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  • Is a finite state machine an appropriate solution for this situation?

    - by user1936
    I was writing some test code as an example where I had a washing machine class. It has a door state that should be open or closed, and also a running state, either on or off. I want to prevent the running state from changing from 'off' to 'on' when the door is 'open', and also prevent the door from being set to 'open' while the machine is 'on'. I have this functionality rigged up with a bunch of if statements. It feels inelegant and it could quickly turn into spaghetti code if I want to add another state that puts additional conditions on the changes of other states. I wonder, is a finite state machine a solution for this situation? Would it simplify adding states and defining valid transitions?

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  • trouble with state monad composition

    - by user1308560
    I was trying out the example given at http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/State_Monad#Complete_and_Concrete_Example_1 How this makes the solution composible is beyond my understanding. Here is what I tried but I get compile errors as follows: Couldn't match expected type `GameValue -> StateT GameState Data.Functor.Identity.Identity b0' with actual type `State GameState GameValue' In the second argument of `(>>=)', namely `g2' In the expression: g1 >>= g2 In an equation for `g3': g3 = g1 >>= g2 Failed, modules loaded: none. Here is the code: See the end lines module StateGame where import Control.Monad.State type GameValue = Int type GameState = (Bool, Int) -- suppose I want to play one game after the other g1 = playGame "abcaaacbbcabbab" g2 = playGame "abcaaacbbcabb" g3 = g1 >>= g2 m2 = print $ evalState g3 startState playGame :: String -> State GameState GameValue playGame [] = do (_, score) <- get return score playGame (x:xs) = do (on, score) <- get case x of 'a' | on -> put (on, score + 1) 'b' | on -> put (on, score - 1) 'c' -> put (not on, score) _ -> put (on, score) playGame xs startState = (False, 0) main str = print $ evalState (playGame str) startState

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  • Validation with State Pattern for Multi-Page Forms in ASP.NET

    - by philrabin
    I'm trying to implement the state pattern for a multi-page registration form. The data on each page will be accumulated and stored in a session object. Should validation (including service layer calls to the DB) occur on the page level or inside each state class? In other words, should the concrete implementation of IState be concerned with the validation or should it be given a fully populated and valid object? See "EmptyFormState" class below: namespace Example { public class Registrar { private readonly IState formEmptyState; private readonly IState baseInformationComplete; public RegistrarSessionData RegistrarSessionData { get; set;} public Registrar() { RegistrarSessionData = new RegistrarSessionData(); formEmptyState = new EmptyFormState(this); baseInformationComplete = new BasicInfoCompleteState(this); State = formEmptyState; } public IState State { get; set; } public void SubmitData(RegistrarSessionData data) { State.SubmitData(data); } public void ProceedToNextStep() { State.ProceedToNextStep(); } } //actual data stored in the session //to be populated by page public class RegistrarSessionData { public string FirstName { get; set; } public string LastName { get; set; } //will include values of all 4 forms } //State Interface public interface IState { void SubmitData(RegistrarSessionData data); void ProceedToNextStep(); } //Concrete implementation of IState //Beginning state - no data public class EmptyFormState : IState { private readonly Registrar registrar; public EmptyFormState(Registrar registrar) { this.registrar = registrar; } public void SubmitData(RegistrarSessionData data) { //Should Validation occur here? //Should each state object contain a validation class? (IValidator ?) //Should this throw an exception? } public void ProceedToNextStep() { registrar.State = new BasicInfoCompleteState(registrar); } } //Next step, will have 4 in total public class BasicInfoCompleteState : IState { private readonly Registrar registrar; public BasicInfoCompleteState(Registrar registrar) { this.registrar = registrar; } public void SubmitData(RegistrarSessionData data) { //etc } public void ProceedToNextStep() { //etc } } }

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  • Do Ruby/Rails state machines exist that execute event transitions when a state change occurs?

