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Search found 537 results on 22 pages for 'nicholas law'.

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  • How to make a license apply to a whole library?

    - by Yannbane
    I'm creating a standard library for a programming language, and I'd like to license each and every single class or function in there under the MIT license, so they're completely FOSS. All of the files reside in a single directory. Would it be enough to put a LICENSE.txt file in the same directory, containing the MIT license? Do I need to say that the following license applies to all features of the library, or is the library itself considered to be a program?

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  • Software license restricting commercial usage like CC BY-NC-SA

    - by Nick
    I want to distribute my software under license like Creative Commons Attribution - Non commercial - Share Alike license, i.e. Redistribution of source code and binaries is freely. Modified version of program have to be distributed under the same license. Attribution to original project should be supplied to. Restrict any kind of commercial usage. However CC does not recommend to use their licenses for software. Is there this kind of software license I could apply? Better if public license, but as far as I know US laws says that only EULA could restrict usage of received copy?

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  • Website inheritance of ownership question

    - by Adrian Denham
    I paid for a web site for my motel business, then due to my landlord actions I was placed in a position to file for bankrupcy. I asked my IT manager and web developer to close down the web site for the business. He has since then sold my web site to the new owners. I took all the photos myself and I am in at least 4 of the photos on the site. There are no changes to the site as I left it and it now states that it is under the copyright on the new owners? I am not sure what I should do as this happen 10 months ago and I have just found this out. Thank you for your help, I am in Australia.

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  • Can software company claim the intellectual property rights on my paintings?

    - by maksymko
    This is somewhat related to this question. I'm about to sign a contract with a company that this sort of "all your base are belong to us" clause in it: it says that all programs, designs, sketches, drawings I create in relation to my job belong to the company. More or less usual stuff (unfortunately). What worries me, however, is this "drawings, sketches" thing, because I'm a hobby-artist and I paint and draw at my spare time. Can the company somehow claim ownership of intellectual rights on this work? Should I ask them to explicitly state that this clause does not extend to work of art or is this "in relation to the job" part is good enough?

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  • Photos - do I really need to look for the author and ask his permission when posting them on my site?

    - by user6456
    When I find a photo somewhere on the internet, without any explicit information of whether I can re-publish it on my own website, without any hint of who is the owner/author of that photo, can I still do it? I'm puzzled here cause I've seen like millions of websites, often very big, that repost photos, most probably found via google and it's VERY unlikely they bothered to look for and contact the author of that photos. Is every one of that sites likely to be sued at any moment? What about the case of forums and content provided by users - there is virtually no way of prevention here.

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  • How to offer a cookie opt in/out to users?

    - by Darkcat Studios
    I intend to use google analyticts, and as I understand it I will need to offer users the option to opt out of cookies. The question is this: I HATE these constant cookie option boxes, everyone I ask it getting annoyed by them too. Its nice to have the option, but we all know they have been in use for well over a decade. So - how big of a deal do I have to make about the fact that I'm using GoogleAn? can I pop a small link at the bottom of the page, maybe integrate it into "Privacy policies" page, and give people the option to opt out there? This would be very much the "Assume the majority of users don't mind, but at least make the option available" stance. Ironically setting a cookie seems to be the only way I can see to enforce the opt-out! as IP's change.

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  • Ethics and Law of modified LGPL code deployment in a commercial software

    - by dr. evil
    First bit of the question: What are the legal requirements of LGPL code during the deployment of a commercial product? Software package should include LGPL licence file Anything else? Shall we add a line to our "software agreement text" where you need to click next in the installer ? Second bit, Is there any known / accepted ways of distributing the changed library. Since it's LGPL anything derived from it should be licenced under LGPL. But what about after that? Shall we just send a copy to the original author? Shall we put it in our website so people can download? Or ship the source code with the product? Or just put a note that saying "e-mail us for the source code of this library".

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  • Is code like this a "train wreck" (in violation of Law of Demeter)?

