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• How does an NTP host switch among the various modes?

  - by James A. Rosen

  The NTPv3 RFC describes five operating modes: Symmetric Active (1): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of its peer. By operating in this mode the host announces its willingness to synchronize and be synchronized by the peer. Symmetric Passive (2): This type of association is ordinarily created upon arrival of a message from a peer operating in the symmetric active mode and persists only as long as the peer is reachable and operating at a stratum level less than or equal to the host; otherwise, the association is dissolved. However, the association will always persist until at least one message has been sent in reply. By operating in this mode the host announces its willingness to synchronize and be synchronized by the peer. Client (3): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of its peer. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN workstation, announces its willingness to be synchronized by, but not to synchronize the peer. Server (4): This type of association is ordinarily created upon arrival of a client request message and exists only in order to reply to that request, after which the association is dissolved. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN time server, announces its willingness to synchronize, but not to be synchronized by the peer. Broadcast (5): A host operating in this mode sends periodic messages regardless of the reachability state or stratum of the peers. By operating in this mode the host, usually a LAN time server operating on a high-speed broadcast medium, announces its willingness to synchronize all of the peers, but not to be synchronized by any of them. It seems to me, though, that any host except a leaf node would probably be in several modes. For example, I might have a local area network with three NTP servers, each in Symmetric Active (1) mode with respect to one another. They would also each be clients (3) of one of the many public stratum two time servers. Lastly, they would all server as servers (4) to the many local clients. Is the point that they're only in a given mode for a moment during the synchronization? If so, how does a host know to switch? I'm only looking for enough depth here to discuss the issue in an educated manner, not to write a custom time server.

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• Compaq Presario V2000 Vista/7 trial virtualization

  - by James Schweninger

  I am currently studying for an A-Plus certification to which was recently added troubleshooting Windows 7 to the exam. You also have to be very familiar with Vista as well. I only have XP on my Compaq Presario V2000, but I wanted to set it up ( I believe I have the minimum requirements for both ) so that I could run trial versions of Vista and 7 virtually.Windows 2000 is also on the exam. Is there an easy legal way to do this? I wouldn't mind partitioning my HDD for the four operating systems either. Thnx if you have any ideas, JLS

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• How to handle OpenVPN client as a service, when the laptop is physically on the network already?

  - by James

  The Setup I've gotten OpenVPN working on our Windows XP laptops. Users are limited, so I went ahead and set OpenVPN client to run as a service, which is great anyway because that means they are on the VPN before logging in, so login scripts work, plus we can do remote support even if the user can not log in (such as connecting via VNC or resetting passwords). It is also configured to send all traffic over the tunnel, so when, for example, they browse the internet it is just like browsing from our corporate network. The Qestion(s) So, I'm wondering how does the OpenVPN client act when the computer is already physically on the same network as the OpenVPN server? Right now, the client is configured to connect the the public dns name which will resolve to the public ip address which will NOT get reflected back to the OpenVPN server, so it is affectively blocked from connecting to the OpenVPN server while on the network. Is that a good thing? Or will it constantly try to connect, using up system resources and network resources? We will likely have hundreds of laptops regularly on the physical network with this, so it could contribute to a lot of unnecessary network chatter. Alternatively Would it be better to have the firewall reflect the port back to the OpenVPN server and let it connect? Or have our internal dns resolve the name to the private ip and allow them to connect directly? Would traffic then go over the vpn connection (which I do not want, when already on the physical network)? Or is it possible to tell it to ignore the connection when the client and server are already on the same network? TLDR What's a sane way of handling OpenVPN client running as an always-on service when the client and server will often be on the same network?

