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• The best way to hide data Encryption,Connection,Hardware

  - by Tico Raaphorst

  So to say, if i have a VPS which i own now, and i wanted to make the most secure and stable system that i can make. How would i do that? Just to try: I installed debian 7 with LVM Encryption via installation: You get the 2 partitions a /boot and a encrypted partition. When booting you will be prompted to fill in the password to unlock the encryption of the encrypted partition, Which then will have more partitions like /home /usr and swapspace which will automatically mount. Now, i do need to fill in the password over a VNC-SSL connection via the control panel website of the VPS hoster, so they can see my disk encryption password if they wanted to, they have the option if they wanted to look at what i have as data right? Data encryption on VPS , Is it possible to have a 100% secure virtual private server? So lets say i have my server and it is sitting well locked next to me, with the following examples covered bios (you have to replace bios) raid (you have to unlock raid-config) disk (you have to unlock disk encryption) filelike-zip-tar (files are stored in encrypted archives) which are in some other crypted file mounted as partition (archives mounted as partitions) all on the same system So it will be slow but it would be extremely difficult to crack the encryption. So to say if you stole the server. Then i only need to make the connection like ssh safer with single use passwords, block all incoming and outgoing connections but give one "exception" for myself. And maybe one for if i somehow lose my identity for the "exeption" What other overkill but realistic security options are available, i have heard about SElinux?

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• Can a Compound key be set as a primary key to another table?

  - by Nikos

  Can a compound key be set as a primary key to another table? For instance i have the tables: Books -with Primary Key:Product_ID Client -with Primary key: Client_ID Clients_Books -with Compound Primary Key:Product_Id and Client_ID I want to set this compound Primary key from Clients_Books as a Primary Key to another table named: Order_Details. But I don't want to use the Product_ID and the Client_ID from the Books, Clients tables. Does this make sense? All opinions more than welcome.

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• SSH Public Key - No supported authentication methods available (server sent public key)

  - by F21

  I have a 12.10 server setup in a virtual machine with its network set to bridged (essentially will be seen as a computer connected to my switch). I installed opensshd via apt-get and was able to connect to the server using putty with my username and password. I then set about trying to get it to use public/private key authentication. I did the following: Generated the keys using PuttyGen. Moved the public key to /etc/ssh/myusername/authorized_keys (I am using encrypted home directories). Set up sshd_config like so: PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile /etc/ssh/%u/authorized_keys StrictModes no PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM yes When I connect using putty or WinSCP, I get an error saying No supported authentication methods available (server sent public key). If I run sshd in debug mode, I see: PAM: initializing for "username" PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "192.168.1.7" PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" userauth-request for user username service ssh-connection method publickey [preauth] attempt 1 failures 0 [preauth] test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable [preauth[ Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-1023 Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-1023 temporarily_use_uid: 1000/1000 (e=0/0) trying public key file /etc/ssh/username/authorized_keys fd4 clearing O_NONBLOCK restore_uid: 0/0 Failed publickey for username from 192.168.1.7 port 14343 ssh2 Received disconnect from 192.168.1.7: 14: No supported authentication methods available [preauth] do_cleanup [preauth] monitor_read_log: child log fd closed do_cleanup PAM: cleanup Why is this happening and how can I fix this?

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• Install Ubuntu on USB + Disk Encryption

  - by snipey

  I want to create an Operating System installed upon a USB instead HDD (4 GB) So I wanted to know if there were any special steps for it or simply choosing usb in installation menu. P.S - I want to do full install and not live boot. And After that I want to encrypt the entire Operating System using TrueCypt , guide already present on their website , I just wanted to know if it would be compatible with this method. THanks :)

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• how to do gedcom import with minimal database roundtrip. what is best practice for this kind of dev

