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• Need advice on which PCI SATA Controller Card to Purchase

  - by Matt1776

  I have a major issue with the build of a machine I am trying to get up and running. My goal is to create a file server that will service the needs of my software development, personal media storage and streaming/media server needs, as well as provide a strong platform for backing up all this data in a routine, cron-job oriented German efficiency sort of way. The issue is a simple one - all my drives are SATA drives and my motherboard controller only contains 4 ports. Solving the issue has proven to be an unmitigated nightmare. I would like advice on the purchase of the following: 4 Port internal SATA / 2 Port external eSATA PCI SATA Controller Card that has the following features and/or advantages: It must function. If I plug it in and attach drives, I expect my system to still make it to the Operating System login screen. It must function on CentOS, and I mean it must function WELL and with MINIMAL hassle. If hassle is unavoidable, there shall be CLEAR CUT and EASY TO FOLLOW instructions on how to install drivers and other supporting software. I do not need nor want fakeRAID - I will be setting up any RAID configurations from within the operating system. Now, if I am able to find such a mythical device, I would be eternally grateful to whomever would be able to point me in the right direction, a direction which I assume will be paved with yellow bricks. I am prepared to pay a considerable sum of money (as SATA controller cards go) and so paying anywhere between 60 to 120 dollars will not be an issue whatsoever. Does such a magical device exist? The following link shows an "example" of the type of thing I am looking for, however, I have no way of verifying that once I plug this baby in that my system will still continue to function once I've attached the drives, or that once I've made it to the OS, I will be able to install whatever drivers or software programs I need to make it work with relative ease. It doesn't have to be dog-shit simple, but it cannot involve kernels or brain surgery. http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00552PLN4/ref=pd_lpo_k2_dp_sr_1?pf_rd_p=486539851&pf_rd_s=lpo-top-stripe-1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=B003GSGMPU&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=1HJG60XTZFJ48Z173HKY So does anyone have a suggestion regarding the subject I am asking about? PCI SATA Controller Cards? It would help if you've had experience with the component before - that is after all why I am asking here - for those who have had experience that I do not have. Bear in mind that this is for a home setup and that I do not have a company credit card. I have a budget with a 'relative' upper limit of about $150.00.

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• How to resolve `bootpd` crashing constantly on Mac OS X 10.6.4 Snow Leopard Server?

  - by morgant

  I've got a Mac Pro running Mac OS X 10.6.4 Snow Leopard Server and it's recently started getting numerous 'kNetworkError's in Server Admin.app when viewing services. It's acting as a gateway w/NAT and has been so for quite some time. There is one glaring issue, bootpd crashes all the time with the following errors in `/var/log/system.log/: Aug 12 16:54:59 servername bootpd[3572]: server starting Aug 12 16:54:59 servername bootpd[3572]: server name servername.domain.tld Aug 12 16:54:59 servername bootpd[3572]: interface en0: ip 10.0.1.9 mask 255.255.255.0 Aug 12 16:54:59 servername bootpd[3572]: bsdpd: re-reading configuration Aug 12 16:54:59 servername bootpd[3572]: bsdpd: shadow file size will be set to 48 megabytes Aug 12 16:54:59 servername bootpd[3572]: bsdpd: age time 00:15:00 Aug 12 16:54:59 servername bootpd[3572]: [3572] detected buffer overflow Aug 12 16:54:59 servername com.apple.launchd[1] (com.apple.bootpd[3572]): Job appears to have crashed: Abort trap Aug 12 16:54:59 servername com.apple.ReportCrash.Root[3571]: 2010-08-12 16:54:59.828 ReportCrash[3571:2807] Saved crash report for bootpd[3572] version ??? (???) to /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/bootpd_2010-08-12-165459_localhost.crash It is correctly configured to serve DHCP through en1 (not en0), the "LAN" port. This happens even with no hardware (even switches) connected to the "LAN" port. There are no DHCP clients listed. Oddly, the "Overview" shows 1 static map, but nothing is listed under "Static Maps" and there are no "Computers" in Open Directory. /var/db/dhcp_leases is empty. /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/bootpd_2010-08-12-165459_localhost.crash is as follows: Process: bootpd [3572] Path: /usr/libexec/bootpd Identifier: bootpd Version: ??? (???) Code Type: X86-64 (Native) Parent Process: launchd [1] Date/Time: 2010-08-12 16:54:59.713 -0400 OS Version: Mac OS X Server 10.6.4 (10F569) Report Version: 6 Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT) Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000 Crashed Thread: 0 Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread Application Specific Information: __abort() called Thread 0 Crashed: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff803c13d6 __kill + 10 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff80461913 __abort + 103 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff80456157 mach_msg_receive + 0 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x00007fff803b92cf __strncpy_chk + 14 4 bootpd 0x0000000100014e5d PLCache_read + 782 5 bootpd 0x0000000100004a3d BSDPClients_init + 68 6 bootpd 0x00000001000053b5 bsdp_init + 2396 7 bootpd 0x000000010000200b S_update_services + 1228 8 bootpd 0x0000000100002344 S_server_loop + 571 9 bootpd 0x0000000100003963 main + 1766 10 bootpd 0x0000000100000984 start + 52 Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit): rax: 0x0000000000000000 rbx: 0x00007fff5fbfe220 rcx: 0x00007fff5fbfe218 rdx: 0x0000000000000000 rdi: 0x0000000000000df4 rsi: 0x0000000000000006 rbp: 0x00007fff5fbfe240 rsp: 0x00007fff5fbfe218 r8: 0x0000000000000001 r9: 0x0000000100114280 r10: 0x00007fff803bd412 r11: 0xffffff80002e1680 r12: 0xffffffffffffffff r13: 0x00007fff5fbfe330 r14: 0x00007fff5fbfe33b r15: 0x00007fff7009bec0 rip: 0x00007fff803c13d6 rfl: 0x0000000000000202 cr2: 0x000000010004c000 Any thoughts or suggestions as to resolving this?

