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  • ASP.NET trace level

    - by axk
    This question is related to my another question. With trace enabled I can get the following(not quite verbose) trace of a page request: [2488] aspx.page: Begin PreInit [2488] aspx.page: End PreInit [2488] aspx.page: Begin Init [2488] aspx.page: End Init [2488] aspx.page: Begin InitComplete [2488] aspx.page: End InitComplete [2488] aspx.page: Begin PreLoad [2488] aspx.page: End PreLoad [2488] aspx.page: Begin Load [2488] aspx.page: End Load [2488] aspx.page: Begin LoadComplete [2488] aspx.page: End LoadComplete [2488] aspx.page: Begin PreRender [2488] aspx.page: End PreRender [2488] aspx.page: Begin PreRenderComplete [2488] aspx.page: End PreRenderComplete [2488] aspx.page: Begin SaveState [2488] aspx.page: End SaveState [2488] aspx.page: Begin SaveStateComplete [2488] aspx.page: End SaveStateComplete [2488] aspx.page: Begin Render [2488] aspx.page: End Render Reflector shows that System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain method which I suppose does the main part of request processing has more conditional trace messges. For example: if (context.TraceIsEnabled) { this.Trace.Write("aspx.page", "Begin PreInit"); } if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 4)) { EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_PAGE_PRE_INIT_ENTER, this._context.WorkerRequest); } this.PerformPreInit(); if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 4)) { EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_PAGE_PRE_INIT_LEAVE, this._context.WorkerRequest); } if (context.TraceIsEnabled) { this.Trace.Write("aspx.page", "End PreInit"); } if (context.TraceIsEnabled) { this.Trace.Write("aspx.page", "Begin Init"); } if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 4)) { EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_PAGE_INIT_ENTER, this._context.WorkerRequest); } this.InitRecursive(null); So there are these EwtTrace.Trace messages which I don't see I the trace. Going deeper with Reflector shows that EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled is checking if the appropriate tracelevel set: internal static bool IsTraceEnabled(int level, int flag) { return ((level < _traceLevel) && ((flag & _traceFlags) != 0)); } So the question is how do I control these _traceLevel and _traceFlags and where should these trace messages ( EtwTrace.Trace ) go? The code I'm looking at is of .net framework 2.0 @Edit: I guess I should start with ETW Tracing MSDN entry.

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  • Add Trace methods to System.Diagnostics.TraceListner

    - by user200295
    I wrote a Log class derived from System.Diagnostics.TraceListener like so public class Log : TraceListener This acts as a wrapper to Log4Net and allows people to use System.Diagnostics Tracing like so Trace.Listeners.Clear(); Trace.Listeners.Add(new Log("MyProgram")); Trace.TraceInformation("Program Starting"); There is a request to add additional tracing levels then the default Trace ones (Error,Warning,Information) I want to have this added to the System.Diagnostics.Trace so it can be used like Trace.TraceVerbose("blah blah"); Trace.TraceAlert("Alert!"); Is there any way I can do this with an extension class? I tried public static class TraceListenerExtensions { public static void TraceVerbose(this Trace trace) {} } but nothing is being exposed on the trace instance being passed in :(

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  • How can I filter the WCF Trace?

    - by Lawrence A. Contreras
    I need to get the following information during tracing: 1. I need to know how long an operation was executed. 2. I need to know if the operation(method in the service) is executed successfully. 3. I need to know if there's an error. I know that we can see all of that using the Service Trace Viewer, but is there a way that I can filter the information to the things mentioned above?

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  • What does SQL Server trace flag 253 do?

    - by kamens
    In another question I was trying to research how to control SQL Server's query plan caches: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2593749/is-there-an-equivalent-of-optionrecompile-or-with-recompile-for-an-entire-c ...and I found trace flag 253 via this article: http://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic837613-146-1.aspx The article is correct, if I run DBCC TRACEON(253) and then a number of queries, I can manually check the query plan cache and see that plans have not been inserted. If I run DBCC TRACEOFF(253), query plans are cached as normal. So my question is...what else does this flag do? Does anybody know the official story?

