Search Results

Search found 76 results on 4 pages for 'strtok'.

Page 3/4 | < Previous Page | 1 2 3 4  | Next Page >

  • Can't retrieve more than 2 gmail messages using Zend framework imap access - server dies - doens't r

    - by Ali
    Hi guys I'm working on a google apps application. Basically I've set it up so users can add multiple gmail addresses and check on their inboxes in the application. It works fine with a google apps email address however when I add a gmail address it just dies out. I'm using this code here: $mail = new Zend_Mail_Storage_Imap($mail_options); $all_messages = array(); $page = isset($_GET['page'])?$_GET['page']:1; $limit = isset($_GET['limit'])?$_GET['limit']:20; $offset = (($page-1)*$limit)+1; $end = ($page*$limit)>$c?$c:($page*$limit); for ($i=$offset;$i<=$end;$i++){ $h2t = new html2text(); $h2t->set_allowed_tags('<a>'); if(!$mail[$i]) break; else{ $one_message = $mail->getMessage($i); $one_message->id = $i; $one_message->UID = $mail->getUniqueId($i); $one_message->parts = array(); $one_message->body = ''; $count = 1; foreach (new RecursiveIteratorIterator($mail->getMessage($i)) as $ii=>$part) { try { $tpart = $part; //$tpart->_content = ''; $one_message->parts[$count] = $tpart; $count++; // check for html body if (strtok($part->contentType, ';') == 'text/html') { $b = $part->getContent(); if($part->contentTransferEncoding == 'quoted-printable') $b = quoted_printable_decode($b); $one_message->html_body = $b; $h2t->set_html($b); $one_message->body = $h2t->get_text(); } //check for text body if (strtok($part->contentType, ';') == 'text/plain') { $b = $part->getContent(); if($part->contentTransferEncoding == 'quoted-printable') $b = quoted_printable_decode($b); $one_message->text_body = $b; $one_message->body = $b;//$part->getContent(); } } catch (Zend_Mail_Exception $e) { // ignore } } $all_messages[] = $one_message; } } No matter what the emails it dies out on retrieving just 2 emails... whats going on here?

    Read the article

  • C Array of string

    - by Meko
    HI. This is maybe simple question but I want to create two dimensional array and add it string like in java string str = "text" ; string [][] array = new [][] string ; array[i][j] = str ; But in C there is no string .I tried like this but here strcpy() gives error.It returns to assembly code. I am trying to read line by line from text and split line by space and add them to structure.But first I think that I must add each line and row in array and then making iteration and adding to structures fields. static const char filename[] = "student.txt"; FILE *file = fopen ( filename, "r" ); char line [ 128 ]; /* or other suitable maximum line size */ char delims [ ]=" "; char *result =NULL; char list[15]; char arra[128][128]; int i=0; int j=0; struct { char gruppa[10]; char familiya[20]; int uchaste; struct { int firsth; int second; int third; int fourht; int fifth; } exam; }student; for(i=0; i<128; i++) for(j=0; j<128; j++) arra[i][j] = '\0'; for(i=0; i<15; i++) list[i] = '\0'; if ( file != NULL ) { while ( fgets ( line, sizeof line, file ) != NULL ) { result = strtok(line,delims); while (result !=NULL) { strcpy(list,("%s",result)); strcpy(arra[i][j],list); // Here it gives errror j++; result = strtok(NULL,delims); } j=0; i++; } fclose ( file ); } else { perror ( filename ); } getchar(); return 0; }

    Read the article

  • calculater by using reverse polish notation and using a stack

    - by programmer
    hello everyone I have a segmentation fault ,can you help please? if i have this operater "3 5 +" that mean 3+5 and like "9 8 * 5 + 4 + sin", "sin(((9*8)+5)+4)" so my idea is check if the first and second are numbers and push theem in the stack then when i have operator i pop the numbers and make the calculation then push the answer again. ` typedef struct st_node { float val; struct st_node *next; } t_node; typedef t_node t_stack; // a function to allocate memory for a stack and returns the stack t_stack* fnewCell() { t_stack* ret; ret = (t_stack*) malloc(sizeof(t_stack)); return ret; } // a function to allocate memory for a stack, fills it with value v and pointer n , and returns the stack t_stack* fnewCellFilled(float v, t_stack* n) { t_stack* ret; ret = fnewCell(); ret->val = v; ret->next =n; return ret; } //function to initialize stack void initstack(t_stack** stack) { fnewCellFilled(0,NULL); } // add new cell void insrtHead(t_stack** head,float val) { *head = fnewCellFilled(val,*head); } //function to push the value v into the stack s void push(t_stack **s, float val) { insrtHead(s,val); } //function to pop a value from the stack and returns it int pop(t_stack **s) { t_stack* tmp; int ret; tmp = (*s)->next; ret = (*s)->val; free(*s); (*s) = tmp; return ret; } int isempty (t_stack *t) { return t == NULL; } //function to transfer a string(str) to int (value) //returns -1 when success , i otherwise int str2int(char *str,int *value) { int i; *value = 0; int sign=(str[0]=='-' ? -1 : 1); for(i=(str[0]=='-' ? 1 : 0);str[i]!=0;i++) { if(!(str[i]>=48 && str[i]<=57)) // Ascii char 0 to 9 return i; *value= *value*10+(str[i]-48); } *value = *value * sign; return -1; } //a function that takes a string, transfer it into integer and make operation using a stack void function(t_stack *stack, char *str) { char x[10]=" "; int y,j,i=0,z; printf("++\n"); if(str[i] != '\0') { strcpy(x, strtok(str, " ")); z= str2int(x, &y); if(z == -1) { push(&stack,y); i=i+2; } } while(str[i] != '\0') { strcpy(x, strtok(NULL, " ")); z= str2int(x, &y); if(z == -1) { printf("yes %d",y); push(&stack,y); i=i+2; } else { y=pop(&stack); j=pop(&stack); if(x[0] == '+' ) push(&stack,y+j); else if (x[0] == '-' ) push(&stack,j-y); else if(x[0] == '*' ) push(&stack,j*y); else if(x[0] == '/') push (&stack ,j/y); } } } int main() { t_stack *s; initstack(&s); char *str="3 5 +"; function(s,str); return 0; } `

    Read the article

  • Warning: comparison with string literals results in unspecified behaviour

    - by nunos
    So I starting the project of writing a simplified sheel for linux in c. I am not at all proficient with c nor with Linux that's exactly the reason I decided it would be a good idea. Starting with the parser, I have already encountered some problems. The code should be straightforward that's why I didn't include any comments. I am getting a warning with gcc: "comparison with string literals results in unspecified behaviour" at the lines commented with "WARNING HERE" (see code below). I have no idea why this causes an warning, but the real problem is that even though I am comparing an "<" to an "<" is doesn't get inside the if... I am looking for an answer for the problem explained, however if there's something that you see in the code that should be improved please say so. Just take in mind I am not that proficient and that this is still a work in progress (or better yet, a work in start). Thanks in advance. #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> typedef enum {false, true} bool; typedef struct { char **arg; char *infile; char *outfile; int background; } Command_Info; int parse_cmd(char *cmd_line, Command_Info *cmd_info) { char *arg; char *args[100]; int i = 0; arg = strtok(cmd_line, " \n"); while (arg != NULL) { args[i] = arg; arg = strtok(NULL, " \n"); i++; } int num_elems = i; cmd_info->infile = NULL; cmd_info->outfile = NULL; cmd_info->background = 0; int iarg = 0; for (i = 0; i < num_elems; i++) { if (args[i] == "&") //WARNING HERE return -1; else if (args[i] == "<") //WARNING HERE if (args[i+1] != NULL) cmd_info->infile = args[i+1]; else return -1; else if (args[i] == ">") //WARNING HERE if (args[i+1] != NULL) cmd_info->outfile = args[i+1]; else return -1; else cmd_info->arg[iarg++] = args[i]; } cmd_info->arg[iarg] = NULL; return 0; } void print_cmd(Command_Info *cmd_info) { int i; for (i = 0; cmd_info->arg[i] != NULL; i++) printf("arg[%d]=\"%s\"\n", i, cmd_info->arg[i]); printf("arg[%d]=\"%s\"\n", i, cmd_info->arg[i]); printf("infile=\"%s\"\n", cmd_info->infile); printf("outfile=\"%s\"\n", cmd_info->outfile); printf("background=\"%d\"\n", cmd_info->background); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char cmd_line[100]; Command_Info cmd_info; printf(">>> "); fgets(cmd_line, 100, stdin); parse_cmd(cmd_line, &cmd_info); print_cmd(&cmd_info); return 0; }

