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• operating systems - TLBs

  - by stabGreeol

  I'm trying to get my head round this (okay, tbh cramming a night before the exams :) but i can't figure out (nor find a good high level overview on the net) of this: 'page table entries can be mapped to more than one TLB entry.. if for example every page table entry is mappped to two TLB entries, this is know as 2-way set associative TLB' My question is, why would we want to map this more than once? surely we want to have the maximum number of possible entries represented in the TLB, and duplication would waste space right ? What am i missing? Many thanks

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• How does operating system software maintains time clocks?

  - by Neeraj

  Hi everyone, This may sound a bit less relevant but I couldn't think of a better place to ask this question. Now consider this situation, you install an OS on your system, set the timezone and time, do some stuff and turn it off. (Note that there is no power going in to the computer). Now next time (say after some hours or days) you turn it on again, and you see the updated time. How is this possible even when my computer is not connected to the internet and was consuming no power during the period it was down.(Is there some kind of hardware hack?) please clarify!

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• Operating System Widget Side Project

  - by Calpis

  I want to start on a side project and here's my idea: Whenever the user's mouse is pressed down, I want a small ring around the cursor to show up. I'm mainly doing this to learn more about programming and get myself to think outside of work related materials. My questions are: 1) is there a good source I can reference to start a project that deals with something like this? 2) Is visual studio a sufficient software to create such an application? Or would I need some other tool to do this. 3) What language should I choose to do this task? Thanks in advance!

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• write 2d array to a file in C (Operating system)

  - by Bobj-C

  Hello All, I used to use the code below to Write an 1D array to a File: FILE *fp; float floatValue[5] = { 1.1F, 2.2F, 3.3F, 4.4F, 5.5F }; int i; if((fp=fopen("test", "wb"))==NULL) { printf("Cannot open file.\n"); } if(fwrite(floatValue, sizeof(float), 5, fp) != 5) printf("File read error."); fclose(fp); /* read the values */ if((fp=fopen("test", "rb"))==NULL) { printf("Cannot open file.\n"); } if(fread(floatValue, sizeof(float), 5, fp) != 5) { if(feof(fp)) printf("Premature end of file."); else printf("File read error."); } fclose(fp); for(i=0; i<5; i++) printf("%f ", floatValue[i]); My question is if i want to write and read 2D array ??

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• What operating system do you use for development?

  - by yar

  Minor version numbers notwithstanding, what OS do you use for your own development machine? Are you forced to use a virtual appliance or server to run any programs that you need? Do you know of any surveys related to this question?

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• Workflow: Deploy Operating Systems

  - by Owen Allen

  The Deploy Operating Systems workflow is a workflow document that we added recently. It shows you how to get operating systems up and running in your environment. It's mostly linear, but it's a bit more complicated than some of the others. It's built around a pair of images. In both images, the left side shows the prerequisites for the whole process. Before you can deploy operating systems, you have to have Ops Center fully installed, with libraries set up and hardware already discovered. Once you've done that preparation, the first image walks you through all of the OS deployment steps. First you discover existing operating systems, then you provision Oracle Solaris 10 or Oracle Solaris 11. If you're not planning on using virtualization, then your deployment is done, and you're directed to the operate workflows. If you are interested in virtualization, though, you go on to the second image: The second image walks you through deploying virtualization, sending you to the Deploying Oracle Solaris 10 Zones, Deploying Oracle Solaris 11 Zones, or Deploying Oracle VM Server for SPARC workflows, depending on what kind of virtualization you're planning on using. Once you've done that, you're ready to go on to the operation workflows.

