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• What's the scope of a Python variable declared in an if statement?

  - by froadie

  I'm new to Python, so this is probably a simple scoping question. The following code in a Python file (module) is confusing me slightly: if __name__ == '__main__': x = 1 print x In other languages I've worked in, this code would throw an exception, as the x variable is local to the if statement and should not exist outside of it. But this code executes, and prints 1. Can anyone explain this behavior? Are all variables declared in a module global/available to the entire module?

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• How can I return a variable from a $.getJSON function

  - by Sean Chambers

  I want to return StudentId to use elsewhere outside of the scope of the $.getJSON() j.getJSON(url, data, function(result) { var studentId = result.Something; }); //use studentId here I would imagine this has to do with scoping, but it doesn't seem to work the same way c# does

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• Giving my function access to outside variable

  - by brett

  I have an array outside: $myArr = array(); I would like to give my function access to the array outside it so it can add values to it function someFuntion(){ $myVal = //some processing here to determine value of $myVal $myArr[] = $myVal; } How do I give the function the right scoping to the variable?

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• Why can't my function access a variable in an enclosing function?

  - by nailer

  I know about the LEGB rule. But a simple test of whether a function has read access to variables defined in an enclosing function doesn't seem to actually work. Ie: #!/usr/bin/env python2.4 '''Simple test of Python scoping rules''' def myfunction(): print 'Hope this works: '+myvariable def enclosing(): myvariable = 'ooh this worked' myfunction() if __name__ == '__main__': enclosing() Returns: NameError: global name 'myvariable' is not defined Am I doing something wrong? Is there more to it than the LEGB resolution order?

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• Why would one write global code inside a function definition-call pair?

  - by ssg

  I see examples where JavaScript code including jQuery and jslint use the notation below: (function(){ // do something })(); instead of: // do something I first thought this is just for local scoping, i.e. creating local variables for the code block without polluting global namespace. But I've seen instances without any local variables at all too. What am I missing here?

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• Looking for a chart of Wpf Bindings

  - by BSalita

  I'm probably typical in being bewildered by the many syntaxes of Wpf binding. Does anyone know of a chart that lays out all the possibilities. Across one axis is all the variations of binding syntaxes (Static, Dynamic, Self, ...), the other axis are all the variations of scoping and type. The intersection of the axis show an example. Surely someone, some author has done this, eh?

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• JavaScript local alias pattern

  - by Bertrand Le Roy

  Here’s a little pattern that is fairly common from JavaScript developers but that is not very well known from C# developers or people doing only occasional JavaScript development. In C#, you can use a “using” directive to create aliases of namespaces or bring them to the global scope: namespace Fluent.IO { using System; using System.Collections; using SystemIO = System.IO; In JavaScript, the only scoping construct there is is the function, but it can also be used as a local aliasing device, just like the above using directive: (function($, dv) { $("#foo").doSomething(); var a = new dv("#bar"); })(jQuery, Sys.UI.DataView); This piece of code is making the jQuery object accessible using the $ alias throughout the code that lives inside of the function, without polluting the global scope with another variable. The benefit is even bigger for the dv alias which stands here for Sys.UI.DataView: think of the reduction in file size if you use that one a lot or about how much less you’ll have to type… I’ve taken the habit of putting almost all of my code, even page-specific code, inside one of those closures, not just because it keeps the global scope clean but mostly because of that handy aliasing capability.

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• Free Oracle Special Edition eBooks - Cloud Architecture & Enterprise Cloud

  - by Thanos

  Cloud computing can improve your business agility, lower operating costs, and speed innovation. The key to making it work is the architecture. Learn how to define your architectural requirements and get started on your path to cloud computing with the free oracle special edition e-book, Cloud Architecture for Dummies.   Topics covered in this quick reference guide include: Cloud architecture principles and guidelines Scoping your project and choosing your deployment model Moving toward implementation with vertically integrated engineered systems Learn how to architect and model your cloud implementation to drive efficiency and leverage economies of scale. For more information, visit oracle.com/cloud and our cloud services at cloud.oracle.com Specifically Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is critical to the success of many enterprises. Want to build a private Cloud infrastructure and cut down IT costs? Learn more about Oracle's highly integrated infrastructure software and hardware to help you architect and deploy a cloud infrastructure that is optimized for the needs of your enterprise from day one. Download the free e-book of Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure for Dummies to: Realize the benefits of consolidation with the added cloud capabilities Simplify deployments and reduce risks with tested and proven guidelines Achieve up to 50% lower TCO than comparable multi-vendor alternatives Choosing the right infrastructure technologies is essential to capitalizing on the benefits of cloud computing. Oracle Optimized Solution for Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure helps identify the right hardware and software stack and provides configuration guidelines for your cloud. With this book, you come to understand Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure and find out how to jumpstart your IaaS cloud plans. You also discover Oracle Optimized Solutions and learn how integration testing and proven best practices maximize your IT investments. In addition, you see how to architect and deploy your IaaS cloud to drive down costs and improve performance, how to understand and select the right private cloud strategy for you, what key cloud infrastructure elements are and how to use them to achieve your business goals, and more. For more information, visit oracle.com/oos.