  - by Radhi

  In My current application, I need to import users from gedcom file. these users may exist in my registered users or i need to create one registered user for the same. now gedcom file contain s many information e.g. PersonalDetails,Addresses, Education Details, ProfessionalDetails this is one sample of xml file we are storing to store user's profile. <UserProfile xmlns=""> <BasicInfo> <Title value="Basic Details" /> <Fields> <UserId title="UserId" right="Public" value="151" /> <EmailAddress title="Email Address" right="CUG" value="[email protected]" /> <FirstName title="First Name" right="Public" value="Anju" /> <LastName title="Last Name" right="Public" value="Trivedi" /> <DisplayName title="Display Name" right="Private" value="Anju" /> <RegistrationStatusId title="RegistrationStatusId" right="Public" value="10" /> <RegistrationStatus title="Registration Status" right="Private" value="Registered" /> <CityId title="CityId" right="Private" value="19" /> <CityName title="City" right="Public" value="Delhi" /> <StateId title="StateId" right="Private" value="69" /> <StateName title="State" right="Public" value="Delhi" /> <CountryId title="CountryId" right="Private" value="109" /> <CountryName title="Country" right="Public" value="India" /> <Gender title="Gender" right="Private" value="Male" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="0" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Nov 27 2009 3:08PM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="Mar 3 2010 6:56PM " /> <LogInStatusId title="LogInStatusId" right="Public" value="1" /> <LogInStatus title="LogIn Status" right="Private" value="Free" /> <ProfileImagePath title="Profile Pic" right="Public" value="~/Images/13_HolidayBarbie07CL2010427143129.jpg" /> <ProfileThumbnailPath title="Profile Thumbnail" right="Public" value="~/Images/Thumb13_HolidayBarbie07CL2010427143129.jpg" /> </Fields> </BasicInfo> <PersonalInfo> <Title value="Personal Details" /> <Fields> <Nickname title="Nick Name" right="Public" value="Anju" /> <NativeLocation title="Native" right="Public" value="Mehsana" /> <DateofAnniversary title="Anniversary Dt." right="Private" value="4/1/2010" /> <BloodGroupId title="BloodGroupId" right="Public" value="24" /> <BloodGroupName title="Blood Group" right="Public" value="A+" /> <MaritalStatusId title="MaritalStatusId" right="Private" value="35" /> <MaritalStatusName title="Marital status" right="Private" value="UnMarried" /> <DateofDeath title="Death dt" right="Private" value="" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="4/27/2010 2:32:07 PM" /> <DateOfBirth title="Birth Date" value="" right="CUG" /> <BirthPlace title="Birth Place" value="Jaipur" right="Private" /> </Fields> </PersonalInfo> <FamilyInfo> <Title value="Family Details" /> <Fields> <GallantryHistory title="Gallantry History" right="Public" value="Anjli History" /> <Ethinicity title="Ethinicity" right="Public" value="Indian" /> <KulDev title="KulDev" right="Public" value="Krishna" /> <KulDevi title="KulDevi" right="Public" value="Lakhsmi" /> <Caste title="Caste" right="Private" value="Vaishnav" /> <SunSignId title="SunSignId" right="Public" value="15" /> <SunSignName title="SunSignName" right="Public" value="Gemini" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Dec 11 2009 12:00AM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="Dec 11 2009 12:00AM " /> </Fields> </FamilyInfo> <HobbyInfo> <Title value="Hobbies/Interests" /> <Fields> <AbountMe title="Abount Me" right="Public" value="" /> <Hobbies title="Hobbies" right="Public" value="" /> <Food title="Food" right="Public" value="" /> <Movies title="Movies" right="Public" value="" /> <Music title="Music" right="Public" value="" /> <TVShows title="TV Shows" right="Public" value="" /> <Books title="Books" right="Public" value="" /> <Sports title="Sports" right="Public" value="" /> <Will title="Will" right="Public" value="" /> <FavouriteQuotes title="Favourite Quotes" right="Public" value="" /> <CremationPrefernces title="Cremation Prefernces" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="" /> </Fields> </HobbyInfo> <PermenantAddr> <Title value="Permenant Address" /> <Fields> <Address title="Address" right="Public" value="Select" /> <CityId title="CityId" right="Public" value="116" /> <CityName title="City" right="Public" value="Iran" /> <StateId title="StateId" right="Public" value="95" /> <StateName title="State" right="Public" value="Iran" /> <CountryId title="CountryId" right="Public" value="7" /> <CountryName title="Country" right="Public" value="Afghanistan" /> <ZipCode title="ZipCode" right="Private" value="" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="4/6/2010 10:48:39 AM" /> </Fields> </PermenantAddr> <PresentAddr> <Title value="Present Address" /> <Fields> <Address title="Address" right="Public" value="Select" /> <CityId title="CityId" right="Public" value="1" /> <CityName title="City" right="Public" value="Select" /> <StateId title="StateId" right="Public" value="1" /> <StateName title="State" right="Public" value="Select" /> <CountryId title="CountryId" right="Public" value="1" /> <CountryName title="Country" right="Public" value="Select" /> <ZipCode title="ZipCode" right="Private" value="" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="" /> </Fields> </PresentAddr> <ContactInfo> <Title value="Contact Details" /> <Fields> <DayPhoneNo title="Day Phone" right="Public" value="" /> <NightPhoneNo title="Night Phone" right="Public" value="" /> <MobileNo title="Mobile No" right="Private" value="" /> <FaxNo title="Fax No" right="CUG" value="" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="" /> </Fields> </ContactInfo> <EmailInfo> <Title value="Alternate Email Addresses" /> <Fields> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="3" /> <Provider title="Provider" right="Public" value="google" /> <EmailAddress title="Email Address" right="Public" value="[email