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• Code to send email not working.

  - by RPK

  When I am trying to execute following code to email the contact form details, it is not executing properly. Instead, when the contact form's Submit button is clicked, it just shows the below source code in the browser. What's wrong? <?php error_notice(E_ALL^E_NOTICE); $firstname = $_POST['fname']; $emailaddress = $_POST['eaddress']; $mobile = $_POST['cellno']; $phone = $_POST['landline']; $country = $_POST['ucountry']; $city = $_POST['ucity']; $subjects = $_POST['usubjects']; $message = $_POST['umessage']; // EDIT THE 2 LINES BELOW AS REQUIRED $email_to = "[email protected]"; $email_subject = $subjects; function died($error) { // your error code can go here echo "We are very sorry, but there were error(s) found with the form your submitted. "; echo "These errors appear below.<br /><br />"; echo $error."<br /><br />"; echo "Please go back and fix these errors.<br /><br />"; die(); } // validation expected data exists if(!isset($firstname) || !isset($emailaddress) || !isset($subjects) || !isset($message)) { died('We are sorry, but there appears to be a problem with the form your submitted.'); } $error_message = ""; $email_exp = "^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}$"; if(!eregi($email_exp,$emailaddress)) { $error_message .= 'The Email Address you entered does not appear to be valid.<br />'; } $string_exp = "^[a-z .'-]+$"; if(!eregi($string_exp,$firstname)) { $error_message .= 'The First Name you entered does not appear to be valid.<br />'; } if(strlen($message) < 2) { $error_message .= 'The Comments you entered do not appear to be valid.<br />'; } $string_exp = "^[0-9 .-]+$"; if(!eregi($string_exp,$phone)) { $error_message .= 'The Telphone Number you entered does not appear to be valid.<br />'; } if(strlen($error_message) > 0) { died($error_message); } $email_message = "Form details below.\n\n"; function clean_string($string) { $bad = array("content-type","bcc:","to:","cc:","href"); return str_replace($bad,"",$string); } $email_message .= "First Name: ".clean_string($firstname)."\n"; $email_message .= "Last Name: ".clean_string($mobile)."\n"; $email_message .= "Email: ".clean_string($emailaddress)."\n"; $email_message .= "Telephone: ".clean_string($phone)."\n"; $email_message .= "City: ".clean_string($city)."\n"; $email_message .= "Telephone: ".clean_string($country)."\n"; $email_message .= "Comments: ".clean_string($message)."\n"; // create email headers $headers = 'From: '.$email_from."\r\n". 'Reply-To: '.$email_from."\r\n" . 'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion(); @mail($email_to, $email_subject, $email_message, $headers); ?>

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• I am getting the error Wrong type argument to unary minus and Expected ';' before ':' token

  - by James B.

