lexical and semantic analysis) and I'd like to know what the community thinks is the best book for learning about the language (and concrete why you think it's the best). Not how to write compilers for it, just on how to program in it. It'll be up to the students themselves to figure out how best to develop a compiler. We're using BCPL since the chance of people being able to plagiarise code for a compiler is very slim. Any suggestions?

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  • Programming Quiz [closed]

    - by arin-s-rizk
    Hi one of my mates sent me this quiz see if you can guess the answers I will post mine later. In this quiz, some tasks related to the compilation process are listed. For each one of them, specify the part of the compiler that is responsible of performing it. Here are the possible answers: Lexical analyzer Parser Semantic analyzer None of the above Just fill the right choice (the number only) in the blank after each task: Checking that the parentheses in an expression are balanced _ _ _ _ _ Removing comments from the program _ _ _ _ _ Grouping input characters into "tokens" _ _ _ _ _ Reporting an error to the programmer about a missing (;) at the end of a C++ statement _ _ _ _ _ Checking if the type of the RHS (Right-Hand Side) of an assignment (=) is compatible with the LHS (Left-Hand Side) variable _ _ _ _ _ Converting the (AST) Abstract Syntax Tree into machine language _ _ _ _ _ Reporting an error about a strange character like '^' in a C++ program _ _ _ _ _ Optimizing the AST _ _ _ _ _

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  • Xcode OpenGL Build Error (header file not found)

    - by Strix Nebulosa
    When building my Objective-C project (for Mac OS 10.9, Xcode 5.11), I get the error message Lexical or Preprocessor Issue 'OpenGL/OpenGL.h' file not found. The error is caused by the include section of the file CVDisplayLink.h where the above named file is included. CVDisplayLink.h belongs to the framework CoreVideo. Now there are two strange points related to that issue: The error appeared after I tried to test some basic OpenGL features using the tutorial in the Mac Developer Library ( https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/GraphicsImaging/Conceptual/OpenGL-MacProgGuide/opengl_drawing/opengl_drawing.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001987-CH404-SW8 ). I added an NSOpenGLView to my MainMenu as well as the related code given in the tutorial. Then the error message appeared. I also tried to add the OpenGL and CoreVideo frameworks to my project target, but this did not help. After some frustration, I removed the NSOpenGLView from my project, as well as all related code. Now the error Message still appeares and I have no Idea how to ged rid of it.

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  • How can a solo programmer become a good team player?

    - by Nick
    I've been programming (obsessively) since I was 12. I am fairly knowledgeable across the spectrum of languages out there, from assembly, to C++, to Javascript, to Haskell, Lisp, and Qi. But all of my projects have been by myself. I got my degree in chemical engineering, not CS or computer engineering, but for the first time this fall I'll be working on a large programming project with other people, and I have no clue how to prepare. I've been using Windows all of my life, but this project is going to be very unix-y, so I purchased a Mac recently in the hopes of familiarizing myself with the environment. I was fortunate to participate in a hackathon with some friends this past year -- both CS majors -- and excitingly enough, we won. But I realized as I worked with them that their workflow was very different from mine. They used Git for version control. I had never used it at the time, but I've since learned all that I can about it. They also used a lot of frameworks and libraries. I had to learn what Rails was pretty much overnight for the hackathon (on the other hand, they didn't know what lexical scoping or closures were). All of our code worked well, but they didn't understand mine, and I didn't understand theirs. I hear references to things that real programmers do on a daily basis -- unit testing, code reviews, but I only have the vaguest sense of what these are. I normally don't have many bugs in my little projects, so I have never needed a bug tracking system or tests for them. And the last thing is that it takes me a long time to understand other people's code. Variable naming conventions (that vary with each new language) are difficult (__mzkwpSomRidicAbbrev), and I find the loose coupling difficult. That's not to say I don't loosely couple things -- I think I'm quite good at it for my own work, but when I download something like the Linux kernel or the Chromium source code to look at it, I spend hours trying to figure out how all of these oddly named directories and files connect. It's a programming sin to reinvent the wheel, but I often find it's just quicker to write up the functionality myself than to spend hours dissecting some library. Obviously, people who do this for a living don't have these problems, and I'll need to get to that point myself. Question: What are some steps that I can take to begin "integrating" with everyone else? Thanks!

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  • How to become a good team player?