    - by Bryan
    Hello All, Hopefully this isn't a silly question and I'm just not overlooking something in Ruby/Rails state machines (AASM, Transitions, AlterEgo, etc). From what I can tell, these state machine implementations operate on the preface that an event will get fired and the appropriate transition for that event will be triggered based on the old and new state. However, they don't seem to work the other way; say a user wants to change state from 'created' to 'assigned' and have the correct transition occur (rather than firing the event that causes the current state to be transitioned to the new state). Essentially, I want the user to be able to select a new state from a select box of available states and have the appropriate transition, guards, success callbacks, etc executed. Does anyone know if the existing state machine implementations support this?

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  • System State Backups using NTbackup fail with error 0x800423f4 (relating to volume shadow copy)

    - by Paul Zimmerman
    We have a Windows Server 2003 R2 running Service Pack 2. It is a domain controller (Global Catalog) and our main internal DNS server. We run a System State backup of the machine to back up Active Directory information and save the backup to a different server. This server has a single drive (C:), and we do have Shadow Copies enabled for the volume (which are completing successfully). The System State Backup is now failing with the following listed in the backup logs: Volume shadow copy creation: Attempt 1. "Event Log Writer" has reported an error 0x800423f4. This is part of System State. The backup cannot continue. Error returned while creating the volume shadow copy:800423f4 Aborting Backup. The operation did not successfully complete. When doing a vssadmin list writers, we sometimes get the following reported for the Event Log Writer (other times it says that it is in the state of "[1] Stable" with "No error"): Writer name: 'Event Log Writer' Writer Id: {eee8c692-67ed-4250-8d86-390603070d00} Writer Instance Id: {c7194e96-868a-49e5-ba99-89b61977753c} State: [8] Failed Last error: Retryable error We have tried disabling the event log service via the registry, rebooting, deleting the event log files from the drive, then re-enabling the service via the registry and rebooting, but this didn't seem to solve the issue. We also get an error message when in the event viewer when trying to open the log for the "File Replication Service" of "Unable to complete the operation on 'File Replication Service'. The security descriptor structure is invalid." I have searched the error via Google and tried a number of different things, but nothing has seemed to help. Any suggestions on what we might try to get the Event Log Writer to behave would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Alternative to Game State System?

    - by Ricket
    As far as I can tell, most games have some sort of "game state system" which switches between the different game states; these might be things like "Intro", "MainMenu", "CharacterSelect", "Loading", and "Game". On the one hand, it totally makes sense to separate these into a state system. After all, they are disparate and would otherwise need to be in a large switch statement, which is obviously messy; and they certainly are well represented by a state system. But at the same time, I look at the "Game" state and wonder if there's something wrong about this state system approach. Because it's like the elephant in the room; it's HUGE and obvious but nobody questions the game state system approach. It seems silly to me that "Game" is put on the same level as "Main Menu". Yet there isn't a way to break up the "Game" state. Is a game state system the best way to go? Is there some different, better technique to managing, well, the "game state"? Is it okay to have an intro state which draws a movie and listens for enter, and then a loading state which loops on the resource manager, and then the game state which does practically everything? Doesn't this seem sort of unbalanced to you, too? Am I missing something?

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  • C# - Coding a nested stateflow diagram