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• Not recognized as operating system on startup

  - by mastabruce

  I am new to Ubuntu and just decided to install it in (on my new lenovo thinkpad) in addition to my windows 7 operating system. Now, whenever I reboot the computer, it only runs window 7. I went (in windows) to Control Pannel ? System ? Advanced Settings ? Startup and Ubuntu is not even listed as a choice for operating system. I tried installing ubuntu again, but now it wants to partition the already partitioned windows folder. I can't figure out how to get Ubuntu, which seems to be installed, to run. I saw on another question here that I could be able to edit my mrb settings using EasyBCD but I can not figure out how to choose ubuntu as an operating system. My disk is already partitioned (seen from the attempted second install) so I'm pretty sure it is on the disk. Basically, how can I get ubuntu to run when I can't choose it as an operating system? Thank you for your help.

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• Make backup image (.tib/.vhd) as my main operating system?

  - by Joann

  My old hard drive is dying so I want to move my Windows 7 operating system to another hard drive. They say cloning using Acronis would do the trick, but for some reason it refuses to work. I also tried EASEUS Todo Backup, but it doesn't work either. Can you recommend some suggestions on how to transfer my operating system? I heard about converting .tib to .vhd and then booting from it, but does that achieve the same effect as cloning?

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• operating system that will run on a flash drive?

  - by Nrew

  Do you know of anything like mojopac that will emulate your operating system? Ive already tried mojopac but no luck because the free version of the software does not allow it to run without running a real operating system as an administrator.

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• What are basic differences bettwen operating systems working as server? [closed]

  - by poz2k4444

  I'd like to know what are the differences bettwen differents operating systems working as server and what operating system is better using for an specific task like linux, unix, windows, solaris, novell, etcetera. It's not about a specific problem, it's just to know, for example, windows server works better with SQL Server, or Ruby with MacOS It's just I think some of us don't know what to choose when we have to use some specific technology

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• Combination of Operating Mode and Commit Strategy

