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  • Is it better to return NULL or empty values from functions/methods where the return value is not present?

    - by P B
    I am looking for a recommendation here. I am struggling with whether it is better to return NULL or an empty value from a method when the return value is not present or cannot be determined. Take the following two methods as an examples: string ReverseString(string stringToReverse) // takes a string and reverses it. Person FindPerson(int personID) // finds a Person with a matching personID. In ReverseString(), I would say return an empty string because the return type is string, so the caller is expecting that. Also, this way, the caller would not have to check to see if a NULL was returned. In FindPerson(), returning NULL seems like a better fit. Regardless of whether or not NULL or an empty Person Object (new Person()) is returned the caller is going to have to check to see if the Person Object is NULL or empty before doing anything to it (like calling UpdateName()). So why not just return NULL here and then the caller only has to check for NULL. Does anyone else struggle with this? Any help or insight is appreciated.

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  • Does C++ support subtyping?

    - by the_naive
    I know it might be a silly question to ask, but I didn't quite get an a absolute clear answer on this matter, so I thought I'd put it here. Does c++ support the subtyping in the sense that it fulfills Liskov's principle fully? I understand how parametric polymorphism, inclusion polymorphism(subclassing and overriding) work in c++ but I'm not entirely sure or understand if subtyping exists in the context of C++. Could you please explain?

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  • is it valid that a state machine can have more than one possible state for some transition?

    - by shankbond
    I have a requirement for a workflow which I am trying to model as a state machine, I see that there is more than one outcome of a given transition(or activity). Is it valid for a state machine to have more than one possible states, but only one state will be true at a given time? Note: This is my first attempt to model a state machine. Eg. might be: s1-t1-s2 s1-t1-s3 s1-t1-s4 where s1, s2, s3, s4 are states and t1 is transition/activity. A fictitious real world example might be: For a human, there can be two states: hungry, not hungry A basket can have only one item from: apple, orange. So, to model it we will have: hungry-pick from basket-apple found hungry-pick from basket-orange found apple found-eat-not hungry orange found-take juice out of it and then drink- not hungry

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  • PHP Key name array

    - by Sean McRaghty
    I have an array $data fruit => apple, seat => sofa, etc. I want to loop through so that each key becomes type_key[0]['value'] so eg type_fruit[0]['value'] => apple, type_seat[0]['value'] => sofa, and what I thought would do this, namely foreach ($data as $key => $value) { # Create a new, renamed, key. $array[str_replace("/(.+)/", "type_$1[0]['value']", $key)] = $value; # Destroy the old key/value pair unset($array[$key]); } print_r($array); Doesn't work. How can I make it work? Also, I want everything to be in the keys (not the values) to be lowercase: is there an easy way of doing this too? Thanks.

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  • Find key of parent in array / PHP

    - by 106691756905536410593
    Perhaps someone can help me out with this one: I'm using a basic search function to find an array deep within an array. The problem is, once that array is found, I'd also like to return it's parent key. Is there a PHP function that can determine the parent key of an array? Below is an example of the Search Function... Ideally I'd like to return the array that is found, as well as it's parent key. function search($array, $key, $value){ $results = array(); if (is_array($array)){ if ($array[$key] == $value){ $results[] = $array; } foreach ($array as $subarray){ $results = array_merge($results, search($subarray, $key, $value)); } } return $results; }

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  • Very long strings as primary keys in a database for caching

    - by Bill Zimmerman
    Hi, I am working on a web app that allows users to create dynamic PDF files based on what they enter into a form (it is not very structured data). The idea is that User 1 enters several words (arbitrary # of words, practically capped of course), for example: A B C D E There is no such string in the database, so I was thinking: Store this string as a primary key in a MySQL database (it could be maybe around 50-100k of text, but usually probably less than 200 words) Generate the PDF file, and create a link to it in the database When the next user requests A B C D E, then I can just serve the file instead of recreating it each time. (simple cache) The PDF is cpu intensive to generate, so I am trying to cache as much as I can... My questions are: Does anyone have any alternative ideas to my approach What will the database performance be like? Is there a better way to design the schema than using the input string as the primary key?