    - by weberc2
    I have the following state diagram. I know how to make a simple state machine that transitions between non-nested states; however, I don't know how to transition between nested states. Could someone explain how to do this at an appropriately high level (i.e., you don't need to write the code for me--unless you're feeling particularly generous :P). State Diagram [EDIT: The bottom "A", "C", and "E" should be "B", "D", and "F" respectively; sorry!] What I know how to do public class MyState : State // State enumeration { public static MyState A = new MyState("State A"); public static MyState B = new MyState("State B"); public static MyState C = new MyState("State C"); public static MyState D = new MyState("State D"); public static MyState E = new MyState("State E"); public static MyState F = new MyState("State F"); public static MyState NEUT = new MyState("Neutral"); public static MyState P = new MyState("P"); protected MyState(string name) : base(name) { } } public class MyEvent : Event // Event enumeration { public static MyEvent X_POS = new MyEvent("X+"); public static MyEvent X_NEG = new MyEvent("X-"); public static MyEvent Y_POS = new MyEvent("Y+"); public static MyEvent Y_NEG = new MyEvent("Y-"); protected MyEvent(string name) : base(name) { } } public class MyStateMachine : StateMachine<MyState, MyEvent> // State Machine implementation { public MyStateMachine() : base(MyState.P) // MyState.P = initial state { // Set up the transition table // P this.addTransition(MYState.P, MyState.NEUT, MyEvent.Y_NEG); // NEUTRAL this.addTransition(MyState.NEUT, MyState.P, MyEvent.Y_POS); this.addTransition(MyState.NEUT, MyState.A, MyEvent.Y_NEG); this.addTransition(MyState.NEUT, MyState.B, MyEvent.Y_POS); this.addTransition(MyState.NEUT, MyState.C, MyEvent.Y_NEG); this.addTransition(MyState.NEUT, MyState.D, MyEvent.Y_POS); this.addTransition(MyState.NEUT, MyState.E, MyEvent.Y_NEG); this.addTransition(MyState.NEUT, MyState.F, MyEvent.Y_POS); // A this.addTransition(MyState.A, MyState.NEUT, MyEvent.Y_POS); // B this.addTransition(MyState.B, MyState.NEUT, MyEvent.Y_NEG); // C this.addTransition(MyState.C, MyState.NEUT, MyEvent.Y_POS); // D this.addTransition(MyState.D, MyState.NEUT, MyEvent.Y_NEG); // E this.addTransition(MyState.E, MyState.NEUT, MyEvent.Y_POS); // F this.addTransition(MyState.F, MyState.NEUT, MyEvent.Y_NEG); } public void move(MyEvent eevent) { try { this.moveNext(eevent); } catch (Exception e) { } } }

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  • Unable to change the value of the variable

    - by Legend
    I'm using a discrete event simulator called ns-2 that was built using Tcl and C++. I was trying to write some code in TCL: set ns [new Simulator] set state 0 $ns at 0.0 "puts \"At 0.0 value of state is: $state\"" $ns at 1.0 "changeVal" $ns at 2.0 "puts \"At 2.0 values of state is: $state\"" proc changeVal {} { global state global ns $ns at-now "set state [expr $state+1]" puts "Changed value of state to $state" } $ns run Here's the output: At 0.0 value of state is: 0 Changed value of state to 0 At 2.0 values of state is: 0 The value of state does not seem to change. I am not sure if I am doing something wrong in using TCL. Anyone has an idea as to what might be going wrong here? EDIT: Thanks for the help. Actually, ns-2 is something over which I do not have much control (unless I recompile the simulator itself). I tried out the suggestions and here's the output: for the code: set ns [new Simulator] set state 0 $ns at 0.0 "puts \"At 0.0 value of state is: $state\"" $ns at 1.0 "changeVal" $ns at 9.0 "puts \"At 2.0 values of state is: $state\"" proc changeVal {} { global ns set ::state [expr {$::state+1}] $ns at-now "puts \"At [$ns now] changed value of state to $::state\"" } $ns run the output is: At 0.0 value of state is: 0 At 1 changed value of state to 1 At 2.0 values of state is: 0 And for the code: set ns [new Simulator] set state 0 $ns at 0.0 "puts \"At 0.0 value of state is: $state\"" $ns at 1.0 "changeVal" $ns at 9.0 "puts \"At 2.0 values of state is: $state\"" proc changeVal {} { global ns set ::state [expr {$::state+1}] $ns at 1.0 {puts "At 1.0 values of state is: $::state"} } $ns run the output is: At 0.0 value of state is: 0 At 1.0 values of state is: 1 At 2.0 values of state is: 0 Doesn't seem to work... Not sure if its a problem with ns2 or my code...