  - by Kevin Yang

  If you want to populate a source into multiple targets, you may also want to ensure that every row from the source affects all targets uniformly (or separately). Let’s consider the Example Mapping below. If a row from SOURCE causes different changes in multiple targets (TARGET_1, TARGET_2 and TARGET_3), for example, it can be successfully inserted into TARGET_1 and TARGET_3, but failed to be inserted into TARGET_2, and the current Mapping Property TLO (target load order) is “TARGET_1 -> TARGET_2 -> TARGET_3”. What should Oracle Warehouse Builder do, in order to commit the appropriate data to all affected targets at the same time? If it doesn’t behave as you intended, the data could become inaccurate and possibly unusable.                                               Example Mapping In OWB, we can use Mapping Configuration Commit Strategies and Operating Modes together to achieve this kind of requirements. Below we will explore the combination of these two features and how they affect the results in the target tables Before going to the example, let’s review some of the terms we will be using (Details can be found in white paper Oracle® Warehouse Builder Data Modeling, ETL, and Data Quality Guide11g Release 2): Operating Modes: Set-Based Mode: Warehouse Builder generates a single SQL statement that processes all data and performs all operations. Row-Based Mode: Warehouse Builder generates statements that process data row by row. The select statement is in a SQL cursor. All subsequent statements are PL/SQL. Row-Based (Target Only) Mode: Warehouse Builder generates a cursor select statement and attempts to include as many operations as possible in the cursor. For each target, Warehouse Builder inserts each row into the target separately. Commit Strategies: Automatic: Warehouse Builder loads and then automatically commits data based on the mapping design. If the mapping has multiple targets, Warehouse Builder commits and rolls back each target separately and independently of other targets. Use the automatic commit when the consequences of multiple targets being loaded unequally are not great or are irrelevant. Automatic correlated: It is a specialized type of automatic commit that applies to PL/SQL mappings with multiple targets only. Warehouse Builder considers all targets collectively and commits or rolls back data uniformly across all targets. Use the correlated commit when it is important to ensure that every row in the source affects all affected targets uniformly. Manual: select manual commit control for PL/SQL mappings when you want to interject complex business logic, perform validations, or run other mappings before committing data. Combination of the commit strategy and operating mode To understand the effects of each combination of operating mode and commit strategy, I’ll illustrate using the following example Mapping. Firstly we insert 100 rows into the SOURCE table and make sure that the 99th row and 100th row have the same ID value. And then we create a unique key constraint on ID column for TARGET_2 table. So while running the example mapping, OWB tries to load all 100 rows to each of the targets. But the mapping should fail to load the 100th row to TARGET_2, because it will violate the unique key constraint of table TARGET_2. With different combinations of Commit Strategy and Operating Mode, here are the results ¦ Set-based/ Correlated Commit: Configuration of Example mapping:                                                     Result:                                                      What’s happening: A single error anywhere in the mapping triggers the rollback of all data. OWB encounters the error inserting into Target_2, it reports an error for the table and does not load the row. OWB rolls back all the rows inserted into Target_1 and does not attempt to load rows to Target_3. No rows are added to any of the target tables. ¦ Row-based/ Correlated Commit: Configuration of Example mapping:                                                   Result:                                                  What’s happening: OWB evaluates each row separately and loads it to all three targets. Loading continues in this way until OWB encounters an error loading row 100th to Target_2. OWB reports the error and does not load the row. It rolls back the row 100th previously inserted into Target_1 and does not attempt to load row 100 to Target_3. Then, if there are remaining rows, OWB will continue loading them, resuming with loading rows to Target_1. The mapping completes with 99 rows inserted into each target. ¦ Set-based/ Automatic Commit: Configuration of Example mapping: Result: What’s happening: When OWB encounters the error inserting into Target_2, it does not load any rows and reports an error for the table. It does, however, continue to insert rows into Target_3 and does not roll back the rows previously inserted into Target_1. The mapping completes with one error message for Target_2, no rows inserted into Target_2, and 100 rows inserted into Target_1 and Target_3 separately. ¦ Row-based/Automatic Commit: Configuration of Example mapping: Result: What’s happening: OWB evaluates each row separately for loading into the targets. Loading continues in this way until OWB encounters an error loading row 100 to Target_2 and reports the error. OWB does not roll back row 100th from Target_1, does insert it into Target_3. If there are remaining rows, it will continue to load them. The mapping completes with 99 rows inserted into Target_2 and 100 rows inserted into each of the other targets. Note: Automatic Correlated commit is not applicable for row-based (target only). If you design a mapping with the row-based (target only) and correlated commit combination, OWB runs the mapping but does not perform the correlated commit. In set-based mode, correlated commit may impact the size of your rollback segments. Space for rollback segments may be a concern when you merge data (insert/update or update/insert). Correlated commit operates transparently with PL/SQL bulk processing code. The correlated commit strategy is not available for mappings run in any mode that are configured for Partition Exchange Loading or that include a Queue, Match Merge, or Table Function operator. If you want to practice in your own environment, you can follow the steps: 1. Import the MDL file: commit_operating_mode.mdl 2. Fix the location for oracle module ORCL and deploy all tables under it. 3. Insert sample records into SOURCE table, using below plsql code: begin     for i in 1..99     loop         insert into source values(i, 'col_'||i);     end loop;     insert into source values(99, 'col_99'); end; 4. Configure MAPPING_1 to any combinations of operating mode and commit strategy you want to test. And make sure feature TLO of mapping is open. 5. Deploy Mapping “MAPPING_1”. 6. Run the mapping and check the result.

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• USB: Missing Operating System - MAC

  - by Viraj Rao

  Have installed Ubuntu 11.10 on USB using Live CD. Followed the steps as provided in below link https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MactelSupportTeam/AppleIntelInstallation After installation is complete in Refit menu, when i click on Linux icon I receive "Missing Operating System" message. I followed the steps provided in the below link from this forum, but am still receiving the same message. Unable to boot: Missing Operating system Any assistance is highly appreciated.

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• Selecting an Open Source Operating System

  <b>Network World:</b> "There's a large selection of free and open source (FOSS) operating systems available these days, and choosing the right one for any given circumstance can be quite a challenge. This article outlines the key factors you need to consider in order to pick the best operating system for your needs and experience level."

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• What does "Windows is not a real-time operating system" mean?

