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  • Why does ping flooding a domain name freezes and not a direct ip address

    - by CYREX
    I am wondering why, when ping flooding a domain, the ping flood freezes after a couple of seconds then continues and this freeze, unfreeze continues until i stop the ping flood. When i do the same using the ip it does not freeze. NEVER. i did for example sudo ping -f IP (It does not freeze) then i did sudo ping -f DomainName (It freezes after a couple of seconds) Why does ping flooding an IP not freezes and ping flooding the same place using the domain name does freeze. EDIT - What i mean about freezing is that the behavior of the ping flood should send a ping and create a dot (.) for each ping but also remove each dot (.) after receiving the echo request. Looks something like this: .......... <-- This means you just send 10 ping requests. If the requests are answer, for each request answer a dot is removed. The freeze happens when this is sending or receiving. The dots will stay there frozen, like is not receiving or sending any packets. For the PING FLOOD. I do not mean in the evil way of flooding a place, i mean in the testing way. To test the performance/speed of the request send and answered of the ping requests. If you send a ping flood to google's IP for about 10 seconds you would have send about 1000 packets.but if you do it to google's domain name (google.com) it will create the freeze am talking about. IMPORTANT - Do not confuse with flooding a site with ping of death attacks.

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  • iMac OSX "no route to host"

    - by jairo
    I have an issue with one of my computer on my network. It is an iMac running OS X 10.5.8. The issue is accessing certain websites. For instance, one of these websites is that the computer is unable to connect to is farmville.com. When I ping farmville.com it returns "no route to host": $ ping farmville.com PING farmville.com (50.16.253.102): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host When I traceroute farmville: $ traceroute farmville.com traceroute: Warning: farmville.com has multiple addresses; using 50.16.253.109 traceroute to farmville.com (50.16.253.109), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets traceroute: sendto: No route to host 1 traceroute: wrote farmville.com 40 chars, ret=-1 tracerouting the farmville ip address: 50.16.253.109 $ traceroute 50.16.253.109 traceroute to farmville.com (50.16.253.109), 64 hops max, 40 byte packets traceroute: sendto: No route to host 1 traceroute: wrote farmville.com 40 chars, ret=-1 Now the interesting part is that I on another computer (running Ubuntu 10.10) I have no issues at all accessing this website. Which tells me that it's not the internet connection. I've also disabled the firewall on the router to no avail. The /etc/hosts file in the mac is the following. The /private/etc/hosts file is empty: ## # Host Database # # localhost is used to configure the loopback interface # when the system is booting. Do not change this entry. ## 127.0.0.1 localhost #255.255.255.255 broadcasthost ::1 localhost fe80::1%lo0 localhost Any help is appreciated. Many thanks

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  • bonding module parameters are not shown in /sys/module/bonding/parameters/

    - by c4f4t0r
    I have a server with Suse 11 sp1 kernel 2.6.32.54-0.3-default, with modinfo bonding i see all parameters, but under /sys/module/bonding/parameters/ not modinfo bonding | grep ^parm parm: max_bonds:Max number of bonded devices (int) parm: num_grat_arp:Number of gratuitous ARP packets to send on failover event (int) parm: num_unsol_na:Number of unsolicited IPv6 Neighbor Advertisements packets to send on failover event (int) parm: miimon:Link check interval in milliseconds (int) parm: updelay:Delay before considering link up, in milliseconds (int) parm: downdelay:Delay before considering link down, in milliseconds (int) parm: use_carrier:Use netif_carrier_ok (vs MII ioctls) in miimon; 0 for off, 1 for on (default) (int) parm: mode:Mode of operation : 0 for balance-rr, 1 for active-backup, 2 for balance-xor, 3 for broadcast, 4 for 802.3ad, 5 for balance-tlb, 6 for balance-alb (charp) parm: primary:Primary network device to use (charp) parm: lacp_rate:LACPDU tx rate to request from 802.3ad partner (slow/fast) (charp) parm: ad_select:803.ad aggregation selection logic: stable (0, default), bandwidth (1), count (2) (charp) parm: xmit_hash_policy:XOR hashing method: 0 for layer 2 (default), 1 for layer 3+4 (charp) parm: arp_interval:arp interval in milliseconds (int) parm: arp_ip_target:arp targets in n.n.n.n form (array of charp) parm: arp_validate:validate src/dst of ARP probes: none (default), active, backup or all (charp) parm: fail_over_mac:For active-backup, do not set all slaves to the same MAC. none (default), active or follow (charp) in /sys/module/bonding/parameters ls -l /sys/module/bonding/parameters/ total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2013-10-17 11:22 num_grat_arp -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2013-10-17 11:22 num_unsol_na I found some of this parameters under /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/, but when i try to change one i got the following error echo layer2+3 > /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/xmit_hash_policy -bash: echo: write error: Operation not permitted