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• Apache Alias subfolder and starting with dot

  - by MauricioOtta

  I have a multi purpose server running ArchLinux that currently serves multiple virtual hosts from /var/www/domains/EXAMPLE.COM/html /var/www/domains/EXAMPLE2.COM/html I deploy those websites (mostly using Kohana framework) using a Jenkins job by checking out the project, removes the .git folder and ssh-copy the tar.gz to /var/www/domains/ on the server and untars it. Since I don't want to have to re-install phpMyAdmin after each deploy, I decided to use an alias. I would like the alias to be something like /.tools/phpMyAdmin/ so I could have more "tools" later if I wanted to. I have tried just changing the default httpd-phpmyadmin.conf that was installed by following the official WIKI: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Phpmyadmin Alias /.tools/phpMyAdmin/ "/usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin" <Directory "/usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin"> AllowOverride All Options FollowSymlinks Order allow,deny Allow from all php_admin_value open_basedir "/var/www/:/tmp/:/usr/share/webapps/:/etc/webapps:/usr/share/pear/" </Directory> Changing only that, doesn't seem to work with my current setup on the server, and apache forwards the request to the framework which 404s (as there's no route to handle /.tools/phpAdmin). I have Mass Virtual hosting enable and setup like this: # # Use name-based virtual hosting. # NameVirtualHost *:8000 # get the server name from the Host: header UseCanonicalName On # splittable logs LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon <Directory /var/www/domains> # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> RewriteEngine On # a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower ## deal with normal documents first: # allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/ # allow CGIs to work RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/ # do the magic RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} ^(www\.|)(.*) RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /var/www/domains/${lowercase:%2}/html/$1 ## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a MIME type RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/ RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /var/www/domains/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [T=application/x-httpd-cgi] There is also nginx running on this server on port 80 as a reverse proxy for Apache: location ~ \.php$ { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000; } Everything else was setup by following the official WIKI so I don't think those would cause trouble. Do I need to have the alias for phpMyAdmin setup along the mass virtual hosting or can it be in a separate include file for that alias to work?

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• flashcache with mdadm and LVM

  - by Backtogeek

  I am having trouble setting up flashcache on a system with LVM and mdadm, I suspect I am either just missing an obvious step or getting some mapping wrong and hoped someone could point me in the right direction? system info: CentOS 6.4 64 bit mdadm config md0 : active raid1 sdd3[2] sde3[3] sdf3[4] sdg3[5] sdh3[1] sda3[0] 204736 blocks super 1.0 [6/6] [UUUUUU] md2 : active raid6 sdd5[2] sde5[3] sdf5[4] sdg5[5] sdh5[1] sda5[0] 3794905088 blocks super 1.1 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [6/6] [UUUUUU] md3 : active raid0 sdc1[1] sdb1[0] 250065920 blocks super 1.1 512k chunks md1 : active raid10 sdh1[1] sda1[0] sdd1[2] sdf1[4] sdg1[5] sde1[3] 76749312 blocks super 1.1 512K chunks 2 near-copies [6/6] [UUUUUU] pcsvan PV /dev/mapper/ssdcache VG Xenvol lvm2 [3.53 TiB / 3.53 TiB free] Total: 1 [3.53 TiB] / in use: 1 [3.53 TiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ] flashcache create command used: flashcache_create -p back ssdcache /dev/md3 /dev/md2 pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/mapper/ssdcache VG Name Xenvol PV Size 3.53 TiB / not usable 106.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 128.00 MiB Total PE 28952 Free PE 28912 Allocated PE 40 PV UUID w0ENVR-EjvO-gAZ8-TQA1-5wYu-ISOk-pJv7LV vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name Xenvol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 3.53 TiB PE Size 128.00 MiB Total PE 28952 Alloc PE / Size 40 / 5.00 GiB Free PE / Size 28912 / 3.53 TiB VG UUID 7vfKWh-ENPb-P8dV-jVlb-kP0o-1dDd-N8zzYj So that is where I am at, I thought that was the job done however when creating a logical volume called test and mounting it is /mnt/test the sequential write is pathetic, 60 ish MB/s /dev/md3 has 2 x SSD's in Raid0 which alone is performing at around 800 MB/s sequential write and I am trying to cache /dev/md2 which is 6 x 1TB drives in raid6 I have read a number of pages through the day and some of them here, it is obvious from the results that the cache is not functioning but I am unsure why. I have added the filter line in the lvm.conf filter = [ "r|/dev/sdb|", "r|/dev/sdc|", "r|/dev/md3|" ] It is probably something silly but the cache is clearly performing no writes so I suspect I am not mapping it or have not mounted the cache correctly. dmsetup status ssdcache: 0 7589810176 flashcache stats: reads(142), writes(0) read hits(133), read hit percent(93) write hits(0) write hit percent(0) dirty write hits(0) dirty write hit percent(0) replacement(0), write replacement(0) write invalidates(0), read invalidates(0) pending enqueues(0), pending inval(0) metadata dirties(0), metadata cleans(0) metadata batch(0) metadata ssd writes(0) cleanings(0) fallow cleanings(0) no room(0) front merge(0) back merge(0) force_clean_block(0) disk reads(9), disk writes(0) ssd reads(133) ssd writes(9) uncached reads(0), uncached writes(0), uncached IO requeue(0) disk read errors(0), disk write errors(0) ssd read errors(0) ssd write errors(0) uncached sequential reads(0), uncached sequential writes(0) pid_adds(0), pid_dels(0), pid_drops(0) pid_expiry(0) lru hot blocks(31136000), lru warm blocks(31136000) lru promotions(0), lru demotions(0) Xenvol-test: 0 10485760 linear I have included as much info as I can think of, look forward to any replies.

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• Active Directory Corrupted In Windows Small Business Server 2011 - Server No Longer Domain Controller

  - by ThinkerIV

  I have a rather bad problem with my Windows SBS 2011. First of all, I'll give the background to what caused the problem. I was setting up a new small business server network. I had my job about finished. The server was working great, all the workstations had joined the domain, and I had all my applications and data moved to the server. I thought I was done. But then it happened. I tried adding one more computer to the domain, and to my dismay the computer name was set to the same name as the server. Apparently when a computer joins a domain with the same name as another machine that is already on the domain, it overrides the first one. For normal workstations, this is not a big deal, you just delete the computer from AD and rejoin the original computer to the domain. However, for a server that is the domain controller it is a whole different story. Since the server got overridden in AD, it is no longer the domain controller. The DNS service is not working and all kinds of other services are failing also. So the question is, what are my options? I am embarrassed to admit it, but since this is a new server one thing I did not have setup yet was backup. So I have no backups to work from. I am worried that things are broken enough that I might need to do a reinstall. However, I already have several days worth of configuration into this server, so I would obviously prefer if there was a fix that would prevent me from needing to do a reinstall. All the server components are there and installed correctly, but they are misconfigured (I think it is basically just Active Directory). So I have the feeling that if I did the right thing I could solve the issue without a reinstall. Is there anyway to rerun the component that installs the initial configuration to "convert" the base windows server 2008 r2 install into a SBS? In other words in the program files folder there is an application called SBSsetup.exe, is there anyway to rerun this and have it reconfigure AD, etc. to work with SBS? Any insight will be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• Nagios shell script cannot be executed