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  • Data-driven animation states

    - by user8363
    I'm trying to handle animations in a 2D game engine hobby project, without hard-coding them. Hard coding animation states seems like a common but very strange phenomenon, to me. A little background: I'm working with an entity system where components are bags of data and subsystems act upon them. I chose to use a polling system to update animation states. With animation states I mean: "walking_left", "running_left", "walking_right", "shooting", ... My idea to handle animations was to design it as a data driven model. Data could be stored in an xml file, a rdbms, ... And could be loaded at the start of a game / level/ ... This way you can easily edit animations and transitions without having to go change the code everywhere in your game. As an example I made an xml draft of the data definitions I had in mind. One very important piece of data would simply be the description of an animation. An animation would have a unique id (a descriptive name). It would hold a reference id to an image (the sprite sheet it uses, because different animations may use different sprite sheets). The frames per second to run the animation on. The "replay" here defines if an animation should be run once or infinitely. Then I defined a list of rectangles as frames. <animation id='WIZARD_WALK_LEFT'> <image id='WIZARD_WALKING' /> <fps>50</fps> <replay>true</replay> <frames> <rectangle> <x>0</x> <y>0</y> <width>45</width> <height>45</height> </rectangle> <rectangle> <x>45</x> <y>0</y> <width>45</width> <height>45</height> </rectangle> </frames> </animation> Animation data would be loaded and held in an animation resource pool and referenced by game entities that are using it. It would be treated as a resource like an image, a sound, a texture, ... The second piece of data to define would be a state machine to handle animation states and transitions. This defines each state a game entity can be in, which states it can transition to and what triggers that state change. This state machine would differ from entity to entity. Because a bird might have states "walking" and "flying" while a human would only have the state "walking". However it could be shared by different entities because multiple humans will probably have the same states (especially when you define some common NPCs like monsters, etc). Additionally an orc might have the same states as a human. Just to demonstrate that this state definition might be shared but only by a select group of game entities. <state id='IDLE'> <event trigger='LEFT_DOWN' goto='MOVING_LEFT' /> <event trigger='RIGHT_DOWN' goto='MOVING_RIGHT' /> </state> <state id='MOVING_LEFT'> <event trigger='LEFT_UP' goto='IDLE' /> <event trigger='RIGHT_DOWN' goto='MOVING_RIGHT' /> </state> <state id='MOVING_RIGHT'> <event trigger='RIGHT_UP' goto='IDLE' /> <event trigger='LEFT_DOWN' goto='MOVING_LEFT' /> </state> These states can be handled by a polling system. Each game tick it grabs the current state of a game entity and checks all triggers. If a condition is met it changes the entity's state to the "goto" state. The last part I was struggling with was how to bind animation data and animation states to an entity. The most logical approach seemed to me to add a pointer to the state machine data an entity uses and to define for each state in that machine what animation it uses. Here is an xml example how I would define the animation behavior and graphical representation of some common entities in a game, by addressing animation state and animation data id. Note that both "wizard" and "orc" have the same animation states but a different animation. Also, a different animation could mean a different sprite sheet, or even a different sequence of animations (an animation could be longer or shorter). <entity name="wizard"> <state id="IDLE" animation="WIZARD_IDLE" /> <state id="MOVING_LEFT" animation="WIZARD_WALK_LEFT" /> </entity> <entity name="orc"> <state id="IDLE" animation="ORC_IDLE" /> <state id="MOVING_LEFT" animation="ORC_WALK_LEFT" /> </entity> When the entity is being created it would add a list of states with state machine data and an animation data reference. In the future I would use the entity system to build whole entities by defining components in a similar xml format. -- This is what I have come up with after some research. However I had some trouble getting my head around it, so I was hoping op some feedback. Is there something here what doesn't make sense, or is there a better way to handle these things? I grasped the idea of iterating through frames but I'm having trouble to take it a step further and this is my attempt to do that.

