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  • How to make pytest display a custom string representation for fixture parameters?

    - by Björn Pollex
    When using builtin types as fixture parameters, pytest prints out the value of the parameters in the test report. For example: @fixture(params=['hello', 'world'] def data(request): return request.param def test_something(data): pass Running this with py.test --verbose will print something like: test_example.py:7: test_something[hello] PASSED test_example.py:7: test_something[world] PASSED Note that the value of the parameter is printed in square brackets after the test name. Now, when using an object of a user-defined class as parameter, like so: class Param(object): def __init__(self, text): self.text = text @fixture(params=[Param('hello'), Param('world')] def data(request): return request.param def test_something(data): pass pytest will simply enumerate the number of values (p0, p1, etc.): test_example.py:7: test_something[p0] PASSED test_example.py:7: test_something[p1] PASSED This behavior does not change even when the user-defined class provides custom __str__ and __repr__ implementations. Is there any way to make pytest display something more useful than just p0 here? I am using pytest 2.5.2 on Python 2.7.6 on Windows 7.

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  • reading csv file without for

    - by Abruzzo Forte e Gentile
    Hi All I need to read a CSV file in python. Since for last row I receive a 'NULL byte' error I would like to avoid using for keyword but the while. Do you know how to do that? reader = csv.reader( file ) for row in reader # I have an error at this line # do whatever with row I want to substitute the for-loop with a while-loop so that I can check if the row is NULL or not. What is the function for reading a single row in the CSV module? Thanks Thanks p.S. below the traceback Traceback (most recent call last): File "FetchNeuro_TodayTrades.py", line 189, in for row in reader: _csv.Error: line contains NULL byte

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  • Why are C, C++, and LISP so prevalent in embedded devices and robots?

    - by David
    It seems that the software language skills most sought for embedded devices and robots are C, C++, and LISP. Why haven't more recent languages made inroads into these applications? For example, Erlang would seem particularly well-suited to robotic applications, since it makes concurrent programming easier and allows hot swapping of code. Python would seem to be useful, if for no other reason than its support of multiple programming paradigms. I'm even surprised that Java hasn't made a foray into general robotic programming. I'm sure one argument would be, "Some newer languages are interpreted, not compiled" - implying that compiled languages are quicker and use fewer computational resources. Is this still the case, in a time when we can put a Java Virtual Machine on a cell phone or a SunSpot? (and isn't LISP interpreted anyway?)

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  • HTTP Download very Big File

    - by Luca
    I'm working at a web application in Python/Twisted. I want the user to be able to download a very big file ( 100 Mb). I don't want to load all the file in memory (of the server), of course. server side I have this idea: ... request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain') fp = open(fileName, 'rb') try: r = None while r != '': r = fp.read(1024) request.write(r) finally: fp.close() request.finish() I expected this to work, but I have problems: I'm testing with FF... It seems the browser make me wait until the file is completed downloaded, and then I have the open/save dialog box. I expected the dialog box immediately, and then the progress bar in action... Maybe I have to add something in the Http header... Something like the size of the file?

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  • Merging contents of two lists based on a if-loop

    - by chavanak
    I have a minor problem while checking for elements in a list: I have two files with contents something like this file 1: file2: 47 358 47 48 450 49 49 56 50 I parsed both files into two lists and used the following code to check for i in file_1: for j in file_2: j = j.split() if i == j[1]: x=' '.join(j) I am now trying to get a "0" if the value of file_1 is not there in file_2 for example, value "48" is not there is file_2 so I need to get the output like (with only one space in between the two numbers): output_file: 358 47 0 48 450 49 56 50 I tried using the dictionary approach but I didn't quite get what I wanted (actually I don't know how to use dictionary in python correctly ;)). Any help will be great.

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  • What is the pythonic way to add type information to an object's attributes?

    - by Tikitu
    I'm building classes where I know the types of the attributes, but Python of course doesn't. While it's un-pythonic to want to tell it, supposing I do want to, is there an idiomatic way to do so? Why: I'm reading in serialised data (without type information) involving objects-nested-inside-objects. It's easy to put it into nested dictionaries, but I want it in objects of my class-types, to get the right behaviours as well as the data. For instance: suppose my class Book has an attribute isbn which I will fill with an ISBNumber object. My serialised data gives me the isbn as a string; I would like to be able to look at Book and say "That field should be filled by ISBNumber(theString)." Bonus glee for me if the solution can be applied to classes I get from someone else without editing their code.