  - by MeinAccount

  I'm trying to monitor GitLab with nagios. I've created the following command definition and shell script but when checking the service I'm receiving the following e-mail. How can I solve this? The file is executable. [...] nagios : 3 incorrect password attempts ; TTY=unknown ; PWD=/ ; USER=git ; COMMAND=/bin/bash -c /var/lib/nagios/custom_plugins/check_gitlab.sh Command definition: define command { command_name custom_check_gitlab command_line /var/lib/nagios/custom_plugins/check_gitlab.sh } Shell script: #! /bin/sh # [...] RAILS_ENV="production" # Script variable names should be lower-case not to conflict with internal /bin/sh variables such as PATH, EDITOR or SHELL. app_root="/home/git/gitlab" app_user="git" unicorn_conf="$app_root/config/unicorn.rb" pid_path="$app_root/tmp/pids" socket_path="$app_root/tmp/sockets" web_server_pid_path="$pid_path/unicorn.pid" sidekiq_pid_path="$pid_path/sidekiq.pid" ### Here ends user configuration ### # Switch to the app_user if it is not he/she who is running the script. if [ "$USER" != "$app_user" ]; then sudo -u "$app_user" -H -i $0 "$@"; exit; fi # Switch to the gitlab path, if it fails exit with an error. if ! cd "$app_root" ; then echo "Failed to cd into $app_root, exiting!"; exit 1 fi ### Init Script functions check_pids(){ if ! mkdir -p "$pid_path"; then echo "Could not create the path $pid_path needed to store the pids." exit 1 fi # If there exists a file which should hold the value of the Unicorn pid: read it. if [ -f "$web_server_pid_path" ]; then wpid=$(cat "$web_server_pid_path") else wpid=0 fi if [ -f "$sidekiq_pid_path" ]; then spid=$(cat "$sidekiq_pid_path") else spid=0 fi } # Checks whether the different parts of the service are already running or not. check_status(){ check_pids # If the web server is running kill -0 $wpid returns true, or rather 0. # Checks of *_status should only check for == 0 or != 0, never anything else. if [ $wpid -ne 0 ]; then kill -0 "$wpid" 2>/dev/null web_status="$?" else web_status="-1" fi if [ $spid -ne 0 ]; then kill -0 "$spid" 2>/dev/null sidekiq_status="$?" else sidekiq_status="-1" fi } check_pids check_status if [ "$web_status" != "0" -a "$sidekiq_status" != "0" ]; then echo "GitLab is not running." exit 2 fi if [ "$web_status" != "0" ]; then printf "The GitLab Unicorn webserver is \033[31mnot running\033[0m.\n" exit 1 fi if [ "$sidekiq_status" != "0" ]; then printf "The GitLab Sidekiq job dispatcher is \033[31mnot running\033[0m.\n" exit 1 fi if [ "$web_status" = "0" -a "$sidekiq_status" = "0" ]; then printf "GitLab and all it's components are \033[32mup and running\033[0m.\n" exit 0 fi

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• Unable to locate Windows Server Error log files

  - by Sam007

  I am getting an error in my application on 500 Internal Server Error. The firebug gives me, NetworkError: 500 Internal Server Error - http://webgis.arizona.edu/ArcGIS/rest/services/webGIS/Shock_Models/GPServer/Income_Log/jobs/jc09c501156564f71abc5d98393581267/results/final_shp?dpi=96&transparent=true&format=png8&imageSR=102100&f=image&bbox=%7B%22xmin%22%3A-14519891.438356264%2C%22ymin%22%3A637618.0139790997%2C%22xmax%22%3A-6692739.741956295%2C%22ymax%22%3A6507981.786279075%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A102100%7D%7D&bboxSR=102100&size=800%2C600 And when I goto that particular link, I get this error, Server Error - Object reference not set to an instance of an object. Any idea how I can correct it? UPDATE I was told to use fiddler and see the error details that is occurring over the network and this is the output that I got, SESSION STATE: Done. Response Entity Size: 849 bytes. == FLAGS ================== BitFlags: [ClientPipeReused, ServerPipeReused] 0x18 X-CLIENTPORT: 2010 X-RESPONSEBODYTRANSFERLENGTH: 849 X-EGRESSPORT: 2023 X-HOSTIP: 128.196.53.161 X-PROCESSINFO: firefox:2248 X-CLIENTIP: 127.0.0.1 X-SERVERSOCKET: REUSE ServerPipe#2 == TIMING INFO ============ ClientConnected: 15:53:51.383 ClientBeginRequest: 15:53:51.494 GotRequestHeaders: 15:53:51.494 ClientDoneRequest: 15:53:51.494 Determine Gateway: 0ms DNS Lookup: 0ms TCP/IP Connect: 0ms HTTPS Handshake: 0ms ServerConnected: 15:52:45.077 FiddlerBeginRequest: 15:53:51.495 ServerGotRequest: 15:53:51.495 ServerBeginResponse: 15:53:51.679 GotResponseHeaders: 15:53:51.679 ServerDoneResponse: 15:53:51.679 ClientBeginResponse: 15:53:51.679 ClientDoneResponse: 15:53:51.679 Overall Elapsed: 00:00:00.1850106 The response was buffered before delivery to the client. == WININET CACHE INFO ============ This URL is not present in the WinINET cache. [Code: 2] * Note: Data above shows WinINET's current cache state, not the state at the time of the request. * Note: Data above shows WinINET's Medium Integrity (non-Protected Mode) cache only. But I am still confused as to what the error is? This is the application. I am not sure if the error is due to the ArcGIS-Server or the Windows Server 2008. I am new on working with the Windows Server and wanted to know where can I look for the error lof files? This is the link which gives the details and the log info of the job executed. This is the output.

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• OS X server large scale storage and backup

  - by user135217

  I really hope this question doesn't come across as trolling or asking for buying advice. It's not intended. I've just started working for a small ad agency (40 employees). I actually quit being a system administrator a few years ago (too stressful!), but the company we're currently outsourcing our IT stuff to is doing such a bad job that I've felt compelled to get involved and do what I can to improve things. At the moment, all the company's data is stored on an 8TB external firewire drive attached to a Mac Mini running OS X Server 10.6, which provides filesharing (using AFP) for the whole company. There is a single backup drive, which is actually a caddy containing two 3TB hard drives arranged in RAID 0 (arrggghhhh!), which someone brings in as and when and copies over all the data using Carbon Copy Cloner. That's the entirety of the infrastructure, and the whole backup and restore strategy. I've been having sleepless nights. I've just started augmenting the backup process with FreeBSD, ZFS, sparse bundles and snapshot sends to get everything offsite. I think this is a workable behind the scenes solution, but for people's day to day use I'm struggling. Given the quantity and importance of the data, I think we should really be looking towards enterprise level storage solutions, high availability and so on, but the whole company is all Mac all the time, and I cannot find equipment that will do what we need. No more Xserve; no rack storage; no large scale storage at all apart from that Pegasus R6 that doesn't seem all that great; the Mac Pro has fibre channel, but it's not a real server and it's ludicrously expensive; Xsan looks like it's on the way out; things like heartbeatd and failoverd have apparently been removed from Lion Server; the new Mac Mini only has thunderbolt which severely limits our choices; the list goes on and on. I'm really, really not trying to troll here. I love Macs, but I just genuinely don't know where I'm supposed to look for server stuff. I have considered Linux or FreeBSD and netatalk for serving files with all the server-y goodness those OSes bring, but some the things I've read make me wonder if it's really the way to go. Also, in my own (admittedly quite cursory) experiments with it, I've struggled to get decent transfer speeds. I guess there's also the possibility of switching everyone off AFP and making them use SMB or NFS, but I understand that this can cause big problems with resource forks and file locks. I figure there must be plenty of all Mac companies out there. If you're the sysadmin at one, what do you use? Any suggestions very gratefully received.