  I am getting the error Wrong type argument to unary minus and Expected ';' before ':' token The error occurs at the - (NSIndexPath *).... line I am really New at this, so if there is anymore info needed, please ask, if you need to see the entire app, please e-mail me @ james at sevenotwo dot com. the app isn't really complicated. it is based on the sample code on Apple's website for the iphonedatacorerecipes code. #pragma mark - #pragma mark Editing rows - (NSIndexPath *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView willSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { NSIndexPath *rowToSelect = indexPath; NSInteger section = indexPath.section; BOOL isEditing = self.editing; // If editing, don't allow notes to be selected // Not editing: Only allow notes to be selected if ((isEditing && section == NOTES_SECTION) || (!isEditing && section != NOTES_SECTION)) { [tableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:indexPath animated:YES]; rowToSelect = nil; } return rowToSelect; } - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { NSInteger section = indexPath.section; UIViewController *nextViewController = nil; /* What to do on selection depends on what section the row is in. For Type, Notes, and Instruments, create and push a new view controller of the type appropriate for the next screen. */ switch (section) { case TYPE_SECTION: nextViewController = [[TypeSelectionViewController alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewStyleGrouped]; ((TypeSelectionViewController *)nextViewController).doctor = doctor; break; case NOTES_SECTION: nextViewController = [[NotesViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"NotesView" bundle:nil]; ((NotesViewController *)nextViewController).doctor = doctor; break; case INSTRUMENTS_SECTION: nextViewController = [[InstrumentDetailViewController alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewStyleGrouped]; ((InstrumentDetailViewController *)nextViewController).doctor = doctor; if (indexPath.row < [doctor.instruments count]) { Instrument *instrument = [instruments objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; ((InstrumentDetailViewController *)nextViewController).instrument = instrument; } break; default: break; } // If we got a new view controller, push it . if (nextViewController) { [self.navigationController pushViewController:nextViewController animated:YES]; [nextViewController release]; } } - (UITableViewCellEditingStyle)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView editingStyleForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { UITableViewCellEditingStyle style = UITableViewCellEditingStyleNone; // Only allow editing in the instruments section. // In the instruments section, the last row (row number equal to the count of instruments) is added automatically (see tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:) to provide an insertion cell, so configure that cell for insertion; the other cells are configured for deletion. if (indexPath.section == INSTRUMENTS_SECTION) { // If this is the last item, it's the insertion row. if (indexPath.row == [doctor.instruments count]) { style = UITableViewCellEditingStyleInsert; } else { style = UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete; } } return style; } - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Only allow deletion, and only in the instruments section if ((editingStyle == UITableViewCellEditingStyleDelete) && (indexPath.section == INSTRUMENTS_SECTION)) { // Remove the corresponding instrument object from the doctor's instrument list and delete the appropriate table view cell. Instrument *instrument = [instruments objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; [doctor removeInstrumentsObject:instrument]; [instruments removeObject:instrument]; NSManagedObjectContext *context = instrument.managedObjectContext; [context deleteObject:instrument]; [self.tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationTop]; } }

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• Rails 3.0.3 and Polyglot Gem problem