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• One-week release cycle: how do I make this feasible?

  - by Arkaaito

  At my company (3-yr-old web industry startup), we have frequent problems with the product team saying "aaaah this is a crisis patch it now!" (doesn't everybody?) This has an impact on the productivity (and morale) of engineering staff, self included. Management has spent some time thinking about how to reduce the frequency of these same-day requests and has come up with the solution that we are going to have a release every week. (Previously we'd been doing one every two weeks, which usually slipped by a couple of days or so.) There are 13 developers and 6 local / 9 offshore testers; the theory is that only 4 developers (and all testers) will work on even-numbered releases, unless a piece of work comes up that really requires some specific expertise from one of the other devs. Each cycle will contain two days of dev work and two days of QA work (plus 1 day of scoping / triage / ...). My questions are: (a) Does anyone have experience with this length of release cycle? (b) Has anyone heard of this length of release cycle even being attempted? (c) If (a) or (b), how on Earth do you make it work? (Any pitfalls to avoid, etc., are also appreciated.) (d) How can we minimize the damage if this effort fails?

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• BizTalk 2009 - Scoped Record Counting in Maps

  - by StuartBrierley

  Within BizTalk there is a functoid called Record Count that will return the number of instances of a repeated record or repeated element that occur in a message instance. The input to this functoid is the record or element to be counted. As an example take the following Source schema, where the Source message has a repeated record called Box and each Box has a repeated element called Item: An instance of this Source schema may look as follows; 2 box records - one with 2 items and one with only 1 item. Our destination schema has a number of elements and a repeated box record.  The top level elements contain totals for the number of boxes and the overall number of items.  Each box record contains a single element representing the number of items in that box. Using the Record Count functoid it is easy to map the top level elements, producing the expected totals of 2 boxes and 3 items: We now need to map the total number of items per box, but how will we do this?  We have already seen that the record count functoid returns the total number of instances for the entire message, and unfortunately it does not allow you to specify a scoping parameter.  In order to acheive Scoped Record Counting we will need to make use of a combination of functoids. As you can see above, by linking to a Logical Existence functoid from the record/element to be counted we can then feed the output into a Value Mapping functoid.  Set the other Value Mapping parameter to "1" and link the output to a Cumulative Sum functoid. Set the other Cumulative Sum functoid parameter to "1" to limit the scope of the Cumulative Sum. This gives us the expected results of Items per Box of 2 and 1 respectively. I ran into this issue with a larger schema on a more complex map, but the eventual solution is still the same.  Hopefully this simplified example will act as a good reminder to me and save someone out there a few minutes of brain scratching.

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• LaTeX at symbol

  - by secondbanana

  What does the @ symbol mean in LaTeX? I'm looking at the source of apa.cls, and there's a declaration: \newsavebox\gr@box and later on \sbox\gr@box{\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{#2}}. It seems like @ isn't acting as a normal character, but I can't figure out exactly what it's doing, and couldn't find anything after bit of googling (how I would love a Google regex feature!) Thanks. EDIT: Thanks for the help; of the links I looked through I found http://www.tug.org/pipermail/tugindia/2002-January/000178.html to be very helpful and concise. To summarize, the @ character is not normally allowed in the names of macros, so as a hack for scoping, LaTeX packages declare it internally to be a valid name character and use it for their macros. You can use \makeatletter in a document to access these macros, but you obviously must be very careful since you have can now overwrite essential LaTeX kernel macros; use \makeatother to revert.