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  • ASP.NET 2.0 in Virtual Trying to Use SQL State Server

    - by user251660
    We have IIS 6 running on a W2003 Server. The root web site is running a v1.1 site. Under this site we have a virtual running a v2.0 site (with a separate application pool). The web.config for the root site is using SQL as its state server and has a 1.1 SQL state server database installed. The 2.0 virtual web.config does not need state and its web.config has no reference to a state server. When we attempt to call the virtual we receive this error message. "Unable to use SQL Server because ASP.NET version 2.0 Session State is not installed on the SQL server. Please install ASP.NET Session State SQL Server version 2.0 or above. This issue is currently only occurring on one web server. The rest are able to run the 2.0 virtual application. I also notice that if we call the 2.0 virtual with the IP address it does not generate the error, however if we call it with the host header name it generates the error (this behavior is only on the 1 web server with the error, all the others can be called with either the ip or host header without error). As an additional note the root and virtual are running with SSL. My theory is that the virtual 2.0 application is inheriting the 1.1 web.config state server entry from the root and when it looks at the state server it sees it as a 1.1 version and reports the error that it needs a 2.0 state server. I however cannot understand why the other servers are not behaving in this matter. All of the servers are on the same OS service pack as well as the same version of .net framework. Any ideas? Thanks

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  • MS Dynamic CRM 4.0 serviceappointment closed state javascript event

    - by Jeroen
    Hi, I need to do the following: In Crm, you have serviceappointments (serviceactivities). 1 appointment can have a state, ( like arrived, pending, closed, ... ). When i save the form (onsave event), It should catch if the form is putted closed state and then it should do something. I can get the state easily: alert(crmForm.all.statuscode.DataValue) I hanged this onto an onsave event. But when i put a serviceappointment into closed state, it first calls the onsave event with previous state and then puts it in closed state. Is it possible to catch if it's putted in closed state?

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  • Juju instances in aganet-state: down after turning them off (and back on) on EC2

    - by Tyler McAdams
    I turned my Juju instances off on EC2 for a while and after bringing them back online they seem to be in an odd state: [code] claude-vm@claude-vm-fusion:~/Documents/Shell Scripts$ juju status 2012-11-17 17:06:44,094 INFO Connecting to environment... 2012-11-17 17:06:45,590 INFO Connected to environment. machines: 0: agent-state: not-started dns-name: ec2-54-242-142-196.compute-1.amazonaws.com instance-id: i-b0996fcf instance-state: running 1: agent-state: down dns-name: ec2-50-19-186-245.compute-1.amazonaws.com instance-id: i-8c8375f3 instance-state: running 2: agent-state: down dns-name: ec2-54-242-255-238.compute-1.amazonaws.com instance-id: i-56807629 instance-state: running services: wordpress: charm: cs:precise/wordpress-9 exposed: true relations: db: - wordpress-db loadbalancer: - wordpress units: wordpress/0: agent-state: down machine: 2 open-ports: - 80/tcp public-address: ec2-54-242-227-57.compute-1.amazonaws.com wordpress-db: charm: cs:precise/mysql-10 relations: db: - wordpress units: wordpress-db/0: agent-state: down machine: 1 public-address: ec2-54-242-212-177.compute-1.amazonaws.com 2012-11-17 17:06:47,274 INFO 'status' command finished successfully [/code] Can I not take my instances down for a while? Or is this something else?

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  • How do I reuse a state machine in a slightly different way?

    - by JoJo
    Problem I have a big state machine. The design requirements of the project have changed such that I need to re-use this state machine in another place. All the states remain the same in this new place, but a few states run slightly different stuff. What design pattern allows me to reuse this state machine? Motivation I am building a video player. It is modeled by a state machine with these states: stopped, loading, playing, paused, crashed, and some more... This video player needs to be used on two web pages. When the player crashes on the first page, it should show an error message below. If the player crashes on the second page, the error message should appear in the center of the video and pulsate a few times.

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  • Extract registry key from NTBackup System State backup

    - by phoenix8
    A Windows Server 2003 machine died recently but I need some information that was contained in the now-defunct server's registry. I have a "System State" backup file created by the Windows Server 2003 built-in backup program (NTBackup.exe). Is there any way to extract a key/value out of the backup file? I might be able do a Win2003 install on a similar machine then do a system-state restore but that's a lot of effort and I don't know for certain that the system-state restore will work on a different spec machine. (Would it work if I booted up in 'safe mode'?) But I'd really rather just get at the data straight out of the NTBackup file zip-file-esque styles if that's possible.

