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• Where is the Open Source alternative to WPF?

  - by Evan Plaice

  If we've learned anything from HTML/CSS it's that, declarative languages (like XML) work best to describe User Interfaces because: It's easy to build code preprocessors that can template the code effectively. The code is in a well defined well structured (ideally) format so it's easy to parse. The technology to effectively parse or crawl an XML based source file already exists. The UIs scripted code becomes much simpler and easier to understand. It simple enough that designers are able to design the interface themselves. Programmers suck at creating UIs so it should be made easy enough for designers. I recently took a look at the meat of a WPF application (ie. the XAML) and it looks surprisingly familiar to the declarative language style used in HTML. It's blindingly apparent to me that the current state of desktop UI development is largely fractionalized, otherwise there wouldn't be so much duplicated effort in the domain of user interfaces (IE. GTK, XUL, Qt, Winforms, WPF, etc). There are 45 GUI platforms for Python alone It's painfully obvious to me that there should be a general purpose, open source, standardized, platform independent, markup language for designing desktop GUIs. Much like what the W3C made HTML/CSS into. WPF, or more specifically XAML seems like a pretty likely step in the right direction. Why hasn't anyone in the Open Source community (AFAIK) even scratched the surface of this issue. Now that the 'browser wars' are over should we look forward to a future of 'desktop gui wars?' Note: This topic is relatively subjective in the attempt to be 'future-thinking.' I think that desktop GUI development in its current state sucks ((really)hard) and, even though WPF is still in it's infancy, it presents a likely solution to the problem. Has no one in the OS community looked into developing something similar because they don't see the value, or because it's not worth the effort?

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• Jboss 6 Cluster Singleton Clustered

  - by DanC

  I am trying to set up a Jboss 6 in a clustered environment, and use it to host clustered stateful singleton EJBs. So far we succesfully installed a Singleton EJB within the cluster, where different entrypoints to our application (through a website deployed on each node) point to a single environment on which the EJB is hosted (thus mantaining the state of static variables). We achieved this using the following configuration: Bean interface: @Remote public interface IUniverse { ... } Bean implementation: @Clustered @Stateful public class Universe implements IUniverse { private static Vector<String> messages = new Vector<String>(); ... } jboss-beans.xml configuration: <deployment xmlns="urn:jboss:bean-deployer:2.0"> <!-- This bean is an example of a clustered singleton --> <bean name="Universe" class="Universe"> </bean> <bean name="UniverseController" class="org.jboss.ha.singleton.HASingletonController"> <property name="HAPartition"><inject bean="HAPartition"/></property> <property name="target"><inject bean="Universe"/></property> <property name="targetStartMethod">startSingleton</property> <property name="targetStopMethod">stopSingleton</property> </bean> </deployment> The main problem for this implementation is that, after the master node (the one that contains the state of the singleton EJB) shuts down gracefuly, the Singleton's state is lost and reset to default. Please note that everything was constructed following the JBoss 5 Clustering documents, as no JBoss 6 documents were found on this subject. Any information on how to solve this problem or where to find JBoss 6 documention on clustering is appreciated.

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• Which book should I pick to improve my program designs/design patterns?

  - by zxcvbnm

  I want to learn about design patterns and from what I've seen the most recommended ones are the Gang of Four's Design Patterns and Head First Design Patterns. There are also language specific books, but I never see them recommended. I suppose it ties you to whatever strengths/weaknesses are inherent to each language, so not a good idea to learn design patterns in general. The Gang of Four's book is kinda old, so I'm wondering if there isn't a better alternative out today? I've heard the Heard First one isn't quite as good. But I'm not sure why, so it's really hard to pick either one. I've see some answers on this very site recommending both, but if I can only read one, which should I pick? I've been coding for 3+ years, though I've never had a good class on this subject. Also, would a book like Code Complete help me with this? One more thing: how often are these techniques supposed to be useful? For example, this question has me wondering if this stuff is worth the trouble. And please, tell me more than just "read x". I'd like to know why you're suggesting x.