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• Server 2012 intermittently fails to respond to pings from single host, even with firewall disabled, but responds to non-ICMP requests fine

  - by James Westbury

  This one is kind of weird. I've got the following machines involved: DC01 - 10.1.2.42, Server 2012, domain controller & DNS server, physical machine nagiosv - 10.1.2.35, CentOS 6.4, Nagios, virtual machine CB01 - 10.1.3.81, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, couchbase server, virtual machine So, I noticed something was wrong while configuring this new Nagios VM. I started seeing DC01's state flapping. I logged into nagiosv when I saw this happening, and attempted to ping DC01, both by FQDN and its IP address. Neither worked. I tried pinging the machine from CB01, which is another VM on the same virtual switch/physical NIC as nagiosv, and that worked fine. Pings still failing from nagiosv at this time. DC01 is also an internal DNS server, so I ran dig google.com from nagiosv, and was able to run a query against DC01 just fine: ;; Query time: 1 msec ;; SERVER: 10.1.2.42#53(10.1.2.42) ;; WHEN: Fri Nov 1 07:53:51 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 204 Pings still failing from nagiosv, though. I can ping from DC01 to nagiosv, and that works, and I can still ping from other VMs on the same physical NIC into DC01, and that works. I should mention at this point that I've disabled the firewall on DC01 for testing purposes, and it doesn't make a damned bit of difference. (Even with the firewall enabled, I have a blanket exception for ICMP from the local subnet, so it shouldn't make a difference, but I figured I should test it anyway.) I loaded up Wireshark on DC01 and pinged it from nagiosv again. What I see is a bunch of echo requests coming in and not a single reply going back out. Filtered results here, showing all ICMP traffic during a 15-second period. A few more bits of info: There are no IP conflicts on the network. MAC addresses on the incoming pings match the MAC on the VM. There are no duplicate MACs on the network, as far as I can see. I have absolutely no idea why DC01 is failing to respond, here. Any ideas?

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• Mac OSX DHCP Stopped Working [on hold]

  - by Jesse James Richard

  Tethering a Raspberry PI to a MacBook (Mavericks) via ethernet is proving to be a real pain. This worked for about a day. My MacBook required a rare reboot and once it came back up the Pi won't get an address. I've confirmed it's not a problem with the Pi. It's a problem with the MacBook for sure. It's basically just stopped giving out IPs. I've read as much as I've found about how to fix this friggin' problem, but I've thus far come up blank. Internet sharing Wi-fi Ethernet enabled, and/or Edited /etc/bootpd.plist as described here (http://www.jacquesf.com/2011/04/mac-os-x-dhcp-server/ - this worked initially and now no longer does) Pi connected directly to the router has no problems. My MacBook DHCP server will no longer give out addresses. Any help would be much appreciated.

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• Windows 7 - Add an item to 'new' context menu

  - by James

  When I right click anywhere I get an option to add a new file file a specified extension. I would like to add some custom files into this menu, so I can right click and create a new PHP file for instance. How can I do this?

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• Windows Services don't automatically start after reboot?

  - by James Crowley

  We've got some Windows services written in .NET. They start fine manually within the services mmc, but despite being set to Automatic, they never start when powering on (or rebooting) the machine. Update In the event log, instead of seeing "xyz started", alongside all the other services starting, I just see "The xyz service entered the stopped state." and a seperate error that says "A timeout (30000 milliseconds) was reached while waiting for a transaction response from the slsvc service.". If I manually start them, then I get a normal in the event log as expected, and all is fine - until the next Windows Update patch which forces a reboot and all the services are off again. Any ideas? I've tried setting them to Delayed Start with no apparent difference.

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• How do I update Safari on Windows?

  - by James A. Rosen

  I'd like to update Safari to 4.0.5 for security reasons, but I can't figure out how to run the Apple updater manually. On Mac there's usually a "Check for Updates" menu item, but I don't see one on the Windows version. I tried downloading the latest version from http://www.apple.com/safari/download/, but Windows won't let me open the file, saying it is a security risk.

