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• Downsampling the number of entries in a list (without interpolation)

  - by Dave

  I have a Python list with a number of entries, which I need to downsample using either: A maximum number of rows. For example, limiting a list of 1234 entries to 1000. A proportion of the original rows. For example, making the list 1/3 its original length. (I need to be able to do both ways, but only one is used at a time). I believe that for the maximum number of rows I can just calculate the proportion needed and pass that to the proportional downsizer: def downsample_to_max(self, rows, max_rows): return downsample_to_proportion(rows, max_rows / float(len(rows))) ...so I really only need one downsampling function. Any hints, please? EDIT The list contains objects, not numeric values so I do not need to interpolate. Dropping objects is fine.

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• How do I read from a file consists of city names and coordinates/Populations and create functions to get the coordinates and population?

  - by Braybray

  I'm using Python, and I have a file which has city names and information such as names, coordinates of the city and population of the city: Youngstown, OH[4110,8065]115436 Yankton, SD[4288,9739]12011 966 Yakima, WA[4660,12051]49826 1513 2410 Worcester, MA[4227,7180]161799 2964 1520 604 Wisconsin Dells, WI[4363,8977]2521 1149 1817 481 595 How can I create a function to take the city name and return a list containing the latitude and longitude of the given city? fin = open ("miles.dat","r") def getCoordinates cities = [] for line in fin: cities.append(line.rstrip()) for word in line: print line.split() That's what I tried now; how could I get the coordinates of the city by calling the names of the city and how can I return the word of each line but not letters? Any help will be much appreciated, thanks all.

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• how to add markup to text using JavaScript regex

  - by Richard

  I need to add markup to some text using JavaScript regular expressions. In Python I could do this with: >>> import re >>> re.sub('(banana|apple)', r'<b>{\1}</b>', 'I have 1 banana and 2 apples!') 'I have 1 <b>{banana}</b> and 2 <b>{apple}</b>s!' What is the equivalent in JavaScript? string.replace(regex, newstring) seems to only take a raw string for replacing.

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• analyzing hashes

  - by calccrypto

  Is anyone willing to devote some time to helping me analyze a (hopefully cryptographically secure) hash? I honestly have no idea what im doing, so i need someone to show me how to, to teach me. almost all of the stuff ive found online have been really long, tedious, and vague the code is in python because for some reason i dont know c/c++. all i know about the hash: 1. there are no collisions (so far) and 2. differences between two similar inputs results in wildly different differences and please dont tell me that if i dont know what im doing, i shouldnt be doing it.

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• Conventional Approaches for Passing Data to Back-End?

  - by Calvin

  Hi guys, I'm fairly new to web development, so please pardon the painfully newbie question that's about to follow. My computer science class group and I are developing a web application for class, which is built in Python (under Django) and uses jQuery on the front end. It's primarily an AJAX-ified application, and passing data from the backend to the front end is done through AJAX calls to specific URLs which return JSON. This is probably a stupid question, but what's the conventional approach for passing data in the opposite direction? We don't want to reload the page or anything, so is it an AJAX pass going the other way or something? Thanks in advance for your help!

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• MapReduce results seem limited to 100?

  - by user1813867

  I'm playing around with Map Reduce in MongoDB and python and I've run into a strange limitation. I'm just trying to count the number of "book" records. It works when there are less than 100 records but when it goes over 100 records the count resets for some reason. Here is my MR code and some sample outputs: var M = function () { book = this.book; emit(book, {count : 1}); } var R = function (key, values) { var sum = 0; values.forEach(function(x) { sum += 1; }); var result = { count : sum }; return result; } MR output when record count is 99: {u'_id': u'superiors', u'value': {u'count': 99}} MR output when record count is 101: {u'_id': u'superiors', u'value': {u'count': 2.0}} Any ideas?

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• Recalling import in module

  - by Isaiah

  I'm still learning python and after playing around with pygame I noticed I'm re-importing things in modules I'm importing that I've already imported. import pygame For instance I have some classes in a separate file, but I must also import pygame into that file too for them to work. Does it actually import the code twice? Will it slow down my program? Or does it just pull the same import from before, but if it does that, why would I need to import it? Is there anything like (load) in lisp that just pulls in the code like it is part of the main file? Thank You

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• How to add http headers in suds 0.3.6?