    - by Michael Kjörling
    Browsing through some code I've written, I came across the following construct which got me thinking. At a first glance, it seems clean enough. Yes, in the actual code the getLocation() method has a slightly more specific name which better describes exactly which location it gets. service.setLocation(this.configuration.getLocation().toString()); In this case, service is an instance variable of a known type, declared within the method. this.configuration comes from being passed in to the class constructor, and is an instance of a class implementing a specific interface (which mandates a public getLocation() method). Hence, the return type of the expression this.configuration.getLocation() is known; specifically in this case, it is a java.net.URL, whereas service.setLocation() wants a String. Since the two types String and URL are not directly compatible, some sort of conversion is required to fit the square peg in the round hole. However, according to the Law of Demeter as cited in Clean Code, a method f in class C should only call methods on C, objects created by or passed as arguments to f, and objects held in instance variables of C. Anything beyond that (the final toString() in my particular case above, unless you consider a temporary object created as a result of the method invocation itself, in which case the whole Law seems to be moot) is disallowed. Is there a valid reasoning why a call like the above, given the constraints listed, should be discouraged or even disallowed? Or am I just being overly nitpicky? If I were to implement a method URLToString() which simply calls toString() on a URL object (such as that returned by getLocation()) passed to it as a parameter, and returns the result, I could wrap the getLocation() call in it to achieve exactly the same result; effectively, I would just move the conversion one step outward. Would that somehow make it acceptable? (It seems to me, intuitively, that it should not make any difference either way, since all that does is move things around a little. However, going by the letter of the Law of Demeter as cited, it would be acceptable, since I would then be operating directly on a parameter to a function.) Would it make any difference if this was about something slightly more exotic than calling toString() on a standard type? When answering, do keep in mind that altering the behavior or API of the type that the service variable is of is not practical. Also, for the sake of argument, let's say that altering the return type of getLocation() is also impractical.

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  • An Alphabet of Eponymous Aphorisms, Programming Paradigms, Software Sayings, Annoying Alliteration

    - by Brian Schroer
    Malcolm Anderson blogged about “Einstein’s Razor” yesterday, which reminded me of my favorite software development “law”, the name of which I can never remember. It took much Wikipedia-ing to find it (Hofstadter’s Law – see below), but along the way I compiled the following list: Amara’s Law: We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run. Brook’s Law: Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later. Clarke’s Third Law: Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Law of Demeter: Each unit should only talk to its friends; don't talk to strangers. Einstein’s Razor: “Make things as simple as possible, but not simpler” is the popular paraphrase, but what he actually said was “It can scarcely be denied that the supreme goal of all theory is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to surrender the adequate representation of a single datum of experience”, an overly complicated quote which is an obvious violation of Einstein’s Razor. (You can tell by looking at a picture of Einstein that the dude was hardly an expert on razors or other grooming apparati.) Finagle's Law of Dynamic Negatives: Anything that can go wrong, will—at the worst possible moment. - O'Toole's Corollary: The perversity of the Universe tends towards a maximum. Greenspun's Tenth Rule: Any sufficiently complicated C or Fortran program contains an ad hoc, informally-specified, bug-ridden, slow implementation of half of Common Lisp. (Morris’s Corollary: “…including Common Lisp”) Hofstadter's Law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law. Issawi’s Omelet Analogy: One cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs - but it is amazing how many eggs one can break without making a decent omelet. Jackson’s Rules of Optimization: Rule 1: Don't do it. Rule 2 (for experts only): Don't do it yet. Kaner’s Caveat: A program which perfectly meets a lousy specification is a lousy program. Liskov Substitution Principle (paraphrased): Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it Mason’s Maxim: Since human beings themselves are not fully debugged yet, there will be bugs in your code no matter what you do. Nils-Peter Nelson’s Nil I/O Rule: The fastest I/O is no I/O.    Occam's Razor: The simplest explanation is usually the correct one. Parkinson’s Law: Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. Quentin Tarantino’s Pie Principle: “…you want to go home have a drink and go and eat pie and talk about it.” (OK, he was talking about movies, not software, but I couldn’t find a “Q” quote about software. And wouldn’t it be cool to write a program so great that the users want to eat pie and talk about it?) Raymond’s Rule: Computer science education cannot make anybody an expert programmer any more than studying brushes and pigment can make somebody an expert painter.  Sowa's Law of Standards: Whenever a major organization develops a new system as an official standard for X, the primary result is the widespread adoption of some simpler system as a de facto standard for X. Turing’s Tenet: We shall do a much better programming job, provided we approach the task with a full appreciation of its tremendous difficulty, provided that we respect the intrinsic limitations of the human mind and approach the task as very humble programmers.  Udi Dahan’s Race Condition Rule: If you think you have a race condition, you don’t understand the domain well enough. These rules didn’t exist in the age of paper, there is no reason for them to exist in the age of computers. When you have race conditions, go back to the business and find out actual rules. Van Vleck’s Kvetching: We know about as much about software quality problems as they knew about the Black Plague in the 1600s. We've seen the victims' agonies and helped burn the corpses. We don't know what causes it; we don't really know if there is only one disease. We just suffer -- and keep pouring our sewage into our water supply. Wheeler’s Law: All problems in computer science can be solved by another level of indirection... Except for the problem of too many layers of indirection. Wheeler also said “Compatibility means deliberately repeating other people's mistakes.”. The Wrong Road Rule of Mr. X (anonymous): No matter how far down the wrong road you've gone, turn back. Yourdon’s Rule of Two Feet: If you think your management doesn't know what it's doing or that your organisation turns out low-quality software crap that embarrasses you, then leave. Zawinski's Law of Software Envelopment: Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Zawinski is also responsible for “Some people, when confronted with a problem, think 'I know, I'll use regular expressions.' Now they have two problems.” He once commented about X Windows widget toolkits: “Using these toolkits is like trying to make a bookshelf out of mashed potatoes.”

