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• Git-based storage and publishing, infrastructure advice

  - by Joel Martinez

  I wanted to get some advice on moving a system to "the cloud" ... specifically, I'm looking to move into some of Windows Azure's managed services, as right now I'm managing a VM. Basically, the system operates on some data stored in a github git repository. I'll describe the current architecture: Current system (all hosted on a single server): GitHub - configured with a webhook pointing at ... ASP.NET MVC application - to accept the webhook from git. It pushes a message onto ... Azure service bus Queue - which is drained by ... Windows Service - pulls the message from the queue and ... Fetches the latest data from the git repository (using GitLib2Sharp) onto the local disk and finally ... Operates on the data in git to produce a static HTML website hosted/served by IIS. The system works really well, actually ... but I would like to get out of the business of managing the VM, and move to using some combination of Azure web and worker roles. But because the system relies so heavily on the git repository on the local filesystem, I'm finding it difficult to figure out how to architect in the cloud. I know you can get file system access, so in theory I could just fetch the repository if there's nothing on disk ... but the performance/responsiveness of the system sort of depends on the repository being available and only having to fetch diffs, which is relatively quick. As opposed to periodically having to fetch the entire (somewhat large) git repository if the web or worker role was recycled, or something. So I would love some advice on how you would architect such a system :) Ultimately, the only real requirement is to be able to serve HTML content that's been produced from the contents of a git repository (in a relatively responsive manner, from a publishing perspective) ... please feel free to ask any clarifying questions if there's something I omitted. Thanks!

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• In git, how can I get the diff between two dates?

  - by Weidenrinde

  Basically, I am looking for something equivalent to cvs diff -D"1 day ago" -D"2010-02-29 11:11". While collecting more and more information, I found a solution. I paste it here, for others that might have similar problems. Things I have tried: In git, how can I get the diff between all the commits that occured between two dates? was ansered here with: git whatchanged --since="1 day ago" -p But this gives a diff for each commit, even if there are multiple commits in one file. I know that "date" is a bit of a loose concept in git, I thought there must be some way to do this. git diff 'master@{1 day ago}..master gives some warning warning: Log for 'master' only goes back to Tue, 16 Mar 2010 14:17:32 +0100. and does not show old diffs. git format-patch --since=yesterday --stdout does not give anything. revs=$(git log --pretty="format:%H" --since="1 day ago");git diff $(echo "$revs"|tail -n1) $(echo "$revs"|head -n1) works somehow, but seems complicated and does not restrict to the current branch. git diff $(git rev-list -n1 --before="1 day ago" master) seems to work and a default way to do similar things, although more complicated than I thought. Funnily, git-cvsserver does not support "cvs diff -D" (without that it is documented somewhere).

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• Why does git remember changes, but not let me stage them?

  - by Andres Jaan Tack

  I have a list of modifications when I run git status, but I cannot stage them or commit them. How can I fix this? This occurred after pulling the kernelmode directory from a bare repository somewhere in one huge commit. % git status # On branch master # Changed but not updated: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: kernelmode/linux-2.6.33/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt # ... $ git add . $ git status # On branch master # Changed but not updated: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: kernelmode/linux-2.6.33/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt # ...

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• How do I change a file's path in git's history?

  - by carleeto

  Here is what I have - a git repo of my code: projects |-proj1 (no git repo here yet) |-subproj1 <- current git repo here Here is what I want - a git repo which is now tracking a new project that uses my code: projects |-proj1 <-git repo moved to here, but still tracking files in subproj1 |-subproj1 (no git repo here) I'd like to keep the history intact and therefore the new repository will be referring to files that are one level deeper than the original. What is the most pain free way to do this?

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• How do you Remove an Invalid Remote Branch Reference from Git?

  - by Casey

  In my current repo I have the following output: $ git branch -a * master remotes/origin/master remotes/public/master I want to delete 'remotes/public/master' from the branch list: $ git branch -d remotes/public/master error: branch 'remotes/public/master' not found. Also, the output of 'git remote' is strange, since it does not list 'public': $ git remote show origin How can I delete 'remotes/public/master' from the branch list? Update, tried the 'git push' command: $ git push public :master fatal: 'public' does not appear to be a git repository fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly Solution: The accepted answer had the solution at the bottom! git gc --prune=now

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• I accidentally created a git local branch called --track, how can I delete it?

  - by Rich

  I mistyped a git command which resulted in the creation of a local branch called, '--track'. I've tried the following: git branch -m --track delme (this renames the current branch to delme, not the branch called --track) git checkout --track > fatal: --track needs a branch name git branch -d --track (does nothing, reports nothing) git branch -D --track (also does nothing) git branch -d "--track" (also does nothing How can I delete this branch?