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• How to call a function from another class file

  - by Guy Parker

  I am very familiar with writing VB based applications but am new to Xcode (and Objective C). I have gone through numerous tutorials on the web and understand the basics and how to interact with Interface Builder etc. However, I am really struggling with some basic concepts of the C language and would be grateful for any help you can offer. Heres my problem… I have a simple iphone app which has a view controller (FirstViewController) and a subview (SecondViewController) with associated header and class files. In the FirstViewController.m have a function defined @implementation FirstViewController (void) writeToServer:(const uint8_t ) buf { [oStream write:buf maxLength:strlen((char)buf)]; } It doesn't really matter what the function is. I want to use this function in my SecondViewController, so in SecondViewController.m I import FirstViewController.h import "SecondViewController.h" import "FirstViewController.h" @implementation SecondViewController -(IBAction) SetButton: (id) sender { NSString *s = [@"Fill:" stringByAppendingString: FillLevelValue.text]; NSString *strToSend = [s stringByAppendingString: @":"]; const uint8_t *str = (uint8_t *) [strToSend cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; FillLevelValue.text = strToSend; [FirstViewController writeToServer:str]; } This last line is where my problem is. XCode tells me that FirstViewController may not respond to writeToServer. And when I try to run the application it crashes when this function is called. I guess I don't fully understand how to share functions and more importantly, the relationship between classes. In an ideal world I would create a global class to place my functions in and call them as required. Any advice gratefully received.

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• How are declared private ivars different from synthesized ivars?

  - by lemnar

  I know that the modern Objective-C runtime can synthesize ivars. I thought that synthesized ivars behaved exactly like declared ivars that are marked @private, but they don't. As a result, come code compiles only under the modern runtime that I expected would work on either. For example, a superclass: @interface A : NSObject { #if !__OBJC2__ @private NSString *_c; #endif } @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *d; @end @implementation A @synthesize d=_c; - (void)dealloc { [_c release]; [super dealloc]; } @end and a subclass: @interface B : A { #if !__OBJC2__ @private NSString *_c; #endif } @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *e; @end @implementation B @synthesize e=_c; - (void)dealloc { [_c release]; [super dealloc]; } @end A subclass can't have a declared ivar with the same name as one of its superclass's declared ivars, even if the superclass's ivar is private. This seems to me like a violation of the meaning of @private, since the subclass is affected by the superclass's choice of something private. What I'm more concerned about, however, is how should I think about synthesized ivars. I thought they acted like declared private ivars, but without the fragile base class problem. Maybe that's right, and I just don't understand the fragile base class problem. Why does the above code compile only in the modern runtime? Does the fragile base class problem exist when all superclass instance variables are private?

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• Abstract base class puzzle

  - by 0x80

  In my class design I ran into the following problem: class MyData { int foo; }; class AbstraktA { public: virtual void A() = 0; }; class AbstraktB : public AbstraktA { public: virtual void B() = 0; }; template<class T> class ImplA : public AbstraktA { public: void A(){ cout << "ImplA A()"; } }; class ImplB : public ImplA<MyData>, public AbstraktB { public: void B(){ cout << "ImplB B()"; } }; void TestAbstrakt() { AbstraktB *b = (AbstraktB *) new ImplB; b->A(); b->B(); }; The problem with the code above is that the compiler will complain that AbstraktA::A() is not defined. Interface A is shared by multiple objects. But the implementation of A is dependent on the template argument. Interface B is the seen by the outside world, and needs to be abstrakt. The reason I would like this is that it would allow me to define object C like this: Define the interface C inheriting from abstrakt A. Define the implementation of C using a different datatype for template A. I hope I'm clear. Is there any way to do this, or do I need to rethink my design?

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• How to copy generically superclass instances to subclass instances?

  - by gerry

  Hi @all, I have a class hierarchy / inheritance like this: public class A { private String name; // with getters & setters public void doAWithName(){ ... } } public class B extends A { public void doBWithName(){ // a differnt implementation to what I do in class A } } public class C extends B { public void doCWithName(){ // a differnt implementation to what I do in class A and B } } So at one time there is a instance of class A with the initialized field "name". Later I want this instance of A get wrapped into instance of B or C. So the superclasses should be get wrapped with a subclass! How can I make this most efficent with respect to DRY? I've thought about a constructor that does some copying with the getters/setters. But in this case I have to repeat myself - and this doesn't respect anymore to my initial requirement of DRY! So, how can I warp A to B by just initializing B's new fields (with default values) and delegating the rest to a method in A (which knows more than B about which fields of A should be accessed...). In the same way: If A should be wrapped into C only a method in c should init C's 'new' fields, delegate to B's wrap method (which therefore inits B's 'new' fields in C) and at last B delegates to A which copies it's fields to the fields of C). So in the end I have a new instance of C which has the values of A wrapped (and some default init values to the fields which the inheritance hierarchy has added).