    Read the article

  • Help with simple linux shell implementation

    - by nunos
    I am implementing a simple version of a linux shell in c. I have succesfully written the parser, but I am having some trouble forking out the child process. However, I think the problem is due to arrays, pointers and such, because just started C with this project and am not still very knowledgable with them. I am getting a segmentation fault and don't know where from. Any help is greatly appreciated. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/types.h> #define MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH 250 #define MAX_ARG_LENGTH 250 typedef enum {false, true} bool; typedef struct { char **arg; char *infile; char *outfile; int background; } Command_Info; int parse_cmd(char *cmd_line, Command_Info *cmd_info) { char *arg; char *args[MAX_ARG_LENGTH]; int i = 0; arg = strtok(cmd_line, " "); while (arg != NULL) { args[i] = arg; arg = strtok(NULL, " "); i++; } int num_elems = i; if (num_elems == 0) return -1; cmd_info->infile = NULL; cmd_info->outfile = NULL; cmd_info->background = 0; int iarg = 0; for (i = 0; i < num_elems-1; i++) { if (!strcmp(args[i], "<")) { if (args[i+1] != NULL) cmd_info->infile = args[++i]; else return -1; } else if (!strcmp(args[i], ">")) { if (args[i+1] != NULL) cmd_info->outfile = args[++i]; else return -1; } else cmd_info->arg[iarg++] = args[i]; } if (!strcmp(args[i], "&")) cmd_info->background = true; else cmd_info->arg[iarg++] = args[i]; cmd_info->arg[iarg] = NULL; return 0; } void print_cmd(Command_Info *cmd_info) { int i; for (i = 0; cmd_info->arg[i] != NULL; i++) printf("arg[%d]=\"%s\"\n", i, cmd_info->arg[i]); printf("arg[%d]=\"%s\"\n", i, cmd_info->arg[i]); printf("infile=\"%s\"\n", cmd_info->infile); printf("outfile=\"%s\"\n", cmd_info->outfile); printf("background=\"%d\"\n", cmd_info->background); } void get_cmd(char* str) { fgets(str, MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH, stdin); str[strlen(str)-1] = '\0'; //apaga o '\n' do fim } pid_t exec_simple(Command_Info *cmd_info) { pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { perror("Fork Error"); return -1; } if (pid == 0) { execvp(cmd_info->arg[0], cmd_info->arg); perror(cmd_info->arg[0]); exit(1); } return pid; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { while (true) { char cmd_line[MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH]; Command_Info cmd_info; printf(">>> "); get_cmd(cmd_line); if ( (parse_cmd(cmd_line, &cmd_info) == -1) ) return -1; parse_cmd(cmd_line, &cmd_info); if (!strcmp(cmd_info.arg[0], "exit")) exit(0); pid_t pid = exec_simple(&cmd_info); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0); } return 0; } Thanks.

    Read the article

  • Make file Linking issue Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64

    - by user1035839
    I am working on getting a few files to link together using my make file and c++ and am getting the following error when running make. g++ -bind_at_load `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -c -o compute_gist.o compute_gist.cpp g++ -bind_at_load `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -c -o gist.o gist.cpp g++ -bind_at_load `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -c -o standalone_image.o standalone_image.cpp g++ -bind_at_load `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -c -o IplImageConverter.o IplImageConverter.cpp g++ -bind_at_load `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -c -o GistCalculator.o GistCalculator.cpp g++ -bind_at_load `pkg-config --cflags opencv` `pkg-config --libs opencv` compute_gist.o gist.o standalone_image.o IplImageConverter.o GistCalculator.o -o rungist Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "color_gist_scaletab(color_image_t*, int, int, int const*)", referenced from: _main in compute_gist.o ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [rungist] Error 1 My makefile is as follows (Note, I don't need opencv bindings yet, but will be coding in opencv later. CXX = g++ CXXFLAGS = -bind_at_load `pkg-config --cflags opencv` LFLAGS = `pkg-config --libs opencv` SRC = \ compute_gist.cpp \ gist.cpp \ standalone_image.cpp \ IplImageConverter.cpp \ GistCalculator.cpp OBJS = $(SRC:.cpp=.o) rungist: $(OBJS) $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o $@ all: rungist clean: rm -rf $(OBJS) rungist The method header is located in gist.h float *color_gist_scaletab(color_image_t *src, int nblocks, int n_scale, const int *n_orientations); And the method is defined in gist.cpp float *color_gist_scaletab(color_image_t *src, int w, int n_scale, const int *n_orientation) { And finally the compute_gist.cpp (main file) #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include "gist.h" static color_image_t *load_ppm(const char *fname) { FILE *f=fopen(fname,"r"); if(!f) { perror("could not open infile"); exit(1); } int width,height,maxval; if(fscanf(f,"P6 %d %d %d",&width,&height,&maxval)!=3 || maxval!=255) { fprintf(stderr,"Error: input not a raw PPM with maxval 255\n"); exit(1); } fgetc(f); /* eat the newline */ color_image_t *im=color_image_new(width,height); int i; for(i=0;i<width*height;i++) { im->c1[i]=fgetc(f); im->c2[i]=fgetc(f); im->c3[i]=fgetc(f); } fclose(f); return im; } static void usage(void) { fprintf(stderr,"compute_gist options... [infilename]\n" "infile is a PPM raw file\n" "options:\n" "[-nblocks nb] use a grid of nb*nb cells (default 4)\n" "[-orientationsPerScale o_1,..,o_n] use n scales and compute o_i orientations for scale i\n" ); exit(1); } int main(int argc,char **args) { const char *infilename="/dev/stdin"; int nblocks=4; int n_scale=3; int orientations_per_scale[50]={8,8,4}; while(*++args) { const char *a=*args; if(!strcmp(a,"-h")) usage(); else if(!strcmp(a,"-nblocks")) { if(!sscanf(*++args,"%d",&nblocks)) { fprintf(stderr,"could not parse %s argument",a); usage(); } } else if(!strcmp(a,"-orientationsPerScale")) { char *c; n_scale=0; for(c=strtok(*++args,",");c;c=strtok(NULL,",")) { if(!sscanf(c,"%d",&orientations_per_scale[n_scale++])) { fprintf(stderr,"could not parse %s argument",a); usage(); } } } else { infilename=a; } } color_image_t *im=load_ppm(infilename); //Here's the method call -> :( float *desc=color_gist_scaletab(im,nblocks,n_scale,orientations_per_scale); int i; int descsize=0; //compute descriptor size for(i=0;i<n_scale;i++) descsize+=nblocks*nblocks*orientations_per_scale[i]; descsize*=3; // color //print descriptor for(i=0;i<descsize;i++) printf("%.4f ",desc[i]); printf("\n"); free(desc); color_image_delete(im); return 0; } Any help would be greatly appreciated. I hope this is enough info. Let me know if I need to add more.

    Read the article

  • First time using select(), maybe a basic question?