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  • clojure.algo.monad strange m-plus behaviour with parser-m - why is second m-plus evaluated?

    - by Mark Fisher
    I'm getting unexpected behaviour in some monads I'm writing. I've created a parser-m monad with (def parser-m (state-t maybe-m)) which is pretty much the example given everywhere (here, here and here) I'm using m-plus to act a kind of fall-through query mechanism, in my case, it first reads values from a cache (database), if that returns nil, the next method is to read from "live" (a REST call). However, the second value in the m-plus list is always called, even though its value is disgarded (if the cache hit was good) and the final return is that of the first monadic function. Here's a cutdown version of the issue i'm seeing, and some solutions I found, but I don't know why. My questions are: Is this expected behaviour or a bug in m-plus? i.e. will the 2nd method in a m-plus list always be evaluated if the first item returns a value? Minor in comparison to the above, but if i remove the call _ (fetch-state) from checker, when i evaluate that method, it prints out the messages for the functions the m-plus is calling (when i don't think it should). Is this also a bug? Here's a cut-down version of the code in question highlighting the problem. It simply checks key/value pairs passed in are same as the initial state values, and updates the state to mark what it actually ran. (ns monods.monad-test (:require [clojure.algo.monads :refer :all])) (def parser-m (state-t maybe-m)) (defn check-k-v [k v] (println "calling with k,v:" k v) (domonad parser-m [kv (fetch-val k) _ (do (println "k v kv (= kv v)" k v kv (= kv v)) (m-result 0)) :when (= kv v) _ (do (println "passed") (m-result 0)) _ (update-val :ran #(conj % (str "[" k " = " v "]"))) ] [k v])) (defn filler [] (println "filler called") (domonad parser-m [_ (fetch-state) _ (do (println "filling") (m-result 0)) :when nil] nil)) (def checker (domonad parser-m [_ (fetch-state) result (m-plus ;; (filler) ;; intitially commented out deliberately (check-k-v :a 1) (check-k-v :b 2) (check-k-v :c 3))] result)) (checker {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3 :ran []}) When I run this as is, the output is: > (checker {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3 :ran []}) calling with k,v: :a 1 calling with k,v: :b 2 calling with k,v: :c 3 k v kv (= kv v) :a 1 1 true passed k v kv (= kv v) :b 2 2 true passed [[:a 1] {:a 1, :b 2, :c 3, :ran ["[:a = 1]"]}] I don't expect the line k v kv (= kv v) :b 2 2 true to show at all. The first function to m-plus (as seen in the final output) is what is returned from it. Now, I've found if I pass a filler into m-plus that does nothing (i.e. uncomment the (filler) line) then the output is correct, the :b value isn't evaluated. If I don't have the filler method, and make the first method test fail (i.e. change it to (check-k-v :a 2) then again everything is good, I don't get a call to check :c, only a and b are tested. From my understanding of what the state-t maybe-m transformation is giving me, then the m-plus function should look like: (defn m-plus [left right] (fn [state] (if-let [result (left state)] result (right state)))) which would mean that right isn't called unless left returns nil/false. I'd be interested to know if my understanding is correct or not, and why I have to put the filler method in to stop the extra evaluation (whose effects I don't want to happen). Apologies for the long winded post!