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  • Stack trace for C++ using gcc

    - by dimba
    We use stack traces in proprietary assert like macro to catch developer mistakes - when error is caught, stack trace is printed. I find gcc's pair backtrace()/backtrace_symbols() methods insufficient: Names are mangled No line information 1st problem can be resolved by abi::__cxa_demangle. However 2nd problem s more tough. I found replacement for backtrace_symbols(). This is better than gcc's backtrace_symbols(), since it can retrieve line numbers (if compiled with -g) and you don't need to compile with -rdynamic. Hoverer the code is GNU licenced, so IMHO I can't use it in commercial code. Any proposals?

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  • How to use traceit to report function input variables in stack trace

    - by reckoner
    Hi, I've been using the following code to trace the execution of my programs: import sys import linecache import random def traceit(frame, event, arg): if event == "line": lineno = frame.f_lineno filename = frame.f_globals["__file__"] if filename == "<stdin>": filename = "traceit.py" if (filename.endswith(".pyc") or filename.endswith(".pyo")): filename = filename[:-1] name = frame.f_globals["__name__"] line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno) print "%s:%s:%s: %s" % (name, lineno,frame.f_code.co_name , line.rstrip()) return traceit def main(): print "In main" for i in range(5): print i, random.randrange(0, 10) print "Done." sys.settrace(traceit) main() Using this code, or something like it, is it possible to report the values of certain function arguments? In other words, the above code tells me "which" functions were called and I would like to know "what" the corresponding values of the input variables for those function calls. Thanks in advance.

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  • How to enable BDS2006's C++ WARN & TRACE macros.

    - by Psychic
    I am trying to find out how to enable (& use) Borland's WARN & TRACE macros. My starting point was this link: http://bcbjournal.org/articles/vol2/9809/Debugging_with_diagnostic_macros.htm?PHPSESSID=37bf58851bfeb5c199d1af31d7b2e7ff However, that appears to be for BCB5, and not the 2006 Borland Developer Studio. I've set the two defines (__WARN & __TRACE) I've included the .h file () I've added some macros, and everything compiles & links fine. But when I run the application (in DEBUG mode), no debug output file is created. What am I missing here?

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  • Java, how to trace functions called

    - by user435657
    Hi all, I want to trace the beginning [& ending] of functions called in Java, like the following code: public void foo() { System.out.println("begin of foo()"); ... System.out.println("e-n-d of foo()"); } But maintaining of the dump code System.out.println is something tedious and error-prone, for there may be tens of thounds of function in an class. Any good idea can ease this work? I don't want dump statements all over the file. Implementation of both or one of the beginning & ending traces is perferd. But, if impossible, recordings of that the function has been called is also helpful. I mean not care the exact beginnig and ending, just tell that the function has been called.

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  • Autoconf/Automake "configure.ac:2: option `-Wall' not recognized"

    - by Atmocreations
    Hello I'm trying to start with autoconf / automake for a new project. To get started, I'm reading "Using GNU Autotools" and trying to build the Hello-World-Tutorial. The required files from page 96 (real Page=105 because it's a LaTeX-Presentation) configure.ac, Makefile.am and src/Makefile.am look exactly as stated in the document. After that I tried: $ autoreconf --install configure.ac:2: option `-Wall' not recognized autoreconf: automake failed with exit status: 1 Well, it seems that automake doesn't like the second line: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign]) Therefore I executed: $ autoreconf -v --install autoreconf: Entering directory `.' autoreconf: configure.ac: not using Gettext autoreconf: running: aclocal autoreconf: configure.ac: tracing autoreconf: configure.ac: not using Libtool autoreconf: running: /usr/bin/autoconf autoreconf: running: /usr/bin/autoheader autoreconf: running: automake --add-missing --copy --no-force configure.ac:2: option `-Wall' not recognized autoreconf: automake failed with exit status: 1 You can see easily that autoconf runs automake --add-missing --copy --no-force which I repeated with the verbose-option. And it only returns this: $ automake -v --add-missing --copy --no-force automake: thread 0: reading autoconf --trace=_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_ENABLE_MULTILIB:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_SILENT_RULES:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_INIT:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=_AM_COND_IF:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_CONFIG_FILES:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_CANONICAL_TARGET:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_FC_SRCEXT:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_CANONICAL_HOST:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_GNU_GETTEXT:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_LIBSOURCE:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_CANONICAL_BUILD:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_AUTOMAKE_VERSION:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=sinclude:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_PROG_CC_C_O:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_CONFIG_LINKS:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=m4_sinclude:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=LT_SUPPORTED_TAG:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_CONDITIONAL:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_CONFIG_HEADERS:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_MAINTAINER_MODE:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=m4_include:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=_AM_COND_ELSE:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=_AM_COND_ENDIF:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% --trace=AC_SUBST_TRACE:\$f:\$l::\$d::\$n::\${::}% configure.ac:2: option `-Wall' not recognized Anybody an idea why this doesn't work? My impression is that none of my files are wrong... I would like to use it for compiling C++ code for Linux and Windows (using mingw32-g++). Do you know any base where to start and what I have to pay attention for? I'm on Ubuntu 9.10 64bit. Any help is appreciated. Thanks in advance, regards