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  • Can't DER encode and BER decode RSA public key

    - by Mildred
    I have problems using Crypto++ to save a RSA public key (that I obtained loading a private key file in PKCS#8 format). When decoding the key, I always get a BERDecodeErr exception. Here is the code I am using: CryptoPP::RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Signer _signer; CryptoPP::RSASSA_PKCS1v15_SHA_Verifier _verifier; CryptoPP::ByteQueue bytes; //_signer.AccessPublicKey().Save(bytes); // seem to save private key instead _signer.AccessKey().DEREncodePublicKey(bytes); //_verifier.AccessKey().Load(bytes); //_verifier.AccessKey().BERDecodePublicKey(bytes, 0, 0); _verifier.AccessPublicKey().Load(bytes); I also tried with the instructions commented above, without success. How do you do to save or open the public key? The public key looks like this in hex format, is there a tool to check its format / validity (regarding what crypto++ supports) ? 3081890281810097e24f2e95504a397e90fbc56d1b330ab2ab97a0d326007b890e40013f9e1d9bd9 f54b0c0840782ddae19b5b4595d8f8b9ffe0d2120174fcbc39585c5867cd2dfba69f8e540caa2c52 de8f08278a34e9249120500117f0ba756c5bb2be660013160db9f82f75deb7ccf63742a9e945da6c cf30c2b109b73342daaabd02b872e50203010001

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  • User Control as container at design time

    - by Luca
    I'm designing a simple expander control. I've derived from UserControl, drawn inner controls, built, run; all ok. Since an inner Control is a Panel, I'd like to use it as container at design time. Indeed I've used the attributes: [Designer(typeof(ExpanderControlDesigner))] [Designer("System.Windows.Forms.Design.ParentControlDesigner, System.Design", typeof(IDesigner))] Great I say. But it isn't... The result is that I can use it as container at design time but: The added controls go back the inner controls already embedded in the user control Even if I push to top a control added at design time, at runtime it is back again on controls embedded to the user control I cannot restrict the container area at design time into a Panel area What am I missing? Here is the code for completeness... why this snippet of code is not working? [Designer(typeof(ExpanderControlDesigner))] [Designer("System.Windows.Forms.Design.ParentControlDesigner, System.Design", typeof(IDesigner))] public partial class ExpanderControl : UserControl { public ExpanderControl() { InitializeComponent(); .... [System.Security.Permissions.PermissionSet(System.Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.Demand, Name = "FullTrust")] internal class ExpanderControlDesigner : ControlDesigner { private ExpanderControl MyControl; public override void Initialize(IComponent component) { base.Initialize(component); MyControl = (ExpanderControl)component; // Hook up events ISelectionService s = (ISelectionService)GetService(typeof(ISelectionService)); IComponentChangeService c = (IComponentChangeService)GetService(typeof(IComponentChangeService)); s.SelectionChanged += new EventHandler(OnSelectionChanged); c.ComponentRemoving += new ComponentEventHandler(OnComponentRemoving); } private void OnSelectionChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } private void OnComponentRemoving(object sender, ComponentEventArgs e) { } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { ISelectionService s = (ISelectionService)GetService(typeof(ISelectionService)); IComponentChangeService c = (IComponentChangeService)GetService(typeof(IComponentChangeService)); // Unhook events s.SelectionChanged -= new EventHandler(OnSelectionChanged); c.ComponentRemoving -= new ComponentEventHandler(OnComponentRemoving); base.Dispose(disposing); } public override System.ComponentModel.Design.DesignerVerbCollection Verbs { get { DesignerVerbCollection v = new DesignerVerbCollection(); v.Add(new DesignerVerb("&asd", new EventHandler(null))); return v; } } } I've found many resources (Interaction, designed, limited area), but nothing was usefull for being operative... Actually there is a trick, since System.Windows.Forms classes can be designed (as usual) and have a correct behavior at runtime (TabControl, for example).

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  • Design and Implementation with Prototyping Methodology

    - by Shahin
    I'm developing a game for my dissertation, and I'm using the spiral method approach. I'm having a bit of difficulty structuring my dissertation, specifically the design and implementation section. My solution was designed as much as possible initially, and then after each prototype implementation, the design was refined and extended and prototyped again (this was repeated a few times). My problem is how to structure this in my dissertation, my current idea is: Design Chapter Prototype 1 (Initial) Design Prototype 2 Design Prototype 3 Design Implementation Chapter Prototype 1 (Initial) Implementation Prototype 2 Implementation Prototype 3 Implementation Any suggestions?