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  • Centos IPTables configuration for external firewall

    - by user137974
    Current setup Centos which is a Web, Mail (Postfix,Dovecot), FTP Server and Gateway with public ip and private ip (for LAN Gateway). We are planning to implement external firewall box and bring the server to LAN Please guide on configuring IPTables... Unable to receive mail and outgoing mail stays in postfix queue and is sent after delaying... The local ip of the server is 192.168.1.220 iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP incoming HTTP iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 443 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT outgoing HTTP iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT FTP iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 0/0 --sport 1024:65535 -d 192.168.1.220 --dport 21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.220 --sport 21 -d 0/0 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 0/0 --sport 1024:65535 -d 192.168.1.220 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.220 --sport 1024:65535 -d 0/0 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT SMTP iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 0/0 --sport 1024:65535 -d 192.168.1.220 --dport 25 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.220 --sport 25 -d 0/0 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.220 --sport 1024:65535 -d 0/0 --dport 25 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 0/0 --sport 25 -d 192.168.1.220 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT POP3 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 0/0 --sport 1024:65535 -d 192.168.1.220 --dport 110 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.1.220 --sport 110 -d 0/0 --dport 1024:65535 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

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  • System State Backup Retention Policies

    - by isoscelestriangle
    I was wondering if there was a general consensus on how long to keep system state backups. I am trying to reevaluate our current backup process, and trying to get a good handle on our current storage requirements. Our current setup involves tapes and sending backups offsite with Barracuda Networks. We have been doing our system state backups with Barracuda now, which does full backups daily, leaving our storage requirements growing quite quickly. My boss is a little too gung-ho with backups and wants our system states saved for quite a while. We currently have 5 days of nightlies, 5 weeklies, 3 monthlies, and so on. I think this is quite overkill for system state backups. My boss wants the ability to go back in time to find when an issue appeared, but I don't think that is practical. Many things change in the course of several months. I also think it would be hard not to notice problems with our DCs and other servers for several months. I would think that a previous week's snapshot and the current week's dailies would suffice. Any advice or reading you can point me to? Thanks!

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  • How to add an iptables rule with source IP address

    - by ???
    I have a bash script that starts with this: if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then echo "Permission denied (are you root?)." exit 1 elif [ $# -ne 1 ] then echo "Usage: install-nfs-server <client network/CIDR>" echo "$ bash install-nfs-server 192.168.1.1/24" exit 2 fi; I then try to add the iptables rules for NFS as follows: iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -s $1 --dport 111 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p udp -s $1 --dport 111 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT service iptables save service iptables restart I get the error: Try iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. Bad argument111' Try iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. Bad argument111' Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Flushing firewall rules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Unloading iptables modules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Applying iptables firewall rules: ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_ns ^[[60G[^[[0;32m OK ^[[0;39m]^M When I open /etc/sysconfig/iptables these are the rules: # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Mon Mar 26 08:00:42 2012 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [466:54208] :RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp -m udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p udp -m udp --sport 111 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW -m udp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p esp -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p ah -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -d 224.0.0.251 -p udp -m udp --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed on Mon Mar 26 08:00:42 2012 ~ "/etc/sysconfig/iptables" 32L, 1872C I've also tried: iptables -I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT 1 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --source $1 --dport 111 -j ACCEPT iptables -I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT 2 -m udp -p udp --source $1 --dport 111 -j ACCEPT

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  • Virtual Box state not saving upon restart/reset/shutdown - reverting to an earlier state

    - by user638756
    Every time I restart/shut down my VM in VirtualBox (image is Ubuntu 10.02), whenever I start it back up, it reverts to the state it was in after I installed Guest Additions. This is extremely frustrating as every time I make progress on a project, whenever it restarts (mostly from crashing), I have to redo mostly everything. Is this a known problem with Guest Additions or with Virtual Box in general, and if so is there some solution?

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  • Quite confused about what constitutes Current state of a resource

    - by bckpwrld
    From REST in Practice: Hypermedia and Systems Architecture: The current state of a resource is a combination of: The values of information items belonging to that resource Links to related resources Links that represent a transition to a possible future state of the current resource The results of evaluating any business rules that relate the resource to other local resources a) why would "links to related resources" also represent the current state of a resource? b) I also don't quite understand why "Links that represent a transition to a possible future state of the current resource" also represent the the current state. Namely, those links represent the possibility, not the current state. Analogy would be an int variable set to value 10. It's possible that in the future this variable will get processed and set to value 100, but we don't claim its current state also includes possible future state of 100?! thank you