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• Choosing parts for a high-spec custom PC - feedback required [closed]

  - by James

  I'm looking to build a high-spec PC costing under ~£800 (bearing in mind I can get the CPU half price). This is my first time doing this so I have plenty of questions! I have been doing lots of research and this is what I have come up with: http://pcpartpicker.com/uk/p/j4lE Usage: I will be using it for Adobe CS6, rendering in 3DS Max, particle simulations in Realflow and for playing games like GTA IV (and V when it comes out), Crysis 1/2, Saints Row The Third, Deus Ex HR, etc. Questions: Can you see any obvious problem areas with the current setup? Will it be sufficient for the above usage? I won't be doing any overclocking initially. Is it worth buying the H60 liquid cooler, or will the fan that comes with the CPU be sufficient? Is water cooling generally quieter? Is the chosen motherboard good for the current components? And is it future-proof? I read that the HDD is often the bottleneck when it comes to gaming. I presume this is true to other high-end applications? If so, is my selection good? I keep changing my mind about the GPU; first the 560, now the 660. Can anyone shed some light on how to choose? I read mixed opinions about matching the GPU to the CPU. Will the 560 or the 660 be sufficient for my required usage? Atm I'm basing my choice on the PassMark benchmarks and how much they cost. The specs on the GeForce website state that the 560 and the 660 both require 450W. Is this a good figure to base the wattage of my PSU on? If so, how do you decide? Do I really need 750W? The latest GTX 690 requires 650W. Is it a good idea to buy a 750W PSU now to future-proof myself?

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• Linux : How to convert media files to DVD format and burn?

  - by James.Elsey

  I have a load of media files on my PC, mostly AVI/MKV and some mpegs. On windows, I would use ConvertXToDVD to convert these to DVD format, and to burn to disc. That application also lets you save a bit of space on the DVD to put the original file in its AVI format on as well. How can I do this on linux? What are the alternatives to this Windows application? I could try to run ConvertXtoDVD under wine but I would prefer to find a native linux solution Thanks in advance!

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• HP p410i array controller - what happens if i add memory?

  - by James

  I have a p410i array controller that only has 256ram. We want to create a raid 5 so we have procured a 512 write back cache module. If we install the write back cache, will this erase the existing raid information. The server currently has 2 disks in raid 1. 6 are spare waiting for an upgrade to create a raid 5. the concern is if we replace/upgrade the memory for the controller, we will wipe the existing production raid 1 array. Thanks in advance.

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• Can't change read only folder in windows 7

  - by James Drinkard

  I'm trying to run a Spring MVC 2.5 tutorial and when I run the ant script for a deploy, I get this error: deploy: [copy] Copying 2 files to C:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\webapps\c:\projects\workspace\springapp BUILD FAILED C:\projects\workspace\springapp\build.xml:46: Failed to copy C:\projects\workspace\springapp\war\WEB-INF\web.xml to C:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\webapps\c:\projects\workspace\springapp\WEB-INF\web.xml due to failed to create the parent directory for C:\apache-tomcat-7.0.8\webapps\c:\projects\workspace\springapp\WEB-INF\web.xml After reviewing the directory: springapp I saw the properties as read-only. No problem I thought as I'm logging in as administrator. However, changing the uac settings, going to a command prompt as admin and then trying to change the properties of the folder with attrib, making me the owner of the folder, changing the security settings etc... did nothing. I can't seem to change this folder to anything. So my question is, how do I change the settings on that folder so ANT can make changes to that folder?

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• Should all my files be stored on my shared partition?

  - by James

  I am setting up a tripple boot HD and was going to use a 4th partition to share files between OS's. I was wondering if there is any point in having much space on each OS partition to store files or if I just make the shared partition big and put everything on that? Is there any difference in speed between accessing files on the shared partition vs the native files? Are there any other benefits/disadvantages of having files on either the native/shared partition? EDIT: OS's in question are Windows 7, Ubuntu 12.04, and OS X 10.7.4.

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• How do I setup PHP locally on Windows 7 with Tomcat 7 already installed?

  - by James Drinkard

  I have Windows 7 64 bit running on my laptop with Tomcat 7 installed to run my java programs using Eclipse. Now I need to be working with PHP and as I went to install it, I read you need to install Apache Web Server first, before installing PHP. Then I read where you can run PHP under Tomcat or run PHP on Apache Web Server while still using Tomcat, if you reset the default port on one of them as Tomcat and Apache Web Server would use the same ports by default. What is the best way to do this? I don't want to was lots of time getting stuck on configuration issues.

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• SuexecUserGroup not working in Apache 2.4

  - by James W.