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• How to efficiently compare the sign of two floating-point values while handling negative zeros

  - by François Beaune

  Given two floating-point numbers, I'm looking for an efficient way to check if they have the same sign, given that if any of the two values is zero (+0.0 or -0.0), they should be considered to have the same sign. For instance, SameSign(1.0, 2.0) should return true SameSign(-1.0, -2.0) should return true SameSign(-1.0, 2.0) should return false SameSign(0.0, 1.0) should return true SameSign(0.0, -1.0) should return true SameSign(-0.0, 1.0) should return true SameSign(-0.0, -1.0) should return true A naive but correct implementation of SameSign in C++ would be: bool SameSign(float a, float b) { if (fabs(a) == 0.0f || fabs(b) == 0.0f) return true; return (a >= 0.0f) == (b >= 0.0f); } Assuming the IEEE floating-point model, here's a variant of SameSign that compiles to branchless code (at least with with Visual C++ 2008): bool SameSign(float a, float b) { int ia = binary_cast<int>(a); int ib = binary_cast<int>(b); int az = (ia & 0x7FFFFFFF) == 0; int bz = (ib & 0x7FFFFFFF) == 0; int ab = (ia ^ ib) >= 0; return (az | bz | ab) != 0; } with binary_cast defined as follow: template <typename Target, typename Source> inline Target binary_cast(Source s) { union { Source m_source; Target m_target; } u; u.m_source = s; return u.m_target; } I'm looking for two things: A faster, more efficient implementation of SameSign, using bit tricks, FPU tricks or even SSE intrinsics. An efficient extension of SameSign to three values.

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• Is there a practical benefit to casting a NULL pointer to an object and calling one of its member fu

  - by zdawg

  Ok, so I know that technically this is undefined behavior, but nonetheless, I've seen this more than once in production code. And please correct me if I'm wrong, but I've also heard that some people use this "feature" as a somewhat legitimate substitute of a lacking aspect of the current C++ standard, namely, the inability to obtain the address (well, offset really) of a member function. For example, this is out of a popular implementation of a PCRE (Perl-compatible Regular Expression) library: #ifndef offsetof #define offsetof(p_type,field) ((size_t)&(((p_type *)0)->field)) #endif One can debate whether the exploitation of such a language subtlety in a case like this is valid or not, or even necessary, but I've also seen it used like this: struct Result { void stat() { if(this) // do something... else // do something else... } }; // ...somewhere else in the code... ((Result*)0)->stat(); This works just fine! It avoids a null pointer dereference by testing for the existence of this, and it does not try to access class members in the else block. So long as these guards are in place, it's legitimate code, right? So the question remains: Is there a practical use case, where one would benefit from using such a construct? I'm especially concerned about the second case, since the first case is more of a workaround for a language limitation. Or is it? PS. Sorry about the C-style casts, unfortunately people still prefer to type less if they can.

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• Android depth buffer issue: Advice for anyone experiencing problem

  - by Andrew Smith

  I've wasted around 30 hours this week writing and re-writing code, believing that I had misunderstood how the OpenGL depth buffer works. Everything I tried, failed. I have now resolved my problem by finding what may be an error in the Android implementation of OpenGL. See this API entry: http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glClearDepth.xml void glClearDepth(GLclampd depth); Specifies the depth value used when the depth buffer is cleared. The initial value is 1. Android's implementation has two versions of this command: glClearDepthx which takes an integer value, clamped 0-1 glClearDepthf which takes a floating point value, clamped 0-1 If you use glClearDepthf(1) then you get the results you would expect. If you use glClearDepthx(1), as I was doing then you get different results. (Note that 1 is the default value, but calling the command with the argument 1 produces different results than not calling it at all.) Quite what is happening I do not know, but the depth buffer was being cleared to a value different from what I had specified.

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• How should I organize my mvc templates?