    - by Nick
    I've been programming (obsessively) since I was 12. I am fairly knowledgeable across the spectrum of languages out there, from assembly, to C++, to Javascript, to Haskell, Lisp, and Qi. But all of my projects have been by myself. I got my degree in chemical engineering, not CS or computer engineering, but for the first time this fall I'll be working on a large programming project with other people, and I have no clue how to prepare. I've been using Windows all of my life, but this project is going to be very unix-y, so I purchased a Mac recently in the hopes of familiarizing myself with the environment. I was fortunate to participate in a hackathon with some friends this past year -- both CS majors -- and excitingly enough, we won. But I realized as I worked with them that their workflow was very different from mine. They used Git for version control. I had never used it at the time, but I've since learned all that I can about it. They also used a lot of frameworks and libraries. I had to learn what Rails was pretty much overnight for the hackathon (on the other hand, they didn't know what lexical scoping or closures were). All of our code worked well, but they didn't understand mine, and I didn't understand theirs. I hear references to things that real programmers do on a daily basis -- unit testing, code reviews, but I only have the vaguest sense of what these are. I normally don't have many bugs in my little projects, so I have never needed a bug tracking system or tests for them. And the last thing is that it takes me a long time to understand other people's code. Variable naming conventions (that vary with each new language) are difficult (__mzkwpSomRidicAbbrev), and I find the loose coupling difficult. That's not to say I don't loosely couple things -- I think I'm quite good at it for my own work, but when I download something like the Linux kernel or the Chromium source code to look at it, I spend hours trying to figure out how all of these oddly named directories and files connect. It's a programming sin to reinvent the wheel, but I often find it's just quicker to write up the functionality myself than to spend hours dissecting some library. Obviously, people who do this for a living don't have these problems, and I'll need to get to that point myself. Question: What are some steps that I can take to begin "integrating" with everyone else? Thanks!

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  • identation control while developing a small python like language

    - by sap
    Hello, Im developing a small python like language using flex, byacc (for lexical and parsing) and C++, but i have a few questions regarding scope control. just as python it uses white spaces (or tabs) for identation, not only that but i want to implement index breaking like for instance if you type "break 2" inside a while loop thats inside another while loop it would not only break from the last one but from the first loop as well (hence the number 2 after break) and so on. example: while 1 while 1 break 2 end end #after break 2 it would jump right here but since i dont have an "anti" tab character to check when a scope ends (like C for example i would just use the '}' char) i was wondering if this method would the the best: i would define a global variable, like "int tabIndex" on my yacc file that i would access in my lex file using extern. then everytime i find a tab character on my lex file i would increment that variable by 1. when parsing on my yacc file if i find a "break" keyword i would decrement by the amount typed after it from the tabIndex variable, and when i reach and EOF after compiling and i get a tabIndex != 0 i would output compilation error. now the problem is, whats the best way to see if the identation got reduced, should i read \b (backspace) chars from lex and then reduce the tabIndex variable (when the user doesnt use break)? another method to achieve this? also just another small question, i want every executable to have its starting point on the function called start() should i hardcode this onto my yacc file? sorry for the long question any help is greatly appretiated. also if someone can provide an yacc file for python would be nice as a guideline (tried looking on google and had no luck). thanks in advance.

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  • Natural language grammar and user-entered names

    - by Owen Blacker
    Some languages, particularly Slavic languages, change the endings of people's names according to the grammatical context. (For those of you who know grammar or studied languages that do this to words, such as German or Russian, and to help with search keywords, I'm talking about noun declension.) This is probably easiest with a set of examples (in Polish, to save the whole different-alphabet problem): Dorothy saw the cat — Dorota zobaczyla kota The cat saw Dorothy — Kot zobaczyl Dorote It is Dorothy’s cat — To jest kot Doroty I gave the cat to Dorothy — Dalam kota Dorotie I went for a walk with Dorothy — Poszlam na spacer z Dorota “Hello, Dorothy!” — “Witam, Doroto!” Now, if, in these examples, the name here were to be user-entered, that introduces a world of grammar nightmares. Importantly, if I went for Katie (Kasia), the examples are not directly comparable — 3 and 4 are both Kasi, rather than *Kasy and *Kasie — and male names will be wholly different again. I'm guessing someone has dealt with this situation before, but my Google-fu appears to be weak today. I can find a lot of links about natural-language processing, but I don'think that's quite what I want. To be clear: I'm only ever gonna have one user-entered name per user and I'm gonna need to decline them into known configurations — I'll have a localised text that will have placeholders something like {name nominative} and {name dative}, for the sake of argument. I really don't want to have to do lexical analysis of text to work stuff out, I'll only ever need to decline that one user-entered name. Anyone have any recommendations on how to do this, or do I need to start calling round localisation agencies ;o) Further reading (all on Wikipedia) for the interested: Declension Grammatical case Declension in Polish Declension in Russian Declension in Czech nouns and pronouns Disclaimer: I know this happens in many other languages; highlighting Slavic languages is merely because I have a project that is going to be localised into some Slavic languages.

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