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• Resolution Problem with HttpRequestScoped in Autofac

  - by Page Brooks

  I'm trying to resolve the AccountController in my application, but it seems that I have a lifetime scoping issue. builder.Register(c => new MyDataContext(connectionString)).As<IDatabase>().HttpRequestScoped(); builder.Register(c => new UnitOfWork(c.Resolve<IDatabase>())).As<IUnitOfWork>().HttpRequestScoped(); builder.Register(c => new AccountService(c.Resolve<IDatabase>())).As<IAccountService>().InstancePerLifetimeScope(); builder.Register(c => new AccountController(c.Resolve<IAccountService>())).InstancePerDependency(); I need MyDataContext and UnitOfWork to be scoped at the HttpRequestLevel. When I try to resolve the AccountController, I get the following error: No scope matching the expression 'value(Autofac.Builder.RegistrationBuilder`3+<c__DisplayClass0[...]).lifetimeScopeTag.Equals(scope.Tag)' is visible from the scope in which the instance was requested. Do I have my dependency lifetimes set up incorrectly?

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• Overriding a function in Emacs Lisp

  - by scrapdog

  I would like to temporarily override the kill-new function. I have a way I want to reimplement kill-new that works in only in certain contexts, but I don't want to reimplement a special version of kill-region on top of that. (kill-new is called from kill-region) Since Emacs Lisp uses dynamic scoping, this should be possible, right? (On the other hand, it seems that this would be an unsafe thing to support, and it might make me a bit nervous knowing that it is possible...) I have experimented with using let and fset, but so far have found no way to get it to work as expected. So, hopefully someone can fill in the blank in the following pseudocode: (defun my-kill-new (string &optional replace yank-handler) (message "in my-kill-new!")) (defun foo () (some-form-that-binds-a-function (kill-new my-kill-new) (kill-region (point) (mark)))) What should some-form-that-binds-a-function be? Or am I barking up the wrong tree?

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• Global variable life in Javascript - destroyed on a reload?

  - by Paul Nathan

  (I am learning Javascript) Problem: A page I am working on has 2 views, a data entry view with a textbox and a data rendering view. There is a a href src="currentpage#" link that switches between the 2 views. In order to transmit data from view to view, the javascript parses it from the current HTML and pushes it into the correct form for the other view. This is ugly and I want to refactor it out, ideally into some sort of global where it can be neatly rendered down into the view on command (I'm refactoring the code base to a point where I can AJAX it from a server). However, I am not certain about scoping rules and variable life in JS.

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• can lapply not modify variables in a higher scope

  - by stevejb

  I often want to do essentially the following: mat <- matrix(0,nrow=10,ncol=1) lapply(1:10, function(i) { mat[i,] <- rnorm(1,mean=i)}) But, I would expect that mat would have 10 random numbers in it, but rather it has 0. (I am not worried about the rnorm part. Clearly there is a right way to do that. I am worry about affecting mat from within an anonymous function of lapply) Can I not affect matrix mat from inside lapply? Why not? Is there a scoping rule of R that is blocking this?

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• API for accessing PHP documentation?

  - by Chad Johnson

  I'm done some Googling, and I've found nothing. I'm scoping out writing a plugin for an editor I use, and I am wondering whether there is a way I can access the PHP documentation via an API? For instance, I'd like to get raw access to the information (besides the comments) located here: http://php.net/file_exists. php.net seemingly uses MediaWiki which provides an API. The tutorial provides the example URL, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=login&format=xml. This does not work for php.net, however (http://php.net/w/api.php?action=login&format=xml). I'm just looking for a little information on how to interface with the PHP documentation.

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• Umbrella websites with Microsites & Blogs - recommendations

  - by pingu

  Hi guys, I'm in the process of scoping a solution for an events organisation. Their main website features information about them and blog entries etc, but they hold major events which require microsites (domain.com/event). The microsites all have a different look-and-feel, different nav structure, and custom content-managed components. The one thing that's common across everything is the blog - it will have a category for each event under which users can post. How would you guys implement this? The solution needs to be PHP, and my initial thought was CodeIgniter but if possible I'd like to avoid building the blog functionality - so I guess I could integrate it with EE or Wordpress. If anyone has any other suggestions they would be most appreciated.