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• What is the current state of Ubuntu's transition from init scripts to Upstart? [migrated]

  - by Adam Eberlin

  What is the current state of Ubuntu's transition from init.d scripts to upstart? I was curious, so I compared the contents of /etc/init.d/ to /etc/init/ on one of our development machines, which is running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Server. # /etc/init.d/ # /etc/init/ acpid acpid.conf apache2 --------------------------- apparmor --------------------------- apport apport.conf atd atd.conf bind9 --------------------------- bootlogd --------------------------- cgroup-lite cgroup-lite.conf --------------------------- console.conf console-setup console-setup.conf --------------------------- container-detect.conf --------------------------- control-alt-delete.conf cron cron.conf dbus dbus.conf dmesg dmesg.conf dns-clean --------------------------- friendly-recovery --------------------------- --------------------------- failsafe.conf --------------------------- flush-early-job-log.conf --------------------------- friendly-recovery.conf grub-common --------------------------- halt --------------------------- hostname hostname.conf hwclock hwclock.conf hwclock-save hwclock-save.conf irqbalance irqbalance.conf killprocs --------------------------- lxc lxc.conf lxc-net lxc-net.conf module-init-tools module-init-tools.conf --------------------------- mountall.conf --------------------------- mountall-net.conf --------------------------- mountall-reboot.conf --------------------------- mountall-shell.conf --------------------------- mounted-debugfs.conf --------------------------- mounted-dev.conf --------------------------- mounted-proc.conf --------------------------- mounted-run.conf --------------------------- mounted-tmp.conf --------------------------- mounted-var.conf networking networking.conf network-interface network-interface.conf network-interface-container network-interface-container.conf network-interface-security network-interface-security.conf newrelic-sysmond --------------------------- ondemand --------------------------- plymouth plymouth.conf plymouth-log plymouth-log.conf plymouth-splash plymouth-splash.conf plymouth-stop plymouth-stop.conf plymouth-upstart-bridge plymouth-upstart-bridge.conf postgresql --------------------------- pppd-dns --------------------------- procps procps.conf rc rc.conf rc.local --------------------------- rcS rcS.conf --------------------------- rc-sysinit.conf reboot --------------------------- resolvconf resolvconf.conf rsync --------------------------- rsyslog rsyslog.conf screen-cleanup screen-cleanup.conf sendsigs --------------------------- setvtrgb setvtrgb.conf --------------------------- shutdown.conf single --------------------------- skeleton --------------------------- ssh ssh.conf stop-bootlogd --------------------------- stop-bootlogd-single --------------------------- sudo --------------------------- --------------------------- tty1.conf --------------------------- tty2.conf --------------------------- tty3.conf --------------------------- tty4.conf --------------------------- tty5.conf --------------------------- tty6.conf udev udev.conf udev-fallback-graphics udev-fallback-graphics.conf udev-finish udev-finish.conf udevmonitor udevmonitor.conf udevtrigger udevtrigger.conf ufw ufw.conf umountfs --------------------------- umountnfs.sh --------------------------- umountroot --------------------------- --------------------------- upstart-socket-bridge.conf --------------------------- upstart-udev-bridge.conf urandom --------------------------- --------------------------- ureadahead.conf --------------------------- ureadahead-other.conf --------------------------- wait-for-state.conf whoopsie whoopsie.conf To be honest, I'm not entirely sure if I'm interpreting the division of responsibilities properly, as I didn't expect to see any overlap (of what framework handles which services). So I was quite surprised to learn that there was a significant amount of overlap in service references, in addition to being unable to discern which of the two was intended to be the primary service framework. Why does there seem to be a fair amount of redundancy in individual service handling between init.d and upstart? Is something else at play here that I'm missing? What is preventing upstart from completely taking over for init.d? Is there some functionality that certain daemons require which upstart does not yet have, which are preventing some services from converting? Or is it something else entirely?

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• Deployment/provisioning tool for commercial applications (not developed in-house)

  - by mfinni

  I help manage a few hosted commercial applications, and we have a lot of manual processes involved when doing new customer-instance deployments into the shared (multitenant) environment. Allow me to describe the most relevant features, and then we can talk about the tools. We have an application on AIX, that requires dozens of changes to config files (some plain text, some XML) as well as a good number of commands to be run on multiple servers - some to start the new instance, some to restart our shared authentication and reporting engines, etc. The config changes follow templates, of course. The servers in question will also depend on the initial conditions specified by the implementer/deployer - we may choose to deploy a given customer to our servers in Europe, or one set of servers may be active-active whereas a different set of servers is active-passive - in short, there's a lot of complications. We have another application that run on IIS 6 and SQL. The DBAs don't want any automation of the SQL components and that's fine with me, but automating the IIS bit would be great. For a new customer instance, we make a filesystem copy of a template Virtual Directory target named after the new customer, make a new AppPool to match, edit a VirDir template .xml file to replace the filepaths and AppPool names with the new ones, and then make a new VirDir from the modified template XML to point to the new filesystem folder and app pool. For the first case, something like ControlTier or Chef might be good. For the second, the new(ish) Web Deploy from MS would probably do a good job. Has anyone used these tools or others to do something similar for applications? More of a nice-to-have, not a fixed requirement - Has anyone used anything that works on both platforms? I'm looking for something free, because the official word is that within a year, we will have whatever HP has renamed the OpsWare suite, which should be able to do stuff like this. Edit - based on someone's suggestion, looking at CFengine for the AIX application, it doesn't seem to address my pain. The problem isn't keeping a given config synced across dozens of servers, we have rsync for that. The problem is that onboarding a new customer instance touches dozens of files, putting pieces of the same or similar information into them - some are new stanzas in existing files, some are new files, and some are new directories. This is a several-hours-long process that is also error-prone because it's mostly done by hand. I guess I'm looking for config-file generation and management. I have built a small Perl script to do something similar for a much smaller case - it binds a CSV file into variables, and then does a copy-and-search-and-replace from a set of template config files. I could probably do the same here.

