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  • Casting DataTypes with DirectCast, CType, TryCast

    - by Alex Essilfie
    Ever since I moved from VB6 to VB.NET somewhere in 2005, I've been using CType to do casting from one data type to another. I do this because it is simply faster, used to exist in VB6 and I do not know why I have to be using DirectCast if there is apparently no difference between them. I use TryCast once in a while because I understand that sometimes casting can fail. I however cannot get the difference between CType and DirectCast. Can anyone tell me the difference in plain simple English what the difference the two (CType and DirectCast)? Adding examples of where to use what as well would be helpful. Thanks.

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  • Beginner Java Question about Integer.parseInt() and casting

    - by happysoul
    so when casting like in the statement below :- int randomNumber=(int) (Math.random()*5) it causes the random no. generated to get converted into an int.. Also there's this method I just came across Integer.parseInt() which does the same ! i.e return an integer Why two different ways to make a value an int ? Also I made a search and it says parseInt() takes string as an argument.. So does this mean that parseInt() is ONLY to convert String into integer ? What about this casting then (int) ?? Can we use this to convert a string to an int too ? sorry if it sounds like a dumb question..I am just confused and trying to understand Help ?

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  • Casting to derived type problem in C++

    - by GONeale
    Hey there everyone, I am quite new to C++, but have worked with C# for years, however it is not helping me here! :) My problem: I have an Actor class which Ball and Peg both derive from on an objective-c iphone game I am working on. As I am testing for collision, I wish to set an instance of Ball and Peg appropriately depending on the actual runtime type of actorA or actorB. My code that tests this as follows: // Actors that collided Actor *actorA = (Actor*) bodyA->GetUserData(); Actor *actorB = (Actor*) bodyB->GetUserData(); Ball* ball; Peg* peg; if (static_cast<Ball*> (actorA)) { // true ball = static_cast<Ball*> (actorA); } else if (static_cast<Ball*> (actorB)) { ball = static_cast<Ball*> (actorB); } if (static_cast<Peg*> (actorA)) { // also true?! peg = static_cast<Peg*> (actorA); } else if (static_cast<Peg*> (actorB)) { peg = static_cast<Peg*> (actorB); } if (peg != NULL) { [peg hitByBall]; } Once ball and peg are set, I then proceed to run the hitByBall method (objective c). Where my problem really lies is in the casting procedurel Ball casts fine from actorA; the first if (static_cast<>) statement steps in and sets the ball pointer appropriately. The second step is to assign the appropriate type to peg. I know peg should be a Peg type and I previously know it will be actorB, however at runtime, detecting the types, I was surprised to find actually the third if (static_cast<>) statement stepped in and set this, this if statement was to check if actorA was a Peg, which we already know actorA is a Ball! Why would it have stepped here and not in the fourth if statement? The only thing I can assume is how casting works differently from c# and that is it finds that actorA which is actually of type Ball derives from Actor and then it found when static_cast<Peg*> (actorA) is performed it found Peg derives from Actor too, so this is a valid test? This could all come down to how I have misunderstood the use of static_cast. How can I achieve what I need? :) I'm really uneasy about what feels to me like a long winded brute-casting attempt here with a ton of ridiculous if statements. I'm sure there is a more elegant way to achieve a simple cast to Peg and cast to Ball dependent on actual type held in actorA and actorB. Hope someone out there can help! :) Thanks a lot.

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  • Webservice Return Generic Result Type or Purposed Result Type

    - by hanzolo
    I'm building a webservice which returns JSON / XML / SOAP at the moment.. and I'm not entirely sure which approach for returning results is best. Which would be a better return value? A generic "transfer" type structure, which carries Generic properties or a purposed type with distinct properties: class GenericTransferObject{ public string returnVal; public string returnType; } VS class PurposedTransferObject_1{ public string Property1; } //and then building additional "types" for additional values class PurposedTransferObject_2 { public string PropertyA; public string PropertyB; } Now, this would be the serialized and returned from a web service call via some client technology, JQuery in this example. SO if I called: /GetDaysInWeek/ I would either get back: {"returnType": "DaysInWeek", "returnVal": "365" } OR {"DaysInWeek": "365"} And then it would go from there. On the one hand there's flexibilty with the 1st example. I can add "returnTypes" without needing to adjust the client other than referencing an additional "index".. but if I had to add a property, now i'm changing a structure definition.. Is there an obvious choice in this situation?