  - by Esabe

  Hi everyone, I have an application in python 2.5 which sends data through suds 0.3.6. The problem is that the data contains non-ascii characters, so I need the following header to exist in the soap message: Content-Type="text/html; charset="utf-8" and the header that exists in the SOAP message is just: Content-Type="text/html" I know that it is fixed in suds 0.4, but it requires Python2.6 and I NEED Python2.5 because I use CentOS and it needs that version. So the question is: How could I change or add new HTTP headers to a SOAP message?

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• How to prevent lxml prom compacting elements?

  - by Almad

  Having following Python code: >>> from lxml import etree >>> root = etree.XML("<a><b></b></a>") >>> etree.tostring(root) '<a><b/></a>' How can I force lxml to use "long" version? Like >>> etree.tostring(root) '<a><b></b></a>'

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• Create event for another owner using Facebook Graph API

  - by David

  Hi, I'm at the moment working on a web page where the users who visit it should have the possibility to create an event in my web page's name. There is a Page on Facebook for the web page which should be the owner of the user created event. Is this possible? All users are authenticated using Facebook Connect, but since the event won't be created in their name I don't know if that's so much of help. The Python SDK will be used since the event shall be implemented server side. / D

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• RSA encrypted data block size

  - by calccrypto

  how do you store an rsa encrypted data block? the output might be significantly greater than the original input data block size, and i dont think people waste memory by padding bucket loads of 0s in front of each data block. besides, how would they be removed? or is each block stored on new lines within the file? if that is the case, how would you tell the difference between legitimate new line and a '\n' char written into the file? what am i missing? im writing the "write to file" part in python, so maybe its one of the differences between: open(file,'w') open(file,'w+b') open(file,'wb') that i dont know. or is it something else?

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• Text-based one-on-one chat with Flash interface: what to power the backend?

  - by Zachary Burt

  Hey guys. I'm building a website where I hook people up so that they can anonymously vent to strangers. You either choose to be a listener, or a talker, and then you get catapulted into a one-on-one chat room. The reason for the app's construction is because you often can't vent to friends, because your deepest vulnerabilities can often be leveraged against you later on. (Like it or not, this is a part of human nature. Sad.) I'm looking for some insight into how I should architect everything. I found this neat tutorial, http://giantflyingsaucer.com/blog/?p=875, which suggests using python & stackless + flash. Someone else suggested I should try using p2p sockets, but I don't even know where to begin to look for info on that. Any other suggestions? I'd like to keep it simple. :^)

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• Why don't scripting languages output Unicode to the Windows console?

  - by hippietrail

  The Windows console has been Unicode aware for at least a decade and perhaps as far back as Windows NT. However for some reason the major cross-platform scripting languages including Perl and Python only ever output various 8-bit encodings, requiring much trouble to work around. Perl gives a "wide character in print" warning, Pythong gives a charmap error and quits. Why on earth after all these years do they not just simply call the Win32 -W APIs that output UTF-16 Unicode instead of forcing everything through the ANSI/codepage bottleneck? Is it just that cross-platform performance is low priority? Is it that the languages use UTF-8 internally and find it too much bother to output UTF-16? Or are the -W APIs inherently broken to such a degree that they can't be used as-is?

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• What is the difference between declaring data attributes inside or outside __init__

  - by user1898540

  I'm trying to get my head around OOP in Python and I'm a bit confused when it comes to declare variables within a class. Should I declare them inside of the __init__ procedure or outside it? What's the difference? The following code works just fine: # Declaring variables within __init__ class MyClass: def __init__(self): country = "" city = "" def information(self): print "Hi! I'm from %s, (%s)"%(self.city,self.country) me = MyClass() me.country = "Spain" me.city = "Barcelona" me.information() But declaring the variables outside of the __init procedure also works: # Declaring variables outside of __init__ class MyClass: country = "" city = "" def information(self): print "Hi! I'm from %s, (%s)"%(self.city,self.country) me = MyClass() me.country = "Spain" me.city = "Barcelona" me.information()

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• Unwanted behaviour from dict.fromkeys

  - by Anthony Labarre

  Hi there, I'd like to initialise a dictionary of sets (in Python 2.6) using dict.fromkeys, but the resulting structure behaves strangely. More specifically: >>>> x = {}.fromkeys(range(10), set([])) >>>> x {0: set([]), 1: set([]), 2: set([]), 3: set([]), 4: set([]), 5: set([]), 6: set([]), 7: set([]), 8: set([]), 9: set([])} >>>> x[5].add(3) >>>> x {0: set([3]), 1: set([3]), 2: set([3]), 3: set([3]), 4: set([3]), 5: set([3]), 6: set([3]), 7: set([3]), 8: set([3]), 9: set([3])} I obviously don't want to add 3 to all sets, only to the set that corresponds to x[5]. Of course, I can avoid the problem by initialising x without fromkeys, but I'd like to understand what I'm missing here.