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  • SQL Server Trace Flags

    A comprehensive list of trace flags for SQL Server that you can use to configure your server instance. SQL Server monitoring made easy "Keeping an eye on our many SQL Server instances is much easier with SQL Response." Mike Lile.Download a free trial of SQL Response now.

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  • Flags with deferred use

    - by Trenton Maki
    Let's say I have a system. In this system I have a number of operations I can do but all of these operations have to happen as a batch at a certain time, while calls to activate and deactivate these operations can come in at any time. To implement this, I could use flags like doOperation1 and doOperation2 but this seems like it would become difficult to maintain. Is there a design pattern, or something similar, that addresses this situation?

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  • configure flags

    - by rantsh
    What is the ubuntu way of downloading the source for a package and then building it while passing specific flags to the configure portion of the process.... I hope I'm explaining what I mean properly. Installing from source follows almost always the following procedure ./configure --FLAG-1 --FLAG-2 make && make install How can I get control over specifying flags1 and 2 in the configure process? Thanks, and I hope I did not make the question more complicated than it really is

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  • Method flags as arguments or as member variables?

    - by Martin
    I think the title "Method flags as arguments or as member variables?" may be suboptimal, but as I'm missing any better terminology atm., here goes: I'm currently trying to get my head around the problem of whether flags for a given class (private) method should be passed as function arguments or via member variable and/or whether there is some pattern or name that covers this aspect and/or whether this hints at some other design problems. By example (language could be C++, Java, C#, doesn't really matter IMHO): class Thingamajig { private ResultType DoInternalStuff(FlagType calcSelect) { ResultType res; for (... some loop condition ...) { ... if (calcSelect == typeA) { ... } else if (calcSelect == typeX) { ... } else if ... } ... return res; } private void InteralStuffInvoker(FlagType calcSelect) { ... DoInternalStuff(calcSelect); ... } public void DoThisStuff() { ... some code ... InternalStuffInvoker(typeA); ... some more code ... } public ResultType DoThatStuff() { ... some code ... ResultType x = DoInternalStuff(typeX); ... some more code ... further process x ... return x; } } What we see above is that the method InternalStuffInvoker takes an argument that is not used inside this function at all but is only forwarded to the other private method DoInternalStuff. (Where DoInternalStuffwill be used privately at other places in this class, e.g. in the DoThatStuff (public) method.) An alternative solution would be to add a member variable that carries this information: class Thingamajig { private ResultType DoInternalStuff() { ResultType res; for (... some loop condition ...) { ... if (m_calcSelect == typeA) { ... } ... } ... return res; } private void InteralStuffInvoker() { ... DoInternalStuff(); ... } public void DoThisStuff() { ... some code ... m_calcSelect = typeA; InternalStuffInvoker(); ... some more code ... } public ResultType DoThatStuff() { ... some code ... m_calcSelect = typeX; ResultType x = DoInternalStuff(); ... some more code ... further process x ... return x; } } Especially for deep call chains where the selector-flag for the inner method is selected outside, using a member variable can make the intermediate functions cleaner, as they don't need to carry a pass-through parameter. On the other hand, this member variable isn't really representing any object state (as it's neither set nor available outside), but is really a hidden additional argument for the "inner" private method. What are the pros and cons of each approach?