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  • Apache serving wrong Content-Type for Rails files

    - by NudeCanalTroll
    Apache keeps serving up my Rails files with a Content-Type of 'text/plain' in the header. I have mod_mime installed, a mime.types files with all the correct MIME assignments, and the following code in my configuration. Any thoughts? DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig /etc/apache2/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz </IfModule>

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  • Is conditional return type ever a good idea?

    - by qegal
    So I have a method that's something like this: -(BOOL)isSingleValueRecord And another method like this: -(Type)typeOfSingleValueRecord And it occurred to me that I could combine them into something like this: -(id)isSingleValueRecord And have the implementation be something like this: -(id)isSingleValueRecord { //If it is single value if(self.recordValue = 0) { //Do some stuff to determine type, then return it return typeOfSingleValueRecord; } //If its not single value else { //Return "NO" return [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO]; } } So combining the two methods makes it more efficient but makes the readability go down. In my gut, I feel like I should go with the two-method version, but is that really right? Is there any case that I should go with the combined version?

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  • Dynamically creating a Generic Type at Runtime

    - by Rick Strahl
    I learned something new today. Not uncommon, but it's a core .NET runtime feature I simply did not know although I know I've run into this issue a few times and worked around it in other ways. Today there was no working around it and a few folks on Twitter pointed me in the right direction. The question I ran into is: How do I create a type instance of a generic type when I have dynamically acquired the type at runtime? Yup it's not something that you do everyday, but when you're writing code that parses objects dynamically at runtime it comes up from time to time. In my case it's in the bowels of a custom JSON parser. After some thought triggered by a comment today I realized it would be fairly easy to implement two-way Dictionary parsing for most concrete dictionary types. I could use a custom Dictionary serialization format that serializes as an array of key/value objects. Basically I can use a custom type (that matches the JSON signature) to hold my parsed dictionary data and then add it to the actual dictionary when parsing is complete. Generic Types at Runtime One issue that came up in the process was how to figure out what type the Dictionary<K,V> generic parameters take. Reflection actually makes it fairly easy to figure out generic types at runtime with code like this: if (arrayType.GetInterface("IDictionary") != null) { if (arrayType.IsGenericType) { var keyType = arrayType.GetGenericArguments()[0]; var valueType = arrayType.GetGenericArguments()[1]; … } } The GetArrayType method gets passed a type instance that is the array or array-like object that is rendered in JSON as an array (which includes IList, IDictionary, IDataReader and a few others). In my case the type passed would be something like Dictionary<string, CustomerEntity>. So I know what the parent container class type is. Based on the the container type using it's then possible to use GetGenericTypeArguments() to retrieve all the generic types in sequential order of definition (ie. string, CustomerEntity). That's the easy part. Creating a Generic Type and Providing Generic Parameters at RunTime The next problem is how do I get a concrete type instance for the generic type? I know what the type name and I have a type instance is but it's generic, so how do I get a type reference to keyvaluepair<K,V> that is specific to the keyType and valueType above? Here are a couple of things that come to mind but that don't work (and yes I tried that unsuccessfully first): Type elementType = typeof(keyvalue<keyType, valueType>); Type elementType = typeof(keyvalue<typeof(keyType), typeof(valueType)>); The problem is that this explicit syntax expects a type literal not some dynamic runtime value, so both of the above won't even compile. I turns out the way to create a generic type at runtime is using a fancy bit of syntax that until today I was completely unaware of: Type elementType = typeof(keyvalue<,>).MakeGenericType(keyType, valueType); The key is the type(keyvalue<,>) bit which looks weird at best. It works however and produces a non-generic type reference. You can see the difference between the full generic type and the non-typed (?) generic type in the debugger: The nonGenericType doesn't show any type specialization, while the elementType type shows the string, CustomerEntity (truncated above) in the type name. Once the full type reference exists (elementType) it's then easy to create an instance. In my case the parser parses through the JSON and when it completes parsing the value/object it creates a new keyvalue<T,V> instance. Now that I know the element type that's pretty trivial with: // Objects start out null until we find the opening tag resultObject = Activator.CreateInstance(elementType); Here the result object is picked up by the JSON array parser which creates an instance of the child object (keyvalue<K,V>) and then parses and assigns values from the JSON document using the types  key/value property signature. Internally the parser then takes each individually parsed item and adds it to a list of  List<keyvalue<K,V>> items. Parsing through a Generic type when you only have Runtime Type Information When parsing of the JSON array is done, the List needs to be turned into a defacto Dictionary<K,V>. This should be easy since I know that I'm dealing with an IDictionary, and I know the generic types for the key and value. The problem is again though that this needs to happen at runtime which would mean using several Convert.ChangeType() calls in the code to dynamically cast at runtime. Yuk. In the end I decided the easier and probably only slightly slower way to do this is a to use the dynamic type to collect the items and assign them to avoid all the dynamic casting madness: else if (IsIDictionary) { IDictionary dict = Activator.CreateInstance(arrayType) as IDictionary; foreach (dynamic item in items) { dict.Add(item.key, item.value); } return dict; } This code creates an instance of the generic dictionary type first, then loops through all of my custom keyvalue<K,V> items and assigns them to the actual dictionary. By using Dynamic here I can side step all the explicit type conversions that would be required in the three highlighted areas (not to mention that this nested method doesn't have access to the dictionary item generic types here). Static <- -> Dynamic Dynamic casting in a static language like C# is a bitch to say the least. This is one of the few times when I've cursed static typing and the arcane syntax that's required to coax types into the right format. It works but it's pretty nasty code. If it weren't for dynamic that last bit of code would have been a pretty ugly as well with a bunch of Convert.ChangeType() calls to litter the code. Fortunately this type of type convulsion is rather rare and reserved for system level code. It's not every day that you create a string to object parser after all :-)© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in .NET  CSharp   Tweet (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Casting SelectedItem of WPF Combobox to Color causes exception

