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  • What is the difference between declaring data attributes inside or outside __init__

    - by user1898540
    I'm trying to get my head around OOP in Python and I'm a bit confused when it comes to declare variables within a class. Should I declare them inside of the __init__ procedure or outside it? What's the difference? The following code works just fine: # Declaring variables within __init__ class MyClass: def __init__(self): country = "" city = "" def information(self): print "Hi! I'm from %s, (%s)"%(self.city,self.country) me = MyClass() me.country = "Spain" me.city = "Barcelona" me.information() But declaring the variables outside of the __init procedure also works: # Declaring variables outside of __init__ class MyClass: country = "" city = "" def information(self): print "Hi! I'm from %s, (%s)"%(self.city,self.country) me = MyClass() me.country = "Spain" me.city = "Barcelona" me.information()

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  • How to detect identical part(s) inside string?

    - by Horace Ho
    I try to break down the http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2711961/decoding-algorithm-wanted question into smaller questions. This is Part I. Question: two strings: s1 and s2 part of s1 is identical to part of s2 space is separator how to extract the identical part(s)? example 1: s1 = "12 November 2010 - 1 visitor" s2 = "6 July 2010 - 100 visitors" the identical parts are "2010", "-", "1" and "visitor" example 2: s1 = "Welcome, John!" s2 = "Welcome, Peter!" the identical parts are "Welcome," and "!" Python and Ruby preferred. Thanks

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  • Extract string that is delimited with constant and ends with two numbers (numbers have to be included)

    - by Edmon
    I have a text that contains string of a following structure: text I do not care about, persons name followed by two IDs. I know that: a person's name is always preceded by XYZ code and that is always followed by two, space separated numbers. Name is not always just a last name and first name. It can be multiple last or first names (think Latin american names). So, I am looking to extract string that follows the constant XYZ code and that is always terminated by two separate numbers. You can say that my delimiter is XYZ and two numbers, but numbers need to be part of the extracted value as well. From blah, blah XYZ names, names 122322 344322 blah blah I want to extract: names, names 122322 344322 Would someone please advise on the regular expression for this that would work with Python's re package.

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  • Is this __import__ functionality correct?

    - by Jason Baker
    I have a package named jiva_tasks, which I'm trying to import via celery (using the CELERY_IMPORTS attribute of celeryconfig. The import statement that celery is using is this: __import__(module, [], [], ['']) Oddly enough, when this syntax is used, the module gets imported twice, once as jiva_tasks and another time as jiva_tasks. (with a period at the end). Now, chances are good that celery should be passing in globals rather than an empty list, but this seems broken to me. It seems odd that even if given the wrong arguments, __import__ would import something that isn't a valid python module name. I know that the way to fix this is to pass in globals, but I want to understand why I'm getting this result. Is this a bug, or is there something I don't understand about how __import__ is working? Update: It also seems to be working fine if I use importlib.

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  • Why does concatenating a boolean value return an integer?

    - by joshhunt
    In python, you can concatenate boolean values, and it would return an integer. Example: >>> True True >>> True + True 2 >>> True + False 1 >>> True + True + True 3 >>> True + True + False 2 >>> False + False 0 Why? Why does this make sense? I understand that True is often represented as 1, whereas False is represented as 0, but that still does not explain how adding two values together of the same type returns a completely different type.

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  • Have I checked every consecutive subset of this list?

    - by Nathan
    I'm trying to solve problem 50 on Project Euler. Don't give me the answer or solve it for me, just try to answer this specific question. The goal is to find the longest sum of consecutive primes that adds to a prime below one million. I use wrote a sieve to find all the primes below n, and I have confirmed that it is correct. Next, I am going to check the sum of each subset of consecutive primes using the following method: I have a empty list sums. For each prime number, I add it to each element in sums and check the new sum, then I append the prime to sums. Here it is in python primes = allPrimesBelow(1000000) sums = [] for p in primes: for i in range(len(sums)): sums[i] += p check(sums[i]) sums.append(p) I want to know if I have called check() for every sum of two or more consecutive primes below one million The problem says that there is a prime, 953, that can be written as the sum of 21 consecutive primes, but I am not finding it.