    - by darkletter
    Hello people, i've been working for a few days with this server using select(). What it does, is that, i have two arrays of clients (one is "suppliers", and the other is "consumers"), and the mission of the server is to check whether the suppliers have something to send to the consumers, and in case affirmative, send it. The second part of the server is that, when the consumers have received the suppliers' info, they send a confirmation message to the same suppliers that sent the info. When a client connects, it gets recognized as "undefined", until it sends a message with the word "supplier" or "consumer" (in Spanish, as i'm from there), when the server puts it in the correct clients array. Well, what the server does is not very important here. What's important is that, i'm doing both parts with two different "for" loops, and that's where i'm getting the problems. When the first user connects to the server (be it a supplier or a consumer), the server gets stuck in the first or second loop, instead of just continuing its execution. As it's the first time i'm using select(), i may be missing something. Could you guys give me any sort of help? Thanks a lot in advance. for(;;) { rset=allset; nready=select(maxfd+1,&rset,NULL,NULL,NULL); if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset)){ clilen=sizeof(cliente); if((connfd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cliente,&clilen))<0) printf("Error"); IP=inet_ntoa(cliente.sin_addr); for(i=0;i<COLA;i++){if(indef[i]<0){indef[i]=connfd;IPind[i]=IP;break;}} FD_SET(connfd,&allset); if(connfd > maxfd) maxfd=connfd; if(i>maxii) maxii=i; if(--nready<=0) continue; }// Fin ISSET(sockfd) for(i=0;i<=maxii;i++){ if((sockfd1=indef[i])<0){ continue;} //! if(FD_ISSET(sockfd1,&rset)){ if((n=read(sockfd1,comp,MAXLINE))==0){close(sockfd1);FD_CLR(sockfd1,&allset);indef[i]=-1;printf("Cliente indefinido desconectado \n");} else{ comp[n]='\0'; if(strcmp(comp,"suministrador")==0){ for(j=0;j<=limite;j++){if(sumi[j]<0){IPsum[j]=IPind[i];sumi[j]=indef[i]; indef[i]=-1;if(j>maxis) {maxis=j;}break; } } } else if(strcmp(comp,"consumidor")==0){ for(o=0;j<=limite;j++){if(consum[o]<0){IPcons[o]=IPind[i];consum[o]=indef[i]; indef[o]=-1;if(o>maxic) {maxic=o;}break; } } } if(--nready <=0)break; } } }//fin bucle for maxii for(i=0;i<=maxis;i++){ if((sockfd2=sumi[i])<0){continue;} if(FD_ISSET(sockfd2,&rset)){ if((n=read(sockfd2,buffer2,MAXLINE))==0){close(sockfd2);FD_CLR(sockfd2,&allset);sumi[i]=-1;printf("Suministrador desconectado \n");} else{ buffer2[n]='\0'; for(j=0;j<=maxic;j++){ if((sockfd3=consum[j])<0){ continue;} else {strcpy(final,IPsum[i]);strcat(final,":");strcat(final,buffer2);write(sockfd3,final,sizeof(final));respuesta[i]=1;} } break; // ? } } }//fin for maxis for(i=miniic;i<=maxic;i++){ if((sockfd4=consum[i])<0){continue;} if(FD_ISSET(sockfd4,&rset)){ if((n=read(sockfd4,buffer3,MAXLINE))==0){close(sockfd4);FD_CLR(sockfd4,&allset);consum[i]=-1;printf("Consumidor desconectado \n");} else{ buffer3[n]='\0'; IP2=strtok(buffer3,":"); obj=strtok(NULL,":"); for(j=0;j<100;j++){ if((strcmp(IPsum[j],IP2)==0) && (respuesta[j]==1)) {write(sumi[j],obj,sizeof(obj)); miniic=i+1; respuesta[j]=0; break; } } } } }

    Read the article

  • How to find an element in an array in C

    - by gkaykck
    I am trying to find the location of an element in the array. I have tried to use this code i generated for(i=0;i<10;i++) { if (strcmp(temp[0],varptr[i])==0) j=i; } varptr is a pointer which points to array var[11][10] and it is by the definition *varptr[11][10]. I have assigned strings to var[i] and i want to get the "i" number of my element NOT THE ADRESS. Thanks for any comment. EDit: temp is also a pointer which points to the string that i want to check. Also i am using the 2D array for keeping variable names and their address. So yes i want to keep it inside a 2D array. The question is this code is not working at all, it does not assigns i to j, so i wonder where is the problem with this idea? writing a "break" does not change if the code works or not, it just optimizes the code a little. Full Code: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> double atof(char*); int main(void) { char in[100], *temp[10],var[11][10],*varptr[11][10]; int i,j, n = 0,fullval=0; double val[11]; strcpy(var[11], "ans"); for(i=0;i<11;i++) { for(j=0;j<10;j++) varptr[i][j]=&var[i][j]; } START: printf("Enter the expression: "); fflush(stdout); for(i=0;i<10;i++) temp[i]=NULL; if (fgets(in, sizeof in, stdin) != NULL) { temp[0] = strtok(in, " "); if (temp[0] != NULL) { for (n = 1; n < 10 && (temp[n] = strtok(NULL," ")) != NULL; n++) ; } if (*temp[0]=="quit") { goto FINISH;} if (isdigit(*temp[0])) { if (*temp[1]=='+') val[0] = atof(temp[0])+atof(temp[2]); else if (*temp[1]=='-') val[0] = atof(temp[0])-atof(temp[2]); else if (*temp[1]=='*') val[0] = atof(temp[0])*atof(temp[2]); else if (*temp[1]=='/') val[0] = atof(temp[0])/atof(temp[2]); printf("%s = %f\n",var[11],val[0]); goto START; } else if (temp[1]==NULL) //asking the value of a variable { for(i=0;i<10;i++) { if (strcmp(temp[0],varptr[i])==0) j=i; } printf("%s = %d\n",var[j],val[j]); goto START; } if (*temp[1]==61) { strcpy(var[fullval], temp[0]); if ((temp[3])!=NULL) { } val[fullval]=atof(temp[2]); printf("%s = %f\n",var[fullval],val[fullval]); fullval++; goto START; } if (*temp[1]!=61) { } } getch(); FINISH: return 0; }

    Read the article

  • Two functions working but not when I put them together

    - by Error_404
    I'm really new to C(I have been learning Cuda and wanted to learn C so I can run everything together instead of generating data in Java/Python and copy/pasting it manually to my Cuda program to play with). I am trying to open a large file(20+gb) and parse some data but because I was having problems I decided to try to break down my problem first to verify I can open and read line by line a file and then in another file take a sample of the output of a line and try to parse it, then if all goes well I can simply bring them together. I managed(after a bit of a struggle) to get each part working but when I combine them together it doesn't work(I tried in both eclipse & QT creator. QT creator says it exited unexpectedly and eclipse just stops..). Here's the parsing part(it works exactly as I want): #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { char line[1024] = "[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4],"; size_t len = strlen(line); memmove(line, line+1, len-3); line[len-3] = 0; printf("%s \n",line); char str[100], *s = str, *t = NULL; strcpy(str, line); while ((t = strtok(s, " ,")) != NULL) { s = NULL; printf(":%s:\n", t); } return 0; } The data in variable line is exactly as I get if I print each line of a file. But when I copy/paste it into my main program then it doesn't work(QT shows nothing and eclipse just shows the first line). This code is just a few file IO commands that are wrapped around the commands above(everything within the while loop is the exact same as above) #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main() { char line[1024]; FILE *fp = fopen("/Users/me/Desktop/output.txt","r"); printf("Starting.. \n"); int count = 0; int list[30]; //items will be stored here while(fgets(line, 1024, fp) != NULL){ count++; //char line[1024] = "[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4],"; size_t len = strlen(line); memmove(line, line+1, len-3); line[len-3] = 0; printf("%s \n",line); char str[100], *s = str, *t = NULL; strcpy(str, line); while ((t = strtok(s, " ,")) != NULL) { s = NULL; printf(":%s:\n", t); } } printf(" num of lines is %i \n", count); return 0; } eclipse output: Starting.. 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4 I can't figure out what I'm doing wrong. I'm using a mac with gcc 4.2, if that helps. The only thing I can think of is maybe I'm doing something wrong the way I parse the list variable so its not accessible later on(I'm not sure its a wild guess). Is there anything I'm missing?