    - by Nick Udell
    I have a combobox databound to the available system colors. When the user selects a color the following code is fired: private void cboFontColour_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e) { Color colour = (Color)(cboFontColour.SelectedItem); } This throws a Casting Exception with the following message: "Specified cast is not valid." When I hover over cboFontColour.SelectedItem in the debugger, it is always a Color object. I do not understand why the system seemingly cannot cast from Color to Color, any help would be much obliged.

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  • Casting functions -- Is it a code smell?

    - by Earlz
    I recently began to start using functions to make casting easier on my fingers for one instance I had something like this ((Dictionary<string,string>)value).Add(foo); and converted it to a tiny little helper function so I can do this ToDictionary(value).Add(foo); Is this a code smell? (also I've marked this language agnostic even though my example is C#)

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  • java casting confusion

    - by Stardust
    Could anyone please tell me why the following casting is resulting in compile time error: Long l = (Long)Math.pow(5,2); But why not the following: long l = (long)Math.pow(5,2);

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  • Casting and dynamic vs static type in Java

    - by XpdX
    I'm learning about static vs dynamic types, and I am to the point of understanding it for the most part, but this case still eludes me. If class B extends A, and I have: A x = new B(); Is the following allowed?: B y = x; Or is explicit casting required?: B y = (B)x; Thanks!