  - by user557417

  Hello all. I hope you can help me. I had a rails app running locally, and also uploaded and running on Heroku. All was well. Last week, I started work again and ran into a snag. At the beginning of my day, I opened up Terminal and ran 'rails s' to start the local server. I received this error: doug-naegeles-macbook-pro-17:elig_check dougnaegele$ rails s /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:129:in resolve': Could not find gem 'polyglot', required by 'rails (= 3.0.3)', in any of the sources (Bundler::VersionConflict) from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:127:incatch' from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/resolver.rb:127:in resolve' from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/definition.rb:151:inresolve' from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/definition.rb:90:in specs' from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/definition.rb:135:inspecs_for' from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/definition.rb:124:in requested_specs' from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/environment.rb:23:inrequested_specs' from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:11:in setup' from /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/bundler-1.0.7/lib/bundler.rb:100:insetup' from /Users/dougnaegele/Sites/elig_check/config/boot.rb:8 from script/rails:5:in `require' from script/rails:5 When I run 'gem list'..i can see Polyglot listed: doug-naegeles-macbook-pro-17:elig_check dougnaegele$ gem list * LOCAL GEMS * abstract (1.0.0) actionmailer (3.0.3, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.3.6) actionpack (3.0.3, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.13.6) actionwebservice (1.2.6) activemodel (3.0.3) activerecord (3.0.3, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.15.6) activeresource (3.0.3, 2.3.5, 2.2.2) activesupport (3.0.3, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.4.4) acts_as_ferret (0.5.2, 0.4.3) arel (2.0.6, 2.0.4) authlogic (2.1.6) blythedunham-sms_on_rails (0.1.0) builder (3.0.0, 2.1.2) bundler (1.0.7) capistrano (2.5.19, 2.5.2) cgi_multipart_eof_fix (2.5.0) color (1.4.1) configuration (1.2.0) crack (0.1.8) daemons (1.1.0, 1.0.10) derailed-ziya (2.1.5) dnssd (1.4, 0.6.0) erubis (2.6.6) fastthread (1.0.7, 1.0.1) fcgi (0.8.8, 0.8.7) ferret (0.11.6) gem_plugin (0.2.3) googlecharts (1.6.0) heroku (1.14.10, 1.14.3) highline (1.6.1, 1.5.0) hpricot (0.8.3, 0.6.164) httparty (0.6.1) i18n (0.5.0, 0.4.2) jk-ferret (0.11.8.2) json_pure (1.4.6) launchy (0.3.7) libxml-ruby (1.1.4, 1.1.2) little-plugger (1.1.2) logging (1.4.3) mail (2.2.12, 2.2.10) mattetti-googlecharts (1.4.0) mime-types (1.16) mongrel (1.1.5) mysql (2.8.1) needle (1.3.0) net-scp (1.0.4, 1.0.1) net-sftp (2.0.5, 2.0.1, 1.1.1) net-ssh (2.0.23, 2.0.4, 1.1.4) net-ssh-gateway (1.0.1, 1.0.0) nifty-generators (0.4.2) polyglot (0.3.1) rack (1.2.1, 1.0.1) rack-mount (0.6.13) rack-test (0.5.6) rails (3.0.3, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.2.6) railties (3.0.3) rake (0.8.7, 0.8.3) RedCloth (4.2.3, 4.1.1) rest-client (1.6.1) ruby-openid (2.1.8, 2.1.2) ruby-yadis (0.3.4) rubygems-update (1.3.7, 1.3.6) rubynode (0.1.5) sequel (3.18.0, 3.17.0) sinatra (1.1.0, 1.0) sqlite3-ruby (1.3.2, 1.2.5, 1.2.4) static_record_cache (0.2.0) taps (0.3.14) termios (0.9.4) thor (0.14.6) tilt (1.1) treetop (1.4.9) twilio (2.9.0) twiliolib (2.0.7) tzinfo (0.3.23) xmpp4r (0.5, 0.4) When I run 'gem sources' I get this: doug-naegeles-macbook-pro-17:elig_check dougnaegele$ gem sources * CURRENT SOURCES * rubygems.org/ gems.github.com gems.github.com gems.github.com/ gems.github.com gems.rubyforge.org Which looks right -- that's where Polyglot lives. When I run 'bundle install' I get this: doug-naegeles-macbook-pro-17:elig_check dougnaegele$ bundle install Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/ Could not find gem 'polyglot', required by 'rails (= 3.0.3)', in any of the sources Any idea? I've tried to reinstall the gem, run 'bundle install' etc. No luck. (I have a suspicion that this - rails (3.0.3, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.2.6) may be the problem, but I don't want to go down that road just yet. I have apps running on 2.3.5 that have not been refactored for rails 3.0) Thanks in advance! Doug

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• VSFTPD Unable to set write permissions on folder

  - by Frank Astin

  I've just set up my first FTP server with VSFTPD on cent os . I can connect to it fine using a user in the group ftp-users but I get read only access . I've tried several different CHMOD codes on the folder (even 777) all to no avail . This is the tutorial I used to set up the server http://tinyurl.com/73pyuxz hopefully you'll be able to see something I missed. Thanks in advance . Requested Config File : # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES

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• ASP.NET Send Image Attachment With Email Without Saving To Filesystem