    Read the article

  • Parsing mathematical experssions with two values that have parenthesis and minus signs

    - by user45921
    I'm trying to parse equations like these which only has two values or the square root of a certain value from a text file: 100+100 -100-100 -(100)+(-100) sqrt(100) by the minues signs, parenthesis and the operator symbol in the middle and the square root, and I have no idea how to start off... I've got the file part done and the simple calculation parts except that I couldnt get my program to solve the equations in the above. #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> main(){ FILE *fp; char buff[255], sym,sym2,del1,del2,del3,del4; double num1, num2; int ret; fp = fopen("input.txt","r"); while(fgets(buff,sizeof(buff),fp)!=NULL){ char *tok = buff; sscanf(tok,"%lf%c%lf",&num1,&sym,&num2); switch(sym){ case '+': printf("%lf\n", num1+num2); break; case '-': printf("%lf\n", num1-num2); break; case '*': printf("%lf\n", num1*num2); break; case '/': printf("%lf\n", num1/num2); break; default: printf("The input value is not correct\n"); break; } } fclose(fp); } that is what have I written for the other basic operations without parenthesis and the minus sign for the second value and it works great for the simple ones. I'm using a switch method to calculate the add, sub, mul and divide but I'm not sure how to properly use the sscanf function (if I am not using it properly) or if there is another way using a function like strtok to properly parse the parenthesis and the minus signs. Any kind help?

    Read the article

  • Why should main() be short?

    - by Stargazer712
    I've been programming for over 9 years, and according to the advice of my first programming teacher, I always keep my main() function extremely short. At first I had no idea why. I just obeyed without understanding, much to the delight of my professors. After gaining experience, I realized that if I designed my code correctly, having a short main() function just sortof happened. Writing modularized code and following the single responsibility principle allowed my code to be designed in "bunches", and main() served as nothing more than a catalyst to get the program running. Fast forward to a few weeks ago, I was looking at Python's souce code, and I found the main() function: /* Minimal main program -- everything is loaded from the library */ ... int main(int argc, char **argv) { ... return Py_Main(argc, argv); } Yay Python. Short main() function == Good code. Programming teachers were right. Wanting to look deeper, I took a look at Py_Main. In its entirety, it is defined as follows: /* Main program */ int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv) { int c; int sts; char *command = NULL; char *filename = NULL; char *module = NULL; FILE *fp = stdin; char *p; int unbuffered = 0; int skipfirstline = 0; int stdin_is_interactive = 0; int help = 0; int version = 0; int saw_unbuffered_flag = 0; PyCompilerFlags cf; cf.cf_flags = 0; orig_argc = argc; /* For Py_GetArgcArgv() */ orig_argv = argv; #ifdef RISCOS Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 0; #endif PySys_ResetWarnOptions(); while ((c = _PyOS_GetOpt(argc, argv, PROGRAM_OPTS)) != EOF) { if (c == 'c') { /* -c is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the command to interpret. */ command = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (command == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -c argument"); strcpy(command, _PyOS_optarg); strcat(command, "\n"); break; } if (c == 'm') { /* -m is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the module to interpret. */ module = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (module == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -m argument"); strcpy(module, _PyOS_optarg); break; } switch (c) { case 'b': Py_BytesWarningFlag++; break; case 'd': Py_DebugFlag++; break; case '3': Py_Py3kWarningFlag++; if (!Py_DivisionWarningFlag) Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; case 'Q': if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "old") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 0; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warn") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warnall") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 2; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "new") == 0) { /* This only affects __main__ */ cf.cf_flags |= CO_FUTURE_DIVISION; /* And this tells the eval loop to treat BINARY_DIVIDE as BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE */ _Py_QnewFlag = 1; break; } fprintf(stderr, "-Q option should be `-Qold', " "`-Qwarn', `-Qwarnall', or `-Qnew' only\n"); return usage(2, argv[0]); /* NOTREACHED */ case 'i': Py_InspectFlag++; Py_InteractiveFlag++; break; /* case 'J': reserved for Jython */ case 'O': Py_OptimizeFlag++; break; case 'B': Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag++; break; case 's': Py_NoUserSiteDirectory++; break; case 'S': Py_NoSiteFlag++; break; case 'E': Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag++; break; case 't': Py_TabcheckFlag++; break; case 'u': unbuffered++; saw_unbuffered_flag = 1; break; case 'v': Py_VerboseFlag++; break; #ifdef RISCOS case 'w': Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 1; break; #endif case 'x': skipfirstline = 1; break; /* case 'X': reserved for implementation-specific arguments */ case 'U': Py_UnicodeFlag++; break; case 'h': case '?': help++; break; case 'V': version++; break; case 'W': PySys_AddWarnOption(_PyOS_optarg); break; /* This space reserved for other options */ default: return usage(2, argv[0]); /*NOTREACHED*/ } } if (help) return usage(0, argv[0]); if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s\n", PY_VERSION); return 0; } if (Py_Py3kWarningFlag && !Py_TabcheckFlag) /* -3 implies -t (but not -tt) */ Py_TabcheckFlag = 1; if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') Py_InspectFlag = 1; if (!saw_unbuffered_flag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONUNBUFFERED")) && *p != '\0') unbuffered = 1; if (!Py_NoUserSiteDirectory && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONNOUSERSITE")) && *p != '\0') Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 1; if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONWARNINGS")) && *p != '\0') { char *buf, *warning; buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(p) + 1); if (buf == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy PYTHONWARNINGS"); strcpy(buf, p); for (warning = strtok(buf, ","); warning != NULL; warning = strtok(NULL, ",")) PySys_AddWarnOption(warning); free(buf); } if (command == NULL && module == NULL && _PyOS_optind < argc && strcmp(argv[_PyOS_optind], "-") != 0) { #ifdef __VMS filename = decc$translate_vms(argv[_PyOS_optind]); if (filename == (char *)0 || filename == (char *)-1) filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #else filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #endif } stdin_is_interactive = Py_FdIsInteractive(stdin, (char *)0); if (unbuffered) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__) _setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY); _setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ setbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ } else if (Py_InteractiveFlag) { #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Doesn't have to have line-buffered -- use unbuffered */ /* Any set[v]buf(stdin, ...) screws up Tkinter :-( */ setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !MS_WINDOWS */ #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #endif /* HAVE_SETVBUF */ #endif /* !MS_WINDOWS */ /* Leave stderr alone - it should be unbuffered anyway. */ } #ifdef __VMS else { setvbuf (stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); } #endif /* __VMS */ #ifdef __APPLE__ /* On MacOS X, when the Python interpreter is embedded in an application bundle, it gets executed by a bootstrapping script that does os.execve() with an argv[0] that's different from the actual Python executable. This is needed to keep the Finder happy, or rather, to work around Apple's overly strict requirements of the process name. However, we still need a usable sys.executable, so the actual executable path is passed in an environment variable. See Lib/plat-mac/bundlebuiler.py for details about the bootstrap script. */ if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONEXECUTABLE")) && *p != '\0') Py_SetProgramName(p); else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #endif Py_Initialize(); if (Py_VerboseFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL && stdin_is_interactive)) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s on %s\n", Py_GetVersion(), Py_GetPlatform()); if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", COPYRIGHT); } if (command != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } if (module != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' so that PySys_SetArgv correctly sets sys.path[0] to '' rather than looking for a file called "-m". See tracker issue #8202 for details. */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } PySys_SetArgv(argc-_PyOS_optind, argv+_PyOS_optind); if ((Py_InspectFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL)) && isatty(fileno(stdin))) { PyObject *v; v = PyImport_ImportModule("readline"); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(v); } if (command) { sts = PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(command, &cf) != 0; free(command); } else if (module) { sts = RunModule(module, 1); free(module); } else { if (filename == NULL && stdin_is_interactive) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* do exit on SystemExit */ RunStartupFile(&cf); } /* XXX */ sts = -1; /* keep track of whether we've already run __main__ */ if (filename != NULL) { sts = RunMainFromImporter(filename); } if (sts==-1 && filename!=NULL) { if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open file '%s': [Errno %d] %s\n", argv[0], filename, errno, strerror(errno)); return 2; } else if (skipfirstline) { int ch; /* Push back first newline so line numbers remain the same */ while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == '\n') { (void)ungetc(ch, fp); break; } } } { /* XXX: does this work on Win/Win64? (see posix_fstat) */ struct stat sb; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: '%s' is a directory, cannot continue\n", argv[0], filename); fclose(fp); return 1; } } } if (sts==-1) { /* call pending calls like signal handlers (SIGINT) */ if (Py_MakePendingCalls() == -1) { PyErr_Print(); sts = 1; } else { sts = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags( fp, filename == NULL ? "<stdin>" : filename, filename != NULL, &cf) != 0; } } } /* Check this environment variable at the end, to give programs the * opportunity to set it from Python. */ if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') { Py_InspectFlag = 1; } if (Py_InspectFlag && stdin_is_interactive && (filename != NULL || command != NULL || module != NULL)) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* XXX */ sts = PyRun_AnyFileFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", &cf) != 0; } Py_Finalize(); #ifdef RISCOS if (Py_RISCOSWimpFlag) fprintf(stderr, "\x0cq\x0c"); /* make frontend quit */ #endif #ifdef __INSURE__ /* Insure++ is a memory analysis tool that aids in discovering * memory leaks and other memory problems. On Python exit, the * interned string dictionary is flagged as being in use at exit * (which it is). Under normal circumstances, this is fine because * the memory will be automatically reclaimed by the system. Under * memory debugging, it's a huge source of useless noise, so we * trade off slower shutdown for less distraction in the memory * reports. -baw */ _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(); #endif /* __INSURE__ */ return sts; } Good God Almighty...it is big enough to sink the Titanic. It seems as though Python did the "Intro to Programming 101" trick and just moved all of main()'s code to a different function called it something very similar to "main". Here's my question: Is this code terribly written, or are there other reasons reasons to have a short main function? As it stands right now, I see absolutely no difference between doing this and just moving the code in Py_Main() back into main(). Am I wrong in thinking this?