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• Postfix + SASLAUTHD + MySQL authentication problems

  - by Or W

  I've been trying to sort this out for the past 6 hours or so, this is the error message I'm facing (Running CentOS x64): /var/log/maillog: Jun 22 20:42:49 ptroa postfix/smtpd[10130]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Jun 22 20:42:49 ptroa postfix/smtpd[10130]: warning: bzq-79-177-192-133.red.bezeqint.net[79.177.192.133]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure Jun 22 20:42:49 ptroa postfix/smtpd[10130]: warning: bzq-79-177-192-133.red.bezeqint.net[79.177.192.133]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: authentication failure /var/log/messages: Jun 22 20:15:38 ptroa saslauthd[9401]: do_auth : auth failure: [user=myuser] [service=smtp] [realm=domain.com] [mech=pam] [reason=PAM auth error] I have dovecot installed as well and I'm able to receive emails via the MySQL authentication. The problem is when I'm trying to use SMTP to send out emails. Some config files: /etc/postfix/main.cf: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = Server Message biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = domain.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination virtual_create_maildirsize = yes virtual_maildir_extended = yes proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_cano$ virtual_transport = dovecot dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 /etc/default/saslauthd: START=yes DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" /etc/pam.d/smtp: #%PAM-1.0 #auth include password-auth #account include password-auth auth required pam_mysql.so user=mail_admin passwd=password host=127.0.0.1 db=mail table=users usercolumn=email passwdcolumn=password crypt=1 verbose=1 account sufficient pam_mysql.so user=mail_admin passwd=password host=127.0.0.1 db=mail table=users usercolumn=email passwdcolumn=password crypt=1 verbose=1

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• Switch flooding when bonding interfaces in Linux

  - by John Philips

  +--------+ | Host A | +----+---+ | eth0 (AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA) | | +----+-----+ | Switch 1 | (layer2/3) +----+-----+ | +----+-----+ | Switch 2 | +----+-----+ | +----------+----------+ +-------------------------+ Switch 3 +-------------------------+ | +----+-----------+----+ | | | | | | | | | | eth0 (B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0) | | eth4 (B4:B4:B4:B4:B4:B4) | | +----+-----------+----+ | | | Host B | | | +----+-----------+----+ | | eth1 (B1:B1:B1:B1:B1:B1) | | eth5 (B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5) | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+ +------------------------------+ Topology overview Host A has a single NIC. Host B has four NICs which are bonded using the balance-alb mode. Both hosts run RHEL 6.0, and both are on the same IPv4 subnet. Traffic analysis Host A is sending data to Host B using some SQL database application. Traffic from Host A to Host B: The source int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA, the destination int/MAC is eth5/B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Traffic from Host B to Host A: The source int/MAC is eth0/B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0, the destination int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA. Once the TCP connection has been established, Host B sends no further frames out eth5. The MAC address of eth5 expires from the bridge tables of both Switch 1 & Switch 2. Switch 1 continues to receive frames from Host A which are destined for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Because Switch 1 and Switch 2 no longer have bridge table entries for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5, they flood the frames out all ports on the same VLAN (except for the one it came in on, of course). Reproduce If you ping Host B from a workstation which is connected to either Switch 1 or 2, B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5 re-enters the bridge tables and the flooding stops. After five minutes (the default bridge table timeout), flooding resumes. Question It is clear that on Host B, frames arrive on eth5 and exit out eth0. This seems ok as that's what the Linux bonding algorithm is designed to do - balance incoming and outgoing traffic. But since the switch stops receiving frames with the source MAC of eth5, it gets timed out of the bridge table, resulting in flooding. Is this normal? Why aren't any more frames originating from eth5? Is it because there is simply no other traffic going on (the only connection is a single large data transfer from Host A)? I've researched this for a long time and haven't found an answer. Documentation states that no switch changes are necessary when using mode 6 of the Linux interface bonding (balance-alb). Is this behavior occurring because Host B doesn't send any further packets out of eth5, whereas in normal circumstances it's expected that it would? One solution is to setup a cron job which pings Host B to keep the bridge table entries from timing out, but that seems like a dirty hack.

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• Vista stuck at "Shutting down..." screen. Any way to get verbose logging?

  - by CapBBeard

  Hi all, My home machine has been running fine for about 3 years, no problems at all. Within the last couple of weeks it's had real trouble trying to shut down. It'll get so far and then just sit there at the "Shutting down..." screen for hours. I've left it overnight, I've tried in safe mode, all to no avail. These days, I just wait for the disk activity to finish up and then hold the power button to turn it off. Feels dirty as, especially because there's a RAID involved! The hardware itself is in pretty good shape and of decent spec; Core 2 Quad, 4GB RAM, 1TB RAID 1+0, so it's not quite like a 7 year old PC coming to end of life! In the last month, hardware hasn't changed except for a new monitor. Admittedly I haven't tried unplugging the monitor but I've never heard of that preventing a shutdown. I might give it a whirl later I guess, as a last resort. I've uninstalled old apps, done updates, checked the event log, looked in device manager, uninstalled all non-present devices, disabled various non-critical devices (imaging, audio etc), unplugged peripherals, stopped non-essential services, unplugged the network, disabled the network adapter entirely, ran chkdsk, verified my RAID, the list goes on. But not a single lead. I'm pretty stumped. It could be hardware, but I have no other evidence to suggest so; when the PC is running, it runs fine. Temperatures are good, gaming is smooth as always, disk performance is fine. Event log even makes it look like the shutdown was completed (gets to the point where the event log service stops). In fact, the PC doesn't appear to realise that I cut the power to it. So my question is, does anyone know if there is a way I can get some verbose output (or a log) from shutdown to give me some idea of what is causing the issue? I'm guessing it's stuck unloading some app/driver but it would be good to get some specifics! Unless anyone has any other ideas? I suspect a reinstall would resolve the issue, however I'm looking to get a new PC built in the next month or so, and the reinstall is going to be quite a big job so I'd rather just wait until then if it comes to that. Would still be nice to get this sorted in the mean time though. Cheers!

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• Creating a network link between 2 very close buildings

  - by Daniel Johnson

  I have a charity who have two adjacent medium sized modern detached houses (in the UK): the buildings stand next to each other and are less than 5 metres apart. They have DSL connected to a single computer in one of the buildings. They want to add a network with wireless, and want it to work across both buildings. Being a charity they need to keep costs down. The network would be used for sharing Word documents, e-mail, browsing and skyping. My initial thoughts were to connect the buildings with fibre. So: Option 1 Use fibre between the buildings. Sufficient cable and two TP-LINK MC100CM Fast Ethernet Media Converters. Cost ~£80.00. But there is the extra cost and hassle of running the cable down and up the external walls, lifting and relaying paving, and burying underground. Never having fitted fibre I'm also a little worried about going up the wall and then bending the cable at 90 degrees to go through the wall and into the building. Option 2 Use two TP-Link TL-WA7510N High Powered Outdoor 5Ghz 15dBi Wireless antennas to connect the buildings. There is a clear line of sight at first floor level. Cost ~£100. And much easier to fit than fibre! Is using the TL-WA7510Ns overkill? Is there something more suitable? I had hoped to use some Netgear stuff, e.g. two DGN2200, one in each house and also use them to provide the wireless link between the buildings. However, in bridge mode wireless client association is not available and repeater mode with client association only supports WEP security which isn't strong enough. Is there something similar that would be up to the job? Option 3 Connect the buildings with UTP cable. My concerns here are risk of electric shock due to a difference of potential between the buildings (or are they so close this shouldn't be an issue) and protection from lightning strikes. Is fitting lighting arrestors expensive? And what can be done to ameliorate against the risk of shock? This all falls outside my area of expertise so I would really appreciate some advice.