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  • File management

    - by user343934
    I am working on python and biopython right now. I have a file upload form and whatever file is uploaded suppose(abc.fasta) then i want to pass same name in execute (abc.fasta) function parameter and display function parameter (abc.aln). Right now i am changing file name manually, but i want to have it automatically. Workflow goes like this. ----If submit is not true then display only header and form part --- if submit is true then call execute() and get file name from form input --- Then display the save file result in the same page. File name is same as input. My raw code is here -- http://pastebin.com/FPUgZSSe Any suggestions, changes and algorithm is appreciated Thanks

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  • Is there an open source cross-platform push server?

    - by Ian
    I'm currently in need of a (preferably open-source) free push server, that supports both linux and windows. I need something similar to the Ajax Push Engine, but that project unfortunatelly does not work on windows (I could use a virtual machine, but that's not what I'm looking for). I need to be able to push information to/from a python daemon, from a php script, to/from javascript and to a Blackberry application (built with java). Is there any tool that could help me with that? I've also looked into the Orbited project but frankly it lacks a lot of documentation and it's been very complicated to understand it. I'm not sure if it could work for me since it isn't actually a push server, but rather a proxy for it's built in MorbidQ server (or am I wrong?). Would a technology like Advanced Message Queing Protocol work for a project like this? Something like RabbitMQ or ActiveMQ? Thank you very much for the help.

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  • Technique to limit number of instances of our application under Terminal Server

    - by Malcolm
    I'm looking for simple ways to monitor and limit the number of instances of our application under Terminal Server (2003 and 2008). The purpose of this restriction is to make sure we don't overload our servers. This is an internal administrative requirement - I am not looking for a licensing solution. The application in question is written in Python 2.6 (32-bit) but I'm happy to receive development tool agnostic answers. Although we are not using Citrix, I am happy to receive Citrix related ideas with the hope that I can use a similar technique with Terminal Server. Thank you, Malcolm

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  • Standardizing camera input in OpenCV? (Contrast/Saturation/Brightness etc..)

    - by karpathy
    I am building an application using OpenCV that uses the webcam and runs some vision algorithms. I would like to make this application available on the internet after I am done, but I am concerned about the vast differences in camera settings on every computer, and I am worried that the algorithm may break if the settings are too different from mine. Is there any way, after capturing the frame, to post process it and make sure that the contrast is X, brightness is Y, and saturation is Z? I think the Camera settings themselves can not be changed from code directly using the current OpenCV Python bindings. Would anyone be able to tell me about how I could calculate some of these parameters from the image and adjust them appropriately using OpenCV?

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  • How to load a database of countries in a web application

    - by lance_klusener
    Hello All, I am new to web application development, so sorry in advance if this question is too basic. The following are the details of the question: A] Platform being used -- google app engine with python, django. B] Tutorial link being used -- http://code.google.com/appengine/articles/djangoforms.html C] Question: In the application i am building, there is a drop down box which allows the user to select their country. Since the list of countries is above 200, i want to construct a database of the countries before the application loads. Once this application is deployed, i dont want the database to get re-loaded again, since the entries are constant for all the users. How does one achieve this ? thanks, Lance.

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  • Halting Django's dev server via page request?

    - by Ben Blank
    I'm looking at writing a portable, light-weight Python app. As the "GUI toolkit" I'm most familiar with — by a wide margin! — is HTML/CSS/JS, I thought to use Django as a framework for the project, using its built-in "development server" (manage.py runserver). I've been banging on a proof-of-concept for a couple hours and the only real problem I've encountered so far is shutting down the server once the user has finished using the app. Ideally, I'd like there to be a link on the app's pages which shuts down the server and closes the page, but nothing I see in the Django docs suggests this is possible. Can this be done? For that matter, is this a reasonable approach for writing a small, portable GUI tool?

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  • how to add markup to text using JavaScript regex

    - by Richard
    I need to add markup to some text using JavaScript regular expressions. In Python I could do this with: >>> import re >>> re.sub('(banana|apple)', r'<b>{\1}</b>', 'I have 1 banana and 2 apples!') 'I have 1 <b>{banana}</b> and 2 <b>{apple}</b>s!' What is the equivalent in JavaScript? string.replace(regex, newstring) seems to only take a raw string for replacing.

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  • Can't remove first node in linked list

    - by carlmonday
    I'm trying to make a linked list class in python (pointless I know, but it's a learning exercise), and the method I have written to remove a node doesn't work if I try to remove the first element of the linked list. If the node to be removed is anywhere else in the linked list the method works fine. Can someone give me some insight as to where I've gone wrong? Here's my code thus far: class Node: def __init__(self, data=None, next=None): self.data = data self.next = next def __repr__(self): return repr(self.data) def printNodes(self): while self: print self.data self = self.next def removeNode(self, datum): """removes node from linked list""" if self.data == datum: return self.next while self.next: if self.next.data == datum: self.next = self.next.next return self self = self.next

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  • Text-based one-on-one chat with Flash interface: what to power the backend?