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• How do you handle options that can't be used together with OptionParser?

  - by Joel

  My Python script (for todo lists) is started from the command line like this: todo [options] <command> [command-options] Some options can not be used together, for example todo add --pos=3 --end "Ask Stackoverflow" would specify both the third position and the end of the list. Likewise todo list --brief --informative would confuse my program about being brief or informative. Since I want to have quite a powerful option control, cases like these will be a bunch, and new ones will surely arise in the future. If a users passes a bad combination of options, I want to give an informative message, preferably along with the usage help provided by optparse. Currently I handle this with an if-else statement that I find really ugly and poor. My dream is to have something like this in my code: parser.set_not_allowed(combination=["--pos", "--end"], message="--pos and --end can not be used together") and the OptionParser would use this when parsing the options. Since this doesn't exist as far as I know, I ask the SO community: How do you handle this?

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• Killing a script launched in a Process via os.system()

  - by L.J.

  I have a python script which launches several processes. Each process basically just calls a shell script: from multiprocessing import Process import os import logging def thread_method(n = 4): global logger command = "~/Scripts/run.sh " + str(n) + " >> /var/log/mylog.log" if (debug): logger.debug(command) os.system(command) I launch several of these threads, which are meant to run in the background. I want to have a timeout on these threads, such that if it exceeds the timeout, they are killed: t = [] for x in range(10): try: t.append(Process(target=thread_method, args=(x,) ) ) t[-1].start() except Exception as e: logger.error("Error: unable to start thread") logger.error("Error message: " + str(e)) logger.info("Waiting up to 60 seconds to allow threads to finish") t[0].join(60) for n in range(len(t)): if t[n].is_alive(): logger.info(str(n) + " is still alive after 60 seconds, forcibly terminating") t[n].terminate() The problem is that calling terminate() on the process threads isn't killing the launched run.sh script - it continues running in the background until I either force kill it from the command line, or it finishes internally. Is there a way to have terminate also kill the subshell created by os.system()?

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• app_label in an abstract Django model

  - by rayan

  Hi all, I'm trying to get an abstract model working in Django and I hit a brick wall trying to set the related_name per the recommendation here: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/models/#be-careful-with-related-name This is what my abstract model looks like: class CommonModel(models.Model): created_on = models.DateTimeField(editable=False) creared_by = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_created", editable=False) updated_on = models.DateTimeField(editable=False) updated_by = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_updated", editable=False) def save(self): if not self.id: self.created_on = datetime.now() self.created_by = user.id self.updated_on = datetime.now() self.updated_by = user.id super(CommonModel, self).save() class Meta: abstract = True My common model is in [project_root]/models.py. It is the parent object of this model, which is located in an app called Feedback [project_root]/feedback/models.py: from django.db import models from mediasharks.models import CommonModel class Feedback(CommonModel): message = models.CharField(max_length=255) request_uri = models.CharField(max_length=255) domain = models.CharField(max_length=255) feedback_type = models.IntegerField() Basically I'm trying to set up a common model so that I'll always be able to tell when and by whom database entries were created. When I run "python manage.py validate" I get this error message: KeyError: 'app_label' Am I missing something here?

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• Extract string that is delimited with constant and ends with two numbers (numbers have to be included)

  - by Edmon

  I have a text that contains string of a following structure: text I do not care about, persons name followed by two IDs. I know that: a person's name is always preceded by XYZ code and that is always followed by two, space separated numbers. Name is not always just a last name and first name. It can be multiple last or first names (think Latin american names). So, I am looking to extract string that follows the constant XYZ code and that is always terminated by two separate numbers. You can say that my delimiter is XYZ and two numbers, but numbers need to be part of the extracted value as well. From blah, blah XYZ names, names 122322 344322 blah blah I want to extract: names, names 122322 344322 Would someone please advise on the regular expression for this that would work with Python's re package.