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• Ubuntu and Postfix Configuration Issues

  - by Obi Hill

  I recently installed postfix on Ubuntu Natty. I'm having a problem with the configuration. Firstly here is my postfix configuration file: # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. mydomain = $myorigin myhostname = mail.nairanode.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual # this is for the mailbox location for each user virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there) # not used yet # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 mydestination = $myorigin, $myhostname, localhost.localdomain, , localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all #mynetworks_style = host # ADDITIONAL unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_$ # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.n$ # Requirement for the recipient address smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_do$ # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes Here is also my /etc/postfix/aliases: # See man 5 aliases for format postmaster: root Here is also my /etc/mailname: nairanode.com I've also updated my hostname to nairanode.com However, when I run postalias /etc/postfix/aliases I get the following : postalias: warning: valid_hostname: invalid character 47(decimal): /etc/mailname postalias: fatal: file /etc/postfix/main.cf: parameter mydomain: bad parameter value: /etc/mailname Is there something I'm doing wrong?! I noticed that when I replace myorigin = /etc/mailname with myorigin = nairanode.com in my postfix config, I don't see any errors anymore after calling postalias. Is this a bug or something?!

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• Why won't my Windows 8 Command line update its path

  - by mawcsco

  I needed to add a new entry to my PATH variable. This is a common activity for me in my job, but I've recently started using Windows 8. I assumed the process would be similar to Windows 7, Vista, XP... Here's my sequence of events: Open System properties (Start- [type "Control Panel"] - Control Panel\System and Security\System - Advanced system settings - Environment Variables) Add the new path to beginning of my USER PATH variable (C:\dev\Java\apache-ant-1.8.4\bin;) Opened a command prompt (Start - [type "command prompt" enter] - [type "path" enter] My new path entry is not available (see attached image and vide). I Duplicated the exact same process on a Windows 7 machine and it worked. EDIT Windows 8 Environment Variables and Command Prompt video EDIT This is definitely not the behavior of Windows 7. Watch this video to see the behavior I expect working in Windows 7. http://youtu.be/95JXY5X0fII EDIT 5/31/2013 So, after much frustration, I wrote a small C# app to test the WM_SETTINGCHANGE event. This code receives the event in both Windows 7 and Windows 8. However, in Windows 8 on my system, I do not get the correct path; but, I do in Windows 7. This could not be reproduced in other Windows 8 systems. Here is the C# code. using System; using Microsoft.Win32; public sealed class App { static void Main() { SystemEvents.UserPreferenceChanging += new UserPreferenceChangingEventHandler(OnUserPreferenceChanging); Console.WriteLine("Waiting for system events."); Console.WriteLine("Press <Enter> to exit."); Console.ReadLine(); } static void OnUserPreferenceChanging(object sender, UserPreferenceChangingEventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine("The user preference is changing. Category={0}", e.Category); Console.WriteLine("path={0}", System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PATH")); } } OnUserPreferenceChanging is equivalent to WM_SETTINGCHANGE C# program running in Windows 7 (you can see the event come through and it picks up the correct path). C# program running in Windows 8 (you can see the event come through, but the wrong path). There is something about my environment that is precipitating this problem. However, is this a Windows 8 bug?

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• Will spreading your servers load not just consume more recourses

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am running a heavy real-time updating website. The amount of recourses needed per user are quite high, ill give you an example. Setup Every visit The application is php/mysql so on every visit static and dynamic content is loaded. Recourses: apache,php,mysql Every second (no more than a second will just be too long) The website needs to be updated real-time so every second there is an ajax call thats updates the website. Recourses: jQuery,apache,php,mysql Avarage spending for single user (spending one minute and visited 3 pages) Apache: +/- 63 requests / responsess serving static and dynamic content (img,css,js,html) php: +/- 63 requests / responses mysql: +/- 63 requests / responses jquery: +/- 60 requests / responses Optimization I want to optimize this process, but I think that maybe it would be just the same in the end. Before implementing and testing (which will take weeks) I wanted to have some second opinions from you guys. Every visit I want to start off with having nginx in the front and work as a proxy to deliver the static content. Recources: Dynamic: apache,php,mysql Static: nginx This will spread the load on apache a lot. Every Second For the script that loads every second I want to set up Node.js server side javascript with nginx in te front. I want to set it up that jquery makes a request ones a minute, and node.js streams the data to the client every second. Recources: jQuery,nginx,node.js,mysql Avarage spending for single user (spending one minute and visited 3 pages) Nginx: 4 requests / responsess serving mostly static conetent(img,css,js) Apache: 3 requests only the pages php: 3 requests only the pages node.js: 1 request / 60 responses jquery: 1 request / 60 responses mysql: 63 requests / responses Optimization As you can see in the optimisation the load from Apache and PHP are lifted and places on nginx and node.js. These are known for there light footprint and good performance. But I am having my doubts, because there are still 2 programs extra loaded in the memory and they consume cpu. So it it better to have less programs that do the job, or more. Before I am going to spend a lot of time setting this up I would like to know if it will be worth the while.

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• Educate me - should I buy these prebuilt NAS (which is better) or make my own?

  - by user29336

  I'm trying to learn as much as possible, and I think I've learned quite a bit so bear with me here under my confusion. I found a coupe NAS setups. I'm not sure if one is better than the other, other than the price being higher on some, and some coming with drives VS not. Let me list my setup so you can get an idea of what I want to provide: Macbook Pro Macbook Mini for Media streaming (so far) Windows 7 Gaming Computer Xbox 360 I'd like to provide a storage system for all these devices so they can access files very easily, I'd also like any of these devices to be able to stream media from this storage system. I'd like this storage system to be hassle free in terms of my confidence in the data integrity. If a drive fails, I want to know that I can replace the drive and all my files will still exist. I'd like to access this storage system OUTSIDE of my LAN. If I'm out on a job for work I'd like to go in, or be able to have people DL some files. This brings me to a question, is this what iSCSI is? I'd like this data system to be able to download torrents. I want to mount any drive on this storage system onto my OSX laptop as if it were a local drive attached. (Is this with iSCSI is?) I'd like this system to have a GOOD web based GUI. I don't want to install software to use it. I believe those are the most of my requirements. If I'm missing something that I have no knowledge about, can someone educate me? Here are the systems I found: $729ish on Newegg Lacie 5Big Network 2 (comes with 5TB of space. iSCSI / mac compatible, torrents, nice ui, + others?) Is this overpriced for what it provides? It almost seems like a great deal to me because of the 5TB of space it comes with vs the other NAS systems that don't come with storage but cost $600-700. Should I get a different NAS system? Netgear? Others? Do they have same features? Better? Is it better to buy your own disks? What about making my own? I'm tech savy all around. It seems cheaper to buy a premade one especially with the support/warranty it provides...