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  • Session state server saying extended class no serializable

    - by jenson-button-event
    I am storing an object in session state (using local session state server), class def is: [Serializable] public class ExtendedOAuth2Parameters : OAuth2Parameters but the service is still reporting: Unable to serialize the session state. In 'StateServer' and 'SQLServer' mode, ASP.NET will serialize the session state objects, and as a result non-serializable objects or MarshalByRef objects are not permitted. [SerializationException: Type 'Google.GData.Client.OAuth2Parameters' in Assembly 'Google.GData.Client, Version=2.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=04a59ca9b0273830' is not marked as serializable.] How to get around it?

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  • Questions about game states

    - by MrPlow
    I'm trying to make a framework for a game I've wanted to do for quite a while. The first thing that I decided to implement was a state system for game states. When my "original" idea of having a doubly linked list of game states failed I found This blog and liked the idea of a stack based game state manager. However there were a few things I found weird: Instead of RAII two class methods are used to initialize and destroy the state Every game state class is a singleton(and singletons are bad aren't they?) Every GameState object is static So I took the idea and altered a few things and got this: GameState.h class GameState { private: bool m_paused; protected: StateManager& m_manager; public: GameState(StateManager& manager) : m_manager(manager), m_paused(false){} virtual ~GameState() {} virtual void update() = 0; virtual void draw() = 0; virtual void handleEvents() = 0; void pause() { m_paused = true; } void resume() { m_paused = false; } void changeState(std::unique_ptr<GameState> state) { m_manager.changeState(std::move(state)); } }; StateManager.h class GameState; class StateManager { private: std::vector< std::unique_ptr<GameState> > m_gameStates; public: StateManager(); void changeState(std::unique_ptr<GameState> state); void StateManager::pushState(std::unique_ptr<GameState> state); void popState(); void update(); void draw(); void handleEvents(); }; StateManager.cpp StateManager::StateManager() {} void StateManager::changeState( std::unique_ptr<GameState> state ) { if(!m_gameStates.empty()) { m_gameStates.pop_back(); } m_gameStates.push_back( std::move(state) ); } void StateManager::pushState(std::unique_ptr<GameState> state) { if(!m_gameStates.empty()) { m_gameStates.back()->pause(); } m_gameStates.push_back( std::move(state) ); } void StateManager::popState() { if(!m_gameStates.empty()) m_gameStates.pop_back(); } void StateManager::update() { if(!m_gameStates.empty()) m_gameStates.back()->update(); } void StateManager::draw() { if(!m_gameStates.empty()) m_gameStates.back()->draw(); } void StateManager::handleEvents() { if(!m_gameStates.empty()) m_gameStates.back()->handleEvents(); } And it's used like this: main.cpp StateManager states; states.changeState( std::unique_ptr<GameState>(new GameStateIntro(states)) ); while(gamewindow::gameWindow.isOpen()) { states.handleEvents(); states.update(); states.draw(); } Constructors/Destructors are used to create/destroy states instead of specialized class methods, state objects are no longer static but

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  • NTbackup doesn't complete on system state

    - by Joe Majsterski
    I have a Windows 2003 server that is running a semi-custom backup task. The scheduled task calls NTbackup with a few switches depending on whether it is a full or incremental backup. Most of the time, the NTbackup completes fine, and the wrapper then appends the NTbackup log into its own log before adding a few final comments and completing. The problem I am having is that sometimes, NTbackup seems to just... blank out. It always completes backup of the C: and E: drives, but then it will start the system state and not add any more messages into the event log saying it completed that. And the NTbackup log is left empty, since it doesn't write anything to the log until all the backup tasks are complete. This is causing the wrapper to append no text into its own log. That causes problems for us because we read the information out of that log to determine whether backups are failing. The wrapper task also reports that it is completing normally in the event log. Anyone ever seen a case where system state doesn't complete consistently? To be clear, the server is not logging any error messages anywhere. It's just not seeming to complete or log anything.

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