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  • Using a user-defined type as a primary key

    - by Chris Kaminski
    Suppose I have a system where I have metadata such as: table: ====== key name address ... Then suppose I have a user-defined type described as so: datasource datasource-key A) are there systems where it's possible to have keys based on user-defined types? B) if so, how do you decompose the keys into a form suitable for querying? C) is this a case where I'm just better off with a composite primary key?

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  • Mapping Left Alt key in vim?

    - by Yogesh Arora
    I am able to map the key combination Right Alt+Left Arrow with <a-left> or by <m-left>. But I am not able to map the Left Alt key. Is there a way to do that? Edit: Just to clarity <a-left> means Alt+Left Arrow. The important question here is what is difference between Left Alt and Right Alt from the perspective of keymappings in Vim?

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  • Database design for a Fantasy league

    - by Samidh T
    Here's the basic schema for my database Table user{ userid numeber primary key, count number } Table player{ pid number primary key, } Table user-player{ userid number primary key foreign key(user), pid number primary key foreign key(player) } Table temp{ pid number primary key, points number } Here's what I intend to do... After every match the temp table is updated which holds the id of players that played the last match and the points they earned. Next run a procedure that will match the pid from temp table with every uid of user-player table having the same pid. add the points from temp table to the count of user table for every matching uid. empty temp table. My questions is considering 200 players and 10000 users,Will this method be efficient? I am going to be using mysql for this.

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  • Where can I get a list of SCHEMA / PATH / KEY to use with gsettings?

    - by Sri
    After doing some research, I found that I can quickly set configuration options using the gsettings command in the terminal, instead of installing dconf-editor or gconf-editor or CCSM. But we need the SCHEMA/PATH and KEY to set the value. Syntax is: gsettings set SCHEMA[:PATH] KEY VALUE For example to never auto-hide the launcher: gsettings set com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher hide-mode 0 And, for windows not to overlap the launcher: gsettings set com.canonical.Unity2d.Launcher use-strut true So, where can I get a list of all the SCHEMA / PATH / KEY that can be set with gsettings? No, please don't suggest the gsettings list-keys command, because I don't know the possibly hundreds of schema available.

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  • Color blindness: Are you aware of it? Do you design for it?

    - by User
    I'm curious whether many of us who do design or take design decisions have ever heard of this problem. I'm aware there are dangerous color combinations, like green + red. This is probably one of the most popular cases of color blindness. If you have green text on a red background and vice versa some people won't see anything. I've also seen in practice that green text on a blue background was not seen by one guy. What other color compositions should be avoided, and how often these cases are to be expected? Let us make some ranging by encounter probability who has the numbers. Addition: I've just remembered one very bad example that causes problems to just about everyone - blue text on a black background. It's unreadable for all intents and purposes. Never could understand what could possibly compel a web master to use this color combination...

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  • MySQL - What is the correct primary key method

    - by Hammerstein
    I'm starting to develop an application using MySQL and although I've developed apps before using databases, I've normally gone to the incrementing id method. The other day I was reading a posting somewhere and saw someone being picked apart for this, for not properly "normalising the database". I'm not a big database person, but I wanted to make sure I'm doing this right. Any ideas, help / guidance?

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  • What is the most underused or underappreciated design pattern?

    - by Rob Packwood
    I have been reading a lot on design patterns lately and some of them can make our lives much easier and some of them seem to just complicate things (at least to me they do). I am curious to know what design patterns everyone sees as underunsed or underappreciated. Some patterns are simple and many people do not even realize they are using a pattern (decorator probably being the most used, without realized). My goal from this is to give us pattern-newbies some appreciation for some of the more complex or unknown patterns and why we should use them.

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  • TDD and your emerging design

    - by andrewstopford
    I was at DevWeek last week, it was a great week and I got a chance to speak with some of my geek heroes (Jeff Richter is a walking, talking CLR). One of the folks I most enjoyed listening to was ThoughtWorker Neal Ford who gave a session on emergeant design in TDD. Something struck me about the RGR cycle in TDD in that design could either be missed or misplaced if the refactor phase is never carried out and after the inital green phase the design is considered done. In TDD the emergant design that evolves as part of the cycle is key to the approach.  Neal talked about using cyclometric complexity as a measure of your emerging design but other considerations would surely include SOLID and DRY during the cycles. As you refactor to these kinds of design principles your design evolves.