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  • How to Enable IPtables TRACE Target on Debian Squeeze (6)

    - by bernie
    I am trying to use the TRACE target of IPtables but I can't seem to get any trace information logged. I want to use what is described here: Debugger for Iptables. From the iptables man for TRACE: This target marks packes so that the kernel will log every rule which match the packets as those traverse the tables, chains, rules. (The ipt_LOG or ip6t_LOG module is required for the logging.) The packets are logged with the string prefix: "TRACE: tablename:chain- name:type:rulenum " where type can be "rule" for plain rule, "return" for implicit rule at the end of a user defined chain and "policy" for the policy of the built in chains. It can only be used in the raw table. I use the following rule: iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j TRACE but nothing is appended either in /var/log/syslog or /var/log/kern.log! Is there another step missing? Am I looking in the wrong place? edit Even though I can't find log entries, the TRACE target seems to be set up correctly since the packet counters get incremented: # iptables -L -v -t raw Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 193 packets, 63701 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 193 63701 TRACE tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 178 packets, 65277 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination edit 2 The rule iptables -A PREROUTING -t raw -p tcp -j LOG does print packet information to /var/log/syslog... Why doesn't TRACE work?

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  • TraceTool 12.1: The Swiss-Army Knife of Trace

    A C#, C++, Delphi, ActiveX, JavaScript, and Java trace framework, a trace viewer (with Tail, OutputDebugString, and event log). The framework comes with support for Log4J, Log4Net, Microsoft Enterprise Instrumentation Framework (EIF), Pocket PC (C++ and .NET), and Silverlight.

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  • Configuring trace file size and number in WebCenter Content 11g

    - by Kyle Hatlestad
    Lately I've been doing a lot of debugging using the System Output tracing in WebCenter Content 11g.  This is built-in tracing in the content server which provides a great level of detail on what's happening under the hood.  You can access the settings as well as a view of the tracing by going to Administration -> System Audit Information.  From here, you can select the tracing sections to include.  Some of my personal favorites are searchquery,  systemdatabase, userstorage, and indexer.  Usually I'm trying to find out some information regarding a search, database query, or user information.  Besides debugging, it's also very helpful for performance tuning. One of the nice tricks with the tracing is it honors the wildcard (*) character.  So you can put in 'schema*' and gather all of the schema related tracing.  And you can notice if you select 'all' and update, it changes to just a *.   To view the tracing in real-time, you simply go to the 'View Server Output' page and the latest tracing information will be at the bottom. This works well if you're looking at something pretty discrete and the system isn't getting much activity.  But if you've got a lot of tracing going on, it would be better to go after the trace log file itself.  By default, the log files can be found in the <content server instance directory>/data/trace directory. You'll see it named 'idccs_<managed server name>_current.log.  You may also find previous trace logs that have rolled over.  In this case they will identified by a date/time stamp in the name.  By default, the server will rotate the logs after they reach 1MB in size.  And it will keep the most recent 10 logs before they roll off and get deleted.  If your server is in a cluster, then the trace file should be configured to be local to the node per the recommended configuration settings. If you're doing some extensive tracing and need to capture all of the information, there are a couple of configuration flags you can set to control the logs. #Change log size to 10MB and number of logs to 20FileSizeLimit=10485760FileCountLimit=20 This is set by going to Admin Server -> General Configuration and entering them in the Additional Configuration Variables: section.  Restart the server and it should take on the new logging settings. 

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  • lsattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device While reading flags

    - by rchhe
    For one of our Linux servers running CentOS 6.0, if I do lsattr /home, I get something like this (as root): $lsattr /home lsattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device While reading flags on /home/user lsattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device While reading flags on /home/user lsattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device While reading flags on /home/DIR Now, I try to change something with chattr $chattr -R -i /home chattr: Inappropriate ioctl for device while reading flags on /home Mount returns: $mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 on / type ext3 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/sda3 on /boot type ext3 (rw) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw) I have no clue how to fix this. Could somebody help?