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  • Exercise 26 of The Pragmatic Programmer

    - by _ande_turner_
    There is a code snippet presented in The Pragmatic Programmer on page 143 as: public class Colada { private Blender myBlender; private Vector myStuff; public Colada() { myBlender = new Blender(); myStuff = new Vector(); } private doSomething() { myBlender.addIngredients(myStuff.elements()); } } This obeys the Law of Demeter / Principle of Least Knowledge. Is it preferable to, and are there any caveats for, replacing it with the following, which utilises Dependency Injection? public class Colada throws IllegalArgumentException { private Blender myBlender; private Vector myStuff; public Colada(Blender blender, Vector stuff) { blender == null ? throw new IllegalArgumentException() : myBlender = blender; stuff == null ? throw new IllegalArgumentException() : myStuff = stuff; } public getInstance() { Blender blender = new Blender(); Vector stuff = new Vector(); return new Colada(blender, stuff); } private doSomething() { myBlender.addIngredients(myStuff.elements()); } }

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  • Low hanging fruit where "a sufficiently smart compiler" is needed to get us back to Moore's Law?

    - by jamie
    Paul Graham argues that: It would be great if a startup could give us something of the old Moore's Law back, by writing software that could make a large number of CPUs look to the developer like one very fast CPU. ... The most ambitious is to try to do it automatically: to write a compiler that will parallelize our code for us. There's a name for this compiler, the sufficiently smart compiler, and it is a byword for impossibility. But is it really impossible? Can someone provide a concrete example where a paralellizing compiler would solve a pain point? Web-apps don't appear to be a problem: just run a bunch of Node processes. Real-time raytracing isn't a problem: the programmers are writing multi-threaded, SIMD assembly language quite happily (indeed, some might complain if we make it easier!). The holy grail is to be able to accelerate any program, be it MySQL, Garage Band, or Quicken. I'm looking for a middle ground: is there a real-world problem that you have experienced where a "smart-enough" compiler would have provided a real benefit, i.e that someone would pay for?

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  • How to refactor a method which breaks "The law of Demeter" principle?