protected]" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="false" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Mar 3 2010 10:17AM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="0" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value=" " /> </Record> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="4" /> <Provider title="Provider" right="Public" value="Yahoo" /> <EmailAddress title="Email Address" right="Public" value="[email protected]" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="false" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Mar 3 2010 6:53PM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="0" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value=" " /> </Record> <Record right="Private"> <Provider value="111" right="Private" /> <EmailAddress value="[email protected]" right="Private" /> <Id value="5" /> <IsActive value="true" right="Private" /> <ModifiedBy value="13" right="Private" /> <ModifiedOn value="Tuesday, March 16, 2010" right="Private" /> </Record> </Fields> </EmailInfo> <AcademicInfo> <Title value="Education Details" /> <Fields> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="0" /> <Education title="Education" right="Public" value="" /> <Institute title="Institute" right="Public" value="" /> <PassingYear title="Passing Year" right="Public" value="" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="" /> </Record> </Fields> </AcademicInfo> <AchievementInfo> <Title value="Achievement Details" /> <Fields> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="0" /> <Awards title="Award" right="Public" value="" /> <FieldOfAward title="Field Of Award" right="Public" value="" /> <Tournament title="Tournament" right="Public" value="" /> <AwardDescription title="Description" right="Public" value="" /> <AwardYear title="Award Year" right="Public" value="" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="" /> </Record> </Fields> </AchievementInfo> <ProfessionalInfo> <Title value="Professional Details" /> <Fields> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="4" /> <Occupation title="Occupation" right="Public" value="a" /> <Organization title="Organization" right="Public" value="a" /> <ProjectsDescription title="Description" right="Public" value="a" /> <Duration title="Duration" right="Public" value="2" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="false" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Jan 7 2010 1:14PM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="Jan 7 2010 1:14PM " /> </Record> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="5" /> <Occupation title="Occupation" right="Public" value="ab" /> <Organization title="Organization" right="Public" value="zsd" /> <ProjectsDescription title="Description" right="Public" value="sd" /> <Duration title="Duration" right="Public" value="5" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="false" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Jan 7 2010 1:15PM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="Jan 7 2010 1:15PM " /> </Record> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="8" /> <Occupation title="Occupation" right="Public" value="fgdf" /> <Organization title="Organization" right="Public" value="gdfg" /> <ProjectsDescription title="Description" right="Public" value="dfgdf" /> <Duration title="Duration" right="Public" value="12" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="false" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Feb 22 2010 5:07PM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="0" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="Jan 1 1900 12:00AM " /> </Record> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="9" /> <Occupation title="Occupation" right="Public" value="fgdf" /> <Organization title="Organization" right="Public" value="gdfg" /> <ProjectsDescription title="Description" right="Public" value="dfgdf" /> <Duration title="Duration" right="Public" value="12" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="false" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Feb 22 2010 5:11PM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="0" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="Jan 1 1900 12:00AM " /> </Record> <Record right="Public"> <Id title="Id" right="Public" value="10" /> <Occupation title="Occupation" right="Public" value="fgdf" /> <Organization title="Organization" right="Public" value="gdfg" /> <ProjectsDescription title="Description" right="Public" value="dfgdf" /> <Duration title="Duration" right="Public" value="12" /> <IsActive title="IsActive" right="Public" value="false" /> <CreatedBy title="CreatedBy" right="Public" value="13" /> <CreatedOn title="CreatedOn" right="Public" value="Feb 22 2010 5:13PM " /> <ModifiedBy title="ModifiedBy" right="Public" value="0" /> <ModifiedOn title="ModifiedOn" right="Public" value="Jan 1 1900 12:00AM " /> </Record> </Fields> </ProfessionalInfo> <SecuritySettings> <AlbumRights> <Create value="Private" /> <View value="CUG" /> <Edit value="CUG" /> <Delete value="CUG" /> <PostComments value="CUG" /> <AddToAlbum value="CUG" /> </AlbumRights> <ImageRights> <Create value="Private" /> <View value="CUG" /> <Edit value="CUG" /> <Delete value="CUG" /> <PostComments value="Private" /> </ImageRights> </SecuritySettings> </UserProfile> now when i am importing data from gedcom, i am creating one person object which contains all this info. but before i insert it itodatabase have to check if userid exist for the emailaddress dont update data else create a user and update its profilexml from data fecthed from gedcom. for this i think i need some soln by which i can do only one roundtrip to database and can update all user's xml. or i can execute one sp to get userid from all users where i'll check if user exist then return userid else insert basic data and return inserted userid then for every user make xml from data and update it. please provide be suggestion what is best practice to do this kind of development. if need any more details please write me