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  • Finding cause of TCP retransmission within a LAN

    - by Surreal
    Hello denizens of Server Fault I have an irritating problem with a LAN of about 100 computers, 2 Windows domain servers, and 12 VoIP phones. Since their installation around a year ago, every week or so, we notice a VoIP phone resetting itself - occasionally in the middle of a call. Simultaneously there are often signs of temporary loss of connection on computers: freezes in explorer while accessing network shares, errors in our administration software due to loss of connection to the database server. I have been doing some Wireshark monitoring on the connection between the VoIP PBX and the rest of the network. Wireshark picks up a clump of retransmitted TCP packets at the times when we record phone restarts. The Wireshark log shows about 2 clusters of retransmissions a day ranging from 5 packets to hundreds. Those in each cluster are mainly between the PBX and some set of the VoIP phones, but not always the same set. Often retransmissions at the same time are to phones connected to the same switch, but sometimes retransmissions occur together to phones at opposite ends of the network. There are usually some coincident retransmissions in passing TCP traffic, for example between client machines and the file servers. The spikes in retransmissions and phone resets do not correlate well with when the network is heavily loaded. They seem to occur slightly more during the day, but most in the evening, when traffic should be decreasing. They occur reasonably often late at night when most computers are turned off and traffic should be lowest. Do you have any ideas that might help diagnose the cause of problems like this? One thing I have not yet tried, but should have, is updating the firmware of all the switches.

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  • IP address spoofing using Source Routing

    - by iamrohitbanga
    With IP options we can specify the route we want an IP packet to take while connecting to a server. If we know that a particular server provides some extra functionality based on the IP address can we not utilize this by spoofing an IP packet so that the source IP address is the privileged IP address and one of the hosts on the Source Routing is our own. So if the privileged IP address is x1 and server IP address is x2 and my own IP address is x3. I send a packet from x1 to x2 which is supposed to pass through x3. x1 does not actually send the packet. It is just that x2 thinks the packet came from x1 via x3. Now in response if x2 uses the same routing policy (as a matter of courtesy to x1) then all packets would be received by x3. Will the destination typically use the same IP address sequences as specified in the routing header so that packets coming from the server pass through my IP where I can get the required information? Can we not spoof a TCP connection in the above case? Is this attack used in practice?

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  • Bind9 configured to start at boot, has to be started manually

    - by antik
    I've configured bind9 on my system and it works great when it runs. It's currently configured to be run at runlevel 2 by setting: $ sudo update-rc.d bind9 enable 2 This appears to have done its work: $ tree -f /etc/rc?.d | grep -e ".*bind9$" |-- /etc/rc0.d/K85bind9 -> ../init.d/bind9 |-- /etc/rc2.d/S15bind9 -> ../init.d/bind9 |-- /etc/rc3.d/S15bind9 -> ../init.d/bind9 |-- /etc/rc4.d/S15bind9 -> ../init.d/bind9 |-- /etc/rc5.d/S15bind9 -> ../init.d/bind9 |-- /etc/rc6.d/K85bind9 -> ../init.d/bind9 Booting the system, I believe I am at runlevel 2: $ runlevel N 2 Given the above configuration, when the system is rebooted, bind does not come up. Only on occasion, for some reason, can I resolve hostnames immediately after startup. Far more often than not however, I cannot. I can interrogate the service's status: $ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 status * could not access PID file for bind9 When the service doesn't start, I can start it successfully via a terminal by issuing $ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 start And it works great from then on. Loopback configuration: $ ifconfig lo lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1872 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1872 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:220205 (220.2 KB) TX bytes:220205 (220.2 KB) Do I have my startup misconfigured? (I'm used to Gentoo so Ubuntu's model is still a little new to me) I'm not seeing any log indication of a failed attempt to start at boot in syslog. Is there someplace else I should be looking? What else should I look into to get bind working at startup?

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  • IPv6: Can't ping anything - "Operation not permitted"

    - by Matthew Iselin
    I've been working on getting IPv6 support into my network, and had everything working properly for a short while. The server is running Ubuntu Server 8.10. Now however whenever I attempt to do anything related to IPv6 on the server, I get "Operation not permitted". This is coming from things like wide-dhcpv6-client (when trying to get an IPv6 address from the ISP) and radvd - both log errors of this type into syslog. Even pinging the loopback interface fails: xxx@gordon:~$ ping6 ::1 PING ::1(::1) 56 data bytes ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted ^C --- ::1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2014ms xxx@gordon:~$ sudo ping6 ::1 sudo: unable to resolve host gordon PING ::1(::1) 56 data bytes ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted ^C --- ::1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2014ms As you can see, I have attempted pinging as root, as most of the material I've found on the internet points to a permission problem. However, that has not helped. Any hints to getting unstuck would be appreciated.