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  • cl.exe Difference in object files when /E output is the same and flags are the same

    - by madiyaan damha
    Hello: I am using Visual Studio 2005's cl.exe compiler. I call it with a bunch of /I /D and some compilation/optimization flags (example: /Ehsc). I have two compilation scripts, and both differ only in the /I flags (include directories are different). All other flags are the same. These scripts produce different object files (and not just a timestamp difference as noted below). The strange thing is that the /E output of both scripts is the same. That means that the include files are not causing the difference in object files, but then again, where is the difference coming from? Can anyone elucidate on how I am seeing two different object files in my situation. If the include files are causing the difference, how come I see identical /E output? PS. The object files are different not only in the timestamp, but in the code sections also. In fact the behavior of my final executable is different in both cases. Edit: PSS: I even looked at the /includeFiles output of cl.exe and that output is identical. The object files, however, differ in more than just the timestamp (in fact, one is 1KB bigger than another!)

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  • OpenGL FrameBuffer Objects weird behavior

    - by Ben Jones
    My algorithm is this: Render the scene to a FBO with shadow mapping from multiple locations Render the scene to the screen with shadow mapping ...black magic that I still have to imlement... Combine the samples from step 1 with the image from step 2 I'm trying to debug steps 1 and 2 and am coming across STRANGE behavior. My algorithm for each shadow mapped pass is: render the scene to a FBO connected to a depth array texture from the POV of each light render the scene from the viewpoint and use vertex/frag shaders to compare the depths When I run my algorithm this way: render from point to FBO render from point to screen glutSwapBuffers() The normal vectors in the screen pass appear to be incorrect (inverted possibly). I'm pretty sure that's the issue because my diffuse lighting calculation is incorrect, but the material colors are correct, and the shadows appear in the correct places. So, it seems like the only thing that could be the culprit is the normals. However if I do render from point to FBO render from point to Screen glutSwapBuffers() //wrong here render from point to Screen glutSwapBuffers() the second pass is correct. I assume there's a problem with my framebuffer calls. Can anyone see what the problem is from the log below? Its from a bugle trace grepped for 'buffer' with a few edits to make it a little more clear. Thanks! [INFO] trace.call: glGenFramebuffersEXT(1, 0xdfeb90 - { 1 }) [INFO] trace.call: glGenFramebuffersEXT(1, 0xdfebac - { 2 }) [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 1) [INFO] trace.call: glDrawBuffer(GL_NONE) [INFO] trace.call: glReadBuffer(GL_NONE) [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0) //start render to FBO [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 2) [INFO] trace.call: glReadBuffer(GL_NONE) [INFO] trace.call: glFramebufferTexture2DEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 2, 0) [INFO] trace.call: glFramebufferTexture2DEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, 0) [INFO] trace.call: glDrawBuffer(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0) //bind to the FBO attached to a depth tex array for shadows [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 1) [INFO] trace.call: glFramebufferTextureLayerARB(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, 1, 0, 0) [INFO] trace.call: glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) //draw geometry //bind to the FBO I want the shadow mapped image rendered to [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 2) [INFO] trace.call: glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) //draw geometry //draw to screen pass //again shadow mapping FBO [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 1) [INFO] trace.call: glFramebufferTextureLayerARB(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, 1, 0, 0) [INFO] trace.call: glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) //draw geometry //bind to the screen [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0) [INFO] trace.call: glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) //finished, swap buffers [INFO] trace.call: glXSwapBuffers(0xd5fc10, 0x05800002) //INCORRECT OUTPUT //second try at render to screen: [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 1) [INFO] trace.call: glFramebufferTextureLayerARB(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, 1, 0, 0) [INFO] trace.call: glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) //draw geometry [INFO] trace.call: glBindFramebufferEXT(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0) [INFO] trace.call: glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) draw geometry [INFO] trace.call: glXSwapBuffers(0xd5fc10, 0x05800002) //correct output