    - by dreza
    I often find myself breaking this principle (not intentially, just through bad design). However recently I've seen a bit of code that I'm not sure of the best approach. I have a number of classes. For simplicity I've taken out the bulk of the classes methods etc public class Paddock { public SoilType Soil { get; private set; } // a whole bunch of other properties around paddock information } public class SoilType { public SoilDrainageType Drainage { get; private set; } // a whole bunch of other properties around soil types } public class SoilDrainageType { // a whole bunch of public properties that expose soil drainage values public double GetProportionOfDrainage(SoilType soil, double blockRatio) { // This method does a number of calculations using public properties // exposed off SoilType as well as the blockRatio value in some conditions } } In the code I have seen in a number of places calls like so paddock.Soil.Drainage.GetProportionOfDrainage(paddock.Soil, paddock.GetBlockRatio()); or within the block object itself in places it's Soil.Drainage.GetProportionOfDrainage(this.Soil, this.GetBlockRatio()); Upon reading this seems to break "The Law of Demeter" in that I'm chaining together these properties to access the method I want. So my thought in order to adjust this was to create public methods on SoilType and Paddock that contains wrappers i.e. on paddock it would be public class Paddock { public double GetProportionOfDrainage() { return Soil.GetProportionOfDrainage(this.GetBlockRatio()); } } on the SoilType it would be public class SoilType { public double GetProportionOfDrainage(double blockRatio) { return Drainage.GetProportionOfDrainage(this, blockRatio); } } so now calls where it used would be simply // used outside of paddock class where we can access instances of Paddock paddock.GetProportionofDrainage() or this.GetProportionOfDrainage(); // if used within Paddock class This seemed like a nice alternative. However now I have a concern over how would I enforce this usage and stop anyone else from writing code such as paddock.Soil.Drainage.GetProportionOfDrainage(paddock.Soil, paddock.GetBlockRatio()); rather than just paddock.GetProportionOfDrainage(); I need the properties to remain public at this stage as they are too ingrained in usage throughout the code block. However I don't really want a mixture of accessing the method on DrainageType directly as that seems to defeat the purpose altogether. What would be the appropiate design approach in this situation? I can provide more information as required to better help in answers. Is my thoughts on refactoring this even appropiate or should is it best to leave it as is and use the property chaining to access the method as and when required?

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  • Can I use a previous version of iText(Sharp) under the LGPL?

    - by Jens
    I'd like to use iTextSharp for PDF manipulation. I need it to run under medium trust (webserver) and to be free of charge (sice this is a very small project), therefore there is not much competition. Unfortunately, since I need it for a commercial project, I cannot the AGPL introduced with version 5.0. Do you know if I may use the 4.x versions using the LGPL? Or is their license automatically updated to the APGL?

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  • Legal issues in Europe: check patents ?

    - by Bugz R us
    We live in Europe and are releasing commercial software in multiple countries. Besides of the licensing issues (GPL/LGPL/...) we have a question about patents. I know that if you're in the US, before you release software, you have to check if there aren't any patents you're infringing upon. I also know most of these patents or usually irrational and form a heavy burden on developers/software engineers. Now, as far as I know, EU rules are lots more ratinal, but there has been lobbying to also apply the same rules in EU. http://www.nosoftwarepatents.com http://www.stopsoftwarepatents.eu So what's the deal actually ? For example, there's mention of a patent on a shopping cart : http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=EP&NR=807891&KC=&FT=E Is that true ? Is a "shopping cart" patented ??? .................. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1396191/what-should-every-developer-know-about-legal-matters : 4.Software patent lawsuits are crap shoots. You should not, of course, knowingly violate a software patent. However, there is a small but real chance some company will sue you for violating their patent. This may happen even if you develop your software independently, you never heard of the patent, and the patent covers a technique that is intuitively obvious and almost completely unrelated to your software. There is not a lot you can do to avoid this, given the current USPTO policies, other than buy insurance. The good news is that patent trolls generally sue large companies with lots of money.

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  • Do I Own the Source Code? [closed]

    - by Tim Long
    If I pay someone to write some software for me and our contract doesn't specify, do I own the rights to the source code, or does the company who wrote the software? Who does the intellectual property belong to in this situation? I'm specifically interested in the answer as it applies in the United Kingdom.

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  • Freelancer - client agreement. What things are worth to write explicitely?