  - by CatZ

  Hi, In the new version of MVC we have been given display and editor templates. I was wondering how to make the best possible use of these. I was at first thinking in the line of creating one for a collection and one for an item in the case I want to display either as a list or single but it does not really make sense to me. I'll show you what I mean and please comment if this is wrong. I have trouble figuring it out myself. <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<IEnumerable<DisplayPhoneModel>>" %> <% foreach (var item in Model){%> <%= Html.DisplayFor(x => item) %> <%}%> So in my tiny reality that would for every item in the model search for a display template for DisplayPhoneModel. That display template could then simply look like. <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<DisplayPhoneModel>" %> <%= Html.LabelFor(x => x.PhoneType) %>&nbsp;<%= Html.LabelFor(x => x.PhoneNumber) %> So, question is if there is a better way to handle this? Am I at all on the right path?

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• A Newbie question regarding Software Development

  - by Sharif

  Hi, I'm going to complete my B.pharm (Hons.) degree and, you know, I don't have much knowledge about programing. I was wondering to build a software on my own. Could you guys tell me what to learn first for that? Is it too hard for a student of other discipline to build a software? Let me know please. The software I want to make is like a dictionary (or more specifically like "Physician's Desk Reference"). It should find the generic name, company name, indication, price etc. of a drug when I enter the brand name and vice versa. To build a software like that what programing language could help me most and what (and how many) language should I learn first? In my country, there is no practice of Community pharmacy (most of the pharmacy stores are run by unskilled people), that's why this type of thing could help them sell drugs. Would you please tell me what I'm to do and how tough it is? I'm very keen to learn programming. Thanks in advance NB: I started this post in ASKREDDIT section but it seems that was not the right place for poll type question, so I post it again in this section

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• functions with same names in javascript

  - by biju

  Hi, I tried to write a function on a js file and another function with the same name in the page.I expected an error but no error came and i got only the function from the js file to execute.How is this possible.Even if i write a function in a separate js file,everything is rendered in a single html file.Then how come it is possible <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="JScript.js" /> <script language="javascript"> function Boo() { alert("Hai new"); } </script> <head runat="server"> <title></title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <asp:Button runat=server OnClientClick="Boo();" Text="Click" /> </div> </form> </body> and in the js file function Boo() { alert("Hai"); }

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• Google app engine: Poor Performance with JDO + Datastore

  - by Bosh

  I have a simple data model that includes USERS: store basic information (key, name, phone # etc) RELATIONS: describe, e.g. a friendship between two users (supplying a relationship_type + two user keys) I'm getting very poor performance, for instance, if I try to print the first names of all of a user's friends. Say the user has 500 friends: I can fetch the list of friend user_ids very easily in a single query. But then, to pull out first names, I have to do 500 back-and-forth trips to the Datastore, each of which seems to take on the order of 30 ms. If this were SQL, I'd just do a JOIN and get the answer out fast. I understand there are rudimentary facilities for performing joins across un-owned relations in a relaxed implementation of JDO (as described at http://gae-java-persistence.blogspot.com) but they sound experimental and non-standard (e.g. my code won't work in any other JDO implementation). Is this really my best bet? Otherwise, how do people extract satisfactory performance from JDO/Datastore in this kind of (very common) situation? -Bosh

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• about c# OBJECTS and the Possibilties it has.

  - by user527825

  As a novice programmer and i always wonder about c# capabilities.i know it is still early to judge that but all i want to know is can c# do complex stuffs or something outside windows OS. 1- I think c# is a proprietary language (i don't know if i said that right) meaning you can't do it outside visual studio or windows. 2-also you cant create your own controller(called object right?) like you are forced to use these available in toolbox and their properties and methods. 3-can c# be used with openGL API or DirectX API . 4-Finally it always bothers me when i think i start doing things in visual studio, i know it sounds arrogant to say but sometimes i feel that i don't like to be forced to use something even if its helpful, like i feel (do i have the right to feel?) that i want to do all things by myself? don't laugh i just feel that this will give me a better understanding. 5- is visual c# is like using MaxScript inside 3ds max in that c# is exclusive to do windows and forms and components that are windows related and maxscript is only for 3d editing and manipulation for various things in the software. If it is too difficult for a beginner i hope you don't answer the fourth question as i don't have enough motivation and i want to keep the little i have. thank you for your time. Note: 1-sorry for my English, i am self taught and never used the language with native speakers so expect so errors. 2-i have a lot of questions regarding many things, what is the daily ratio you think for asking (number of questions) that would not bother the admins of the site and the members here. thank you for your time.