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  • Millions of SYN_RECV connections, no DDoS

    - by ThomK
    We have such server structure: reverse proxy (nginx) - worker (uwsgi) - postgresql / memcached. All servers are in local network behind router, with NATed external ip:ports (http/s 80/443 to proxy, and ssh 22 to all servers). Problem is, that sometimes proxy server netstat reports MILLIONS of SYN_RECV connections. From same IP / same ports. Like that: nginx ~ # netstat -n | grep 83.238.153.195 tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV tcp 0 0 192.168.1.1:80 83.238.153.195:3107 SYN_RECV [...] And this is not DDoS, because all IPs affected belongs to our website users. On side note, users says that it's not affecting them. Website is online and working, but... that particular one (from example above) told me that website is down and Firefox can't connect. I've done tcpdump. 19:42:14.826011 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:14.826042 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:17.887331 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:17.887343 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:19.065497 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:23.918064 IP 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 1845850583, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:23.918076 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:25.265499 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:37.265501 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:37.758051 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:37.758069 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:40.714360 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:40.714374 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:41.665503 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:46.751073 IP 83.238.153.195.2107 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 564208067, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:42:46.751087 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:47.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:42:59.865499 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:01.265500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:13.320382 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:13.320399 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:16.320556 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:16.320569 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:17.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:22.250069 IP 83.238.153.195.2114 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2136055006, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:22.250080 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:23.665500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:23.865501 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2107: Flags [S.], seq 3188568660, ack 564208068, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:35.665498 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2114: Flags [S.], seq 3754336171, ack 2136055007, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:37.903038 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:37.903054 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:40.772899 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:40.772912 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:41.865500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:46.793057 IP 83.238.153.195.2213 > 192.168.1.1.http: Flags [S], seq 2918118729, win 65535, options [mss 1412,nop,wscale 0,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 19:43:46.793069 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:47.865500 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.2213: Flags [S.], seq 4145523337, ack 2918118730, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 19:43:49.465503 IP 192.168.1.1.http > 83.238.153.195.zephyr-srv: Flags [S.], seq 2835837547, ack 1845850584, win 5840, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 Anyone have some thoughts on that?