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  • How do I fix issue causing "incomplete startup packet" log message trying to implement replication in Postgresql?

    - by colour me brad
    I've got two cloud servers running Ubuntu 13.04 and PostgreSQL 9.2. I've primarily used this blog post to aid me in setting things up. However, to do the initial database dump to the slave I'm using pg_start_backup/pg_stop_backup strategy used in this other blog post. I've read through the docs and postgres wikis as well. I ran into several problems I was able to solve, but I can't get past this wretched "the database is starting up" failure. I'm not sure if seeing "cp: cannot stat '/var/lib/postgresql/9.2/archive/00000001000000000000003A': No such file or directory" after "consistent recover state reached" is normal or the first sign of a problem. The searching I've done on "the database is starting up" and "incomplete startup packet" tells me that something is sending empty TCP packets to the slave. The only thing that even knows about the slave is the master, so I'm not sure why it's sending empty packets... Has anyone worked with this and have an idea what might be going wrong? The postgres log on the slave looks like so: 2013-08-26 13:01:38 CDT LOG: entering standby mode 2013-08-26 13:01:38 CDT LOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000039" from archive 2013-08-26 13:01:38 CDT LOG: incomplete startup packet 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT LOG: redo starts at 0/39000020 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT LOG: consistent recovery state reached at 0/390000E0 cp: cannot stat '/var/lib/postgresql/9.2/archive/00000001000000000000003A': No such file or directory 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT LOG: streaming replication successfully connected to primary 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:40 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:40 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:41 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:42 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:42 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:43 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:43 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:44 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:44 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:44 CDT LOG: incomplete startup packet 2013-08-26 13:03:27 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:03:27 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:03:30 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:03:30 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up thanks! brad

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  • Network corruption - corrupt downloads, corrupt streams, etc.

    - by rfrankel
    I've been having some problems with my home LAN. Downloaded executables won't run, my remote desktop sessions keep getting interrupted due to encryption errors, flash video streams show visible corruption (both Hulu and YouTube), and I've had a couple downloads for which the md5 hashes don't match. The problem has even occurred with a couple images embedded in webpages, though that's rare enough (presumably because images are relatively smaller files). I've had this problem across two Windows machines and a Mac, so it's neither machine-specific nor at the app or OS level. Comcast claims it's nothing to do with them, and my Linksys/Cisco RV016 router is out of warranty, so I have no access to official support. When I log into my router, it shows no error packets or dropped packets received. I plugged a laptop directly into the router and was able to download a 5.5 MB file and verify its MD5 hash, which is not proof that the problem is downstream of the router, but makes it seem quite likely, since I failed to download the same file several times from two desktops (one Mac, one Windows). Could this be a wiring problem? If so, is there any way clever/elegant to determine which wiring is faulty with just software? If I can avoid tracing all the wires throughout my entire house it would make my life quite a bit easier.

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  • SNAT through Racoon IPSec VPN

    - by Mite fine d'ailes
    I am trying to route traffic from a device (that I will call "target") connected to my Ubuntu box (that I will call "host") to servers at a remote office. The host uses a Racoon IPSec VPN, connected through a NIC called efix. This creates an aliased IF called efix:0 which has IP adress 192.168.190.132. It is able to reach the servers. The link between host and target is an Ethernet link, using IP adresses 10.0.0.1 on IF eusb for the host and 10.0.0.2 on IF eth0 for the target. I have setup the following routes and iptables entries: On target: 10.0.0.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 On host: echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to 192.168.190.132 iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.0.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -d 10.0.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT Using Wireshark to monitor an HTTP GET, I can see SYN packets from the target go all the way to the server, but the server's SYNACK packets stop at the host and are not forwarded to the target. Am I missing something here ? Isn't SNAT supposed to keep track of the connections ?

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  • missing network usage through iptables

    - by Purres
    I inserted a rule to iptables to track the input usage to a certain ip address. The vps server's IP is 192.168.1.5 and the guest os's IP is 192.168.1.115. I ran 'yum update' inside the guest OS to get some network traffic. Then I ran iptables -vnL from the hypervisor. However it only showed network usage to the host, but not to the guest. Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target source destination 0 0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 destination IP range 192.168.1.115-192.168.1.115 1853 114K 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 destination IP range 192.168.1.5-192.168.1.5 I ran tcpdump and the log showed that there're data packets to the guest os. 16:17:43.932514 IP mirrordenver.fdcservers.net.http > 192.168.1.115.34471: Flags [.], seq 17694667:17696115, ack 1345, win 113, options [nop,nop,TS val 1060308643 ecr 1958781], length 1448 16:17:43.932559 IP 192.168.1.115.34471 > mirrordenver.fdcservers.net.http: Flags [.], ack 17696115, win 15287, options [nop,nop,TS val 1958869 ecr 1060308643], length 0 Why the guest OS network usage couldn't be tracked? iptables -L will return the INPUT chain as following: Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination all -- anywhere anywhere destination IP range 192.168.1.115-192.168.1.115 all -- anywhere anywhere destination IP range 192.168.1.5-192.168.1.5 all -- anywhere anywhere