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• Why can't we just use a hash of passphrase as the encryption key (and IV) with symmetric encryption algorithms?

  - by TX_

  Inspired by my previous question, now I have a very interesting idea: Do you really ever need to use Rfc2898DeriveBytes or similar classes to "securely derive" the encryption key and initialization vector from the passphrase string, or will just a simple hash of that string work equally well as a key/IV, when encrypting the data with symmetric algorithm (e.g. AES, DES, etc.)? I see tons of AES encryption code snippets, where Rfc2898DeriveBytes class is used to derive the encryption key and initialization vector (IV) from the password string. It is assumed that one should use a random salt and a shitload of iterations to derive secure enough key/IV for the encryption. While deriving bytes from password string using this method is quite useful in some scenarios, I think that's not applicable when encrypting data with symmetric algorithms! Here is why: using salt makes sense when there is a possibility to build precalculated rainbow tables, and when attacker gets his hands on hash he looks up the original password as a result. But... with symmetric data encryption, I think this is not required, as the hash of password string, or the encryption key, is never stored anywhere. So, if we just get the SHA1 hash of password, and use it as the encryption key/IV, isn't that going to be equally secure? What is the purpose of using Rfc2898DeriveBytes class to generate key/IV from password string (which is a very very performance-intensive operation), when we could just use a SHA1 (or any other) hash of that password? Hash would result in random bit distribution in a key (as opposed to using string bytes directly). And attacker would have to brute-force the whole range of key (e.g. if key length is 256bit he would have to try 2^256 combinations) anyway. So either I'm wrong in a dangerous way, or all those samples of AES encryption (including many upvoted answers here at SO), etc. that use Rfc2898DeriveBytes method to generate encryption key and IV are just wrong.