    - by Zachary Burt
    Hey guys. I'm building a website where I hook people up so that they can anonymously vent to strangers. You either choose to be a listener, or a talker, and then you get catapulted into a one-on-one chat room. The reason for the app's construction is because you often can't vent to friends, because your deepest vulnerabilities can often be leveraged against you later on. (Like it or not, this is a part of human nature. Sad.) I'm looking for some insight into how I should architect everything. I found this neat tutorial, http://giantflyingsaucer.com/blog/?p=875, which suggests using python & stackless + flash. Someone else suggested I should try using p2p sockets, but I don't even know where to begin to look for info on that. Any other suggestions? I'd like to keep it simple. :^)

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  • Writing a script to bypass college login page

    - by gtredcvb
    My college has a silly login page that requires you to download a whole bunch of garbage that a lot of us don't need (Norton Anti-virus, Antispyware software, etc.). We have to have them running to get on the internet on campus. Though, if you are on Linux, or at least set your user-agent to linux, the requirements are gone. We could easily use Firefox with the useragent switcher to bypass this, but it'd be nice to create a script that automates this. How would this be possible? I figure this could be written in python, and could grab the webpage with curl specifying a user agent? How would I go about posting the data back to the servers? Thanks

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  • Backup Google Calendar programmatically: https://www.google.com/calendar/exporticalzip

    - by Michael
    I'm struggling with writing a python script that automatically grabs the zip fail containing all my google calendars and stores it (as a backup) on my harddisk. I'm using ClientLogin to get an authentication token (and successfully can obtain the token). Unfortunately, i'm unable to retrieve the file at https://www.google.com/calendar/exporticalzip It always asks me for the login credentials again by returning a login page as html (instead of the zip). Here's the critical code: post_data = post_data = urllib.urlencode({ 'auth': token, 'continue': zip_url}) request = urllib2.Request('https://www.google.com/calendar', post_data, header) try: f = urllib2.urlopen(request) result = f.read() except: print "Error" Anyone any ideas or done that before? Or an alternative idea how to backup all my calendars (automatically!)

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  • A Combinations of Items in Given List

    - by mecablaze
    Hello stackoverflow, I'm currently in Python land. This is what I need to do. I have already looked into the itertools library but it seems to only do permutations. I want to take an input list, like ['yahoo', 'wikipedia', 'freebase'] and generate every unique combination of one item with zero or more other items... ['yahoo', 'wikipedia', 'freebase'] ['yahoo', 'wikipedia'] ['yahoo', 'freebase'] ['wikipedia', 'freebase'] ['yahoo'] ['freebase'] ['wikipedia'] A few notes. Order does not matter and I am trying to design the method to take a list of any size. Also, is there a name for this kind of combination? Thanks for your help!

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  • Writing to CSV issue in Spyder

    - by 0003
    I am doing the Kaggle Titanic beginner contest. I generally work in Spyder IDE, but I came across a weird issue. The expected output is supposed to be 418 rows. When I run the script from terminal the output I get is 418 rows (as expected). When I run it in Spyder IDE the output is 408 rows not 418. When I re-run it in the current python process, it outputs the expected 418 rows. I posted a redacted portion of the code that has all of the relevant bits. Any ideas? import csv import numpy as np csvFile = open("/train.csv","ra") csvFile = csv.reader(csvFile) header = csvFile.next() testFile = open("/test.csv","ra") testFile = csv.reader(testFile) testHeader = testFile.next() writeFile = open("/gendermodelDebug.csv", "wb") writeFile = csv.writer(writeFile) count = 0 for row in testFile: if row[3] == 'male': do something to row writeFile.writerow(row) count += 1 elif row[3] == 'female': do something to row writeFile.writerow(row) count += 1 else: raise ValueError("Did not find a male or female in %s" % row)

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  • Need help specifying a ending while condition