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• git - how do I clone into a non-empty directory?

  - by shovas

  I have directory A with files matching directory B. Directory A may have other needed files. Directory B is a git repo. I want to clone directory B to directory A but git-clone won't allow me to since the directory is non-empty. I was hoping it would just clone .git and since all the files match I could go from there? I can't clone into an empty directory because I have files in directory A that are not in directory B and I want to keep them. Copying .git is not an option since I want refs to push/pull with and I don't want to set them up manually. Is there any way to do this? Update: I think this works, can anyone see any problems? -- cd a git clone --no-hardlinks --no-checkout ../b a.tmp mv a.tmp/.git . rm -rf a.tmp git unstage # apparently git thinks all the files are deleted if you don't do this

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• how do I start GIT daemon automatically under CentOS 4.8 ?

  - by ck2

  Apparently my server is running CentOS 4.8 with Cpanel uname -a 2.6.9-023stab048.6-enterprise #1 SMP MSK 2008 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 4.8 (Final) I'd prefer to install it as a service but I cannot seem to install "yum git-daemon" there is no package available for CentOS 4.8 (when I try to include another repos for it I get too many dependency failures) So what's the easiest way to just start it? Typically this is how I do it from CLI git daemon --detach --user=git --group=git Thanks for any help!

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• GIT and Django Projects

  - by Garfonzo

  I have two servers, a Dev server and a Production server. The Production server runs a live Django site, while the Dev server has a copy of the Django project. I use the Dev server to work on the Django site, make improvements, fix bugs, etc. Once I am satisfied with how the Dev version is working, I move the whole Django directory from the Dev server and replace the same directory on the Production server. The two servers are not on the same LAN so the process is not straight forward. There are a few issues with this that I am having so far. Moving the whole directory is laborious and time consuming If I only change a few files, it is even move tedious to replace a few files than the whole directory since the project is getting fairly large and I worry that I'll miss something I often run into permission issues after I've moved things It's super inefficient, and, due to lack of time, I haven't bothered figuring out a new method. Now it's just getting out of hand and i need to address the situation. I am thinking I need to move to a GIT repository for this process. But my question is how would I set this all up? Do I host the repository on the Production server, pull from the Dev server, do work, then commit? Then I would pull from the Production server (same server the repo is hosted on) to run the current working version? Do I host the repo on the Dev Server, pulling from the same server to do work on the repo, then pull a working version onto the Production server? Should I be hosting the repo on a different server than the Production server and the Dev server (a third server)? Are there any special considerations with Django and repos that I need to worry about? Thanks for the help :)

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• Configure (or mimic) svn:externals to include code from Github in a svn-hosted project

  - by Dylan Beattie

  We use Subversion locally, and we're working on a project that uses a fork of Fluent NHibernate, which is hosted on Github. I'd like it set up so that a single svn checkout will retrieve everything necessary to build the project, but maintain the ability to fetch HEAD updates from github. Is there any way I can pull code from the Git repository as though it was an svn:external dependency? Can I just check the .git folder into our Subversion repository and just run git fetch when I need to, then svn commit the results?

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• Is Version control with GIT useful to work in small projects fon an individual developer? [closed]

  - by chefnelone

  I work as website developer. I develop with Drupal CSM. I have a drupal base installation which has some settings which are sort of default for all my proyects. This drupal installation is my drupal-base folder Every time I start a new project I just duplicate the `drupal-base- folder and start coding the new features I need for the new proyect. The problem is that sometimes I work in more than one projects at the same time and I get a new feature in one of the project that I'd like to commit to my drupal base installation and also to the other projects. Then keeping the sync of all this is nightmare. I thought that Version Control with GIT could help me with this and I went into a tutorial about it. But now I'm not sure if this will be usefull for me. Then my question is: I think that GIT is just usefull for big projects where a team is working all together in the same files. But it is not usefull to work in small and individual projects. Am I right?

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• How to open-source a project whose git repository has copyrighted media in the history?

  - by phyzome

  I want to release an audio fingerprinting software project under a free license, but the repository contains copyrighted audio files. The test cases also currently use these files. How do I release the code to the public with maximum version history but without violating copyright? Details: The code is versioned under git. We will collapse it all back into one branch before release. There are 400 MB of audio data. Some files are free-licensed music from e.g. Jamendo, others are MP3s from our personal collections. No matter what approach we take, we'll always keep an immutable copy of the original repo, so as not to destroy project history. Main question: How to handle the public release? Expunge all history of the files in question from the git repository and release the altered repo. (v64 pointed out a way to do this.) Alternatively, take a snapshot of the current state of the code and don't even bother having a public history of the pre-release code. Side question: How could we have avoided this dilemma in the first place, given that sometimes private code or media is needed for the early stages of a project?