    Read the article

  • Why should main() be short?

    - by Stargazer712
    I've been programming for over 9 years, and according to the advice of my first programming teacher, I always keep my main() function extremely short. At first I had no idea why. I just obeyed without understanding, much to the delight of my professors. After gaining experience, I realized that if I designed my code correctly, having a short main() function just sortof happened. Writing modularized code and following the single responsibility principle allowed my code to be designed in "bunches", and main() served as nothing more than a catalyst to get the program running. Fast forward to a few weeks ago, I was looking at Python's souce code, and I found the main() function: /* Minimal main program -- everything is loaded from the library */ ... int main(int argc, char **argv) { ... return Py_Main(argc, argv); } Yay python. Short main() function == Good code. Programming teachers were right. Wanting to look deeper, I took a look at Py_Main. In its entirety, it is defined as follows: /* Main program */ int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv) { int c; int sts; char *command = NULL; char *filename = NULL; char *module = NULL; FILE *fp = stdin; char *p; int unbuffered = 0; int skipfirstline = 0; int stdin_is_interactive = 0; int help = 0; int version = 0; int saw_unbuffered_flag = 0; PyCompilerFlags cf; cf.cf_flags = 0; orig_argc = argc; /* For Py_GetArgcArgv() */ orig_argv = argv; #ifdef RISCOS Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 0; #endif PySys_ResetWarnOptions(); while ((c = _PyOS_GetOpt(argc, argv, PROGRAM_OPTS)) != EOF) { if (c == 'c') { /* -c is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the command to interpret. */ command = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (command == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -c argument"); strcpy(command, _PyOS_optarg); strcat(command, "\n"); break; } if (c == 'm') { /* -m is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the module to interpret. */ module = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (module == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -m argument"); strcpy(module, _PyOS_optarg); break; } switch (c) { case 'b': Py_BytesWarningFlag++; break; case 'd': Py_DebugFlag++; break; case '3': Py_Py3kWarningFlag++; if (!Py_DivisionWarningFlag) Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; case 'Q': if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "old") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 0; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warn") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warnall") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 2; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "new") == 0) { /* This only affects __main__ */ cf.cf_flags |= CO_FUTURE_DIVISION; /* And this tells the eval loop to treat BINARY_DIVIDE as BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE */ _Py_QnewFlag = 1; break; } fprintf(stderr, "-Q option should be `-Qold', " "`-Qwarn', `-Qwarnall', or `-Qnew' only\n"); return usage(2, argv[0]); /* NOTREACHED */ case 'i': Py_InspectFlag++; Py_InteractiveFlag++; break; /* case 'J': reserved for Jython */ case 'O': Py_OptimizeFlag++; break; case 'B': Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag++; break; case 's': Py_NoUserSiteDirectory++; break; case 'S': Py_NoSiteFlag++; break; case 'E': Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag++; break; case 't': Py_TabcheckFlag++; break; case 'u': unbuffered++; saw_unbuffered_flag = 1; break; case 'v': Py_VerboseFlag++; break; #ifdef RISCOS case 'w': Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 1; break; #endif case 'x': skipfirstline = 1; break; /* case 'X': reserved for implementation-specific arguments */ case 'U': Py_UnicodeFlag++; break; case 'h': case '?': help++; break; case 'V': version++; break; case 'W': PySys_AddWarnOption(_PyOS_optarg); break; /* This space reserved for other options */ default: return usage(2, argv[0]); /*NOTREACHED*/ } } if (help) return usage(0, argv[0]); if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s\n", PY_VERSION); return 0; } if (Py_Py3kWarningFlag && !Py_TabcheckFlag) /* -3 implies -t (but not -tt) */ Py_TabcheckFlag = 1; if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') Py_InspectFlag = 1; if (!saw_unbuffered_flag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONUNBUFFERED")) && *p != '\0') unbuffered = 1; if (!Py_NoUserSiteDirectory && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONNOUSERSITE")) && *p != '\0') Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 1; if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONWARNINGS")) && *p != '\0') { char *buf, *warning; buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(p) + 1); if (buf == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy PYTHONWARNINGS"); strcpy(buf, p); for (warning = strtok(buf, ","); warning != NULL; warning = strtok(NULL, ",")) PySys_AddWarnOption(warning); free(buf); } if (command == NULL && module == NULL && _PyOS_optind < argc && strcmp(argv[_PyOS_optind], "-") != 0) { #ifdef __VMS filename = decc$translate_vms(argv[_PyOS_optind]); if (filename == (char *)0 || filename == (char *)-1) filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #else filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #endif } stdin_is_interactive = Py_FdIsInteractive(stdin, (char *)0); if (unbuffered) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__) _setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY); _setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ setbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ } else if (Py_InteractiveFlag) { #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Doesn't have to have line-buffered -- use unbuffered */ /* Any set[v]buf(stdin, ...) screws up Tkinter :-( */ setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !MS_WINDOWS */ #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #endif /* HAVE_SETVBUF */ #endif /* !MS_WINDOWS */ /* Leave stderr alone - it should be unbuffered anyway. */ } #ifdef __VMS else { setvbuf (stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); } #endif /* __VMS */ #ifdef __APPLE__ /* On MacOS X, when the Python interpreter is embedded in an application bundle, it gets executed by a bootstrapping script that does os.execve() with an argv[0] that's different from the actual Python executable. This is needed to keep the Finder happy, or rather, to work around Apple's overly strict requirements of the process name. However, we still need a usable sys.executable, so the actual executable path is passed in an environment variable. See Lib/plat-mac/bundlebuiler.py for details about the bootstrap script. */ if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONEXECUTABLE")) && *p != '\0') Py_SetProgramName(p); else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #endif Py_Initialize(); if (Py_VerboseFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL && stdin_is_interactive)) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s on %s\n", Py_GetVersion(), Py_GetPlatform()); if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", COPYRIGHT); } if (command != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } if (module != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' so that PySys_SetArgv correctly sets sys.path[0] to '' rather than looking for a file called "-m". See tracker issue #8202 for details. */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } PySys_SetArgv(argc-_PyOS_optind, argv+_PyOS_optind); if ((Py_InspectFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL)) && isatty(fileno(stdin))) { PyObject *v; v = PyImport_ImportModule("readline"); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(v); } if (command) { sts = PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(command, &cf) != 0; free(command); } else if (module) { sts = RunModule(module, 1); free(module); } else { if (filename == NULL && stdin_is_interactive) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* do exit on SystemExit */ RunStartupFile(&cf); } /* XXX */ sts = -1; /* keep track of whether we've already run __main__ */ if (filename != NULL) { sts = RunMainFromImporter(filename); } if (sts==-1 && filename!=NULL) { if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open file '%s': [Errno %d] %s\n", argv[0], filename, errno, strerror(errno)); return 2; } else if (skipfirstline) { int ch; /* Push back first newline so line numbers remain the same */ while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == '\n') { (void)ungetc(ch, fp); break; } } } { /* XXX: does this work on Win/Win64? (see posix_fstat) */ struct stat sb; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: '%s' is a directory, cannot continue\n", argv[0], filename); fclose(fp); return 1; } } } if (sts==-1) { /* call pending calls like signal handlers (SIGINT) */ if (Py_MakePendingCalls() == -1) { PyErr_Print(); sts = 1; } else { sts = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags( fp, filename == NULL ? "<stdin>" : filename, filename != NULL, &cf) != 0; } } } /* Check this environment variable at the end, to give programs the * opportunity to set it from Python. */ if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') { Py_InspectFlag = 1; } if (Py_InspectFlag && stdin_is_interactive && (filename != NULL || command != NULL || module != NULL)) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* XXX */ sts = PyRun_AnyFileFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", &cf) != 0; } Py_Finalize(); #ifdef RISCOS if (Py_RISCOSWimpFlag) fprintf(stderr, "\x0cq\x0c"); /* make frontend quit */ #endif #ifdef __INSURE__ /* Insure++ is a memory analysis tool that aids in discovering * memory leaks and other memory problems. On Python exit, the * interned string dictionary is flagged as being in use at exit * (which it is). Under normal circumstances, this is fine because * the memory will be automatically reclaimed by the system. Under * memory debugging, it's a huge source of useless noise, so we * trade off slower shutdown for less distraction in the memory * reports. -baw */ _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(); #endif /* __INSURE__ */ return sts; } Good God Almighty...it is big enough to sink the Titanic. It seems as though Python did the "Intro to Programming 101" trick and just moved all of main()'s code to a different function called it something very similar to "main". Here's my question: Is this code terribly written, or are there other reasons to have a short main function? As it stands right now, I see absolutely no difference between doing this and just moving the code in Py_Main() back into main(). Am I wrong in thinking this?