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  • Oracle Fusion Applications User Experience Design Patterns: Feeling the Love after Launch

    - by mvaughan
    By Misha Vaughan, Oracle Applications User ExperienceIn the first video by the Oracle Applications User Experience team on the Oracle Partner Network, Vice President Jeremy Ashley said that Oracle is looking to expand the ecosystem of support for Oracle’s applications customers as they begin to assess their investment and adoption of Oracle Fusion Applications. Oracle has made a massive investment to maintain the benefits of the Fusion Applications User Experience. This summer, the Applications User Experience team released the Oracle Fusion Applications user experience design patterns.Design patterns help create consistent experiences across devices.The launch has been very well received:Angelo Santagata, Senior Principal Technologist and Fusion Middleware evangelist for Oracle,  wrote this to the system integrator community: “The web site is the result of many years of Oracle R&D into user interface design for Fusion Applications and features a really cool web app which allows you to visualise the UI components in action.”  Grant Ronald, Director of Product Management, Application Development Framework (ADF) said: “It’s a science I don't understand, but now I don't have to ... Now you can learn from the UX experience of Fusion Applications.”Frank Nimphius, Senior Principal Product Manager, Oracle (ADF) wrote about the launch of the design patterns for the ADF Code Corner, and Jürgen Kress, Senior Manager EMEA Alliances & Channels for Fusion MiddleWare and Service Oriented Architecture, (SOA), shared the news with his Partner Community. Oracle Twitter followers also helped spread the message about the design patterns launch: ?@bex – Brian Huff, founder and Chief Software Architect for Bezzotech, and Oracle ACE Director:“Nifty! The Oracle Fusion UX team just released new ADF design patterns.”@maiko_rocha, Maiko Rocha, Oracle Consulting Solutions Architect and Oracle FMW engineer: “Haven't seen any other vendor offer such comprehensive UX Design Patterns catalog for free!”@zirous_chad, Chad Thompson, Senior Solutions Architect for Zirous, Inc. and ADF Developer:Wow - @ultan and company did a great job with the Fusion UX PatternsWhat is a user experience design pattern?A user experience design pattern is a re-usable, usability tested functional blueprint for a particular user experience.  Some examples are guided processes, shopping carts, and search and search results.  Ultan O’Broin discusses the top design patterns every developer should know.The patterns that were just released are based on thousands of hours of end-user field studies, state-of-the-art user interface assessments, and usability testing.  To be clear, these are functional design patterns, not technical design patterns that developers may be used to working with.  Because we know there is a gap, we are putting together some training that will help close that gap.Who should care?This is an offering targeted primarily at Application Development Framework (ADF) developers. If you are faced with the following questions regarding Fusion Applications, you will want to know and learn more:•    How do I build something that looks like Fusion Applications?•    How do I build a next-generation application?•    How do I extend a Fusion Application and maintain the user experience?•    I don’t want to re-invent the wheel on the user interface, so where do I start?•    I need to build something that will eventually co-exist with Fusion Applications. How do I do that?These questions are relevant to partners with an ADF competency, individual practitioners, or small consultancies with an ADF specialization, and customers who are trying to shift their IT staff over to supporting Fusion Applications.Where you can find out more?OnlineOur Fusion User Experience design patterns maven is Ultan O’Broin. The Oracle Partner Network is helping our team bring this first e-seminar to you in order to go into a more detail on what this means and how to take advantage of it:? Webinar: Build a Better User Experience with Oracle: Oracle Fusion Applications Functional Design PatternsSept 20, 2012 , 10:30am-11:30am PacificDial-In:  1. 877-664-9137 / Passcode 102546?International:  706-634-9619  http://www.intercall.com/national/oracleuniversity/gdnam.htmlAccess the Live Event Or Via Webconference Access http://ouweb.webex.com  ?and enter this session number: 598036234At a Usergroup eventThe Fusion User Experience Advocates (FXA) are also going to be getting some deep-dive training on this content and can share it with local user groups.At OpenWorld Ultan O’Broin               Chris MuirIf you will be at OpenWorld this year, our own Ultan O’Broin will be visiting the ADF demopod to say hello, thanks to Shay Shmeltzer, Senior Group Manager for ADF outbound communication and at the OTN lounge: Monday 10-10:45, Tuesday 2:15-2:45, Wednesday 2:15-3:30 ?  Oracle JDeveloper and Oracle ADF,  Moscone South, Right - S-207? “ADF Meet and Greett”, OTN Lounge, Wednesday 4:30 And I cannot talk about OpenWorld and ADF without mentioning Chris Muir’s ADF EMG event: the Year After the Year Of the ADF Developer – Sunday, Sept 30 of OpenWorld. Chris has played host to Ultan and the Applications user experience message for his online community and is now a seasoned UX expert.Expect to see additional announcements about expanded and training on similar topics in the future.