  - by hydroparadise

  I came across an application called LatencyMon, that apparently does latency monitoring. I have always understood the more of a load you put on the processor, the less responsive, or more latent, the system becomes. However, in the second section of the LatencyMon page, the first sentence says, "Windows is not a real-time operating system". That got me thinking. I mean, is this any different from any other operatiing system like linux, unix, or OS X? Are there any "Real-Time" operating systems? Or is the merely a marketing scheme to get you to buy their product? EDIT: Also, are there any examples of RTOS's out there?

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• Announcing Solaris Technical Track at NLUUG Spring Conference on Operating Systems

  - by user9135656

  The Netherlands Unix Users Group (NLUUG) is hosting a full-day technical Solaris track during its spring 2012 conference. The official announcement page, including registration information can be found at the conference page.This year, the NLUUG spring conference focuses on the base of every computing platform; the Operating System. Hot topics like Cloud Computing and Virtualization; the massive adoption of mobile devices that have their special needs in the OS they run but that at the same time put the challenge of massive scalability onto the internet; the upspring of multi-core and multi-threaded chips..., all these developments cause the Operating System to still be a very interesting area where all kinds of innovations have taken and are taking place.The conference will focus specifically on: Linux, BSD Unix, AIX, Windows and Solaris. The keynote speech will be delivered by John 'maddog' Hall, infamous promotor and supporter of UNIX-based Operating Systems. He will talk the audience through several decades of Operating Systems developments, and share many stories untold so far. To make the conference even more interesting, a variety of talks is offered in 5 parallel tracks, covering new developments in and  also collaboration  between Linux, the BSD's, AIX, Solaris and Windows. The full-day Solaris technical track covers all innovations that have been delivered in Oracle Solaris 11. Deeply technically-skilled presenters will talk on a variety of topics. Each topic will first be introduced at a basic level, enabling visitors to attend to the presentations individually. Attending to the full day will give the audience a comprehensive overview as well as more in-depth understanding of the most important new features in Solaris 11.NLUUG Spring Conference details:* Date and time:        When : April 11 2012        Start: 09:15 (doors open: 8:30)        End  : 17:00, (drinks and snacks served afterwards)* Venue:        Nieuwegein Business Center        Blokhoeve 1             3438 LC Nieuwegein              The Nederlands          Tel     : +31 (0)30 - 602 69 00        Fax     : +31 (0)30 - 602 69 01        Email   : [email protected]        Route   : description - (PDF, Dutch only)* Conference abstracts and speaker info can be found here.* Agenda for the Solaris track: Note: talks will be in English unless marked with 'NL'.1.      Insights to Solaris 11         Joerg Moellenkamp - Solaris Technical Specialist         Oracle Germany2.      Lifecycle management with Oracle Solaris 11         Detlef Drewanz - Solaris Technical Specialist         Oracle Germany3.      Solaris 11 Networking - Crossbow Project        Andrew Gabriel - Solaris Technical Specialist        Oracle UK4.      ZFS: Data Integrity and Security         Darren Moffat - Senior Principal Engineer, Solaris Engineering         Oracle UK5.      Solaris 11 Zones and Immutable Zones (NL)         Casper Dik - Senior Staff Engineer, Software Platforms         Oracle NL6.      Experiencing Solaris 11 (NL)         Patrick Ale - UNIX Technical Specialist         UPC Broadband, NLTalks are 45 minutes each.There will be a "Solaris Meeting point" during the conference where people can meet-up, chat with the speakers and with fellow Solaris enthousiasts, and where live demos or other hands-on experiences can be shared.The official announcement page, including registration information can be found at the conference page on the NLUUG website. This site also has a complete list of all abstracts for all talks.Please register on the NLUUG website.