    Read the article

  • Help with malloc and free: Glibc detected: free(): invalid pointer

    - by nunos
    I need help with debugging this piece of code. I know the problem is in malloc and free but can't find exactly where, why and how to fix it. Please don't answer: "Use gdb" and that's it. I would use gdb to debug it, but I still don't know much about it and am still learning it, and would like to have, in the meanwhile, another solution. Thanks. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/types.h> #define MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH 256 #define MAX_ARGS_NUMBER 128 #define MAX_HISTORY_NUMBER 100 #define PROMPT ">>> " int num_elems; typedef enum {false, true} bool; typedef struct { char **arg; char *infile; char *outfile; int background; } Command_Info; int parse_cmd(char *cmd_line, Command_Info *cmd_info) { char *arg; char *args[MAX_ARGS_NUMBER]; int i = 0; arg = strtok(cmd_line, " "); while (arg != NULL) { args[i] = arg; arg = strtok(NULL, " "); i++; } num_elems = i;precisa em free_mem if (num_elems == 0) return 0; cmd_info->arg = (char **) ( malloc(num_elems * sizeof(char *)) ); cmd_info->infile = NULL; cmd_info->outfile = NULL; cmd_info->background = 0; bool b_infile = false; bool b_outfile = false; int iarg = 0; for (i = 0; i < num_elems; i++) { if ( !strcmp(args[i], "<") ) { if ( b_infile || i == num_elems-1 || !strcmp(args[i+1], "<") || !strcmp(args[i+1], ">") || !strcmp(args[i+1], "&") ) return -1; i++; cmd_info->infile = malloc(strlen(args[i]) * sizeof(char)); strcpy(cmd_info->infile, args[i]); b_infile = true; } else if (!strcmp(args[i], ">")) { if ( b_outfile || i == num_elems-1 || !strcmp(args[i+1], ">") || !strcmp(args[i+1], "<") || !strcmp(args[i+1], "&") ) return -1; i++; cmd_info->outfile = malloc(strlen(args[i]) * sizeof(char)); strcpy(cmd_info->outfile, args[i]); b_outfile = true; } else if (!strcmp(args[i], "&")) { if ( i == 0 || i != num_elems-1 || cmd_info->background ) return -1; cmd_info->background = true; } else { cmd_info->arg[iarg] = malloc(strlen(args[i]) * sizeof(char)); strcpy(cmd_info->arg[iarg], args[i]); iarg++; } } cmd_info->arg[iarg] = NULL; return 0; } void print_cmd(Command_Info *cmd_info) { int i; for (i = 0; cmd_info->arg[i] != NULL; i++) printf("arg[%d]=\"%s\"\n", i, cmd_info->arg[i]); printf("arg[%d]=\"%s\"\n", i, cmd_info->arg[i]); printf("infile=\"%s\"\n", cmd_info->infile); printf("outfile=\"%s\"\n", cmd_info->outfile); printf("background=\"%d\"\n", cmd_info->background); } void get_cmd(char* str) { fgets(str, MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH, stdin); str[strlen(str)-1] = '\0'; } pid_t exec_simple(Command_Info *cmd_info) { pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { perror("Fork Error"); return -1; } if (pid == 0) { if ( (execvp(cmd_info->arg[0], cmd_info->arg)) == -1) { perror(cmd_info->arg[0]); exit(1); } } return pid; } void type_prompt(void) { printf("%s", PROMPT); } void syntax_error(void) { printf("msh syntax error\n"); } void free_mem(Command_Info *cmd_info) { int i; for (i = 0; cmd_info->arg[i] != NULL; i++) free(cmd_info->arg[i]); free(cmd_info->arg); free(cmd_info->infile); free(cmd_info->outfile); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char cmd_line[MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH]; Command_Info cmd_info; //char* history[MAX_HISTORY_NUMBER]; while (true) { type_prompt(); get_cmd(cmd_line); if ( parse_cmd(cmd_line, &cmd_info) == -1) { syntax_error(); continue; } if (!strcmp(cmd_line, "")) continue; if (!strcmp(cmd_info.arg[0], "exit")) exit(0); pid_t pid = exec_simple(&cmd_info); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0); free_mem(&cmd_info); } return 0; }

    Read the article

  • Parse values from a text file in C

    - by Mohit Deshpande
    Say I have written to a text file in this format: key1/value1 key2/value2 akey/withavalue anotherkey/withanothervalue I have a linked list like: struct Node { char *key; char *value; struct Node *next; }; to hold the values. How would I read key1 and value1? I was thinking of putting line by line in a buffer and using strtok(buffer, '/'). Would that work? What other ways could work, maybe a bit faster or less prone to error? Please include a code sample if you can!

    Read the article

  • Delphi 7 : how to split a string into a TStringList

    - by mawg
    It's Delphi seven and I want the equivalent of strtok(). Specifically, I have a DFM as a string (pulled from a MySql database) and I want to split it into lines in a TStringList. It looks something like this ... 'Oject Form1: TScriptForm'#$D#$A' Left = 0'#$D#$A' Top = 0'#$D#$A' Align = alClient'#$D#$A' BorderStyle = bsNone'#$D#$A' ClientHeight = 517'#$D#$A' ClientWidth = 993'#$D#$A' Color = clBtnFace'#$D#$A' Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET'#$D#$A' Font.Color = clWindowText'#$D#$A' Font.Height = -11'#$D#$A' Font.Name = 'MS Sans Serif''#$D#$A' Font.Style = []'#$D#$A' OldCreateOrder = False'#$D#$A' SaveProps.Strings = ('#$D#$A' 'Visible=False')'#$D#$A' PixelsPerInch = 96'#$D#$A' TextHeight = 13'#$D#$A'

    Read the article

  • How can I access a global pointer outside of a C function?

    - by patrick
    I am trying to access the data of*tkn within a different function in my program for example: putchar(*tkn); It is a global variable but its not working correctly. Any ideas? #define MAX 20 // globals char *tkn; char array[MAX]; ... void tokenize() { int i = 0, j = 0; char *delim = " "; tkn = strtok (str," "); // get token 1 if (tkn != NULL) { printf("token1: "); while ((*tkn != 0) && (tkn != NULL)) { putchar(*tkn); array[i] = *tkn; *tkn++; i++; } } }

    Read the article

  • How to build a sentence parser using only the c++ standared library?