  - by KGO

  I'm trying to create a form that will send an email with an attached image and am running into some problems. The form I am creating is rather large so I have created a small test form for the purpose of this question. The email will send and the attachment will exist on the email, but the image is corrupt or something as it is not viewable. Also.. I do not want to save the image to the filesystem. You may think it is convoluted to take the image file from the fileupload to a stream, but this is due to the fact that the real form I am working on will allow multiple files to be added through a single fileupload and will be saved in session, thus the images will not be coming from the fileupload control directly on submit. File: TestAttachSend.aspx <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="TestAttachSend.aspx.cs" Inherits="TestAttachSend" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title></title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <h1>Send Email with Image Attachment</h1> Email Address TO: <asp:TextBox ID="txtEmail" runat="server"></asp:TextBox><br /> Attach JPEG Image: <asp:FileUpload ID="fuImage" runat="server" /><br /> <br /> <asp:Button ID="btnSend" runat="server" Text="Send" onclick="btnSend_Click" /><br /> <br /> <asp:label ID="lblSent" runat="server" text="Image Sent!" Visible="false" EnableViewState="false"></asp:label> </div> </form> </body> </html> File: TestAttachSend.aspx.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Net.Mail; using System.IO; public partial class TestAttachSend : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (fuImage.HasFile && fuImage.PostedFile.ContentType == System.Net.Mime.MediaTypeNames.Image.Jpeg) { SmtpClient emailClient = new SmtpClient(); MailMessage EmailMsg = new MailMessage(); EmailMsg.To.Add(txtEmail.Text.Trim()); EmailMsg.From = new MailAddress(txtEmail.Text.Trim()); EmailMsg.Subject = "Attached Image"; EmailMsg.Body = "Image is attached!"; MemoryStream imgStream = new MemoryStream(); System.Drawing.Image img = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(fuImage.PostedFile.InputStream); string filename = fuImage.PostedFile.FileName; img.Save(imgStream, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg); EmailMsg..Attachments.Add(new Attachment(imgStream, filename, System.Net.Mime.MediaTypeNames.Image.Jpeg)); emailClient.Send(EmailMsg); lblSent.Visible = true; } } }

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• vsftpd not allowing uploads. 550 response

  - by Josh

  I've set vsftpd up on a centos box. I keep trying to upload files but I keep getting "550 Failed to change directory" and "550 Could not get file size." Here's my vsftpd.conf # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=NO # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES log_ftp_protocol=YES banner_file=/etc/vsftpd/issue local_root=/var/www guest_enable=YES guest_username=ftpusr ftp_username=nobody

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• Nginx + PHP-FPM executes script, but returns 404

  - by MorfiusX

  I am using Nginx + PHP-FPM to run a Wordpress based site. I have a URL that should return dynamically generated JSON data for use with the DataTables jQuery plugin. The data is returned properly, but with a return code of 404. I think this is a Nginx config issue, but I haven't been able to figure out why. The script 'getTable.php' works properly on the production version of the site which is currently using Apache. Anyone know how I can get this to work on Nginx? URL: http://dev.iloveskydiving.org/wp-content/plugins/ils-workflow/lib/getTable.php SERVER: CentOS 6 + Varnish (caching disabled for development) + Nginx + PHP-FPM + Wordpress + W3 Total Cache Nginx Config: server { # Server Parameters listen 127.0.0.1:8082; server_name dev.iloveskydiving.org; root /var/www/dev.iloveskydiving.org/html; access_log /var/www/dev.iloveskydiving.org/logs/access.log main; error_log /var/www/dev.iloveskydiving.org/logs/error.log error; index index.php; # Rewrite minified CSS and JS files location ~* \.(css|js) { if (!-f $request_filename) { rewrite ^/wp-content/w3tc/min/(.+\.(css|js))$ /wp-content/w3tc/min/index.php?file=$1 last; expires max; } } # Set a variable to work around the lack of nested conditionals set $cache_uri $request_uri; # Don't cache uris containing the following segments if ($request_uri ~* "(\/wp-admin\/|\/xmlrpc.php|\/wp-(app|cron|login|register|mail)\.php|wp-.*\.php|index\.php|wp\-comments\-popup\.php|wp\-links\-opml\.php|wp\-locations\.php)") { set $cache_uri "no cache"; } # Don't use the cache for logged in users or recent commenters if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp\-postpass|wordpress_logged_in") { set $cache_uri 'no cache'; } # Use cached or actual file if they exists, otherwise pass request to WordPress location / { try_files /wp-content/w3tc/pgcache/$cache_uri/_index.html $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args; } # Cache static files for as long as possible location ~* \.(xml|ogg|ogv|svg|svgz|eot|otf|woff|mp4|ttf|css|rss|atom|js|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf)$ { try_files $uri =404; expires max; access_log off; } # Deny access to hidden files location ~* /\.ht { deny all; access_log off; log_not_found off; } location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/lib/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; # port where FastCGI processes were spawned } } Fast CGI Params: fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; UPDATE: Upon further digging, it looks like Nginx is generating the 404 and PHP-FPM is executing the script properly and returning a 200. UPDATE: Here are the contents of the script: <?php /** * Connect to Wordpres */ require(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../../../../wp-blog-header.php'); /** * Define temporary array */ $aaData = array(); $aaData['aaData'] = array(); /** * Execute Query */ $query = new WP_Query( array( 'post_type' => 'post', 'posts_per_page' => '-1' ) ); foreach ($query->posts as $post) { array_push( $aaData['aaData'], array( $post->post_title ) ); } /** * Echo JSON encoded array */ echo json_encode($aaData);