    - by Dzida
    Hi guys, This is not technical question, though I think it is quite important for software developers who work as a freelancers. There is some general good advice to make paper contracts before starting new jobs. When I started my work as a freelancer I hadn't got any clue how such contract should looks like. Now I have some ideas but I believe many of freelancers gathered on SO can add some interesting advices for less-experienced colleagues (like me). So the question is: what clauses freelancers should put on agreements with their clients to make their projects less stressful and better secured. What are your experiences here? PS: Please write your country on the bottom of your post - I guess some stuff might be country specific. Probably there are differences in form of agreements depending on country where business is made.

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  • inverse relation to multiple inheriting classes in django

    - by Ofri Raviv
    Here are my schematic models: class Law(models.Model): ... class Bill(models.Model): ... # data for a proposed law, or change of an existing law class PrivateBill(Bill): ... # data for a Bill that was initiated by a parliament member class GovernmentBill(Bill): ... # data for a Bill that was initiated by the government It is possible and likely that in the future I (or maybe someone else) would want to add more Bill types. Every Bill should point to a Law (indicating what law this bill is going to change) and my question is: What is the best way to implement this? If I add the ForeignKey(Law) to Bill, I'll have a relation from every Bill to Law, but a Law would only have an inverse relation to Bills (bill_set), and not a different inverse relation to each type of bill. Of course I'll be able to filter each type of bill to get only the ones pointing to a specific Law, but this is something I think I'll need to use often, so I think having privatebill_set, governmentbill_set etc would make the code more readable. Another possible solution is to add the foreign key to each of the inheriting classes (this would give me a privatebill_set, governmentbill_set, futurebill_set), but that seems hairy because I would be relying on future programmers to remember to add that relation. How would you solve this?

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  • XRDP errors when trying to use sesman-x11rdp

    - by Nicholas
    I've just installed Ubuntu 11.10 Desktop on an old laptop of mine and I wanted to set it up so I could remote into it from my windows desktop. I've installed XRDP, but when I attempt to login using sesman-x11rdp it logs in, then the window shuts down. I've checked over the logs and here is what I get at the time of login: [20120123-16:49:23] [INFO ] scp thread on sck 8 started successfully [20120123-16:49:23] [INFO ] granted TS access to user nicholas [20120123-16:49:24] [INFO ] starting X11rdp session... [20120123-16:49:24] [CORE ] error starting X server - user nicholas - pid 3869 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] errno: 2, description: No such file or directory [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] execve parameter list: 11 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[0] = X11rdp [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[1] = :11 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[2] = -geometry [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[3] = 1280x720 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[4] = -depth [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[5] = 16 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[6] = -bs [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[7] = -ac [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[8] = -nolisten [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[9] = tcp [20120123-16:49:25] [DEBUG] argv[10] = (null) [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] X server for display 11 startup timeout [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] X server for display 11 startup timeout [20120123-16:49:34] [INFO ] starting xrdp-sessvc - xpid=3869 - wmpid=3868 [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] another Xserver is already active on display 11 [20120123-16:49:34] [DEBUG] aborting connection... [20120123-16:49:34] [INFO ] session 3867 - user nicholas - terminated Can anyone point me to the proper way to get this working with x11rdp?

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  • cannot access ubuntu 12.04 SAMBA share from windows 7 using hostname

    - by user98398
    I've been trying for days to get this working, and everywhere I look online it seems no one has a definitive answer, so here is the run down: I have an external drive attached to my ubuntu 12.04 machine, "nicholas-desktop." I have the entire drive shared over the network via SAMBA. If I try to access the drive from windows 7 by using "\nicholas-desktop" it fails saying it cannot locate "nicholas-desktop." However, if I use the current IP address assigned to my machine by my router's DHCP server by typing "\192.168.2.XXX" I have no problems accessing the share. if I try to ping my ubuntu machine's hostname from windows it fails. The same happens if I try to ping my windows machine, "nicholas-laptop" from my ubuntu machine. Again, if I use either machine's assigned IP address it works fine. Can someone please help me get this working? I don't want any workarounds like setting a static IP, or DHCP reservation, I want to be able to resolve hostnames from both sides. I have tried enabling SAMBA'a WINS server so I could resolve the hostnames using netBIOS, however that didn't work either, I may have made a mistake setting it up though. Thanks for your time, NCB

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