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  • Networking "chokes" on Windows 7 64 bit

    - by Rohit Nair
    I've been having this problem for some months now, and I have been unable to figure out a solution, or even the cause. At random points throughout the day, my internet connectivity "freezes". I don't get disconnected from my local wireless network. My router doesn't get disconnected from the world. However, for some reason, my computer stops receiving packets. If I'm playing an MMO ( World of Warcraft, in this case, but it has happened with Eve Online as well ) all activity just freezes. If I try to browse, Opera, Firefox and IE all stall at "Waiting for google.com..." or whatever the hostname may be. Inspection with a packet sniffer seems to reveal that there are no incoming packets. Here's the interesting part. Disconnecting from my wireless network and reconnecting fixes the issue. Obviously this led me to conclude that it was a problem with my router or wireless card. However, I have tweaked all the settings on my router that I could think of, including things like QoS, AP Isolation, etc. with no change. My wireless card doesn't really have that many options, and I have uninstalled and reinstalled drivers a few times without any change. Windows Firewall on/off doesn't make a difference. Anyone have any suggestions for debugging this? It's becoming an annoyance.

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  • KVM Guest with NAT + Bridged networking

    - by Daniel
    I currently have a few KVM Guests on a dedicated server with bridged networking (this works) and i can successfully ping the outside ips i assign via ifconfig (in the guest). However, due to the fact i only have 5 public ipv4 ip addresses, i would like to port forward services like so: hostip:port - kvm_guest:port UPDATE I found out KVM comes with a "default" NAT interface, so added the virtual NIC to the Guest virsh configuration then configured it in the Guest, it has the ip address: 192.168.122.112 I can successfully ping 192.168.122.112 and access all ports on 192.168.122.112 from the KVM Host, so i tried to port forward like so: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 5222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.122.112:2521 iptables -I FORWARD -m state -d 192.168.122.0/24 --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT telnet KVM_HOST_IP 5222 just hangs on "trying" telnet 192.168.122.112 2521 works [root@node1 ~]# tcpdump port 5222 tcpdump: WARNING: eth0: no IPv4 address assigned tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 23:43:47.216181 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445777813 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:43:48.315747 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445778912 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:43:49.415606 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445780010 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 7 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel [root@node1 ~]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination All help is appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Inbound SIP calls through Cisco 881 NAT hang up after a few seconds