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• "Operating system not found" after upgrading to 13.10

  - by Hongbo Zhu

  I own a Thinkpad X121e and I upgraded its Ubuntu from 13.04 64bit to 13.10 64bit using the Update Manager. When the upgrade process suggested to restart the system, I restarted the computer and now it says "Operating system not found" after a very brief splash screen. The splash screen says something like (too brief to see everything): Intel UNDI, PXE-2.0 ... For Atheros ethernet Controller ... Check cable connection! PXE-MOF: Exiting INTEL PXE ROM I prepared a startup USB disk using Ubuntu 13.10. I tried the startup USB and it works very well on other computers. So I changed the booting order of X121e and tried all three USB slots, all said "Operating System not found" without any splash screen. I also tried using startup USB with 12.04 LTS. Same results. I do not really want to reinstall the system now. Any hints on how to proceed?

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• How do operating systems… run… without having an OS to run in?

  - by Plazmotech Binary

  I'm really curious right now. I'm a Python programmer, and this question just boggled me: You write an OS. How do you run it? It has to be run somehow, and that way is within another OS? How can an application run without being in an OS? How do you tell the computer to run, say, C, and execute these commands to the screen, if it doesn't have an OS to run in? Does it have to do with a UNIX kernel? If so, what is a Unix kernel, or a kernel in general? I'm sure OSes are more complicated than that, but how does it work?

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• How to operating systems… run… without having an OS to run in?

  - by Plazmotech Binary

  I'm really curious right now. I'm a Python programmer, and this question just boggled me: You write an OS. How do you run it? It has to be run somehow, and that way is within another OS? How can an application run without being in an OS? How do you tell the computer to run, say, C, and execute these commands to the screen, if it doesn't have an OS to run in? Does it have to do with a UNIX kernel? If so, what is a unix kernel, or a kernel in general? I'm sure OSes are more complicated than that, but how does it work? It would be really brilliant to know this! Thanks.

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• Ubuntu Linux main utilities

  - by Harry

  I've never used Ubuntu Linux before, but I am researching about the main system tools that are included, e.g. Windows has Disk Cleanup, Disk Defrag... but what does Ubuntu Linux have. I need to know what the main five utilities that are included on Ubuntu Linux and what do they do.

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• Question regarding synchronization primitives

  - by mousey

  Hi, Using synchronization primitives slows down the execution of a program. Is there a way to improve the speed of execution ?

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• Question regarding synchronization

  - by mousey

  Using synchronization slows down the execution of a program. Is there a way to improve the speed of execution ?

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• Which *NIX based operating system codebase is easiest to learn and modify?

  - by kim-roader

  What UNIX-like operation system is most hackable? By hack I mean I would like to modify the core systems in the operating system including creating new drivers, filesystems, protocols and change existing code.

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• Changing the Operating System with only Ubuntu installed

  - by Games Brainiac

  I really wanted to dive into the world of Open Source operating systems, so I downloaded the latest version of Ubuntu (13.10), and installed it on a clean(no operating system installed, absolutely nothing) Lenovo ThinkPad machine. After a few days, I wanted to try out a different Operating System (Elementary OS). I downloaded the ISO file, burned it to a USB, tested that the USB booted from a different computer (I have 2, one is the Lenovo, the other a HP). I was able to get the bootscreen, and everything worked like a charm after I set the BIOS to boot from USB Disk Drive instead of HD. After this, I went back to Lenovo, and tried to open up the boot menu, by pressing F12, so that I could load from a temporary device. To my surprise, nothing but the HD was listed. There was no Optical Drive, No USB Drive, absolutely nothing. So, I thought that these devices were probably disabled. So I went into my BIOS and checked to see what was the case. I saw that all my devices were enabled. USB and all the other devices such as network cable and the rest were all enabled. So, I thought this probably had something to do wit UEFI and Legacy Boot options. So, I made sure that both were enabled. This did not solve the problem either. Again, I got nothing but the option to boot from my Hard Disk. I thought the USB had to be at fault. I tried different ports, but to no avail. Next, I tried with a Live CD, which had Ubuntu on it. This failed too. I simply could not boot from anything other than my hard disk. Okay, so at this point, I was pretty desperate, so I installed Boot-Repair through: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install boot-repair What this did is lead me to GRUB. Ideally, its just a screen that gives me the option to load from Ubuntu or Advanced Settings. The Advanced settings had nothing but Ubuntu options in it. So, I kept on pressing ESC and that led me to the the grub console, and thats where I am right now with my Lenovo. I've also tried updating the BIOS, but Lenovo only has packages for Red Hat and Windows. So, a dead end there too. Right now, I need to know if there is any way that I can just delete everything from my Lenovo? I want to revert it back to its blank factory condition. How can I achieve this? I have tried to elaborate my problem as best I could. If there is any important information that I've missed out, please do not hesitate to leave a comment. I would have included some screen shots, but BIOS screen shots are a little hard to manage. However, I can provide a camera Image of the boot screen if needed (doing that as we speak).