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• Determine image src in onload and onerror event handlers in IE

  - by Bill

  How can I determine the image src of the image that triggered the event in the onload and onerror event handlers in IE? This example code I threw together: <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> function loadImages() { var goodImage = new Image(); var missingImage = new Image(); $(goodImage).bind('load', function(event){ $("#log").append( $(event.target).attr('src') + ' WAS FOUND <br>'); }); $(missingImage).bind('load', function(event){ $("#log").append( $(event.target).attr('src') + ' WAS FOUND <br>' ); }); $(goodImage).bind('error', function(event){ $("#log").append( $(event.target).attr('src') + ' IS MISSING <br>'); }); $(missingImage).bind('error', function(event){ $("#log").append( $(event.target).attr('src') + ' IS MISSING <br>'); }); goodImage.src = 'GOOD-IMAGE.GIF'; // this image exists missingImage.src = 'MISSING-IMAGE.GIF'; // this image doesn't exist } </script> </head> <body onload="loadImages();"> <div id="log"></div> works in FF but in IE8 it prints out undefined for the $(event.target).attr('src') part. I thought jQuery was supposed to normalize the event object for IE so that it acted like other browsers? I've tried a number of permutations but haven't been able to get anything to work in IE8. Anyway if anyone has a suggestion on how to figure out the image src in the onload and onerror event handlers that works in IE I would really appreciate it. Or even how to figure out after the images have loaded which have loaded and which haven't (but not graphically - I need to generate an array containing the filenames of the images that didn't load). Thanks!

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• Checking if Date is within Range

  - by Brett Powell

  So I am using a scripting language with c++ syntax, and trying to think of the best way to check if a date is within range. The problem I am running into is that if the current day is in a new month, the check is failing. Here is what my code looks like... if(iMonth >= iStartMonth && iMonth <= iEndMonth) { if(iDay >= iStartDay && iDay <= iEndDay) { if(iYear >= iStartYear && iYear <= iEndYear) { bEnabled = true; return; When I have something like this... (Pulled in from cfg file specified by client) Start date: 3 27 2010 End Date: 4 15 2010 Current Date: 3 31 2010 The day check fails because if(iDay <= iEndDay) does not pass. The scripting language doesn't have a lot of time related functions, and I cant compare timestamps because im allowing users to put like "03:27:2010" and "04:15:2010" as start/end dates in a config file. Im assuming I am just not thinking straight and missing an easy fix.

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• Loading Views dynamically

  - by Dann

  Case 1: I have created View-based sample application and tried execute below code. When I press on "Job List" button it should load another view having "Back Btn" on it. In test function, if I use [self.navigationController pushViewController:jbc animated:YES]; nothing gets loaded, but if I use [self presentModalViewController:jbc animated:YES]; it loads another view haveing "Back Btn" on it. Case 2: I did create another Navigation Based Applicaton and used [self.navigationController pushViewController:jbc animated:YES]; it worked as I wanted. Can someone please explain why it was not working in Case 1. Does it has something to do with type of project that is selected? @interface MWViewController : UIViewController { } -(void) test; @end @interface JobViewCtrl : UIViewController { } @end @implementation MWViewController (void)viewDidLoad { UIButton* btn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]; btn.frame = CGRectMake(80, 170, 150, 35); [btn setTitle:@"Job List!" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [btn addTarget:self action:@selector(test) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; [self.view addSubview:btn]; [super viewDidLoad]; } -(void) test { JobViewCtrl* jbc = [[JobViewCtrl alloc] init]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:jbc animated:YES]; //[self presentModalViewController:jbc animated:YES]; [jbc release]; } (void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; } @end @implementation JobViewCtrl -(void) loadView { self.view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor]; UIButton* btn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]; btn.frame = CGRectMake(80, 170, 150, 35); [btn setTitle:@"Back Btn!" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [self.view addSubview:btn]; } @end

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• Is there a pattern for initializing objects created wth a DI container

  - by Igor Zevaka

  I am trying to get Unity to manage the creation of my objects and I want to have some initialization parameters that are not known until run-time: At the moment the only way I could think of the way to do it is to have an Init method on the interface. interface IMyIntf { void Initialize(string runTimeParam); string RunTimeParam { get; } } Then to use it (in Unity) I would do this: var IMyIntf = unityContainer.Resolve<IMyIntf>(); IMyIntf.Initialize("somevalue"); In this scenario runTimeParam param is determined at run-time based on user input. The trivial case here simply returns the value of runTimeParam but in reality the parameter will be something like file name and initialize method will do something with the file. This creates a number of issues, namely that the Initialize method is available on the interface and can be called multiple times. Setting a flag in the implementation and throwing exception on repeated call to Initialize seems way clunky. At the point where I resolve my interface I don't want to know anything about the implementation of IMyIntf. What I do want, though, is the knowledge that this interface needs certain one time initialization parameters. Is there a way to somehow annotate(attributes?) the interface with this information and pass those to framework when the object is created? Edit: Described the interface a bit more.