    - by MasterRoot24
    I've recently moved to a Cisco 881 router for my WAN link. I was previously using a Cisco Linksys WAG320N as my modem/router/WiFi AP/NAT firewall. The WAG320N is now running in bridged mode, so it's simply acting as a modem with one of it's LAN ports connected to FE4 WAN on my Cisco 881. The Cisco 881 get's a DHCP provided IP from my ISP. My LAN is part of default Vlan 1 (192.168.1.0/24). General internet connectivity is working great, I've managed to setup static NAT rules for my HTTP/HTTPS/SMTP/etc. services which are running on my LAN. I don't know whether it's worth mentioning that I've opted to use NVI NAT (ip nat enable as opposed to the traditional ip nat outside/ip nat inside) setup. My reason for this is that NVI allows NAT loopback from my LAN to the WAN IP and back in to the necessary server on the LAN. I run an Asterisk 1.8 PBX on my LAN, which connects to a SIP provider on the internet. Both inbound and outbound calls through the old setup (WAG320N providing routing/NAT) worked fine. However, since moving to the Cisco 881, inbound calls drop after around 10 seconds, whereas outbound calls work fine. The following message is logged on my Asterisk PBX: [Dec 9 15:27:45] WARNING[27734]: chan_sip.c:3641 retrans_pkt: Retransmission timeout reached on transmission [email protected] for seqno 1 (Critical Response) -- See https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions Packet timed out after 6528ms with no response [Dec 9 15:27:45] WARNING[27734]: chan_sip.c:3670 retrans_pkt: Hanging up call [email protected] - no reply to our critical packet (see https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions). (I know that this is quite a common issue - I've spend the best part of 2 days solid on this, trawling Google.) I've done as I am told and checked https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/SIP+Retransmissions. Referring to the section "Other SIP requests" in the page linked above, I believe that the hangup to be caused by the ACK from my SIP provider not being passed back through NAT to Asterisk on my PBX. I tried to ascertain this by dumping the packets on my WAN interface on the 881. I managed to obtain a PCAP dump of packets in/out of my WAN interface. Here's an example of an ACK being reveived by the router from my provider: 689 21.219999 193.x.x.x 188.x.x.x SIP 502 Request: ACK sip:[email protected] | However a SIP trace on the Asterisk server show's that there are no ACK's received in response to the 200 OK from my PBX: http://pastebin.com/wwHpLPPz In the past, I have been strongly advised to disable any sort of SIP ALGs on routers and/or firewalls and the many posts regarding this issue on the internet seem to support this. However, I believe on Cisco IOS, the config command to disable SIP ALG is no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 however, this doesn't appear to help the situation. To confirm that config setting is set: Router1#show running-config | include sip no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 Another interesting twist: for a short period of time, I tried another provider. Luckily, my trial account with them is still available, so I reverted my Asterisk config back to the revision before I integrated with my current provider. I then dialled in to the DDI associated with the trial trunk and the call didn't get hung up and I didn't get the error above! To me, this points at the provider, however I know, like all providers do, will say "There's no issues with our SIP proxies - it's your firewall." I'm tempted to agree with this, as this issue was not apparent with the old WAG320N router when it was doing the NAT'ing. I'm sure you'll want to see my running-config too: ! ! Last configuration change at 15:55:07 UTC Sun Dec 9 2012 by xxx version 15.2 no service pad service tcp-keepalives-in service tcp-keepalives-out service timestamps debug datetime msec localtime show-timezone service timestamps log datetime msec localtime show-timezone no service password-encryption service sequence-numbers ! hostname Router1 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! security authentication failure rate 10 log security passwords min-length 6 logging buffered 4096 logging console critical enable secret 4 xxx ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login local_auth local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! memory-size iomem 10 ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-xxx enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-xxx revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-xxx ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-xxx certificate self-signed 01 quit no ip source-route no ip gratuitous-arps ip auth-proxy max-login-attempts 5 ip admission max-login-attempts 5 ! ! ! ! ! no ip bootp server ip domain name dmz.merlin.local ip domain list dmz.merlin.local ip domain list merlin.local ip name-server x.x.x.x ip inspect audit-trail ip inspect udp idle-time 1800 ip inspect dns-timeout 7 ip inspect tcp idle-time 14400 ip inspect name autosec_inspect ftp timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect http timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect rcmd timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect realaudio timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect smtp timeout 3600 ip inspect name autosec_inspect tftp timeout 30 ip inspect name autosec_inspect udp timeout 15 ip inspect name autosec_inspect tcp timeout 3600 ip cef login block-for 3 attempts 3 within 3 no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO881-SEC-K9 sn ! ! username xxx privilege 15 secret 4 xxx username xxx secret 4 xxx ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh time-out 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet4 ip address dhcp no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable duplex auto speed auto ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 1 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ip http timeout-policy idle 60 life 86400 requests 10000 ! ! no ip nat service sip udp port 5060 ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 80 interface FastEthernet4 80 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 443 interface FastEthernet4 443 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 25 interface FastEthernet4 25 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 587 interface FastEthernet4 587 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 143 interface FastEthernet4 143 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 993 interface FastEthernet4 993 ip nat source static tcp x.x.x.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ! ! logging trap debugging logging facility local2 access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 no cdp run ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! banner motd Authorized Access only ! line con 0 login authentication local_auth length 0 transport output all line aux 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth transport output all line vty 0 1 access-class 1 in logging synchronous login authentication local_auth length 0 transport preferred none transport input telnet transport output all line vty 2 4 access-class 1 in login authentication local_auth length 0 transport input ssh transport output all ! ! end ...and, if it's of any use, here's my Asterisk SIP config: [general] context=default ; Default context for calls allowoverlap=no ; Disable overlap dialing support. (Default is yes) udpbindaddr=0.0.0.0 ; IP address to bind UDP listen socket to (0.0.0.0 binds to all) ; Optionally add a port number, 192.168.1.1:5062 (default is port 5060) tcpenable=no ; Enable server for incoming TCP connections (default is no) tcpbindaddr=0.0.0.0 ; IP address for TCP server to bind to (0.0.0.0 binds to all interfaces) ; Optionally add a port number, 192.168.1.1:5062 (default is port 5060) srvlookup=yes ; Enable DNS SRV lookups on outbound calls ; Note: Asterisk only uses the first host ; in SRV records ; Disabling DNS SRV lookups disables the ; ability to place SIP calls based on domain ; names to some other SIP users on the Internet ; Specifying a port in a SIP peer definition or ; when dialing outbound calls will supress SRV ; lookups for that peer or call. directmedia=no ; Don't allow direct RTP media between extensions (doesn't work through NAT) externhost=<MY DYNDNS HOSTNAME> ; Our external hostname to resolve to IP and be used in NAT'ed packets localnet=192.168.1.0/24 ; Define our local network so we know which packets need NAT'ing qualify=yes ; Qualify peers by default dtmfmode=rfc2833 ; Set the default DTMF mode disallow=all ; Disallow all codecs by default allow=ulaw ; Allow G.711 u-law allow=alaw ; Allow G.711 a-law ; ---------------------- ; SIP Trunk Registration ; ---------------------- ; Orbtalk register => <MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME>:[email protected]/<MY DDI> ; Main Orbtalk number ; ---------- ; Trunks ; ---------- [orbtalk] ; Main Orbtalk trunk type=peer insecure=invite host=sipgw3.orbtalk.co.uk nat=yes username=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> defaultuser=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> fromuser=<MY SIP PROVIDER USER NAME> secret=xxx context=inbound I really don't know where to go with this. If anyone can help me find out why these calls are being dropped off, I'd be grateful if you could chime in! Please let me know if any further info is required.