    - by CiM
    Hello everyone, I am designing a text based game similar to Zork, and I would like it to able to parse a sentance and draw out keywords such TAKE, DROP ect. The thing is, I would like to do this all through the standard c++ library... I have heard of external libraries (such as flex/bison) that effectively accomplish this; however I don't want to mess with those just yet. What I am thinking of implementing is a token based system that has a list of words that the parser can recognize even if they are in a sentence such as "take sword and kill monster" and know that according to the parsers grammar rules, TAKE, SWORD, KILL and MONSTER are all recognized as tokens and would produce the output "Monster killed" or something to that effect. I have heard there is a function in the c++ standard library called strtok that does this, however I have also heard it's "unsafe". So if anyone here could lend a helping hand, I would greatly appreciate it.

    Read the article

  • bandwidth throttling C linux

    - by bob moch
    hi im currently creating a function to create a sleep time i can pause between packets for my port scanner im creating for personal/educational use for my home network. what im currently doing is opening /proc/net/dev and reading the 9th set of digits for the eth0 interface to find out the current packets being set and then reading it again and doing some math to figure out a delay to sleep between sending a packet to a port to identify it and fingerprint it. my problem is that no matter what throttle % i use it always seems to send the same rate of packets. i think its mainly my way of mathematically creating my sleep delay. edit:: dont mind the function declaration and the struct stuff all im doing is spawning this function in a thread and passing a pointer to a struct to the function, recreating the struct locally and then freeing the passed structs memory. void *bandwidthmonitor_cmd(void *param) { char cmdline[1024], *bytedata[19]; int i = 0, ii = 0; long long prevbytes = 0, currentbytes = 0, elapsedbytes = 0, byteusage = 0, maxthrottle = 0; command_struct bandwidth = *((command_struct *)param); free(param); //printf("speed: %d\n throttle: %d\n\n", UPLOAD_SPEED, bandwidth.throttle); maxthrottle = UPLOAD_SPEED * bandwidth.throttle / 100; //printf("max throttle:%lld\n", maxthrottle); FILE *f = fopen("/proc/net/dev", "r"); if(f != NULL) { while(1) { while(fgets(cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), f) != NULL) { cmdline[strlen(cmdline)] = '\0'; if(strncmp(cmdline, " eth0", 6) == 0) { bytedata[0] = strtok(cmdline, " "); while(bytedata[i] != NULL) { i++; bytedata[i] = strtok(NULL, " "); } bytedata[i + 1] = '\0'; currentbytes = atoi(bytedata[9]); } } i = 0; rewind(f); elapsedbytes = currentbytes - prevbytes; prevbytes = currentbytes; byteusage = 8 * (elapsedbytes / 1024); //printf("usage:%lld\n",byteusage); if(ii & 0x40) { SLEEP += (maxthrottle - byteusage) * -1.1;//-2.5; if(SLEEP < 0){ SLEEP = 0; } //printf("sleep:%d\n", SLEEP); } usleep(25000); ii++; } } return NULL; } SLEEP and UPLOAD_SPEED are global variables and UPLOAD_SPEED is in kb/s and generated via a speedtest function that gets the upload speed of my computer. this function is running inside a POSIX thread updating SLEEP which my threads doing the socket work grab to sleep by after every packet. as testing instead of only doing the ports i want to check i make it do all the ports over and over again so i can run dstat on a machine to check bandwidth and no matter what bandwidth.throttle is set to it always seems to generate the same amount of bandwidth to the dstat machine. the way i calculate how much i "should" throttle by is by finding the maximum throttle speed which is defined as maxthrottle = upload_speed * throttle / 100; for example if my upload speed was 1000kb/s and my throttle was 90 (90%) my max throttle would be 900kb/s from there it would find the current bytes sent from /proc/net/dev and then find my sleep time via incrementing or decrementing it via sleep += (maxthrottle - bytesysed) * -1.1; this should in theory increase or decrease the sleep time based on how many bytes used there are. the if(ii & 0x40) statement is just for some moderation control. it makes it so it only sets sleep to a new time every 30-40 iterations. final notes: the main problem is that the sleep timer does not seem to modify the speed of packets being set. or maybe its just my implementation because on a freshly restarted machine where /proc/net/dev has low numbers of bytes sent it seems to raise the sleep timer accordingly on my 60kb/s upload machine (ex if i set the throttle to 2 it will incline the sleep timer until network bandwidth out reaches the max bandwidth threshold, but when i try running it on a server which as been online forever it doesnt seem to work as nicely if at all. if anyone can suggest a new method of monitoring the network to adjust a sleep delay then let me know or if anyone sees a flaw in my code. thank you.

    Read the article

  • Char error C langauge

    - by Nadeem tabbaa
    i have a project for a course, i did almost everything but i have this error i dont know who to solve it... the project about doing our own shell some of them we have to write our code, others we will use the fork method.. this is the code, #include <sys/wait.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <limits.h> #include <errno.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<fcntl.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/stat.h> #include<sys/types.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { pid_t pid; char str[21], *arg[10]; int x,status,number; system("clear"); while(1) { printf("Rshell>" ); fgets(str,21,stdin); x = 0; arg[x] = strtok(str, " \n\t"); while(arg[x]) arg[++x] = strtok(NULL, " \n\t"); if(NULL!=arg[0]) { if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"cat")==0) //done { int f=0,n; char l[1]; struct stat s; if(x!=2) { printf("Mismatch argument\n"); } /*if(access(arg[1],F_OK)) { printf("File Exist"); exit(1); } if(stat(arg[1],&s)<0) { printf("Stat ERROR"); exit(1); } if(S_ISREG(s.st_mode)<0) { printf("Not a Regular FILE"); exit(1); } if(geteuid()==s.st_uid) if(s.st_mode & S_IRUSR) f=1; else if(getegid()==s.st_gid) if(s.st_mode & S_IRGRP) f=1; else if(s.st_mode & S_IROTH) f=1; if(!f) { printf("Permission denied"); exit(1); }*/ f=open(arg[1],O_RDONLY); while((n=read(f,l,1))>0) write(1,l,n); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"rm")==0) //done { if( unlink( arg[1] ) != 0 ) perror( "Error deleting file" ); else puts( "File successfully deleted" ); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"rmdir")==0) //done { if( remove( arg[1] ) != 0 ) perror( "Error deleting Directory" ); else puts( "Directory successfully deleted" ); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"ls")==0) //done { DIR *dir; struct dirent *dirent; char *where = NULL; //printf("x== %i\n",x); //printf("x== %s\n",arg[1]); //printf("x== %i\n",get_current_dir_name()); if (x == 1) where = get_current_dir_name(); else where = arg[1]; if (NULL == (dir = opendir(where))) { fprintf(stderr,"%d (%s) opendir %s failed\n", errno, strerror(errno), where); return 2; } while (NULL != (dirent = readdir(dir))) { printf("%s\n", dirent->d_name); } closedir(dir); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"cp")==0) //not yet for Raed { FILE *from, *to; char ch; if(argc!=3) { printf("Usage: copy <source> <destination>\n"); exit(1); } /* open source file */ if((from = fopen(argv[1], "rb"))==NULL) { printf("Cannot open source file.\n"); exit(1); } /* open destination file */ if((to = fopen(argv[2], "wb"))==NULL) { printf("Cannot open destination file.\n"); exit(1); } /* copy the file */ while(!feof(from)) { ch = fgetc(from); if(ferror(from)) { printf("Error reading source file.\n"); exit(1); } if(!feof(from)) fputc(ch, to); if(ferror(to)) { printf("Error writing destination file.\n"); exit(1); } } if(fclose(from)==EOF) { printf("Error closing source file.\n"); exit(1); } if(fclose(to)==EOF) { printf("Error closing destination file.\n"); exit(1); } } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"mv")==0)//done { if( rename(arg[1],arg[2]) != 0 ) perror( "Error moving file" ); else puts( "File successfully moved" ); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"hi")==0)//done { printf("hello\n"); } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"exit")==0) // done { return 0; } else if(strcasecmp(arg[0],"sleep")==0) // done { if(x==1) printf("plz enter the # seconds to sleep\n"); else sleep(atoi(arg[1])); } else if(strcmp(arg[0],"history")==0) // not done { FILE *infile; //char fname[40]; char line[100]; int lcount; ///* Read in the filename */ //printf("Enter the name of a ascii file: "); //fgets(History.txt, sizeof(fname), stdin); /* Open the file. If NULL is returned there was an error */ if((infile = fopen("History.txt", "r")) == NULL) { printf("Error Opening File.\n"); exit(1); } while( fgets(line, sizeof(line), infile) != NULL ) { /* Get each line from the infile */ lcount++; /* print the line number and data */ printf("Line %d: %s", lcount, line); } fclose(infile); /* Close the file */ writeHistory(arg); //write to txt file every new executed command //read from the file once the history command been called //if a command called not for the first time then just replace it to the end of the file } else if(strncmp(arg[0],"@",1)==0) // not done { //scripting files // read from the file command by command and executing them } else if(strcmp(arg[0],"type")==0) //not done { //if(x==1) //printf("plz enter the argument\n"); //else //type((arg[1])); } else { pid = fork( ); if (pid == 0) { execlp(arg[0], arg[0], arg[1], arg[2], NULL); printf ("EXEC Failed\n"); } else { wait(&status); if(strcmp(arg[0],"clear")!=0) { printf("status %04X\n",status); if(WIFEXITED(status)) printf("Normal termination, exit code %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(status)); else printf("Abnormal termination\n"); } } } } } } void writeHistory(char *arg[]) { FILE *file; file = fopen("History.txt","a+"); /* apend file (add text to a file or create a file if it does not exist.*/ int i =0; while(strcasecmp(arg[0],NULL)==0) { fprintf(file,"%s ",arg[i]); /*writes*/ } fprintf(file,"\n"); /*new line*/ fclose(file); /*done!*/ getchar(); /* pause and wait for key */ //return 0; } the thing is when i compile the code, this what it gives me /home/ugics/st255375/ICS431Labs/Project/Rshell.c: At top level: /home/ugics/st255375/ICS431Labs/Project/Rshell.c:264: warning: conflicting types for ‘writeHistory’ /home/ugics/st255375/ICS431Labs/Project/Rshell.c:217: note: previous implicit declaration of ‘writeHistory’ was here can any one help me??? thanks