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• My server's been hacked EMERGENCY

  - by Grant unwin

  I'm on my way into work at 9.30 p.m. on a Sunday because our server has been compromised somehow and was resulting in a DOS attack on our provider. The servers access to the Internet has been shut down which means over 5-600 of our clients sites are now down. Now this could be an FTP hack, or some weakness in code somewhere. I'm not sure till I get there. How can I track this down quickly? We're in for a whole lot of litigation if I don't get the server back up ASAP. Any help is appreciated. UPDATE Thanks to everyone for your help. Luckily I WASN'T the only person responsible for this server, just the nearest. We managed to resolve this problem, although it may not apply to many others in a different situation. I'll detail what we did. We unplugged the server from the net. It was performing (attempting to perform) a Denial Of Service attack on another server in Indonesia, and the guilty party was also based there. We firstly tried to identify where on the server this was coming from, considering we have over 500 sites on the server, we expected to be moonlighting for some time. However, with SSH access still, we ran a command to find all files edited or created in the time the attacks started. Luckily, the offending file was created over the winter holidays which meant that not many other files were created on the server at that time. We were then able to identify the offending file which was inside the uploaded images folder within a ZenCart website. After a short cigarette break we concluded that, due to the files location, it must have been uploaded via a file upload facility that was inadequetly secured. After some googling, we found that there was a security vulnerability that allowed files to be uploaded, within the ZenCart admin panel, for a picture for a record company. (The section that it never really even used), posting this form just uploaded any file, it did not check the extension of the file, and didn't even check to see if the user was logged in. This meant that any files could be uploaded, including a PHP file for the attack. We secured the vulnerability with ZenCart on the infected site, and removed the offending files. The job was done, and I was home for 2 a.m. The Moral - Always apply security patches for ZenCart, or any other CMS system for that matter. As when security updates are released, the whole world is made aware of the vulnerability. - Always do backups, and backup your backups. - Employ or arrange for someone that will be there in times like these. To prevent anyone from relying on a panicy post on Server Fault. Happy servering!

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• Is this iptables NAT exploitable from the external side?

  - by Karma Fusebox

  Could you please have a short look on this simple iptables/NAT-Setup, I believe it has a fairly serious security issue (due to being too simple). On this network there is one internet-connected machine (running Debian Squeeze/2.6.32-5 with iptables 1.4.8) acting as NAT/Gateway for the handful of clients in 192.168/24. The machine has two NICs: eth0: internet-faced eth1: LAN-faced, 192.168.0.1, the default GW for 192.168/24 Routing table is two-NICs-default without manual changes: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 (externalNet) 0.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 (externalGW) 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 The NAT is then enabled only and merely by these actions, there are no more iptables rules: echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward /sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # (all iptables policies are ACCEPT) This does the job, but I miss several things here which I believe could be a security issue: there is no restriction about allowed source interfaces or source networks at all there is no firewalling part such as: (set policies to DROP) /sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT And thus, the questions of my sleepless nights are: Is this NAT-service available to anyone in the world who sets this machine as his default gateway? I'd say yes it is, because there is nothing indicating that an incoming external connection (via eth0) should be handled any different than an incoming internal connection (via eth1) as long as the output-interface is eth0 - and routing-wise that holds true for both external und internal clients that want to access the internet. So if I am right, anyone could use this machine as open proxy by having his packets NATted here. So please tell me if that's right or why it is not. As a "hotfix" I have added a "-s 192.168.0.0/24" option to the NAT-starting command. I would like to know if not using this option was indeed a security issue or just irrelevant thanks to some mechanism I am not aware of. As the policies are all ACCEPT, there is currently no restriction on forwarding eth1 to eth0 (internal to external). But what are the effective implications of currently NOT having the restriction that only RELATED and ESTABLISHED states are forwarded from eth0 to eth1 (external to internal)? In other words, should I rather change the policies to DROP and apply the two "firewalling" rules I mentioned above or is the lack of them not affecting security? Thanks for clarification!

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• Recovering from backup without original install media

  - by KGendron

  A machine from my old job had a complete hard drive failure. I have backups but I'm running into severe problems restoring from them. The only install media was a secondary restore partition on the system's hard drive. I hate whoever came up with that idea more than i can possibly express with words. I spent several days trying to recover the disk - it is pretty well shot and none of my best tricks could even get it to show up in the bios/ The machine that broke is an hp with xp media center edition on it (I don't know why either). The backups were created using the default windows backup tool - I have .bfk file on an external hardrive that i am trying to restore from. I've replaced the hard drive. My home machine is running windows 7 64bit and i'm trying to use it as a platform to restore to the other disk. I downloaded the window 7 nt-restore utility, however no matter what i do it restores to my C drive rather than the specified drive. Fortunately win7 security settings prevented it from being a complete disaster - but still not a happy thing. I tried firing up the xp virtual machine. I can browse to the backups but it says they are invalid and refuse to let me view/ continue with the restore. I tried installing XP to an extra harddrive on my machine - however it bluescreens on me during the install process and I cry. I tried installing xp pro to the new drive and attempted to restore over it, it of course blackscreened on me as that was a stupid idea. I made two partitions on the new hard drive (Apparently the bios on this accursed piece of junk doesn't allow hd partitions larger than 200G anyways and thus fails 40 minutes into the install with an ever-descriptive "Disk Read Error". Guess how i spent last weekend? My last idea was to install xp pro to the second partition and then use it to restore from backup to the first. After the first restart it gives me the error "Windows could not start because of a computer disk hardware configuration problem. Could not read from the selected boot disk. Check boot path and disk hardware". My brain made one of those bad hard drive clicky noises. I've tried several boot disks but they don't seem to work. If anyone has a link to a good one it would be greatly appreciated. Anyone have any more ideas? - I really hate asking on what seems like such a simple issue but i am quite literally at my wit's end. Thanks - and sorry for the really long post.