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  • Pyserial : How to send data to drive SIPO

    - by bino oetomo
    Dear All .. I'm learning to drive a stepper motor with Python. It's hard now to find a PC with paralel port. So My plan is using a USB-Serial .. and a SIPO (serial in parallel out) shift register circuit. As you know with this circuit we need to send a binary data in series and this data will be stored in it's register. Next we need to send another one pulse to make it shift the data out to the out-port. How to do it using pyserial ? Sincerely -bino-

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  • Simple graphics API with transparency, polygons, reading image pixels?

    - by M. Elkstein
    I need a simple graphics library that supports the following functionality: Ability to draw polygons (not just rectangles!) with RGBA colors (i.e., partially transparent), Ability to load bitmap images, Ability to read current color of pixel in a given coordinate. Ideally using JavaScript or Python. Seems like HTML 5 Canvas can handle #2 and #3 but not #1, whereas SVG can handle #1 and #2 but not #3. Am I missing something (about either of these two)? Or are there other alternatives?

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  • Hot to log in to a website using installed twill?

    - by brilliant
    Hello, everybody!!!! I have just successfully installed TWILL on my computer with the help of one very supportive member of "StackOverflow" (you can check it out HERE) and have tried to run one of the simple examples on the twill documentation page (you can see that page HERE). Here is that example: Let's say my username on www.slash.org is lynxye and my password is mammal. When I try to enter that exanple code into my Python prompt, I can only enter the first line of the code bexcause when I click on "Enter" to start a new line, I get some error messages right away: The same happens when I try to enter this code into my terminal: I think I miss out on some basics here. Perhaps, I need to create a file that would contain that code and then run that file somehow, but I really don't know where I need to create that file and with what extensdion. Can anyone, please, help me with this?

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  • Unwanted behaviour from dict.fromkeys

    - by Anthony Labarre
    Hi there, I'd like to initialise a dictionary of sets (in Python 2.6) using dict.fromkeys, but the resulting structure behaves strangely. More specifically: >>>> x = {}.fromkeys(range(10), set([])) >>>> x {0: set([]), 1: set([]), 2: set([]), 3: set([]), 4: set([]), 5: set([]), 6: set([]), 7: set([]), 8: set([]), 9: set([])} >>>> x[5].add(3) >>>> x {0: set([3]), 1: set([3]), 2: set([3]), 3: set([3]), 4: set([3]), 5: set([3]), 6: set([3]), 7: set([3]), 8: set([3]), 9: set([3])} I obviously don't want to add 3 to all sets, only to the set that corresponds to x[5]. Of course, I can avoid the problem by initialising x without fromkeys, but I'd like to understand what I'm missing here.

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  • Which technology(s) / language(s) to write linux web application/service? [closed]

    - by Lee Tickett
    I am currently playing with some open source home automation software www.domotiga.nl The software is built in Gambas2 (a graphical programming language similar to visual basic). I am considering building something similar or porting domotiga to a server based application/service. The application would need a web front end and i will likely be developing in debian (arm). But i'm not sure if php or python are suitable for server based applications which need to be always running (collecting data etc) rather than just running when accessed. Which technology(s) / language(s) would you suggest i look into? I used to do a lot of Visual Basic, then VB.NET, now C# and have played with php a few years back- but don't really want this to sway the decision too much as i should be able to pickup whatever language if i decide to proceed.

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  • Opinions about Dabo

    - by driverate
    Has anyone used Dabo lately? How does it rate vs Boa Constructor, etc? I'm writing a new Python database app and Dabo looks promising, but what's the real-world scoop on it? Is it used by many developers? It's not talked about very much here on SO, or anywhere, as far as I can tell. I'm just a little concerned that the support community might be too small, or the possibility that writers might decide to throw in the towel. What is your assessment of Dabo?