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• Does anyone really understand how HFSC scheduling in Linux/BSD works?

  - by Mecki

  I read the original SIGCOMM '97 PostScript paper about HFSC, it is very technically, but I understand the basic concept. Instead of giving a linear service curve (as with pretty much every other scheduling algorithm), you can specify a convex or concave service curve and thus it is possible to decouple bandwidth and delay. However, even though this paper mentions to kind of scheduling algorithms being used (real-time and link-share), it always only mentions ONE curve per scheduling class (the decoupling is done by specifying this curve, only one curve is needed for that). Now HFSC has been implemented for BSD (OpenBSD, FreeBSD, etc.) using the ALTQ scheduling framework and it has been implemented Linux using the TC scheduling framework (part of iproute2). Both implementations added two additional service curves, that were NOT in the original paper! A real-time service curve and an upper-limit service curve. Again, please note that the original paper mentions two scheduling algorithms (real-time and link-share), but in that paper both work with one single service curve. There never have been two independent service curves for either one as you currently find in BSD and Linux. Even worse, some version of ALTQ seems to add an additional queue priority to HSFC (there is no such thing as priority in the original paper either). I found several BSD HowTo's mentioning this priority setting (even though the man page of the latest ALTQ release knows no such parameter for HSFC, so officially it does not even exist). This all makes the HFSC scheduling even more complex than the algorithm described in the original paper and there are tons of tutorials on the Internet that often contradict each other, one claiming the opposite of the other one. This is probably the main reason why nobody really seems to understand how HFSC scheduling really works. Before I can ask my questions, we need a sample setup of some kind. I'll use a very simple one as seen in the image below: Here are some questions I cannot answer because the tutorials contradict each other: What for do I need a real-time curve at all? Assuming A1, A2, B1, B2 are all 128 kbit/s link-share (no real-time curve for either one), then each of those will get 128 kbit/s if the root has 512 kbit/s to distribute (and A and B are both 256 kbit/s of course), right? Why would I additionally give A1 and B1 a real-time curve with 128 kbit/s? What would this be good for? To give those two a higher priority? According to original paper I can give them a higher priority by using a curve, that's what HFSC is all about after all. By giving both classes a curve of [256kbit/s 20ms 128kbit/s] both have twice the priority than A2 and B2 automatically (still only getting 128 kbit/s on average) Does the real-time bandwidth count towards the link-share bandwidth? E.g. if A1 and B1 both only have 64kbit/s real-time and 64kbit/s link-share bandwidth, does that mean once they are served 64kbit/s via real-time, their link-share requirement is satisfied as well (they might get excess bandwidth, but lets ignore that for a second) or does that mean they get another 64 kbit/s via link-share? So does each class has a bandwidth "requirement" of real-time plus link-share? Or does a class only have a higher requirement than the real-time curve if the link-share curve is higher than the real-time curve (current link-share requirement equals specified link-share requirement