    - by johnthexiii
    I have written a Python script to download all of the xkcd comic images. The only problem is I can't tell it to stop when it gets to the last one... Here is what I have so far. import re, mechanize from urllib import urlretrieve from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as bs baseUrl = "http://xkcd.com/1/" #Specify the first comic page br = mechanize.Browser() #Create a browser response = br.open(baseUrl) #Create an initial response x = 1 #Assign an initial file name while (SomeCondition): soup = bs(response.get_data()) #Create an instance of bs that contains the response data img = soup.findAll('img')[1] #Get the online file path of the image localFile = "C:\\Comics\\xkcd\\" + str(x) + ".jpg" #Come up with a local file name urlretrieve(img["src"], localFile) #Download the image file response = br.follow_link(text = "Next >") #Store the response of the next button x += 1 #Increase x by 1 print "All xkcd comics downloaded" #Let the user know the images have been downloaded Initially what I had was something like while br.follow_link(text = "Next >") != br.follow_link(text = ">|"): but by doing this I actually send skip to the last page before the script has a chance to perform the intended purpose.

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  • How to handle date difference between client and server?

    - by daydreamer
    I have an API which looks like /summary/yyyy/mm Which returns the summary of their data for the year and month requested. One of the things it returns the number of days left if this is current year and month. For example: days_left: 9 for 2013 and 10 and current date on server is 21 Oct 2013 How I calculate remaining days? This is implemented in python as def current_financial_month_details(self): time_from, time_to = self \ .get_start_end_time_current_financial_month() today = datetime.today() from_time = datetime(year=today.year, month=today.month, day=today.day) return { 'time_from': time_from, 'time_to': time_to, 'remaining_days': (time_to - from_time).days } The problem? The server is in east coast and the client(me with browser) is on pacific time zone When its 9PM PST the time changes in east coast, so if I run hit /summary/2013/10 and if it is Oct 21 2013 for me on PST, the date has already changed on EST, so days_left: 8 which is incorrect on client end. right? How do I handle this situation?

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  • Error 500 on template.render() with jinja2

    - by Asperitas
    I am working on playing with some Python to create a webapp. At first I put the HTML in a string, using %s to fill certain elements. That all worked perfectly. Now I want to put the HTML in a template, so I followed this tutorial. My code looks like this (I deleted irrelevant code for this error): import codecs import cgi import os import jinja2 jinja_environment = jinja2.Environment(loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__)))) class Rot13Handler(webapp2.RequestHandler): def get(self): template = jinja_environment.get_template('rot13.html') self.response.out.write(template.render({'text': ''})) When I replace just template.render({'text': ''}) a random string, the program works fine. I did add the latest jinja2 library to my app.yaml, and naturally my rot13.html does exist with the {{ text }} added. So could anyone please help me in the right direction? I don't know why it's going wrong.

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  • QtWebkit and hasPendingEvents() always True

    - by Deorf
    Hello. I use project webkit2png (slightly appended) to take screenshots in Linux. On the server running the latest version QtWebkit and Python 2.6 On some sites (eg 118114.cn) problem and the application hangs forever. Debug shows that the problem in this code snippet: while self.__loading:    if timeout 0 and time.time() = cancelAt:       raise RuntimeError("Request timed out on %s" % url)    while QApplication.hasPendingEvents():       QCoreApplication.processEvents() Full version of the source code is available here (lines 270-275) Somehow Loading-event hangs and hasPendingEvents can not be False. Most of the screenshots are created normally, but sometimes due to some URL drops my app: ( Does anyone know how to solve this problem and why the event hangs?

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  • Downsampling the number of entries in a list (without interpolation)

    - by Dave
    I have a Python list with a number of entries, which I need to downsample using either: A maximum number of rows. For example, limiting a list of 1234 entries to 1000. A proportion of the original rows. For example, making the list 1/3 its original length. (I need to be able to do both ways, but only one is used at a time). I believe that for the maximum number of rows I can just calculate the proportion needed and pass that to the proportional downsizer: def downsample_to_max(self, rows, max_rows): return downsample_to_proportion(rows, max_rows / float(len(rows))) ...so I really only need one downsampling function. Any hints, please? EDIT The list contains objects, not numeric values so I do not need to interpolate. Dropping objects is fine.

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  • What are some good ways to do intermachine locking?

    - by mike
    Our server cluster consists of 20 machines, each with 10 pids of 5 threads. We'd like some way to prevent any two threads, in any pid, on any machine, from modifying the same object at the same time. Our code's written in Python and runs on Linux, if that helps narrow things down. Also, it's a pretty rare case that two such threads want to do this, so we'd prefer something that optimizes the "only one thread needs this object" case to be really fast, even if it means that the "one thread has locked this object and another one needs it" case isn't great. What are some of the best practices?

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