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• CCNet exception during build of vs2010 project

  - by sonee

  We have two build machines. Lately, we've migrated our projects to vs2010 from vs2005. But the problem is that one of the machines occurs error during build. Another machine works well, but just one machine shows error. The differences between the machines are os and computer spec. The machine which is working well is installed windows server 2003 and the other is windows7. the error message is unhandled exception: System.NullReferenceException: Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.ThreadHelper.InvokeOnUIThread(InvokableBase invokable) Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.ThreadHelper.Invoke(Action action)Microsoft.VisualStudio.Project.VS.Implementation.VSShellServices.InvokeOnUIThread(Action method) Microsoft.VisualStudio.Project.VisualC.VCProjectEngine.ApartmentMarshaler.Invoke(Action method) Microsoft.VisualStudio.Project.VisualC.VCProjectEngine.VCConfigBuildJob.BuildCompleted(BuildSubmission ar) Microsoft.VisualStudio.Project.Contracts.Implementation.BuildProjectBase.BuildCompletedCallbackManager.BuildCompleted(BuildSubmission buildSubmission) Microsoft.Build.Execution.BuildSubmission.<CheckForCompletion>b__0(Object state) System.Threading.QueueUserWorkItemCallback.WaitCallback_Context(Object state) System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx) System.Threading.QueueUserWorkItemCallback.System.Threading.IThreadPoolWorkItem.ExecuteWorkItem() System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch() System.Threading._ThreadPoolWaitCallback.PerformWaitCallback() Curiously enough, when I run building project in command line on the machine which occurs error, it works well. The machine just shows error when launched by ccnet. I've installed latest version of ccnet to all machines. Is there anybody who faced like this problem?

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• How is a referencing environment generally implemented for closures?

  - by Alexandr Kurilin

  Let's say I have a statically/lexically scoped language with deep binding and I create a closure. The closure will consist of the statements I want executed plus the so called referencing environment, or, to quote this post, the collection of variables which can be used. What does this referencing environment actually look like implementation-wise? I was recently reading about ObjectiveC's implementation of blocks, and the author suggests that behind the scenes you get a copy of all of the variables on the stack and also of all the references to heap objects. The explanation claims that you get a "snapshot" of the referencing environment at the point in time of the closure's creation. Is that more or less what happens, or did I misread that? Is anything done to "freeze" a separate copy of the heap objects, or is it safe to assume that if they get modified between closure creation and the closure executing, the closure will no longer be operating on the original version of the object? If indeed there's copying being made, are there memory usage considerations in situations where one might want to create plenty of closures and store them somewhere? I think that misunderstanding of some of these concepts might lead to tricky issues like the ones Eric Lippert mentions in this blog post. It's interesting because you'd think that it wouldn't make sense to keep a reference to a value type that might be gone by the time the closure is called, but I'm guessing that in C# the compiler will figure out that the variable is needed later and put it into the heap instead. It seems that in most memory-managed languages everything is a reference and thus ObjectiveC is a somewhat unique situation with having to deal with copying what's on the stack.

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• Why is TRest in Tuple<T1... TRest> not constrained?