minus real-time bandwidth already provided to this class)? Is upper limit curve applied to real-time as well, only to link-share, or maybe to both? Some tutorials say one way, some say the other way. Some even claim upper-limit is the maximum for real-time bandwidth + link-share bandwidth? What is the truth? Assuming A2 and B2 are both 128 kbit/s, does it make any difference if A1 and B1 are 128 kbit/s link-share only, or 64 kbit/s real-time and 128 kbit/s link-share, and if so, what difference? If I use the seperate real-time curve to increase priorities of classes, why would I need "curves" at all? Why is not real-time a flat value and link-share also a flat value? Why are both curves? The need for curves is clear in the original paper, because there is only one attribute of that kind per class. But now, having three attributes (real-time, link-share, and upper-limit) what for do I still need curves on each one? Why would I want the curves shape (not average bandwidth, but their slopes) to be different for real-time and link-share traffic? According to the little documentation available, real-time curve values are totally ignored for inner classes (class A and B), they are only applied to leaf classes (A1, A2, B1, B2). If that is true, why does the ALTQ HFSC sample configuration (search for 3.3 Sample configuration) set real-time curves on inner classes and claims that those set the guaranteed rate of those inner classes? Isn't that completely pointless? (note: pshare sets the link-share curve in ALTQ and grate the real-time curve; you can see this in the paragraph above the sample configuration). Some tutorials say the sum of all real-time curves may not be higher than 80% of the line speed, others say it must not be higher than 70% of the line speed. Which one is right or are they maybe both wrong? One tutorial said you shall forget all the theory. No matter how things really work (schedulers and bandwidth distribution), imagine the three curves according to the following "simplified mind model": real-time is the guaranteed bandwidth that this class will always get. link-share is the bandwidth that this class wants to become fully satisfied, but satisfaction cannot be guaranteed. In case there is excess bandwidth, the class might even get offered more bandwidth than necessary to become satisfied, but it may never use more than upper-limit says. For all this to work, the sum of all real-time bandwidths may not be above xx% of the line speed (see question above, the percentage varies). Question: Is this more or less accurate or a total misunderstanding of HSFC? And if assumption above is really accurate, where is prioritization in that model? E.g. every class might have a real-time bandwidth (guaranteed), a link-share bandwidth (not guaranteed) and an maybe an upper-limit, but still some classes have higher priority needs than other classes. In that case I must still prioritize somehow, even among real-time traffic of those classes. Would I prioritize by the slope of the curves? And if so, which curve? The real-time curve? The link-share curve? The upper-limit curve? All of them? Would I give all of them the same slope or each a different one and how to find out the right slope? I still haven't lost hope that there exists at least a hand full of people in this world that really understood HFSC and are able to answer all these questions accurately. And doing so without contradicting each other in the answers would be really nice ;-)

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• NHibernate, VS 2010

  - by ??????