    Read the article

  • error message The URI does not identify an external Java class

    - by iHeartGreek
    Hi! I am new to XSL, and thus new to using scripts within the XSL. I have taken example code (also using C#) and adapted it for my own use.. but it does not work. The error message is: The URI urn:cs-scripts does not identify an external Java class The relevant code I have is: <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:msxsl="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" exclude-result-prefixes="msxsl" xmlns:strTok="urn:cs-scripts"> ... ... ... </xsl:template> <xsl:variable name="temp"> <xsl:value-of select="tok:getList('AAA BBB CCC', ' ')"/> </xsl:variable> <msxsl:script language="C#" implements-prefix="tok"> <![CDATA[ public string[] getList(string str, char[] delim) { return str.Split(delim, StringSplitOptions.None); } public string getString(string[] list, int i) { return list[i]; } ]]> </msxsl:script> </xsl:stylesheet>

    Read the article

  • parsing ssid with iwconfig in c

    - by user1781595
    I am about building a bar for DWM (ubuntu linux), showing wifi details such as the ssid. Thats my code: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) { FILE *fp; int status; char path[1035]; /* Open the command for reading. */ fp = popen("iwconfig", "r"); if (fp == NULL) { printf("Failed to run command\n" ); exit; } char s[500]; /* Read the output a line at a time - output it. */ while (fgets(path, sizeof(path)-1, fp) != NULL) { sprintf(s,"%s%s",s, path); } //printf("%s",s); /* close */ pclose(fp); char delimiter[1] = "s"; char *ptr; ptr = strtok(s, delimiter); printf("SSID: %s\n", ptr); return 0; } i am getting overflowerrors and dont know what to do. I dont think, thats a good way to get the ssid either... :/ Suggestions?

    Read the article

  • whats wrong with strcpy()

    - by blacktooth
    What is wrong with strcpy() in this code? void process_filedata(char *filename) { void* content; const char * buffer; char * temp; char * row; char * col; int lsize,buflen,tmp,num_scan; //num_scan - number of characters scanned int m=0,p=0,d=0,j=0; //m - machine, p - phase, d- delimiter, j - job FILE *file_pointer = fopen("machinetimesnew.csv","r"); if(file_pointer == NULL) { error_flag = print_error("Error opening file"); if(error_flag) exit(1); } fseek(file_pointer, 0 ,SEEK_END); lsize = ftell(file_pointer); buflen = lsize; rewind(file_pointer); // content = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char)*lsize); fread(content,1,lsize,file_pointer); buffer = (const char*) content; strcpy(temp,buffer); row = strtok(temp,"\n"); ............... ............... I am getting a segmentation fault..

    Read the article

  • How do I get the next token in a Cstring if I want to use it as an int? (c++)

    - by Van
    My objective is to take directions from a user and eventually a text file to move a robot. The catch is that I must use Cstrings(such as char word[];) rather than the std::string and tokenize them for use. the code looks like this: void Navigator::manualDrive() { char uinput[1]; char delim[] = " "; char *token; cout << "Enter your directions below: \n"; cin.ignore(); cin.getline (uinput, 256); token=strtok(uinput, delim); if(token == "forward") { int inches; inches=token+1; travel(inches); } } I've never used Cstrings I've never tokenized anything before, and I don't know how to write this. Our T.A.'s expect us to google and find all the answers because they are aware we've never been taught these methods. Everyone in my lab is having much more trouble than usual. I don't know the code to write but I know what I want my program to do. I want it to execute like this: 1) Ask for directions. 2) cin.getline the users input 3) tokenize the inputed string 4) if the first word token == "forward" move to the next token and find out how many inches to move forward then move forward 5) else if the first token == "turn" move to the next token. if the next token == "left" move to the next token and find out how many degrees to turn left I will have to do this for forward x, backward x, turn left x, turn right x, and stop(where x is in inches or degrees). I already wrote functions that tell the robot how to move forward an inch and turn in degrees. I just need to know how to convert the inputted strings to all lowercase letters and move from token to token and convert or extract the numbers from the string to use them as integers. If all is not clear you can read my lab write up at this link: http://www.cs.utk.edu/~cs102/robot_labs/Lab9.html If anything is unclear please let me know, and I will clarify as best I can.

    Read the article

  • Problems with making a simple UNIX shell

    - by Kodemax
    Hai, I am trying to create a simple shell in UNIX. I read a lot and found that everybody uses the strtok a lot. But i want to do without any special functions. So i wrote the code but i cant seem to get it to work. Can anybody point out what i am doing wrong here? void process(char**); int arg_count; char **splitcommand(char* input) { char temp[81][81] ,*cmdptr[40]; int k,done=0,no=0,arg_count=0; for(int i=0 ; input[i] != '\0' ; i++) { k=0; while(1) { if(input[i] == ' ') { arg_count++; break; } if(input[i] == '\0') { arg_count++; done = 1; break; } temp[arg_count][k++] = input[i++]; } temp[arg_count][k++] = '\0'; if(done == 1) { break; } } for(int i=0 ; i<arg_count ; i++) { cmdptr[i] = temp[i]; cout<<endl; } cout<<endl; } void process(char* cmd[]) { int pid = fork(); if(pid < 0) { cout << "Fork Failed" << endl; exit(-1); } else if( pid == 0) { cout<<endl<<"in pid"; execvp(cmd[0], cmd); } else { wait(NULL); cout << "Job's Done" << endl; } } int main() { cout<<"Welcome to shell !!!!!!!!!!!"<<endl; char input[81]; cin.getline(input,81); splitcommand(input); }

    Read the article

< Previous Page | 1 2 3 4  | Next Page >