  - by Anthony Pegram

  In a Tuple, if you have more than 7 items, you can provide an 8th item that is another tuple and define up to 7 items, and then another tuple as the 8th and on and on down the line. However, there is no constraint on the 8th item at compile time. For example, this is legal code for the compiler: var tuple = new Tuple<int, int, int, int, int, int, int, double> (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1d); Even though the intellisense documentation says that TRest must be a Tuple. You do not get any error when writing or building the code, it does not manifest until runtime in the form of an ArgumentException. You can roughly implement a Tuple in a few minutes, complete with a Tuple-constrained 8th item. I just wonder why it was left off the current implementation? Is it possibly a forward-compatibility issue where they could add more elements with a hypothetical C# 5? Short version of rough implementation interface IMyTuple { } class MyTuple<T1> : IMyTuple { public T1 Item1 { get; private set; } public MyTuple(T1 item1) { Item1 = item1; } } class MyTuple<T1, T2> : MyTuple<T1> { public T2 Item2 { get; private set; } public MyTuple(T1 item1, T2 item2) : base(item1) { Item2 = item2; } } class MyTuple<T1, T2, TRest> : MyTuple<T1, T2> where TRest : IMyTuple { public TRest Rest { get; private set; } public MyTuple(T1 item1, T2 item2, TRest rest) : base(item1, item2) { Rest = rest; } } ... var mytuple = new MyTuple<int, int, MyTuple<int>>(1, 1, new MyTuple<int>(1)); // legal var mytuple2 = new MyTuple<int, int, int>(1, 2, 3); // illegal

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• Visual Studio and .NET programming

  - by Vit

  Hi, I just want to ask wheather I am right or not about .NET. So, .NET is new framework that enables you to easily implement new and old windows functions. It is similiar to java in the way that its also compiled into "bytecode", but its name is Common Language Infrastructure, or CLI. This language is interpreted by .NET Framework, so code generated by programming using .NET cannot be executed directly by CPU. Now, few languages can be compiled to CLI. First, it was Microsoft-developed C#, than J#, C++ others. I suspect that this is in general right, at least I hope I understand it right. But, what I am still missing is, can you write to machine code compiled code in C#? And, if using Visual Studio 2005, when I select Win32 project, it is compiled into machine code, so only thing you need to run this apps are windows dynamic-link libraries, since static libraries code is implemented into app durink linking phase. And those dynamic-link libraries are implemented in every windows installation, or provided by DirectX installations. But when I select CLR in Visual Studio 2005, than app is compiled into CLI code, and it first executes .NET framework, and than .NET framework executes that program, since its not in machine code. So, I am right? I ask becouse you can read these infos on the internet, but I have noone to tell me wheather I understand it right or not. Thanks.

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• How Would a Newborn Baby Learn Web Programming?

  - by Mugatu

  Hello all, I chose that title because I equate my knowledge of web programming and web development with that of a newborn. Here's the shortest version of my story and what I'm looking to do: A friend and I have been coming up with website ideas for a couple years, mostly just jotting them down whenever we come up with a good, useful idea when browsing the web. For the past 6 months we've hired a couple different programmers to make a couple of the sites for us, but have been disappointed with how it's gone. Been too slow and too many miscommunications for our liking. So like the saying goes if you want something done right do it yourself, we're going to do it ourselves. I know nothing about programming, I've never written a line of code in my life. I consider myself very good with math and about as logical as you can get, but I have zero real-life programming knowledge. The sites we want to make are all pretty 'Web 2.0'ish', meaning user-generated content, commenting on posts, pages that change on the fly, etc. So here are some of my questions for anyone who's been there before: Is there a language you'd recommend learning first? Something that is a good indicator how most other languages work? What web programming languages do you recommend learning first based on popularity both now and the future. I don't want to learn a language that's going to be outdated by the time I'm an expert at it. Any specific books you'd recommend? Any general advice you'd give to someone literally starting at square zero for coding who plans on being in it for the long haul? Thanks in advance for the help

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• How to extract part of the path and the ending file name with Regex?

  - by brasofilo

  I need to build an associative array with the plugin name and the language file it uses in the following sequence: /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/plugins/adminimize/languages/adminimize-en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/plugins/audio-tube/lang/atp-en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/languages/en_US.mo /whatever/path/length/public_html/wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/languages/en_US.mo Those are the language files WordPress is loading. They are all inside /wp-content/, but with variable server paths. I'm looking only for those inside the plugins folder, grab the plugin folder name and the filename. Hipothetical case in PHP, where reg_extract_* functions are the parts I'm missing: $plugins = array(); foreach( $big_array as $item ) { $folder = reg_extract_folder( $item ); if( 'plugin' == $folder ) { // "folder-name-after-plugins-folder" $plugin_name = reg_extract_pname( $item ); // "ending-mo-file.mo" $file_name = reg_extract_fname( $item ); $plugins[] = array( 'name' => $plugin_name, 'file' => $file_name ); } } [update] Ok, so I was missing quite a basic function, pathinfo... :/ No problem to detect if /plugins/ is contained in the array. But what about the plugin folder name?

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