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  • What characteristic of networking/TCP causes linear relation between TCP activity and latency?

    - by DeLongey
    The core of this problem is that our application uses websockets for real-time interfaces. We are testing our app in a new environment but strangely we're noticing an increasing delay in TCP websocket packets associated with an increase in websocket activity. For example, if one websocket event occurs without any other activity in a 1-minute period, the response from the server is instantaneous. However, if we slowly increase client activity the latency in server response increases with a linear relationship (each packet will take more time to reach the client with more activity). For those wondering this is NOT app-related since our logs show that our server is running and responding to requests in under 100ms as desired. The delay starts once the server processes the request and creates the TCP packet and sends it to the client (and not the other way around). Architecture This new environment runs with a Virtual IP address and uses keepalived on a load balancer to balance the traffic between instances. Two boxes sit behind the balancer and all traffic runs through it. Our host provider manages the balancer and we do not have control over that part of the architecture. Theory Could this somehow be related to something buffering the packets in the new environment? Thanks for your help.

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  • How to add commands of windows to local shell of XShell 4

    - by dylanninin
    XShell is a very powerful tools to ssh remote computers such as Unix/Linux. And it has built some internal commands for you to run within your Windows. Xshell:\> help Internal Commands: new: Creates a new session. open: Opens a session or the session dialog box. edit: Opens the Session Property dialog box for a session. list: Lists information of all available sessions. 'ls' and 'dir' do the same. cd: Changes the current working directory. clear: Clears the screen/address/command history. help: Displays this help. '?' does the same. quit: Quits Local Shell. 'exit' does the same. ssh: Connects to a host using the SSH protocol. telnet: Connects to a host using the TELNET protocol. rlogin: Connects to a host using the RLOGIN protocol. sftp: Connects to a host to transfer files securely. ftp: Connects to a host to transfer files. External Commands: ipconfig: Configures TCP/IP network interfaces. ping: Sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts. tracert: Prints the route packets take to network host. netstat: Displays current protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections. nslookup: Resolves a hostname to IP address. For more information, type 'help command' for each command. ex) help telnet But these commands are limited, so how to add commands of windows to local shell of XShell 4

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  • Secondary IP (eth0:0) acts like main server IP

    - by George Tasioulis
    I have a CentOS server, configured with 4 consecutive IPs: eth0 5.x.x.251 eth0:0 5.x.x.252 eth0:1 5.x.x.253 eth0:2 5.x.x.254 The problem is that all traffic goes out to the internet with eth0:0 (5.x.x.252) as the source IP, instead of eth0. # curl ifconfig.me 5.x.x.252 How can I fix this, so that all traffic goes out via eth0, ie my main IP? PS: My server is VPS running on a Xen dom0, the latter being configured in routed mode networking. Thanks in advance! Server configuration # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.251 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: fe80::x:x:x:x/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14675569 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9463227 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4122016502 (3.8 GiB) TX bytes:25959110751 (24.1 GiB) Interrupt:23 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.252 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.253 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.254 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 # cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 5.x.x.251 [fqdn] [hostname] # cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=5.x.x.251 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 SCOPE="peer 5.x.y.82" # cat ifcfg-eth0:0 DEVICE=eth0:0 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=5.x.x.252 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 # cat route-eth0 ADDRESS0=0.0.0.0 NETMASK0=0.0.0.0 GATEWAY0=5.x.y.82 # netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 5.x.y.82 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 5.x.x.224 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 5.x.y.82 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

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  • Configuring vlans on Cisco SG200 series switch with Ubuntu server