  ????????????, ANRY! ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????????, ?????????? ? NHibernate. ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? "Hello NHibernate!". ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????: ?? ????, ???? ?????, ??????, ?????. ?????????????? ?????? 4 ??????? ? MSSQL 2010: ?????(id_??????, ????????, ????), ??????(id_???????, ???, ???????), ?????(id_??????, id_???????, ?????????) ? ?????? ??????(id_?????? ??????, id_??????, id_??????, ??????????). ??????????????, ?????? 4 ??????: ?????, ??????, ?????, ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????: ????? ?? ????????? 4 mapping-?????, ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? ???? Debug ???????? ????????? ??????: "Could not compile the mapping document: Sklad.products.hbm.xml". ?????? "????????" ?????????, ??? ??????. ? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????????, ??????. P.S. ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ???????? ?? ?????: [email protected] Google translation (I cleaned this up a but, don't don't speak russian, someone else please improve if it's wrong) Hello, ANRY! Most recently, during the passage of the practice of the university, faced with NHibernate. I read your article "Hello NHibernate!". Took to implement something like a store: that is, a product, the customer order. Accordingly created 4 tables in MSSQL 2010: Goods (id_tovara, name, price) Client (id_klienta, name, surname) Order (id_zakaza, id_klienta, cost) Order Line (id_stroki order id_zakaza, id_tovara, quantity) Accordingly, created 4 classes: Product, Customer, Order, Order Line. my question is this: whether you want to create 4 mapping-file, or you can make only one? And when there is a Debug gives the following error: "Could not compile the mapping document: Sklad.products.hbm.xml. And "Build" is normal, no errors. In what may be the problem and how it can solve? Regards, Andrew. PS if not difficult, you can reply to e-mail: [email protected]

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• Centos 6.3 vsftp unable to upload file to apache webserver

  - by user148648

  I am new to Centos, I did work with Sun Solaris and upload files to Apache web server before. I create an end user account and manage to ftp using command prompt to the server, error message is '226 Transfer Done (but failed to open directory). Content of my vsftpd.conf as below # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # ** may need to comment it back # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) #local_umask=022 local_umask=077 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. anon_upload_enable=YES # *** maybe to comment it back!!! # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # ** may need to comment it back!!! # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. ascii_upload_enable=YES ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=Warning, only for authorize login. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list local_root=/var/www # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES

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• jQuery dialog box, php form.

  - by tony noriega

  i have a dialog box that opens on pageload for a site. script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('#dialog-message').dialog({ modal: 'true', width: '400' }); }); </script> this pulls up an include: <div id="dialog-message" title="Free Jiu Jitsu Session at Alliance"> <!--#include virtual="/includes/guest.php" --> guest.php has a very small form that is processed by the page itself: <?php $dbh=mysql_connect //login stuff here if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { if (!$_POST['name'] | !$_POST['email']) { echo"<div class='error'>Error<br />Please provide your Name and Email Address so we may properly contact you.</div>"; } else { $age = $_POST['age']; $name = $_POST['name']; $gender = $_POST['gender']; $email = $_POST['email']; $phone = $_POST['phone']; $comments = $_POST['comments']; $query = "INSERT INTO table here (age,name,gender,email,phone,comments) VALUES ('$age','$name','$gender','$email','$phone','$comments')"; mysql_query($query); mysql_close(); $yoursite = "my site here"; $youremail = $email; $subject = "Website Guest Contact Us Form"; $message = "message here"; $email2 = "send to email address"; mail($email2, $subject, $message, "From: $email"); echo"<div class='thankyou'>Thank you for contacting us,<br /> we will respond as soon as we can.</div>"; } } ?> <form id="contact_us" class="guest" method="post" action="/guest.php" > <fieldset> <legend>Personal Info</legend> <label for="name" class="guest">Name:</label> <input type="text" name="name" id="name" value="" /><br> <label for="phone" class="guest">Phone:</label> <input type="text" name="phone" id="phone" value="" /><br> <label for="email" class="guest">Email Address:</label> <input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="" /><br> <label for="age" class="guest">Age:</label> <input type="text" name="age" id="age" value="" size="2" /><br> <label for="gender" class="guest">Sex:</label> <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" /> Male <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female" /> Female<br /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <legend>Comments</legend> <label for="comments" class="guest">Comments / Questions:</label> <textarea id="comments" name="comments" rows="4" cols="22"></textarea><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit" name="submit" /> <input type="Reset" value="Reset" /> </fieldset> </form> Problem is, that the path of the form action does not work, becasue this dialog box is on the index.html page of the site, and if i put the absolute path, it doesnt process... i have this functioning on another contact us page, so i know it works, but wit the dialog box, it seems to have stumped me... what should i do?