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  • Casting Between Data Types in C#

    - by Jimbo
    I have (for example) an object of type A that I want to be able to cast to type B (similar to how you can cast an int to a float) Data types A and B are my own. Is it possible to define the rules by which this casting occurs? Example int a = 1; float b = (float)a; int c = (int)b;

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  • c++ casting base class to derived class mess

    - by alan2here
    If I were to create a base class called base and derived classes called derived_1, derived_2 etc... I use a collection of instances of the base class, then when I retrieved an element and tried to use it I would find that C++ thinks it's type is that of the base class, probably because I retrieved it from a std::vector of base. Which is a problem when I want to use features that only exist for the specific derived class who's type I knew this object was when I put it into the vector. So I cast the element into the type it is supposed to be and found this wouldn't work. (derived_3)obj_to_be_fixed; And remembered that it's a pointer thing. After some tweaking this now worked. *((derived_3*)&obj_to_be_fixed); Is this right or is there for example an abc_cast() function that does it with less mess?

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  • PHP Casting as Object type in foreach Loop

    - by Coulton
    Within the following code, $quiz_object->personalities contains an array of Personality() objects. // Loop through each personality that exists for the quiz foreach($quiz_object->personalities AS $existing_personality) { // Show all of the existing personalities echo $existing_personality->GetQuizMakerPersonalityHTML(); } How do I "cast" (I think that's the right word) my variable $existing_personality within the foreach loop as the object type? I wish to do this so that when I type $existing_personality->, I get the list of public functions available for that object type. At the moment, Zend doesn't know that it refers to a Personality object within the loop.

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  • Generic property- specify the type at runtime

    - by Lirik
    I was reading a question on making a generic property, but I'm a little confused at by the last example from the first answer (I've included the relevant code below): You have to know the type at compile time. If you don't know the type at compile time then you must be storing it in an object, in which case you can add the following property to the Foo class: public object ConvertedValue { get { return Convert.ChangeType(Value, Type); } } That's seems strange: it's converting the value to the specified type, but it's returning it as an object when the value was stored as an object. Doesn't the returned object still require un-boxing? If it does, then why bother with the conversion of the type? I'm also trying to make a generic property whose type will be determined at run time: public class Foo { object Value {get;set;} Type ValType{get;set;} Foo(object value, Type type) { Value = value; ValType = type; } // I need a property that is actually // returned as the specified value type... public object ConvertedValue { get { return Convert.ChangeType(Value, ValType); } } } Is it possible to make a generic property? Does the return property still require unboxing after it's accessed?

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  • Types in Haskell

    - by Linda Cohen
    I'm kind of new in Haskell and I have difficulty understanding how inferred types and such works. map :: (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b] (.) :: (a -> b) -> (c -> a) -> c -> b What EXACTLY does that mean? foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> [a] -> b foldl :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> [b] -> a foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> [a] -> a What are the differences between these? And how would I define the inferred type of something like foldr map THANKS!

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  • Convert Dynamic to Type and convert Type to Dynamic

    - by Jon Canning
    public static class DynamicExtensions     {         public static T FromDynamic<T>(this IDictionary<string, object> dictionary)         {             var bindings = new List<MemberBinding>();             foreach (var sourceProperty in typeof(T).GetProperties().Where(x => x.CanWrite))             {                 var key = dictionary.Keys.SingleOrDefault(x => x.Equals(sourceProperty.Name, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)) continue;                 var propertyValue = dictionary[key];                 bindings.Add(Expression.Bind(sourceProperty, Expression.Constant(propertyValue)));             }             Expression memberInit = Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(T)), bindings);             return Expression.Lambda<Func<T>>(memberInit).Compile().Invoke();         }         public static dynamic ToDynamic<T>(this T obj)         {             IDictionary<string, object> expando = new ExpandoObject();             foreach (var propertyInfo in typeof(T).GetProperties())             {                 var propertyExpression = Expression.Property(Expression.Constant(obj), propertyInfo);                 var currentValue = Expression.Lambda<Func<string>>(propertyExpression).Compile().Invoke();                 expando.Add(propertyInfo.Name.ToLower(), currentValue);             }             return expando as ExpandoObject;         }     }

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  • Error in casting

    - by Nasser Hajloo
    I have a simpleAsp.net page which I make it Ajaxable. everything works fine but I face with a problem whenever a specific method calls. Actually the Browser tell me that Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManagerServerErrorException: Unable to cast object of type 'System.Web.UI.LiteralControl' to type 'System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebControl'. I do not know how to resolve it. Any help appriciates.