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• VPC SSH port forward into private subnet

  - by CP510

  Ok, so I've been racking my brain for DAYS on this dilema. I have a VPC setup with a public subnet, and a private subnet. The NAT is in place of course. I can connect from SSH into a instance in the public subnet, as well as the NAT. I can even ssh connect to the private instance from the public instance. I changed the SSHD configuration on the private instance to accept both port 22 and an arbitrary port number 1300. That works fine. But I need to set it up so that I can connect to the private instance directly using the 1300 port number, ie. ssh -i keyfile.pem [email protected] -p 1300 and 1.2.3.4 should route it to the internal server 10.10.10.10. Now I heard iptables is the job for this, so I went ahead and researched and played around with some routing with that. These are the rules I have setup on the public instance (not the NAT). I didn't want to use the NAT for this since AWS apperantly pre-configures the NAT instances when you set them up and I heard using iptables can mess that up. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [129:12186] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [84:10472] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 1300 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 10.10.10.10/32 -p tcp -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "SSH Dropped: " -A FORWARD -d 10.10.10.10/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Wed Apr 17 04:19:29 2013 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Wed Apr 17 04:19:29 2013 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2:104] :INPUT ACCEPT [2:104] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [6:681] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [7:745] -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.10.10.10:1300 -A POSTROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1300 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT So when I try this from home. It just times out. No connection refused messages or anything. And I can't seem to find any log messages about dropped packets. My security groups and ACL settings allow communications on these ports in both directions in both subnets and on the NAT. I'm at a loss. What am I doing wrong?

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• How to configure apache's mod_proxy_html to work as an ajax proxy?

  - by dcerecedo

  I'm trying to build a web site that let's you view and manipulate data from any page in any other website. To do that, I have to bypass 'Allow Origin' problems: i'm loading the other domain's content in an iframe and i have to manipulate its content with javascript downloaded from my domain. My first attempt was to write a simple proxy myself, requesting the other domains page through a server proxy coded in Java that not only serves the content but rebuilds links (src's and href's) in the content so that the content referenced by these links alse get downloaded through my handmade proxy. The result is not bad but has problems with url's in css and scripts. It's then that i realized that mod_proxy_html is supposed to do exactly all this job. The problem is that i cannot figure out how to make it work as expected. Let's suppose my server runs in my-domain.com and to proxy and transform content from another domain i'd make a request like this: my-domain.com/proxy?url=http://another-domain.com/some/content I'd want mod_proxy_html to serve the content and rewrite following URLs in http://another-domain.com/some/content in the following ways: Absolute URLs not from another-domain.com: no rewritting Relative from root urls:/other/content - /proxy?url=http://another-domain.com/other/content Relative urls: other/content - /proxy?url=http://another-domain.com/some/content/other/content Relative to parent urls: ../other/content - /proxy?url=http://another-domain.com/some/other/content The url should be specified at runtime, not configuration time. Can this be achieved with mod_proxy_html? Could anyone provide a simple working configuration to start with? EDIT 1-First approach The following site config will work fine with sites that use absolute url's everywhere like http://www.huffingtonpost.es/. Youc could try on this config on localhost: http://localhost/asset/http://www.huffingtonpost.es/ <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName localhost LogLevel debug ProxyRequests off RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^/asset/(.*) $1 [P] ProxyHTMLURLMap $1 /asset/ <Location /asset/> ProxyPassReverse / ProxyHTMLURLMap / /asset/ </Location> </VirtualHost> But as explained in the documentation, if I hit a site using relative url's, I'd like to have these rewritten on the html via mod_proxy_html. So I shoud change the Location block as follows: <Location /asset/> ProxyPassReverse / #Depending on your system use one line or the other #Ubuntu: #SetOutputFilter proxy-html #any other system: ProxyHTMLEnable On ProxyHTMLURLMap / /asset/ </Location> ...which doesn't seem to work. Comments, hints and ideas welcome!

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• MySQL won't start, reinstall fails on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Evils

  My problem started yesterday night when I tried to change the my.cnf config on my ubuntu 12.04 x64 System. I simply tried to changed the bind-address parameter from 127.0.0.1 to 0.0.0.0. A simple restart after a reboot gave this error: stop: Unknown instance: start: Job failed to start I tried to start mysql then by using 'mysqld' which outputs this: 130701 11:05:59 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist 130701 11:05:59 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: 5.5.31 started; log sequence number 1595675 130701 11:06:00 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306 130701 11:06:00 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1'; 130701 11:06:00 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'. 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ? 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Aborting 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675 130701 11:06:00 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete Meanwhile I already tried to reinstall and purge the complete mysql package which results in another error which says that dpkg cant change the admins password. While this error appeared another error came with it. When trying to install something new with apt, it always says 'fopen: permission denied' right after it tries to update my man-db. This is my dmesg output: [ 6879.687998] type=1400 audit(1372669683.397:36): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=9336 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 6881.323215] init: mysql main process (9340) terminated with status 1 [ 6881.323316] init: mysql respawning too fast, stopped Any help will be appreciated as this is a productive server which renders useless without mysql.

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• Need help troubleshooting highly variable ping times

  - by Elliot.Bradshaw

  I'm at work using Citrix (think Remote Desktop) to connect to client sites. With my job I have to write a fair bit of code while I'm connected remotely via Citrix, so the latency of my internet connection is important. If I'm getting ping times above 250ms, then it becomes almost impossible to scroll, click or type with accuracy. Recently my Comcast business internet has been exhibiting highly variable ping times. If I ping google.com, I'll get pings that range from 9ms all the way up to 1300ms. The problem seems to be at its worst during the hours of 1PM to 4:30PM. Outside of those hours and the variance in pings settles down, mostly between 9ms and 50ms. The signal to noise ratio and upstream power are both fine on my modem--the values are here: http://pastebin.com/D4hWGPXf I ran a trace route from my computer to google.com (the results of which are here: http://pastebin.com/GcdjYvMh) and did another test ping to the IP of the first hop outside of our local network (73.98.44.1)--the variance in ping times existed in exactly the same manner as if I were pinging Google. Connecting directly to the cable modem by CAT5 makes no difference. Here is a screenshot demonstrating the variance of the ping times: http://postimage.org/image/haocdeauv/full/ -- as you can see it can get pretty bad. Three Comcast techs have been out (two of them were here when the problem wasn't happening) and they as well as the regional tier 2 Comcast support were unable to diagnose the problem. I now have a ticket open with tier 3 support, but have yet to hear back from them. Does anyone know what could cause these sorts of problems or have any idea from the traceroute above where it could be originating? The regional tier 2 guy tried to tell me that what I'm seeing is normal--are highly variable ping times like that ever acceptable? Anything I should ask Comcast to do or look at to get this problem fixed? Any tips/advice much appreciated! Edit: This is Comcast cable internet at a small start-up, we've ruled out congestion in our private LAN as a cause (i.e., no one's watching YouTube when the pings become variable). Update: Tier 3 Comcast support advised swapping out the modem, a tech came here today and did that--same problem persists.

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