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• Multiplying Block Matrices in Numpy

  - by Ada Xu

  Hi Everyone I am python newbie I have to implement lasso L1 regression for a class assignment. This involves solving a quadratic equation involving block matrices. minimize x^t * H * x + f^t * x where x 0 Where H is a 2 X 2 block matrix with each element being a k dimensional matrix and x and f being a 2 X 1 vectors each element being a k dimension vector. I was thinking of using nd arrays. such that np.shape(H) = (2, 2, k, k) np.shape(x) = (2, k) But I figured out that np.dot(X, H) doesn't work here. Is there an easy way to solve this problem? Thanks in advance.

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• execution of instructions in a child process

  - by ness kh

  I want to exit from a child process when the execution of os.system(comm) will be executed. My code is: pid = os.fork() if pid == 0: #instruction else: comm = "python file.py" os.system(comm) os.exit(error) Now, my file file.py contains a loop, and I can get out from it only if a condition is satisfied. But, even when the condition is not satisfied, the program exits from the loop and displays the message error. Also it doesn't execute the rest of instructions in file.py. file.py is : while 1: if(condition): break # rest of instructions

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• Counting vowels in a string using recursion

  - by Daniel Love Jr

  In my python class we are learning about recursion. I understand that it's when a function calls itself, however for this particular assignment I can't figure out how exactly to get my function to call it self to get the desired results. I need to simply count the vowels in the string given to the function. def recVowelCount(s): 'return the number of vowels in s using a recursive computation' vowelcount = 0 vowels = "aEiou".lower() if s[0] in vowels: vowelcount += 1 else: ??? I'm really not sure where to go with this, it's quite frustrating. I came up with this in the end, thanks to some insight from here. def recVowelCount(s): 'return the number of vowels in s using a recursive computation' vowels = "aeiouAEIOU" if s == "": return 0 elif s[0] in vowels: return 1 + recVowelCount(s[1:]) else: return 0 + recVowelCount(s[1:])

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• A Combinations of Items in Given List

  - by mecablaze

  Hello stackoverflow, I'm currently in Python land. This is what I need to do. I have already looked into the itertools library but it seems to only do permutations. I want to take an input list, like ['yahoo', 'wikipedia', 'freebase'] and generate every unique combination of one item with zero or more other items... ['yahoo', 'wikipedia', 'freebase'] ['yahoo', 'wikipedia'] ['yahoo', 'freebase'] ['wikipedia', 'freebase'] ['yahoo'] ['freebase'] ['wikipedia'] A few notes. Order does not matter and I am trying to design the method to take a list of any size. Also, is there a name for this kind of combination? Thanks for your help!

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• sqlite3.OperationalError: database is locked - non-threaded application

  - by James C

  Hi, I have a Python application which throws the standard sqlite3.OperationalError: database is locked error. I have looked around the internet and could not find any solution which worked (please note that there is no multiprocesses/threading going on, and as you can see I have tried raising the timeout parameter). The sqlite file is stored on the local hard drive. The following function is one of many which accesses the sqlite database, and runs fine the first time it is called, but throws the above error the second time it is called (it is called as part of a for loop in another function): def update_index(filepath): path = get_setting('Local', 'web') stat = os.stat(filepath) modified = stat.st_mtime index_file = get_setting('Local', 'index') connection = sqlite3.connect(index_file, 30) cursor = connection.cursor() head, tail = os.path.split(filepath) cursor.execute('UPDATE hwlive SET date=? WHERE path=? AND name=?;', (modified, head, tail)) connection.commit() connection.close() Many thanks.

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• Selecting Element followed by text with Selenium WebDriver

  - by Andrew

  I am using Selenium WebDriver and the Python bindings to automate some monotonous WordPress tasks, and it has been pretty straightforward up until this point. I am trying to select a checkbox, but the only way that I can identify it is by the text following it. Here is the relevant portion of HTML: <li id="product_cat-52"> <label class="selectit"> <input value="52" type="checkbox" name="tax_input[product_cat][]" id="in-product_cat-52"> polishpottery </label> </li> The only information that I have in my script to identify this checkbox is the string "polishpottery". Is there any way to select that checkbox knowing only the text that follows?

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