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  • Delving into design patterns, and what that means for the Oracle user experience

    - by Kathy.Miedema
    By Kathy Miedema, Oracle Applications User Experience George Hackman, Senior Director, Applications User Experiences The Oracle Applications User Experience team has some exciting things happening around Fusion Applications design patterns. Because we’re hoping to have some new offerings soon (stay tuned with VoX to see what’s in the pipeline around Fusion Applications design patterns), now is a good time to talk more about what design patterns can do for the individual user as well as the entire company. George Hackman, Senior Director of Operations User Experience, says the first thing to note is that user experience is not just about the user interface. It’s about understanding how people do things, observing them, and then finding the patterns that emerge. The Applications UX team develops those patterns and then builds them into Oracle applications. What emerges, Hackman says, is a consistent, efficient user experience that promotes a productive workplace. Creating design patterns What is a design pattern in the context of enterprise software? “Every day, people use technology to get things done,” Hackman says. “They navigate a virtual world that reaches from enterprise to consumer apps, and from desktop to mobile. This virtual world is constantly under construction. New areas are being developed and old areas are being redone. As this world is being built and remodeled, efficient pathways and practices emerge. “Oracle's user experience team watches users navigate this world. We measure their productivity and ask them about their satisfaction. We take the most efficient, most productive pathways from the enterprise and consumer world and turn them into Oracle's user experience patterns.” Hackman describes the process as combining all of the best practices from every part of a user’s world. Members of the user experience team observe, analyze, design, prototype, and measure each work task to find the best possible pattern for a particular work flow. As the team builds the patterns, “we make sure they are fully buildable using Oracle technology,” Hackman said. “So customers know they can use these patterns. There’s no need to make something up from scratch, not knowing whether you can even build it.” Hackman says that creating something on a computer is a good example of a user experience pattern. “People are creating things all the time,” he says. “On the consumer side, they are creating documents. On the enterprise side, they are creating expense reports. On a mobile phone, they are creating contacts. They are using different apps like iPhone or Facebook or Gmail or Oracle software, all doing this creation process.” The Applications UX team starts their process by observing how people might create something. “We observe people creating things. We see the patterns, we analyze and document, then we apply them to our products. It might be different from phone to web browser, but we have these design patterns that create a consistent experience across platforms, and across products, too. The result for customers Oracle constantly improves its part of the virtual world, Hackman said. New products are created and existing products are upgraded. Because Oracle builds user experience design patterns, Oracle's virtual world becomes both more powerful and more familiar at the same time. Because of design patterns, users can navigate with ease as they embrace the latest technology – because it behaves the way they expect it to. This means less training and faster adoption for individual users, and more productivity for the business as a whole. Hackman said Oracle gives customers and partners access to design patterns so that they can build in the virtual world using the same best practices. Customers and partners can extend applications with a user experience that is comfortable and familiar to their users. For businesses that are integrating different Oracle applications, design patterns are key. The user experience created in E-Business Suite should be similar to the user experience in Fusion Applications, Hackman said. If a user is transitioning from one application to the other, it shouldn’t be difficult for them to do their work. With design patterns, it isn’t. “Oracle user experience patterns are the building blocks for the virtual world that ensure productivity, consistency and user satisfaction,” Hackman said. “They are built for the enterprise, but incorporate the best practices from across the virtual world. They empower productivity and facilitate social interaction. When you build with patterns, you get all the end-user benefits of less training / retraining from the finished product. You also get faster / cheaper development.” What’s coming? You can already access design patterns to help you build Dashboards with OBIEE here. And we promised you at the beginning that we had something in the pipeline on Fusion Applications design patterns. Look for the announcement about when they are available here on VoX.

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