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• Write a function in c that includes the following sequence of statements [Wont Compile]

  - by Cody

  There is a question in my programming languages textbook that is as follows: Write a C function that includes the following sequence of statements: x = 21; int x; x = 42; Run the program and explain the results. Rewrite the same code in C++ and Java and compare the results. I have written code, and played with it in all three languages but I can not even get it to compile. This includes declaring x above the three lines as well as in the calling function (as this question is obviously attempting to illustrate scoping issues) I'd like to explain the results and do the comparisons on my own, as it is an assignment question but I was wondering if anyone had any insight as to how to get this code to compile? Thanks

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• Improve this snippet from a prototype class

  - by seengee

  This is a snippet from a prototype class i am putting together. The scoping workaround feels a little hacky to me, can it be improved or done differently? var myClass = Class.create({ initialize: function() { $('formid').getElements().each(function(el){ $(el).observe("blur", function(){ this.validateEl(el); }.bind(this,el)); },this); }, validateEl: function(el){ // validate $(el) in here... } }); Also, it seems to me that i could be doing something like this for the event observers: $('formid').getElements().invoke("observe","blur" ... Not sure how i would pass the element references in though?

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• Website with Microsites & Blog - recommendations

  - by pingu

  Hi guys, I'm in the process of scoping a solution for an events organisation. Their main website features information about them and blog entries etc, but they hold major events which require microsites (domain.com/event). The microsites all have a different look-and-feel, different nav structure, and custom content-managed components. The one thing that's common across everything is the blog - it will have a category for each event under which users can post. The main site will display all blog posts, but the microsites will only display posts for their category. How would you guys implement this? The solution needs to be PHP, and my initial thought was CodeIgniter but if possible I'd like to avoid building the blog functionality - so I guess I could integrate it with EE or Wordpress. If anyone has any other suggestions they would be most appreciated.

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• Pass page scope attributes to a JSP using pagecontext.include for use in JSTL?

  - by hal10001

  We're using this JSP template solution almost verbatim at work: http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/javaserverpages/jsp_templates/ When it gets JSP pages to be included, it uses pageContext.include, which leaves us with one problem, and that is that we have a lot of scriplet code that gets initialized in the JSP itself (tag soup). My thought was to modify the template tag with an additional attribute that is a package path reference to a class with an init or execute method. That execute would get called first, and would add page context attributes before including the JSP. We would then use JSTL to access those attributes. However, I was told this wouldn't work because of how pageContext.include works, and the inability to pass through attributes scoped to the page. Is that true, and are there workarounds? I'm so-so on knowing all my scoping rules.

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• Using ASP.Net 4.0 for new Dev projects

  - by JBeckton

  I am currently in the early stages of developing a couple web applications, I have not written any code yet as I am still just gathering requirements and scoping things out. I want to target ASP.Net 4.0 winforms as the platform for these apps but I want to make sure there are no glaring issues with this new version before I commit. I understand that if I was porting an existing app from 2.0, 3.5 to 4.0 there may be issues but I am starting from scratch on these projects and plan to write these apps to support the new features of 4.0. Should I wait for the first service pack to come out? Just seems like more work to start with 3.5 now only to go back through and tweak things for 4.0 in just a few months or even before I finish the app. Our servers are Win 2K3 with IIS6 and MS SQL 2000, Should I expect any problems with VS 2010 and MS SQL 2000 in regards to Linq to SQL and EF?

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• How do you determine how coarse or fine-grained a 'responsibility' should be when using the single r

  - by Mark Rogers

  In the SRP, a 'responsibility' is usually described as 'a reason to change', so that each class (or object?) should have only one reason someone should have to go in there and change it. But if you take this to the extreme fine-grain you could say that an object adding two numbers together is a responsibility and a possible reason to change. Therefore the object should contain no other logic, because it would produce another reason for change. I'm curious if there is anyone out there that has any strategies for 'scoping', the single-responsibility principle that's slightly less objective?

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• Top 31 Favorite Features in Windows Server 2012