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• Opportunities for Partners with Oracle in the Public Sector - Live Webcast, January 18th

  - by Paulo Folgado

  LIVE WEBCAST - OPPORTUNITIES FOR PARTNERS WITH ORACLE IN THE PUBLIC SECTORTUESDAY, JANUARY 18th, 2011Learn about Oracle's industry strategy for the Public Sector and resources available to partners.  Each webcast will include information and answers to questions from Oracle's public sector leadership for that region.AGENDA·         Oracle's Public Sector Industry Strategy·         Oracle Partner Network (OPN) Overview·         Public Sector Knowledge Zone·         Specialization·         Oracle Validated Integration·         Solution Catalog·         How to engage with Oracle·         Questions and AnswersWEBCAST SCHEDULE AND LOGISTICSPlease attend the webcast for your region on Tuesday, January 18th: Region Time Web Conference Details*Please join both the Web and Audio conferences Audio Details Asia / Pacific 10:00 AM Signapore 1:00 PM Sydney 2:00 AM GMT  https://enablement20.webex.com/Session Number: 592 054 744Password: Oracle123 International Toll Free Dial-inConference Code: 2739403Security Pass code: 12345 EuropeMiddle EastAfrica  1:00 PM GMT/London https://enablement20.webex.com/Session Number: 596 548 609Password: Oracle123 International Toll Free Dial-inConference Code: 2739403Security Pass code: 12345 Americas  1:00 PM Eastern10:00 AM Pacific 6:00 PM GMT https://enablement20.webex.com/Session Number: 597 728 102Password: Oracle123 International Toll Free Dial-inConference Code: 2739403Security Pass code: 12345 VISIT THE PUBLIC SECTOR KNOWLEDGE ZONEClick Here to access the Knowledge Zone.  Copyright © 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contact Us | Legal Notices and Terms of Use | Privacy Statement      

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• SQL Server Column Level Encryption - Rotating Keys

  - by BarDev

  We are thinking about using SQL Server Column (cell) Level Encryption for sensitive data. There should be no problem when we initially encryption the column, but we have requirements that every year the Encryption Key needs to change. It seems that this requirement may be problem. Assumption: The table that includes the column that has sensitive data will have 500 million records. Below are the steps we have thought about implementing. During the encryption/decryption process is the data online, and also how long would this process take? Initially encrypt the column New Year Decrypt the column Encrypt the column with new key. Question : When the column is being decrypted/encrypted is the data online (available to be query)? Does SQL Server provide feature that allows for key changes while the data is online? BarDev

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• Linux: Encryption of a physical LVM volume doesn't imply encryption of its logical subvolumes?

  - by java.is.for.desktop

  Hello, everyone! I installed OpenSuse one year ago on my notebook. I created all partitions except /boot inside an LVM partition. I enabled encryption for it during setup. The system asked me a password on each boot later. Everything seemed fine... But one day I wanted to cancel the boot process and did it with SysRq REISUB. During entering this combination, the system suddenly continued to boot without any password being entered. I had no /home and no swap, but / was mounted! I checked multiple times, it was inside an "encrypted" physical LVM volume. Later I found out that OpenSuse can't encrypt / at all. There is an option to enable encryption for each logical volume, and indeed it fails for /. Later I tried Fedora. The options during partitioning were misleading by same means. I could enable "encryption" of a physical volume and each logical subvolume. With the exception that Fedora actually allowed to encrypt /. Question: What's the point of setting up "encryption" for a physical LVM volume, when it doesn't imply (real) encryption of its logical subvolumes? Did I get something wrong in this whole concept?

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• Amazon S3 - Storage Class and Server Side Encryption

  - by Steven

  Ahhh! I am using Amazon S3 for some low price storage to clear down out SAN. I created the bucket and created a root folder. I set the storage class to standard and server side encryption AES. I started a copy job to move the files, some files copied over and i checked the files: Reduced Redundancy Encryption set to none WTF? So i deleted all files and folders. I manuallyed created the folder structure and again set the storage class and encryption level. I coped some files and bamm, still showing (at a file level as Reduced and no encryption). So my question is this, is it really raid'd and encrypted just not showing it properly (as the root folder is, how can the file not be??) or (b) am i being a huge tool and missing something?