    - by nixnotwin
    I created a vlan on Ubuntu with vconfig tool with 21 as id and eth1 as the host port. I connected eth1 to one of the ports on the swtich (GE23) as all ports trunk by default. In the webgui I created a vlan named test with the id 21 and I made GE2 are port as an access port. In port to vlan mapping I selected vlan 21 and added it port GE2 by selecting untagged option. I have assigned 192.168.1.1/24 as the ip of eth1.21 on Ubuntu. If I connect another cleint pc to GE2 port with a ip of 192.168.1.2/24 I cannot ping the server ip (192.168.1.1/24). Ping from server to client also does not work. I inspected packets that are sent out eth1 on the server and I could see the vlan 21 tag. And I connect the other end of the cable to a different Linux pc and inspected the packets but no vlan tags can be seen. What could be preventing me from getting vlans working? Edit 1 screenshots:

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  • Cisco QoS Guidence

    - by Kyle Brandt
    I have a 10M connection to the internet that is hooked into a 100M port. I am getting started with QoS, and am hopping for a little guidance on setting it up on a Cisco 3825 router. Right now I am going forward with the idea that I have to implement it on my router, and the provider can't provide QoS for me. How I envision it working is that the QoS will drop or queue packets on my router and that will help prevent a situation where the provider has to start dropping a lot of packets. Right now all I am tasked with is making sure that one of the 3 LANs gets a certain slice (say 3M for Gig Lan1) of the 10M internet connection (But ideally this will be more flexible in the Future). 10M Internet on 100M port on HWIC-4ESW +-----------------------+ | | Gig Lan1 | Cisco 3825 | Lan3 on HWIC-4ESW | | +-----------------------+ Gig Lan2 I need to learn more about QoS, but having a target technology and maybe example configuration will help me wrap my head around the reading I am doing a little more. Which Cisco QoS Technology do you recommend for this particular situation? Have a basic sample config of how this might work? Right now the 10M line is not congested, so this more to have something in place in case it starts to become mildly congested in the future.

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  • Difference between "traceroute" and "traceroute -U"

    - by AndiDog
    The manpage of traceroute says that the "-U" parameter (UDP probing) is the default, but I'm getting different results every time. With "-U": traceroute -U www.univ-paris1.fr traceroute to www.univ-paris1.fr (193.55.96.121), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets [...] 13 rap-vl165-te3-2-jussieu-rtr-021.noc.renater.fr (193.51.181.101) 59.445 ms 56.924 ms 56.651 ms [...] 18 * paris1web.univ-paris1.fr (193.55.96.121) 23.797 ms 23.603 ms but the normal traceroute gives me another result (never reaches the final node) - it's either "!X" or just exits after the maximum of 30 hops: traceroute www.univ-paris1.fr traceroute to www.univ-paris1.fr (193.55.96.121), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets [...] 11 te1-1-paris1-rtr-021.noc.renater.fr (193.51.189.38) 28.147 ms 28.250 ms 28.538 ms [... non-responding nodes ...] 28 site-1.03-jussieu.rap.prd.fr (195.221.126.58) 85.941 ms !X * * Note: I tried this very often and always get the same results. The path in my local network is always the same. So what does the "-U" parameter actually change here? I'm especially interested what the reason for "!X" could be (communication administratively prohibited). EDIT: If that helps, paris-traceroute gives me the following for the last hop: 14 P(1, 6) site-1.03-jussieu.rap.prd.fr (195.221.126.58) 34.938 ms !5 !T2 which means that node discards the packet with TTL=2 and returns an unknown message (not "destination unreachable" or the like).

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  • Networking lost after update from Debian Wheezy to Jessie

    - by Charaf
    I am currently setting a Virtual Machine for development purposes. I did a big part of this configuration under Wheezy, but I need some debs that were available only on Jessie. So, I've updated the sources.list and did a dist-upgrade. Everything went well, but after the reboot, I noticed that I lost all the networking. Repositories are unreachable, as well as a simple ping google.fr returns nothing. What can I do to quickly restore networking so that I can continue my working. I have a poor connexion and can not afford to download the whole install DVDs. root@vm~# ifconfig lo Link encap:Boucle locale inet adr:127.0.0.1 Masque:255.0.0.0 adr inet6::1/128 Scope:Hôte UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric 1 RX packets:452 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:452 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:0 RX bytes:164238 (160.3 KiB) TX bytes:164238 (160.3 KiB) root@vm~# I am running VMware 1.0.1 build 1379776 and the last update of Jessie (debian 3.14.4-1) Please help. Thanks.