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  • Access to an "upper" instance of a class from another instance of a different class

    - by BorrajaX
    Hello everyone! I have a tricky question and probably what I want to do is not even possible but... who knows... Python seems very flexible and powerful... I'd like to know if there's a way to access to the class (or its fields) where an object is instanciated. Let's say I have: def Class1: def __init__(self): self.title = "randomTitle" self.anotherField = float() self.class2Field = Class2() and the class whose type will be the class2Field: def Class2: def __init__(self): self.field1 = "" self.field2 = "" # . . . # I'd like to know if there's a way to access the instance of Class1 from the instance of Class2 that is declared in Class1 (meaning, accessing the fields of Class1 from the variable self.class2Field in that Class1 instance) I know I can always change the init in Class2 to accept a Class1 parameter, but I'd like to know if there's another way of "climbing" through the class hierachy... Thank you very much!

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  • How to handle date difference between client and server?

    - by daydreamer
    I have an API which looks like /summary/yyyy/mm Which returns the summary of their data for the year and month requested. One of the things it returns the number of days left if this is current year and month. For example: days_left: 9 for 2013 and 10 and current date on server is 21 Oct 2013 How I calculate remaining days? This is implemented in python as def current_financial_month_details(self): time_from, time_to = self \ .get_start_end_time_current_financial_month() today = datetime.today() from_time = datetime(year=today.year, month=today.month, day=today.day) return { 'time_from': time_from, 'time_to': time_to, 'remaining_days': (time_to - from_time).days } The problem? The server is in east coast and the client(me with browser) is on pacific time zone When its 9PM PST the time changes in east coast, so if I run hit /summary/2013/10 and if it is Oct 21 2013 for me on PST, the date has already changed on EST, so days_left: 8 which is incorrect on client end. right? How do I handle this situation?

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  • SDL/Pygame failing to load PNG images with cx_Freeze

    - by jjackson
    I'm running Python 3.1 on Windows and I'm trying to distribute my Pygame script as an executable via cx_Freeze. Right now it seems to be working except that the exe build can't load any of my images: Cannot load image: C:\path\to\build\exe.win32-3.1\resources\image.png File is not a Windows BMP file Googling has revealed that this happens when the SDL imaging library doesn't get included correctly. However, SDL_image.dll and libpng12-0.dll are both put by cx_Freeze into my build directory, so it seems to me like everything should be fine. Why wouldn't it be able to load PNG images?

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  • Difficulties with Django on Google App Engine

    - by Rosarch
    I have a Django project that works fine. I'm trying to import it to Google App Engine. I run it on the dev server, and I get an import error: ImportError at / No module named mysite.urls This is the folder structure of mysite/: app.yaml <DIR> myapp index.yaml main.py manage.py <DIR> media settings.py urls.py __init__.py app.yaml: application: mysite version: 1 runtime: python api_version: 1 handlers: - url: .* script: main.py from settings.py: ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls' What am I doing wrong?

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  • Fastest way to find the rotation of a vector

    - by kriss
    I have two 2D vectors, say u and v, defined by cartesian coordinates. Imagine that vectors are needles of a clock. I'm looking for the fastest way to find out, using python, if v is after or before u (or in other words find out in wich half plane is v, regarding to position of u). For the purpose of the problem if vectors are aligned answer should be before. It seems easy using some trigonometry, but I believe there should be a faster way using coordinates only. My test case: def after(u, v): """code here""" after((4,2), (6, 1)) : True after((4,2), (3, 3)) : False after((4,2), (2, 1)) : False after((4,2), (3, -3)) : True after((4,2), (-2, -5)) : True after((4,2), (-4, -2)) : False

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  • "Introduction to Computer Science and Programming" for a beginner.

    - by Richard
    Hi everyone! Im new here and also new to developing software and programming, and with new I mean 0 experience or schooling for it. As Im currently studying medicine via internet and I use a computer on an average of about 8-9 hours a day, this has lead me to get very interested in programming. I got a link from a fellow Redditor and I got some questions before I dive into this project. http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-00Fall-2008/CourseHome/index.htm Is this too much/hard for a beginner? Is Python™ programming language the way to go or would I be better off learning some other kind of language to begin with? What other ways of learning basic programming by myself is there? Are there any better ways for a complete beginner to start off? Thank you for your time!