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• Find Randomart of existing ssh key

  - by Iori

  I have created a ssh-keygen and i got this result The key fingerprint is: 84:4b:3d:7a:d5:5e:58:15:a0:b6:ab:0f:03:3b:3b:82 ir@ir-Notebook The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 4048]----+ | .ooo| | o ..o | | o + .oo . | | . + o.... | | o.S .. | | .o . | | . o o . | | E . .o + | | ...... | +-----------------+ this is generated when key is created. is there any way to view Randomeart of a existing key And what is the purpose of this Randomart in cryptography. Thanks

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• New ZFS Encryption features in Solaris 11.1

  - by darrenm

  Solaris 11.1 brings a few small but significant improvements to ZFS dataset encryption.  There is a new readonly property 'keychangedate' that shows that date and time of the last wrapping key change (basically the last time 'zfs key -c' was run on the dataset), this is similar to the 'rekeydate' property that shows the last time we added a new data encryption key. $ zfs get creation,keychangedate,rekeydate rpool/export/home/bob NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE rpool/export/home/bob creation Mon Mar 21 11:05 2011 - rpool/export/home/bob keychangedate Fri Oct 26 11:50 2012 local rpool/export/home/bob rekeydate Tue Oct 30 9:53 2012 local The above example shows that we have changed both the wrapping key and added new data encryption keys since the filesystem was initially created.  If we haven't changed a wrapping key then it will be the same as the creation date.  It should be obvious but for filesystems that were created prior to Solaris 11.1 we don't have this data so it will be displayed as '-' instead. Another change that I made was to relax the restriction that the size of the wrapping key needed to match the size of the data encryption key (ie the size given in the encryption property).  In Solaris 11 Express and Solaris 11 if you set encryption=aes-256-ccm we required that the wrapping key be 256 bits in length.  This restriction was unnecessary and made it impossible to select encryption property values with key lengths 128 and 192 when the wrapping key was stored in the Oracle Key Manager.  This is because currently the Oracle Key Manager stores AES 256 bit keys only.  Now with Solaris 11.1 this restriciton has been removed. There is still one case were the wrapping key size and data encryption key size will always match and that is where they keysource property sets the format to be 'passphrase', since this is a key generated internally to libzfs and to preseve compatibility on upgrade from older releases the code will always generate a wrapping key (using PKCS#5 PBKDF2 as before) that matches the key length size of the encryption property. The pam_zfs_key module has been updated so that it allows you to specify encryption=off. There were also some bugs fixed including not attempting to load keys for datasets that are delegated to zones and some other fixes to error paths to ensure that we could support Zones On Shared Storage where all the datasets in the ZFS pool were encrypted that I discussed in my previous blog entry. If there are features you would like to see for ZFS encryption please let me know (direct email or comments on this blog are fine, or if you have a support contract having your support rep log an enhancement request).

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• Understanding encryption Keys

  - by claws

  Hello, I'm really embarrassed to ask this question but its the fact that I don't know anything about encryption. I always avoided it. I don't understand the concept of encryption keys (public key, private key, RSA key, DSA key, PGP Key, SSH key & what not) . I did encounter these in regular basis but as I said I always avoided them. Here are few instances where I encountered: Creating Account: A public RSA or DSA key will be needed for an account. Send the key along with your desired account name to [email protected] I really don't know what are RSA/DSA or How to get their keys? Do I need to register some where for that? Mailing: I'm unable to recall exactly but I've seen some mails have some attachments like signature or the mail footer will have something called PGP signature etc.. I really don't get its concept. GIT Version control: I created account in assembla.com (for private GIT repo) and it asked me to enter "SSH keys" to my profile. Where am I gonna get these? Why do I need it? Isn't SSH related to remote login (like remote desktop or telnet)? How are these two SSHs related & differ? I don't know in how many more situations I'm going to encounter these things. I'm really confused and have no clue about where to start & how to proceed to learn these things. Kindly someone point me in correct direction. Note: I've absolutely zero interested in encryption related topics. So, there is no way I'm going to read a graduate level book on this subject. I just want to clear my concepts without going into much depth.