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  • ProCurve 1800 switch issue

    - by user98651
    I recently deployed ProCurve 1800-24G switches in place of some older ProCurve 2424M switches in my network. However, I'm having a serious problem with the switch connected to the router. It seems, every night when our Windows 2008 R2 server (off site) runs a backup to a iSCSI target (on site) [facilitated through a PPTP tunnel] the LAN loses connectivity with the router. To clarify, there is only one router which is connected to the switch affected by this problem. The only way to resolve the issue is to either reboot the router or pull the ethernet cable that goes to the router and plug it back in. During the outage, clients cannot receive DHCP requests, DNS requests, ping, or do anything else with the router in this state. Now, neither the switch or router are configured extensively and the issue only seems to have surfaced with the new switch in place. I have tried a number of things including replacing cables, rebooting and checking the switch configuration (it is literally as basic as you can get at this point-- flat LAN, no trunking). Interestingly, the router shows (accessed externally) no changes in configuration or status during this state but similarly cannot ping or access other hosts on the network. This issue occurs in different stages of backup (ie, different amounts transferred). I've also dumped packets from the switch into WireShark but cannot seem to find any anomaly yet (I'm looking at packets around the time the issue appeared and at the time when I reset the NIC). Any suggestions for what to look for? Ideas on what could be causing this? I'm seeing some transmit/receive errors on the NIC from both the router and switch side but nothing serious when compared to the total packet counts. I'm seriously doubting hardware at this point, as I have tried another switch, different cables, and a different NIC on the router.

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  • Windows 7 machine, can't connect remotely until after ping

    - by rjohnston
    I have a Windows 7 (Home Premium) machine that doubles as a media centre and subversion server. There's a couple of problems with this setup, when connecting to the server from an XP (SP3) machine: Firstly, the machine won't respond to it's machine name until after it's IP address has been pinged. Here's an example: Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping damascus Ping request could not find host damascus. Please check the name and try again. C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping 192.168.1.17 Pinging 192.168.1.17 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.17: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=128 ... Ping statistics for 192.168.1.17: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 1ms C:\Documents and Settings\Rob>ping damascus Pinging damascus [192.168.1.17] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.17: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 .... Ping statistics for 192.168.1.17: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms C:\Documents and Settings\Rob> Likewise, subversion commands with either the machine name or IP address will fail until the machine's IP address is pinged. Occasionally, the machine won't respond to pings on it's IP address, it'll just come back with "Request timed out". The svn server is VisualSVN, if that helps... Any ideas?

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  • Pinging an external server through OpenVPN tunnel doesn’t work

    - by qdii
    I have an OpenVPN server and a client, and I want to use this tunnel to access not only 10.0.8.0/24 but the whole internet. So far, pinging the server from the client through the tun0 interface works, and vice versa. However, pinging www.google.com from the client through tun0 doesn’t work (all packets are lost). I figured that I should configure the server so that any packet coming from tun0 in destination of the internet be forwarded, so I came up with this iptables config line: interface_connecting_to_the_internet='eth0' interface_openvpn='tun0' internet_ip_address=`ifconfig "$interface_connecting_to_the_internet" | sed -n s'/.*inet \([0-9.]*\).*/\1/p'` iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o "${interface_connecting_to_the_internet}" -j SNAT --to-source "${internet_ip_address}" echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Yet, this doesn’t work, the packets are still lost and I am wondering what could possibly be wrong with my setup. Some details: ip route gives on the server: default via 176.31.127.254 dev eth0 metric 3 10.8.0.0/24 via 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 10.8.0.2 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.1 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo 176.31.127.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 176.31.127.109 ip route gives on the client: default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlan0 proto static 10.8.0.1 via 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 10.8.0.5 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.6 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo scope link 192.168.1.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.109 client uses wifi adapter wlan0 and TUN adapter tun0. server uses ethernet adapter eth0 and TUN adapter tun0. the VPN spans on 10.0.8.0/24 both client and linux are using Linux 3.6.1.

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  • Finding cause of TCP retransmission within a LAN

    - by Surreal
    Hello denizens of Server Fault I have an irritating problem with a LAN of about 100 computers, 2 Windows domain servers, and 12 VoIP phones. Since their installation around a year ago, every week or so, we notice a VoIP phone resetting itself - occasionally in the middle of a call. Simultaneously there are often signs of temporary loss of connection on computers: freezes in explorer while accessing network shares, errors in our administration software due to loss of connection to the database server. I have been doing some Wireshark monitoring on the connection between the VoIP PBX and the rest of the network. Wireshark picks up a clump of retransmitted TCP packets at the times when we record phone restarts. The Wireshark log shows about 2 clusters of retransmissions a day ranging from 5 packets to hundreds. Those in each cluster are mainly between the PBX and some set of the VoIP phones, but not always the same set. Often retransmissions at the same time are to phones connected to the same switch, but sometimes retransmissions occur together to phones at opposite ends of the network. There are usually some coincident retransmissions in passing TCP traffic, for example between client machines and the file servers. The spikes in retransmissions and phone resets do not correlate well with when the network is heavily loaded. They seem to occur slightly more during the day, but most in the evening, when traffic should be decreasing. They occur reasonably often late at night when most computers are turned off and traffic should be lowest. Do you have any ideas that might help diagnose the cause of problems like this? One thing I have not yet tried, but should have, is updating the firmware of all the switches.

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