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: Fun With Enum Methods

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again lets dive into the Little Wonders of .NET, those small things in the .NET languages and BCL classes that make development easier by increasing readability, maintainability, and/or performance. So probably every one of us has used an enumerated type at one time or another in a C# program.  The enumerated types we create are a great way to represent that a value can be one of a set of discrete values (or a combination of those values in the case of bit flags). But the power of enum types go far beyond simple assignment and comparison, there are many methods in the Enum class (that all enum types “inherit” from) that can give you even more power when dealing with them. IsDefined() – check if a given value exists in the enum Are you reading a value for an enum from a data source, but are unsure if it is actually a valid value or not?  Casting won’t tell you this, and Parse() isn’t guaranteed to balk either if you give it an int or a combination of flags.  So what can we do? Let’s assume we have a small enum like this for result codes we want to return back from our business logic layer: 1: public enum ResultCode 2: { 3: Success, 4: Warning, 5: Error 6: } In this enum, Success will be zero (unless given another value explicitly), Warning will be one, and Error will be two. So what happens if we have code like this where perhaps we’re getting the result code from another data source (could be database, could be web service, etc)? 1: public ResultCode PerformAction() 2: { 3: // set up and call some method that returns an int. 4: int result = ResultCodeFromDataSource(); 5:  6: // this will suceed even if result is < 0 or > 2. 7: return (ResultCode) result; 8: } So what happens if result is –1 or 4?  Well, the cast does not fail, so what we end up with would be an instance of a ResultCode that would have a value that’s outside of the bounds of the enum constants we defined. This means if you had a block of code like: 1: switch (result) 2: { 3: case ResultType.Success: 4: // do success stuff 5: break; 6:  7: case ResultType.Warning: 8: // do warning stuff 9: break; 10:  11: case ResultType.Error: 12: // do error stuff 13: break; 14: } That you would hit none of these blocks (which is a good argument for always having a default in a switch by the way). So what can you do?  Well, there is a handy static method called IsDefined() on the Enum class which will tell you if an enum value is defined.  1: public ResultCode PerformAction() 2: { 3: int result = ResultCodeFromDataSource(); 4:  5: if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(ResultCode), result)) 6: { 7: throw new InvalidOperationException("Enum out of range."); 8: } 9:  10: return (ResultCode) result; 11: } In fact, this is often recommended after you Parse() or cast a value to an enum as there are ways for values to get past these methods that may not be defined. If you don’t like the syntax of passing in the type of the enum, you could clean it up a bit by creating an extension method instead that would allow you to call IsDefined() off any isntance of the enum: 1: public static class EnumExtensions 2: { 3: // helper method that tells you if an enum value is defined for it's enumeration 4: public static bool IsDefined(this Enum value) 5: { 6: return Enum.IsDefined(value.GetType(), value); 7: } 8: }   HasFlag() – an easier way to see if a bit (or bits) are set Most of us who came from the land of C programming have had to deal extensively with bit flags many times in our lives.  As such, using bit flags may be almost second nature (for a quick refresher on bit flags in enum types see one of my old posts here). However, in higher-level languages like C#, the need to manipulate individual bit flags is somewhat diminished, and the code to check for bit flag enum values may be obvious to an advanced developer but cryptic to a novice developer. For example, let’s say you have an enum for a messaging platform that contains bit flags: 1: // usually, we pluralize flags enum type names 2: [Flags] 3: public enum MessagingOptions 4: { 5: None = 0, 6: Buffered = 0x01, 7: Persistent = 0x02, 8: Durable = 0x04, 9: Broadcast = 0x08 10: } We can combine these bit flags using the bitwise OR operator (the ‘|’ pipe character): 1: // combine bit flags using 2: var myMessenger = new Messenger(MessagingOptions.Buffered | MessagingOptions.Broadcast); Now, if we wanted to check the flags, we’d have to test then using the bit-wise AND operator (the ‘&’ character): 1: if ((options & MessagingOptions.Buffered) == MessagingOptions.Buffered) 2: { 3: // do code to set up buffering... 4: // ... 5: } While the ‘|’ for combining flags is easy enough to read for advanced developers, the ‘&’ test tends to be easy for novice developers to get wrong.  First of all you have to AND the flag combination with the value, and then typically you should test against the flag combination itself (and not just for a non-zero)!  This is because the flag combination you are testing with may combine multiple bits, in which case if only one bit is set, the result will be non-zero but not necessarily all desired bits! Thanks goodness in .NET 4.0 they gave us the HasFlag() method.  This method can be called from an enum instance to test to see if a flag is set, and best of all you can avoid writing the bit wise logic yourself.  Not to mention it will be more readable to a novice developer as well: 1: if (options.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Buffered)) 2: { 3: // do code to set up buffering... 4: // ... 5: } It is much more concise and unambiguous, thus increasing your maintainability and readability. It would be nice to have a corresponding SetFlag() method, but unfortunately generic types don’t allow you to specialize on Enum, which makes it a bit more difficult.  