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• Encrypt a file base upon a pregenerated "key" C#

  - by Anubis

  Hello everyone. I'm trying to determine the best course of action to implement a simple "licensing" system with a partner of mine. The concept is: Generate an encrypted value based upon several internal hardware components. Have the customer send this value to us which we will implement into our key generator. Once we have that, we add any other restrictions on the license (user, expires, etc.). From there we generate a file which we send to the customer they can add to their installation and voila, happy people about. I have the first part all done. My next part is trying to figure out which encryption methodology I would need to use. I already know Symmetric Encryption is pretty much the only route I can take. Most of the information I have found involves .NET already creating a key from its own internal methods. That's a bit of background, my question is: "Which encryption method could I use which would allow me to encrypt the restrictions based upon the "id" I was given from the customer's computer?" I'm writing this in C# by the way. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated! Take Care!

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• Should foreign keys become table primary key?

  - by Carvell Fenton

  Hello again, I have a table (session_comments) with the following fields structure: student_id (foreign key to students table) session_id (foreign key to sessions table) session_subject_ID (foreign key to session_subjects table) user_id (foreign key to users table) comment_date_time comment Now, the combination of student_id, session_id, and session_subject_id will uniquely identify a comment about that student for that session subject. Given that combined they are unique, even though they are foreign keys, is there an advantage to me making them the combined primary key for that table? Thanks again.

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• Bind the windows key to Lubuntu start menu

  - by abel

  I am running Lubuntu 11.10. By default the main menu is bound to Alt+F1 (A-F1) which works. Here is the relevant code from ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml <keybind key="A-F1"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxpanelctl menu</command> </action> </keybind> This works. When I hit Alt+F1, I can see the start menu. If I change the keys to "Windows key + M" (W-m), I can pull up the start menu using Win+M <keybind key="W-m"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxpanelctl menu</command> </action> </keybind> However, I cannot bind the start menu to the Windows key alone. If I try replacing "W-m" by "W", the "W" alphabet key gets bound to the start menu. If I try "W-" nothing happens, I have tried the "Super" option too but to no avail. How can I bind the Lubuntu main menu to the windows Key? I have been through some relevant lubuntu questions, like this one, which tries to do the opposite. How do I unbind Super key from menu in Lubuntu

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• 12.04 home encrypted and I have written down encryption passphrase. How to reset login password?

  - by Stevie

  I set up a friend with 12.04 and he forgot his password. I encrypted his home directory and I have written down the encryption passphrase during the first boot. If he changed his password after I wrote down the encryption passphrase during the first boot is this original encryption passphrase of any use? What should I do to reset or recover his password and keep everything accessible and functionally intact with the encrypted home directory?

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• Mysql Encryption and Key managment

  - by microchasm

  I am developing a local intranet system in PHP/MySQL to manage our client data. It seems that the best practice would be to encrypt the sensitive data on the MYSQL server as it is being entered. I am not clear, though, on what would be the best way to do this while still having the data readily accessible. It seems like a tough question to answer: where is the key(s) stored? How to best protect the key? If the key is stored on each users' machine, how to protect it if the machine is exploited? If the key is exploited, how to change the key? If the key is to be stored in the db, how to protect it there? How would users access it? If anyone could point me in the right direction, or give some tips I'd be very grateful. Thanks.

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• Recommended drive encryption solution

  - by Chris Driver

  Hello, I will soon be purchasing a number of laptops running Windows 7 for our mobile staff. Due to the nature of our business I will need drive encryption. Windows BitLocker seems the obvious choice, but it looks like I need to purchase either Windows 7 Enterprise or Ultimate editions to get it. Can anyone offer suggestions on the best course of action: a) Use BitLocker, bite the bullet and pay to upgrade to Enterprise/Ultimate b) Pay for another 3rd party drive encryption product that is cheaper (suggestions appreciated) c) Use a free drive encryption product such as TrueCrypt Ideally I am also interested in 'real world' experience from people who are using drive encryption software and any pitfalls to look out for. Many thanks in advance... UPDATE Decided to go with TrueCrypt for the following reasons: a) The product has a good track record b) I am not managing a large quantity of laptops so integration with Active Directory, Management consoles etc is not a huge benefit c) Although eks did make a good point about Evil Maid (EM) attacks, our data is not that desirable to consider it a major factor d) The cost (free) is a big plus but not the primary motivator The next problem I face is imaging (Acronis/Ghost/..) encrypted drives will not work unless I perform sector-by-sector imaging. That means an 80Gb encrypted partition creates an 80Gb image file :(