  - by KeithMayer

  Over the past month, my fellow IT Pro Technical Evangelists and I have authored a series of articles about our Top 31 Favorite Features in Windows Server 2012.  Now that our series is complete, I’m providing a clickable index below of all of the articles in the series for your convenience, just in case you perhaps missed any of them when they were first released.  Hope you enjoy our Favorite Features in Windows Server 2012! Top 31 Favorite Features in Windows Server 2012 The Cloud OS Platform by Kevin Remde Server Manager in Windows Server 2012 by Brian Lewis Feel the Power of PowerShell 3.0 by Matt Hester Live Migrate Your VMS in One Line of PowerShell by Keith Mayer Windows Server 2012 and Hyper-V Replica by Kevin Remde Right-size IT Budgets with “Storage Spaces” by Keith Mayer Yes, there is an “I” in Team – the NIC Team! by Kevin Remde Hyper-V Network Virtualization by Keith Mayer Get Happy over the FREE Hyper-V Server 2012 by Matt Hester Simplified BranchCache in Windows Server 2012 by Brian Lewis Getting Snippy with PowerShell 3.0 by Matt Hester How to Get Unbelievable Data Deduplication Results by Chris Henley of Veeam Simplified VDI Configuration and Management by Brian Lewis Taming the New Task Manager by Keith Mayer Improve File Server Resiliency with ReFS by Keith Mayer Simplified DirectAccess by Sumeeth Evans SMB 3.0 – The Glue in Windows Server 2012 by Matt Hester Continuously Available File Shares by Steven Murawski of Edgenet Server Core - Improved Taste, Less Filling, More Uptime by Keith Mayer Extend Your Hyper-V Virtual Switch by Kevin Remde To NIC or to Not NIC Hardware Requirements by Brian Lewis Simplified Licensing and Server Versions by Kevin Remde I Think, Therefore IPAM! by Kevin Remde Windows Server 2012 and the RSATs by Kevin Remde Top 3 New Tricks in the Active Directory Admin Center by Keith Mayer Dynamic Access Control by Brian Lewis Get the Gremlin out of Your Active Directory Virtualized Infrastructure by Matt Hester Scoping out the New DHCP Failover by Keith Mayer Gone in 8 Seconds – The New CHKDSK by Matt Hester New Remote Desktop Services (RDS) by Brian Lewis No Better Time Than Now to Choose Hyper-V by Matt Hester What’s Next? Keep Learning! Want to learn more about Windows Server 2012 and Hyper-V Server 2012?  Want to prepare for certification on Windows Server 2012? Do It: Join our Windows Server 2012 “Early Experts” Challenge online peer study group for FREE at http://earlyexperts.net. You’ll get FREE access to video-based lectures, structured study materials and hands-on lab activities to help you study and prepare!  Along the way, you’ll be part of an IT Pro community of over 1,000+ IT Pros that are all helping each other learn Windows Server 2012! What are Your Favorite Features? Do you have a Favorite Feature in Windows Server 2012 that we missed in our list above?  Feel free to share your favorites in the comments below! Keith Build Your Lab! Download Windows Server 2012 Don’t Have a Lab? Build Your Lab in the Cloud with Windows Azure Virtual Machines Want to Get Certified? Join our Windows Server 2012 "Early Experts" Study Group

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• How can a solo programmer become a good team player?

  - by Nick

  I've been programming (obsessively) since I was 12. I am fairly knowledgeable across the spectrum of languages out there, from assembly, to C++, to Javascript, to Haskell, Lisp, and Qi. But all of my projects have been by myself. I got my degree in chemical engineering, not CS or computer engineering, but for the first time this fall I'll be working on a large programming project with other people, and I have no clue how to prepare. I've been using Windows all of my life, but this project is going to be very unix-y, so I purchased a Mac recently in the hopes of familiarizing myself with the environment. I was fortunate to participate in a hackathon with some friends this past year -- both CS majors -- and excitingly enough, we won. But I realized as I worked with them that their workflow was very different from mine. They used Git for version control. I had never used it at the time, but I've since learned all that I can about it. They also used a lot of frameworks and libraries. I had to learn what Rails was pretty much overnight for the hackathon (on the other hand, they didn't know what lexical scoping or closures were). All of our code worked well, but they didn't understand mine, and I didn't understand theirs. I hear references to things that real programmers do on a daily basis -- unit testing, code reviews, but I only have the vaguest sense of what these are. I normally don't have many bugs in my little projects, so I have never needed a bug tracking system or tests for them. And the last thing is that it takes me a long time to understand other people's code. Variable naming conventions (that vary with each new language) are difficult (__mzkwpSomRidicAbbrev), and I find the loose coupling difficult. That's not to say I don't loosely couple things -- I think I'm quite good at it for my own work, but when I download something like the Linux kernel or the Chromium source code to look at it, I spend hours trying to figure out how all of these oddly named directories and files connect. It's a programming sin to reinvent the wheel, but I often find it's just quicker to write up the functionality myself than to spend hours dissecting some library. Obviously, people who do this for a living don't have these problems, and I'll need to get to that point myself. Question: What are some steps that I can take to begin "integrating" with everyone else? Thanks!

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