It can be done but you have to do some conversions to numeric and then back to the enum which makes it less of a payoff than having the HasFlag() method.  But if you want to create it for symmetry, it would look something like this: 1: public static T SetFlag<T>(this Enum value, T flags) 2: { 3: if (!value.GetType().IsEquivalentTo(typeof(T))) 4: { 5: throw new ArgumentException("Enum value and flags types don't match."); 6: } 7:  8: // yes this is ugly, but unfortunately we need to use an intermediate boxing cast 9: return (T)Enum.ToObject(typeof (T), Convert.ToUInt64(value) | Convert.ToUInt64(flags)); 10: } Note that since the enum types are value types, we need to assign the result to something (much like string.Trim()).  Also, you could chain several SetFlag() operations together or create one that takes a variable arg list if desired. Parse() and ToString() – transitioning from string to enum and back Sometimes, you may want to be able to parse an enum from a string or convert it to a string - Enum has methods built in to let you do this.  Now, many may already know this, but may not appreciate how much power are in these two methods. For example, if you want to parse a string as an enum, it’s easy and works just like you’d expect from the numeric types: 1: string optionsString = "Persistent"; 2:  3: // can use Enum.Parse, which throws if finds something it doesn't like... 4: var result = (MessagingOptions)Enum.Parse(typeof (MessagingOptions), optionsString); 5:  6: if (result == MessagingOptions.Persistent) 7: { 8: Console.WriteLine("It worked!"); 9: } Note that Enum.Parse() will throw if it finds a value it doesn’t like.  But the values it likes are fairly flexible!  You can pass in a single value, or a comma separated list of values for flags and it will parse them all and set all bits: 1: // for string values, can have one, or comma separated. 2: string optionsString = "Persistent, Buffered"; 3:  4: var result = (MessagingOptions)Enum.Parse(typeof (MessagingOptions), optionsString); 5:  6: if (result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Persistent) && result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Buffered)) 7: { 8: Console.WriteLine("It worked!"); 9: } Or you can parse in a string containing a number that represents a single value or combination of values to set: 1: // 3 is the combination of Buffered (0x01) and Persistent (0x02) 2: var optionsString = "3"; 3:  4: var result = (MessagingOptions) Enum.Parse(typeof (MessagingOptions), optionsString); 5:  6: if (result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Persistent) && result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Buffered)) 7: { 8: Console.WriteLine("It worked again!"); 9: } And, if you really aren’t sure if the parse will work, and don’t want to handle an exception, you can use TryParse() instead: 1: string optionsString = "Persistent, Buffered"; 2: MessagingOptions result; 3:  4: // try parse returns true if successful, and takes an out parm for the result 5: if (Enum.TryParse(optionsString, out result)) 6: { 7: if (result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Persistent) && result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Buffered)) 8: { 9: Console.WriteLine("It worked!"); 10: } 11: } So we covered parsing a string to an enum, what about reversing that and converting an enum to a string?  The ToString() method is the obvious and most basic choice for most of us, but did you know you can pass a format string for enum types that dictate how they are written as a string?: 1: MessagingOptions value = MessagingOptions.Buffered | MessagingOptions.Persistent; 2:  3: // general format, which is the default, 4: Console.WriteLine("Default : " + value); 5: Console.WriteLine("G (default): " + value.ToString("G")); 6:  7: // Flags format, even if type does not have Flags attribute. 8: Console.WriteLine("F (flags) : " + value.ToString("F")); 9:  10: // integer format, value as number. 11: Console.WriteLine("D (num) : " + value.ToString("D")); 12:  13: // hex format, value as hex 14: Console.WriteLine("X (hex) : " + value.ToString("X")); Which displays: 1: Default : Buffered, Persistent 2: G (default): Buffered, Persistent 3: F (flags) : Buffered, Persistent 4: D (num) : 3 5: X (hex) : 00000003 Now, you may not really see a difference here between G and F because I used a [Flags] enum, the difference is that the “F” option treats the enum as if it were flags even if the [Flags] attribute is not present.  Let’s take a non-flags enum like the ResultCode used earlier: 1: // yes, we can do this even if it is not [Flags] enum. 2: ResultCode value = ResultCode.Warning | ResultCode.Error; And if we run that through the same formats again we get: 1: Default : 3 2: G (default): 3 3: F (flags) : Warning, Error 4: D (num) : 3 5: X (hex) : 00000003 Notice that since we had multiple values combined, but it was not a [Flags] marked enum, the G and default format gave us a number instead of a value name.  This is because the value was not a valid single-value constant of the enum.  However, using the F flags format string, it broke out the value into its component flags even though it wasn’t marked [Flags]. So, if you want to get an enum to display appropriately for whether or not it has the [Flags] attribute, use G which is the default.  If you always want it to attempt to break down the flags, use F.  For numeric output, obviously D or  X are the best choice depending on whether you want decimal or hex. Summary Hopefully, you learned a couple of new tricks with using the Enum class today!  I’ll add more little wonders as I think of them and thanks for all the invaluable input!   Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Little Wonders,Enum,BlackRabbitCoder

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