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  • How to validate a bunch of proxies against a URL?

    - by NJTechGuy
    I have a list of 100 proxies. The URL I am interested in is abc.com. I want to check the number of proxies which can successfully fetch this URL and the time taken for the same. I am hoping I made sense. I am a Python noob. I am looking for a code snippet. A helping hand is really appreciated :) Proxies : 200.43.54.212 200.43.54.212 200.43.54.212 200.43.54.212 URL : abc.com Desired result : Proxy isGood Time 200.43.54.112 n 23.12 200.43.54.222 n 12.34 200.43.54.102 y 11.09 200.43.54.111 y 8.85 p.s : All the above proxies have ports either 80 or 8080

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  • Globals across modules

    - by Coder1
    Wow, this seems so basic, but I can't get it to work. All I need to do is store a global dict which can be accessed and modified from other modules & threads. What's the "best practices" way of achieving this? test.py import testmodule class MyClassA(): def __init__(self, id): self.id = id if __name__ == '__main__': global classa_dict classa_dict = {} classa_dict[1] = MyClassA(1) classa_dict[2] = MyClassA(2) testing = testmodule.TestModule() testmodule.py class TestModule(): def __init__(self): global classa_dict print classa_dict[2] output $ python test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 13, in <module> testing = testmodule.TestModule() File "/path/to/project/testmodule.py", line 4, in __init__ print classa_dict[2] NameError: global name 'classa_dict' is not defined

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  • Protobuf compiler for several languages

    - by Stipa
    Hi, In my project I have components written on Python, ObjectiveC and J2ME. I want to use protobuf as data interchange format. However, there are one issue I need to resolve. Google implementation doesn't support ObjC and J2ME. There are 3rd party implementations that supports those languages. But I really don't want to be depended of several protoc implementations. What is the best way for me to have protobufs for several languages? Do I need to use different compilers or there is other option? Thanks, -Lev

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  • Inspiration and influence of the else clause of loop statements?

    - by Aristide
    Python offers an optional loop-else clause which is executed if and only if the loop is not terminated by a break. (In other words, the condition fails for a while-loop or the iterator is exhausted for a for-loop.) Does this loop-else construct originate from another language? (Either theoretical or actually implemented.) Has it been taken up in any newer language? Maybe I should ask the former of Guido, but surely he is too busy for such a futile inquiry. ;-) Related discussion and examples: Pythonic ways to use ‘else’ in a for loop

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  • Can't remove first node in linked list

    - by carlmonday
    I'm trying to make a linked list class in python (pointless I know, but it's a learning exercise), and the method I have written to remove a node doesn't work if I try to remove the first element of the linked list. If the node to be removed is anywhere else in the linked list the method works fine. Can someone give me some insight as to where I've gone wrong? Here's my code thus far: class Node: def __init__(self, data=None, next=None): self.data = data self.next = next def __repr__(self): return repr(self.data) def printNodes(self): while self: print self.data self = self.next def removeNode(self, datum): """removes node from linked list""" if self.data == datum: return self.next while self.next: if self.next.data == datum: self.next = self.next.next return self self = self.next

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  • How do I do import hooks in IronPython/Silverlight?

    - by ahlatimer
    I'm extending TryPython to (along with various other things) allow users to save a file and subsequently import that file. TryPython overloads the built in file operations, so I need to know what parts of import need to hooked into in order for import to use the overloaded file operations. Really, a basic overview of IronPython's import when used in Silverlight would be extremely helpful. I don't need a complete working solution (although I won't stop you from writing one! :). I'm a Python newbie, and I really have no idea where to even begin. Thanks!

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  • Best tools to create valid XML files from an Excel file

    - by systempuntoout
    I need to create a script that extracts some data from a complex Excel 2003 file (with multiple Sheets and different tables inside a single sheet) and produces different XML files that need to be validated against a given XSD file. My preferred language is Python; to create and validate XML files i would go with lxml. What do you suggest for parsing XSL files? Is xlrd the right tool to use for complex Excel files? Or do i need to convert all the sheets in CSV manually, and read files line by line, splitting and getting data? I accept C#, VB6 suggestions too.

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