  I have upgraded my PHP from version 5.3 to 5.4 via yum which requires upgrading Apache from version 2.2 to 2.4. After doing configuration, it turns out that the userid and groupid is still using the global user/group which is "apache". <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example.com ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot "/path/to/webroot" .... .... <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> SuexecUserGroup user-name group-name <Directory "/path/to/webroot"> Options +ExecCGI AllowOverride All AddHandler fcgid-script .php FcgidWrapper /path/to/webroot/php-fcgi-scripts/php-fcgi-starter .php Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </IfModule> ........ </VirtualHost> /etc/httpd/modules/base.conf: LoadModule suexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so I would appreciate if anyone could advise what was I missed. Thanks.

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• Terminal window opens when Xubunutu starts...?

  - by james

  Whenever I start up my laptop with Xubuntu on it, a Terminal window opens and just sits in the taskbar - as though I opened it myself. Anyone know if there's some sort of list of applications which open at boot time. Maybe Terminal got on that list somehow?

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• Default documentroot apache does not work

  - by James Wise

  I have apache version 2.2 and php 5.3.15 on a single server. I configured virtual hosting and a default vhost. 0_default_.conf - goes to /var/www/default sub.domain.com.conf - goes to /var/www/sub.domain.com My question is, how could I set the default documentroot to sub.domain.com permanently? That means all request should be redirected to sub.domain.com. I try to remove 0_default_.conf but when viewing the page it display the php source code of sub.domain.com. Here is my configurations -- http://pastebin.com/4e3awUJ4 Although I can create index.php to /var/www/default and permanently redirect to sub.domain.com site but it's not viable solution for me because what if I didn't point the ip address of sub.domain.com to the server so user cannot view that subdomain. I would appreciate if anyone could share their knowledge and wisdom. Thanks. JamesW

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• Using Windows as a gateway to the internet

  - by James Wright

  My customer currently blocks outbound RDP and SSH, which means that none of their employees can get access to external Windows and Linux boxes (at the console level). However, a need has recently arisen to give access to an assortment of RDP and SSH endpoints scattered throughout the internet. The endpoint IP addresses are a moving target, and an access list exists to define what those IP addresses are. So now my customer wants to have a single Windows Server that they control as the sole outbound point for RDP/SSH to the internet. Consider it a jump box to the internet. If one of our admins have an access to this Windows box then they can log on, and from there bounce around to RDP/SSH endpoints on the internet. Is a standard Windows 2008 box going to work as a jump box? For example, I seem to recall that Win2k8 limits the number of users that can log on simultaneously, which means that the jump box may not be accessible if lots of users are on it. Advice as to how to make this work..?

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• Windows won't boot after moving house. How do I solve this?

  - by James

  Ive just moved house and tried to set up my desktop after packing it away and now when I power it on, the BIOS boots up and no errors are found but when my computer tires to boot into Windows 7 a continuous fast beeping sound is made and a black screen is displayed. What I've done so far: Reset to UEFI defauts Played about with RAM, I had 4*4 GB sticks, I took all of them out to test for a mobo error which I have and now im only using 1 stick of 4 GB. Changed my GPU, I tok my gtx580 out and now im using the onboard Intel 3000 graphics driver, the BIOS and uefi are correctly displaying so I no longer think its a GPU based error. Ive check all of the connections and nothing seems to be loose. My HDD setup is: 2 128 GB SSD's in Raid 0 as my main C drive (possibly cause of error?) 1 1 TB Games drive 1 2 TB Data Drive Ive also got a blueray drive connected. After searching the internet im pretty much out of suggestions but im currently downloading a live CD to see if it will boot and if I can access some files on my HDD.

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• files appearing empty or only partially transferred on FTP server.

  - by james

  firstly, apologies if this question has been asked and answered before, but I have had a look through related queries and found nothing identical to this. I have had a website for a few years, and have never had any problem uploading any files. But today, when i went to transfer a new html file onto the server...i did so, the file arrived. so i browsed to the file in my browser to check the page as i always do, and the browser wouldn't acknowledge it. after repeated attempts to transfer it, it finally seemed to go over, but only 1/4 of the file size..4KB out of 16KB...so only the top of the page would be viewable in my browser...ive tried transferring on a number of ftp clients and no love... my expertise on this is limited and i cant really think of the next step, the server isnt full, so...im just stumped. any ideas? any and all feedback is great appreciated.