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• Free APress e-book on GIT!

  - by TATWORTH

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/TATWORTH/archive/2013/07/24/free-apress-e-book-on-git.aspxA free e-book in PDF, mobi and ePub formats is available at http://git-scm.com/book"Programmers or project leaders will learn to use Git, the version control system developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. You'll discover the world of distributed version control and learn how to build a Git development workflow, with expert guidance from Scott Chacon."

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• GIT repository layout for server with multiple projects

  - by Paul Alexander

  One of the things I like about the way I have Subversion set up is that I can have a single main repository with multiple projects. When I want to work on a project I can check out just that project. Like this \main \ProductA \ProductB \Shared then svn checkout http://.../main/ProductA As a new user to git I want to explore a bit of best practice in the field before committing to a specific workflow. From what I've read so far, git stores everything in a single .git folder at the root of the project tree. So I could do one of two things. Set up a separate project for each Product. Set up a single massive project and store products in sub folders. There are dependencies between the products, so the single massive project seems appropriate. We'll be using a server where all the developers can share their code. I've already got this working over SSH & HTTP and that part I love. However, the repositories in SVN are already many GB in size so dragging around the entire repository on each machine seems like a bad idea - especially since we're billed for excessive network bandwidth. I'd imagine that the Linux kernel project repositories are equally large so there must be a proper way of handling this with Git but I just haven't figured it out yet. Are there any guidelines or best practices for working with very large multi-project repositories?

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• git merge with renamed files

  - by Kevin

  I have a large website that I am moving into a new framework and in the process adding git. The current site doesn't have any version control on it. I started by copying the site into a new git repository. I made a new branch and made all of the changes that were needed to make it work with the new framework. One of those steps was changing the file extension of all of the pages. Now in the time that I have been working on the new site changes have been made to files on the old site. So I switched to master and copied all of those changes in. The problem is when I merge the branch with the new framework back onto master there is a conflict on every file that was changed on the master branch. I wouldn't be to worried about it but there are a couple of hundred files with changes. I have tried git rebase and git rebase --merge with no luck. How can I merge these 2 branches without dealing with every file?

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• Managing large binary files with git

  - by pi

  Hi there. I am looking for opinions of how to handle large binary files on which my source code (web application) is dependent. We are currently discussing several alternatives: Copy the binary files by hand. Pro: Not sure. Contra: I am strongly against this, as it increases the likelihood of errors when setting up a new site/migrating the old one. Builds up another hurdle to take. Manage them all with git. Pro: Removes the possibility to 'forget' to copy a important file Contra: Bloats the repository and decreases flexibility to manage the code-base and checkouts/clones/etc will take quite a while. Separate repositories. Pro: Checking out/cloning the source code is fast as ever, and the images are properly archived in their own repository. Contra: Removes the simpleness of having the one and only git repository on the project. Surely introduces some other things I haven't thought about. What are your experiences/thoughts regarding this? Also: Does anybody have experience with multiple git repositories and managing them in one project? Update: The files are images for a program which generates PDFs with those files in it. The files will not change very often(as in years) but are very relevant to a program. The program will not work without the files. Update2: I found a really nice screencast on using git-submodule at GitCasts.

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• Git graph with ref logs

  - by Francisco Garcia

  I am trying to improve my custom git log format string. I have almost everything I want except the ref names. I can already get a log similar to what I want: > git log --all --source --pretty=oneline --graph * b7c7ad3855b54e94ad7ac03f2d2e5b96d6e5ac1d refs/heads/b1 na | * 695e1482622a79230fa1d83afb8d70e86847334a refs/heads/master Merge branch 'b1' | |\ | |/ |/| * | ec21f370f82096c0208f43b390da234d92e8c74a refs/heads/b1 beta * | c6bc1f55ab3b1bd568493a5de4298dfcb4f66d8d refs/heads/b1 alfa * | 762dd868ae87753afc1cbf9803744c76f9a9e121 refs/heads/b1 tango | * 57fb27bff06ee9bb569f93ba815e9dcd69521c13 refs/heads/master little last post commit |/ | * 8d613d09b43152a7263b6e02d47ec8a4304f54be refs/heads/b3 the other commit | * e1f32b7cb86633351df06e37c2c58ef3f9fafc40 refs/heads/b3 something |/ | * 01b5c6728cf25dd576733211ce75dd3ecc29c7ba refs/heads/b2 this time a I am fighting to get a customized output with my own format string like this: > git log --pretty=format:'%h - %gD %s' --source -g b7c7ad3 - HEAD@{0} na ec21f37 - HEAD@{1} beta 01b5c67 - HEAD@{2} this time a 01b5c67 - HEAD@{3} this time a 695e148 - HEAD@{4} Merge branch 'b1' 57fb27b - HEAD@{5} little last post commit My main problem is that I cannot get the ref names I want. I assume it is one of the %g? format strings, but none of them seem to give me the full ref name. Another problem is that the %g? format strings are empty unless I walk the reflogs (-g). However git refuses to combine --graph with -g How can reproduce the first sample with a format string which I can further customize?