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  • C# Type Casting at Runtimefor Array.SetValue

    - by sprocketonline
    I'm trying to create an array using reflection, and insert values into it. I'm trying to do this for many different types so would like a createAndFillArray function capable of this : Type t1 = typeof(A); Type t2 = typeof(B); double exampleA = 22.5; int exampleB = 43; Array arrA = createAndFillArray(t1, exampleA); Array arrB = createAndFillArray(t2, exampleB); private Array createAndFillArray(Type t, object val){ Array arr = Array.CreateInstance( t, 1); //length 1 in this example only, real-world is of variable length. arr.SetValue( val, 0 ); //this causes the following error: "System.InvalidCastException : Object cannot be stored in an array of this type." return arr; } with the class A being as follows: public class A{ public A(){} private double val; public double Value{ get{ return val; } set{ this.val = value; } } public static implicit operator A(double d){ A a = new A(); a.Value = d; return a; } } and class B being very similar, but with int: public class B{ public B(){} private double val; public double Value{ get{ return val; } set{ this.val = value; } } public static implicit operator B(double d){ B b = new B(); b.Value = d; return b; } } I hoped that the implicit operator would have ensured that the double be converted to class A, or the int to class B, and the error avoided; but this is obviously not so. The above is used in a custom deserialization class, which takes data from a custom data format and fills in the corresponding .Net object properties. I'm doing this via reflection and at runtime, so I think both are unavoidable. I'm targeting the C# 2.0 framework. I've dozens, if not hundreds, of classes similar to A and B, so would prefer to find a solution which improved on the createAndFillArray method rather than a solution which altered these classes.

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  • Helper Casting Functions -- Is it a code smell?

    - by Earlz
    I recently began to start using functions to make casting easier on my fingers for one instance I had something like this ((Dictionary<string,string>)value).Add(foo); and converted it to a tiny little helper function so I can do this ToDictionary(value).Add(foo); Is this a code smell? Also, what about simpler examples? For example in my scripting engine I've considered making things like this ((StringVariable)arg).Value="foo"; be ToStringVar(arg).Value="foo"; I really just dislike how inorder to cast a value and instantly get a property from it you must enclose it in double parentheses. I have a feeling the last one is much worse than the first one though (also I've marked this language agnostic even though my example is C#)

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  • Explanation of casting/conversion int/double in C#

    - by cad
    I coded some calculation stuff (I copied below a really simplifed example of what I did) like CASE2 and got bad results. Refactored the code like CASE1 and worked fine. I know there is an implicit cast in CASE 2, but not sure of the full reason. Any one could explain me what´s exactly happening below? //CASE 1, result 5.5 double auxMedia = (5 + 6); auxMedia = auxMedia / 2; //CASE 2, result 5.0 double auxMedia1 = (5 + 6) / 2; //CASE 3, result 5.5 double auxMedia3 = (5.0 + 6.0) / 2.0; //CASE 4, result 5.5 double auxMedia4 = (5 + 6) / 2.0; My guess is that /2 in CASE2 is casting (5 + 6) to int and causing round of division to 5, then casted again to double and converted to 5.0. CASE3 and CASE 4 also fixes the problem.

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  • Casting in mixed type calculations in C?

    - by yCalleecharan
    Hi, If I define these variables: double x0, xn, h; int n; and I have this mathematical expression: h = (xn - x0)/n; Is it necessary that I cast n into double prior doing the division for maximum accuracy like in h = (xn - x0)/ (double) n; I wrote a program to check the above but both expressions give the same answers. I understand that C will promote the integer to double type as variables xn and x0 are of type double but strangely enough in a book, the second expression with casting was emphasized. Thanks a lot...

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