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• What's a "Cloud Operating System"?

  - by user12608550

  What's a "Cloud Operating System"? Oracle's recently introduced Solaris 11 has been touted as "The First Cloud OS". Interesting claim, but what exactly does it mean? To answer that, we need to recall what characteristics define a cloud and then see how Solaris 11's capabilities map to those characteristics. By now, most cloud computing professionals have at least heard of, if not adopted, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Definition of Cloud Computing, including its vocabulary and conceptual architecture. NIST says that cloud computing includes these five characteristics: On-demand self-service Broad network access Resource pooling Rapid elasticity Measured service How does Solaris 11 support these capabilities? Well, one of the key enabling technologies for cloud computing is virtualization, and Solaris 11 along with Oracle's SPARC and x86 hardware offerings provides the full range of virtualization technologies including dynamic hardware domains, hypervisors for both x86 and SPARC systems, and efficient non-hypervisor workload virtualization with containers. This provides the elasticity needed for cloud systems by supporting on-demand creation and resizing of application environments; it supports the safe partitioning of cloud systems into multi-tenant infrastructures, adding resources as needed and deprovisioning computing resources when no longer needed, allowing for pay-only-for-usage chargeback models. For cloud computing developers, add to that the next generation of Java, and you've got the NIST requirements covered. The results, or one of them anyway, are services like the new Oracle Public Cloud. And Solaris is the ideal platform for running your Java applications. So, if you want to develop for cloud computing, for IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS, start with an operating system designed to support cloud's key requirements…start with Solaris 11.

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• Operating System not Found after installing Ubuntu in a Sony Vaio

  - by diego8arock

  I just bought a Sony Vaio SVS15115FLB that came with Windows 7, after enjoying the PC graphic power for a little, I decided it was time to install Ubuntu 12.04. First, I inserted a USB stick, reboot, press F11 but a message saying that no OS was found on the USB, so then I used a live CD. It booted fine and I installed Ubuntu, then when it was time to restart the PC, it didn't boot to GRUB but it went straight to Windows and it began an startup error and was looking for a solution, after it was done, it restarted and then it booted again to Windows and to the same start up error solution thing. I freaked out, so I booted again the Ubuntu live CD, and installed Ubuntu over everything, after it installed I rebooted and then a message appeared saying Operating system Not Found, and I have no idea why. So I Googled again and found this post on Boot Partition, I did everything exactly on that post, but it didn't work (by the way, this was the message): The boot files of [Ubuntu 12.04 LTS] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, >200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. It appeared the first time, then I did it all again and then it was gone. I rebooted and nothing, the same Operating System not found message appeared. So I decided to create a partition for Windows, hoping for something, but the message still appears. I really have no idea what to do, but there is something odd, if I insert the USB stick containing Ubuntu 11.10, the message that says that there is no OS in the PendDrive flashes for a fraction of a second and the boot straight to Ubuntu 12.04 without problems (and booted to Windows when I installed it, ignoring Ubuntu), right now I'm using it like that, but its pretty annoying. Can anyone advise me how to fix this? I'm no expert on this kind of things (boot, GRUB, recovery and stuff like that).

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