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• Web development scheme for staging and production servers using Git Push

  - by ServAce85

  I am using git to manage a dynamic website (PHP + MySQL) and I want to send my files from my localhost to my staging and development servers in the most efficient and hassle-free way. I am currently convinced that the best way for me to approach this problem is to use this git branching model to organize my local git repo. From there, I will use the release branches to push to my staging server for testing. Once I am happy that the release code works on the staging server, I can then merge with my master branch and push that to my production server. Pushing to Staging Server: As noted in many introductory git posts, I could run into problems pushing into a non-bare repo, so, as suggested in this response, I plan to push the release branch to a bare repo on the server and have a post-receive hook that clones the bare repo to a non-bare repo that also acts as the web-hosted directory. Pushing to Production Server: Here's my newest source of confusion... In the response that I cited above, it made me curious as to why @Paul states that it's a completely different story when pushing to a live, development server. I guess I don't see the problem. Would it be safe and hassle-free to follow the same steps as above, but for the master branch? Where are the potential pit-falls? Config Files: With respect to configuration files that are unique to each environment (.htaccess, config.php, etc), it seems simplest to .gitignore each of those files in their respective repos on their respective servers. Can you see anything immediately wrong with this? Better solutions? Accessing Data: Finally, as I initially stated, the site uses MySQL databases to store data. How would you suggest I access that data (for testing purposes) from the staging server and localhost? I realize that I may have asked way too many questions for a single post, but since they're all related to the best way to set up this development scheme, I thought it was necessary.

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• Outgoing Emails (Git Patches) Blocked by Windows Live

  - by SteveStifler

  Just recently I dove into the VideoLAN open source project. This was my first time using git, and when sending in my first patch (using git send-email --to [email protected] patches), I was sent the following message from my computer's local mail in the terminal (I'm on OSX 10.6 by the way): Mail rejected by Windows Live Hotmail for policy reasons. We generally do not accept email from dynamic IP's as they are not typically used to deliver unauthenticated SMTP e-mail to an Internet mail server. http:/www.spamhaus.org maintains lists of dynamic and residential IP addresses. If you are not an email/network admin please contact your E-mail/Internet Service Provider for help. Email/network admins, please visit http://postmaster.live.com for email delivery information and support They must think I'm a spammer. I have a dynamic IP and my ISP (Charter) won't let me get a static one, so I tried editing git preferences: git config --global user.email "[email protected]" to my gmail account. However I got the exact same message again. My guess is that it has something to do with the native mail's preferences, but I have no idea how to access them or modify them. Anybody have any ideas for solving this? Thanks!

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• git: remove 2nd commit

  - by cwolves

  I'm trying to remove the 2nd commit to a repo. At this point I could just blow away the .git dir and re-do it, but I'm curious how to do this... I've deleted commits before, but apparently never the 2nd one :) > git log commit c39019e4b08497406c53ceb532f99801793205ca Author: Me Date: Thu Mar 22 14:02:41 2012 -0700 Initializing registry directories commit 535dce28f1c68e8af9d22bc653aca426fb7825d8 Author: Me Date: Tue Jan 31 21:04:13 2012 -0800 First Commit > git rebase -i HEAD~2 fatal: Needed a single revision invalid upstream HEAD~2 > git rebase -i HEAD~1 at which point I get in my editor: pick c39019e Initializing registry directories # Rebase 535dce2..c39019e onto 535dce2 # # Commands: # p, pick = use commit # r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message # e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending # s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit # f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message # x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell # # If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST. # However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted. # Now my problem is that I can't just blow away this 2nd commit since "if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted"

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• Git is not using the first editor in my $PATH