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• Windows Server 2003 (w/Exchange) move to new machine

  - by James Booker

  I have an ageing domain controller (the only one on a 10-pc network) which needs rebooting often. I have a Dell Poweredge 2850 server doing nothing, so I'd like to move the DC to that, but here's the catch - I don't have Win2k Server Std install media any more as it's been lost. I purchased "Easus Todo Backup Advanced Server" which claims to be able to recover to dissimilar metal, but it's not quite working (although I don't think it's the product's fault) I know the server and PERC RAID card are good because I installed Ubuntu on the logical drive (4 x 72GB disks RAID 5) no problems. I've booted frmo the Easus Todo backup CD (which is WinPE based) and recovered to the logical disk on the RAID (after installing driver inside the WinPE environment from a NAS drive) The problem is when I boot the server, I can get the OS selection menu, but any option results in a blank screen, with no errors. I figure this is probably because the driver wasn't installed on the old machine (which is IDE-based (i know, i know!) and doesn;t have a RAID controller) I've booted from the CD and copied the mraid35x.sys file to the c:\windows\system32\drivers folder on the recovered system, but it makes no difference. I made a boot.ini with rdisks 0-10 defined, and booting from each of these resulted in a file error (i.e. 'this isn't a real disk') - the only disk that gets any response (the blank screen) is multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) which just gives me the blank black screen and no disk activity. Is there any way I can force the drvier to be installed on the source system (so i can do a full backup again), i've tried right-clicking the oemsetup.inf and clicking install, but it didn't actually do anything. I attempted to force it with the 'Add new hardware' wizard and forcing with the 'have disk' option but it still gave me no hardware to select. Also I've got an identical machine running WinXP which uses the PERC driver successfully (which was obviously done at install time) and the boot.ini settings are the same : multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1) Any ideas would be appreciated.

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• What is the usual procedure for working with remote Git repositories?

  - by James

  A slightly open question regarding best practices, I can find lots of functional guides for git but not much info about standard ordering of operations etc: Whats the standard/nice way of working with remote repositories, specifically for making a change and taking it all the way back to the remote master. Can someone provide a step-by-step list of procedures they normally follow when doing this. i.e. something like: 1) clone repo 2) create new local branch of head 3) make changes locally and commit to local branch 4) ...

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• Can't create LVM due to: not found (or ignored by filtering)

  - by James

  I'm planning to use LVM for KVM, and when I try to create a VG it fails, so how can I create my VG and LV ? Thanks [root@server ~]# vgcreate virtual-machines /dev/sda Device /dev/sda not found (or ignored by filtering). Unable to add physical volume '/dev/sda' to volume group 'virtual-machines'. [root@server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 2.0T 929G 976G 49% / tmpfs 3.9G 124K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 57M 128M 31% /boot [root@server ~]# pvscan No matching physical volumes found

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• cPanel IPTables custom rules

  - by James Haigh

  Hi, I'm trying to allow a host access to port 3306 by IP. I've added the rule and ran an iptables-save and also service iptables save. These commands show as "OK" with no reported errors. And this works absolutely fine. Now, the server hasn't been restarted at all since I've been having this problem, but every day when I start developing on the server that needs mySQL access, it reports that the connection is refused. Back on the mySQL server, all I need to do is service iptables restart and everything then works as normal. The mySQL server is a CentOS cPanel VPS running on OpenVZ. Anyone know how I can make these rules persist? Is it something cPanel is doing overnight that is messing with my config? Thanks.

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• How can I deploy Windows Server 2003 with the latest service packs across my forest?

  - by James

  I have a number of servers running different NOS and I would like to get them all running the same standard platform. I have chosen Windows Server 2003 as I have some spare licences for it and it seems mature enough now. I have had issues with Windows Server 2008. Is there a way to get an installation that will have all the latest service packs and updates on it ready to install so I don't have to download updates again for each server?

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