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• Problem exporting RSA key -'key not valid for use in specified state'

  - by asp316

  I'm encrypting the web.config in our web sites using aspnet_regiis. However, I want the ability to export the encryption key so if we need to move from Machine A to Machine B, asp.net will be able to decrypt it. When I run aspnetregiis -px "NetFrameworkConfigurationKey" c:\keys.xml -pri, I get the following : 'Key not valid for use in specified state'. I've seen all kinds of responses online but they don't seem to apply. It's not an invalid key because when I use aspnet_regiis to encrypt sections of the web.config, they encrypt fine. Ideas?

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• Why does Amazon release private keys instead of public keys?

  - by S37H

  My brain is wrapped around the axle on public and private keys. When you create a cloud server (instance) on Amazon's EC2 service and then want to connect to it via SSH, Amazon requires you to download private a key to make the connection. Doesn't the idea behind public/private key suggest that Amazon should be require you to download a public one? Further, if I set up an SFTP server for a customer to use, should I be installing their key on the server or giving them a key from the server? In either case, should it be a public or private key?

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• Simple, user friendly and strong file encryption in Windows

  - by Adam Matan

  I want a colleague of mine to send me a sensitive MS-Word document via e-mail. Since Word's encryption is questionable, I would like to encrypt the file using a passphrase. Do you know of any user-friendly encryption tool that a novice user can easily use? I wouldn't like to prompt for keys or anything like this - just provide simple interface for single file encryption. EDIT: I have solved this using Putty Secure Copy, through a Linux box I have somewhere. The user downloaded scp to the same directory where the file was, and I have send him the exact scp command by mail. Nice! Another Edit I have some additions (mainly the usage of winscp and perhaps virtual machines). My detailed answer appears below, as requested in comments.

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• asymetric encryption of directory

  - by ftiaronsem

  Hello alltogether Currently I am wondering whether it is possible to apply asymetric encryption of a directory in Linux. I would like to achieve the following: Write log files to /var/log/secret Everything written to /var/log/secret is instantly encrypted by a public RSA key (or something similar) The encryption programms I know, i.e. ecryptfs do not support asymetric encryption of files, at least as far as I know. (Correct me if I am wrong). Therefore I am asking here whether you know of any possibility to implement this. Thanks in advance

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• How to assign the array key a value, when the key name is itself a variable

  - by Matrym

  How do I identify an item in a hash array if the key of the array is only known within a variable? For example: var key = "myKey"; var array = {myKey: 1, anotherKey: 2}; alert(array.key); Also, how would I assign a value to that key, having identified it with the variable? This is, of course, assuming that I must use the variable key to identify which item in the array to alert. Thanks in advance!

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• mysql complex key or + auto increment key (guid)

  - by darko

  Hi, I have not very big db. I am using auto increment primary keys and in my case there is no problem with that. GUID is not necessary. I have a table containing this fields: from_destination to_testination shipper quantity Where the fields 1,2,3 needs to be unique. Also I have second table that for the fields 1,2,3 stores bought quantities per day One to many. from_destination to_destination shipper date reserved_quantity case 1 Is it better to make fields 1,2,3 as primary complex key in the first table and the same fields in the second table to be foreign key First table from_destination | to_destination | primary shipper | quaitity Second table second_id - autoincrement primary from_destination | to_destination | foreign key shipper | date reserved_quantity Case 2 or just to add auto increment filed in the first table and make fields 1,2,3 unique. In the second table there will be one ingeger foreign key pointing to the first table, and one auto increment key for the table. First table first_id - autoincrement primary from_destination | to_destination | unique shipper | quaitity Second table second_id - autoincrement primary first_id - forein date reserved_quantity If so why we need complex keys, when we can have one field auto increment or GUID and all other fields that are candidates for complex key to be unique. Regards

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