  - by GuillaumeA

  I am using OS X 10.8, and I used brew to install a more recent version of emacs than the one shipped with OS X. The newer emacs binary is installed in /usr/local/bin (24.2.1), and the old "shipped-with-osx" one in /usr/bin (22.1.1). I updated my $PATH env variable by prepending /usr/local/bin to it. It works fine in my shell (ie. typing emacs runs the 24.2.1 version), but when git opens the editor, the emacs version is 22.1.1. Isn't git supposed to use $PATH to find the editor I want to use ? Additional informations: $ type -a emacs emacs is /usr/local/bin/emacs emacs is /usr/bin/emacs emacs is /usr/local/bin/emacs $ env PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin SHELL=/bin/zsh PAGER=most EDITOR=emacs -nw _=/usr/bin/env Please note that I'd prefer not to set the absolute path of my editor directly in my git conf, as I use this conf across multiple systems. EDIT: Here's an bit of my .zshrc: # Mac OS X if [ `uname` = "Darwin" ]; then # Brew binaries PATH="/usr/local/bin":"/usr/local/sbin":$PATH else # Everyone else (Linux) # snip fi So, yes, I could add a line export EDITOR='/usr/local/bin emacs -nw' in the first if, but I'd like to understand why git is not using my PATH variable :)

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• Expressionengine 2 and git (version control)

  - by Danny

  Hey guys I’m looking to move over to using git to make my EE development a lot easier and more manageable. I’m already aware of the guides posted on devotee and a few othersites but after scanning over them they seem a little old and seem to be specifically for ee 1.x, I was wondering if anyone had been successful with ee 2. I’ve only recently made the transition from svn to git, previously I found that using ee via svn was a ballache, so many confit conflicts, wrong urls, and all versions of the site were using the same database. I’m basically looking for the best or should I say the ideal way to setup both git and ee to work in harmony together. I’d like to also learn how to branch other sites I develop with ee from this too, if anyone has experience with this that’d be great! Also if it’s any use I’m hosted by dreamhost, As far as I understand they support git, I’ve looked over their knowledge base on how best to set things up, would anyone reccomend their way of doing things? And has anyone had a successful experience whilst doing so?  I look forward to hearing your responses! Thanks Sent from my iPhone, whilst falling asleep so excuse the possible typos!a

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• Using git (or some other VCS) at your company

  - by supercheetah

  Some friends of mine and I were talking recently about version control, and how they were using VSS at their jobs, and were probably going to be moving off of that soon. One of them said that his company will likely be going with Team Foundation Server. Eventually, the conversation did get around to talking about some of the open source VCSes out there, including git and SVN. None of us really knew about any companies that use either of these internally, although we imagined that a number of them did so for SVN, but we weren't too sure about git. I brought up Google and Android using it, but my friend figured that's only for the public facing source code, and that they may use something different for internal projects. Apparently it's more than just SCM that makes TFS so intriguing: Microsoft Sales people and support (although my friend did point out somethings to his managers that he thought might be misleading on MS' part) Integration of things beyond SCM, including project management (I'm just finding out that there are geared towards the same things for git) Again, it's Microsoft, and the transition from VSS to TFS seems logical (or does it?) I'm not much of a fan of SVN, so I didn't really bring it up much, but I am curious about whether or not git is used at your company for internal projects. Have you thought about it, and decided against it? Any reason why?

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• Git repositories on shared hosting with ssh access - multiple users / one ssh account

  - by acp

  I'm part of a small team trying to start coding on a project. I've decided it's time to give git a chance (no more svn) and was trying to see if we could use our shared web hosting to deploy a "public" repository there so that we can easily push/pull to/from it and keep up-to-date with each others changes. The problem I'm having now is that we only have a single ssh account for that hosting. Having used svn in the past, I could enforce a svn username on a given pair of ssh keys, however I don't seem to be able to do something similar with git (in other words tie the ssh keypair to a specific dev). I don't mind everybody having read/write permissions everywhere, since anything that is private should stay on each others machine. Finally, solutions such as gitosis can not be used. I guess my question to you is how is accountability to git pushes given? Is it tied to the ssh account being used, or the email address given in git config? Can I create different ssh keys for every developer (for the same ssh account though), and just send them to the devs?

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• Test and Production Server

  - by Mike Silvis

  I am using Git for a test and production server and I'm trying to figure out the best way to update the production server. I have limited SSH access, and don't want to manually update my production server using FTP. I essentially would like to just be able to run a simple command and have the whole production server files match my dev. It is also important to note that users will be uploading images, and other files to our production server only, that we can not lose. Thanks,any help is appreciated

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