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• How do I use connect to DB2 with DBI and mod_perl?

  - by Matthew

  I'm having issues with getting DBI's IBM DB2 driver to work with mod_perl. My test script is: #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use CGI; use Data::Dumper; use DBI; { my $q; my $dsn; my $username; my $password; my $sth; my $dbc; my $row; $q = CGI->new; print $q->header; print $q->start_html(); $dsn = "DBI:DB2:SAMPLE"; $username = "username"; $password = "password"; print "<pre>".$q->escapeHTML(Dumper(\%ENV))."</pre>"; $dbc = DBI->connect($dsn, $username, $password); $sth = $dbc->prepare("SELECT * FROM SOME_TABLE WHERE FIELD='SOMETHING'"); $sth->execute(); $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref(); print "<pre>".$q->escapeHTML(Dumper($row))."</pre>"; print $q->end_html; } This script works as CGI but not under mod_perl. I get this error in apache's error log: DBD::DB2::dr connect warning: [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Data source name not found, and no default driver specified at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/Apache/DBI.pm line 190. DBI connect('SAMPLE','username',...) failed: [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Data source name not found, and no default driver specified at /data/www/perl/test.pl line 15 First of all, why is it using ODBC? The native DB2 driver is installed (hence it works as CGI). Running Apache 2.2.3, mod_perl 2.0.4 under RHEL5. This guy had the same problem as me: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg22909.html But I have no idea how he fixed it. What does mod_php4 have to do with mod_perl? Any help would be greatly appreciated, I'm having no luck with google. Update: As james2vegas pointed out, the problem has something to do with PHP: I disable PHP all together I get the a different error: Total Environment allocation failure! Did you set up your DB2 client environment? I believe this error is to do with environment variables not being set up correctly, namely DB2INSTANCE. However, I'm not able to turn off PHP to resolve this problem (I need it for some legacy applications). So I now have 2 questions: How can I fix the original issue without disabling PHP all together? How can I fix the environment issue? I've set DB2INSTANCE, DB2_PATH and SQLLIB variables correctly using SetEnv and PerlSetEnv in httpd.conf, but with no luck. Note: I've edited the code to determine if the problem was to do with Global Variable Persistence.

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• ubuntu ssh does not connect

  - by bocca

  SSH won't be able to establish a connection to our server Here's the output of ssh -vvv: ssh -v -v -v 11.11.11.11 OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 11.11.11.11 [11.11.11.11] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,arcfour128,arcfour256,arcfour,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,[email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 133/256 debug2: bits set: 486/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /root/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 1 debug1: Host '11.11.11.11' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 497/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /root/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug3: packet_send2: adding 64 (len 57 padlen 7 extra_pad 64) debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug2: callback start debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug3: tty_make_modes: ospeed 38400 debug3: tty_make_modes: ispeed 38400 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env ORBIT_SOCKETDIR debug3: Ignored env SSH_AGENT_PID debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_COOKIE debug3: Ignored env GTK_RC_FILES debug3: Ignored env WINDOWID debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env LS_COLORS debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_SOCKET debug3: Ignored env SSH_AUTH_SOCK debug3: Ignored env USERNAME debug3: Ignored env SESSION_MANAGER debug3: Ignored env MAIL debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env DESKTOP_SESSION debug3: Ignored env PWD debug3: Ignored env GDM_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT debug3: Ignored env GNOME_KEYRING_PID debug1: Sending env LANG = en_CA.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env GDM_LANG debug3: Ignored env GDMSESSION debug3: Ignored env HISTCONTROL debug3: Ignored env SPEECHD_PORT debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env XDG_DATA_DIRS debug3: Ignored env DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS debug3: Ignored env LESSOPEN debug3: Ignored env DISPLAY debug3: Ignored env LESSCLOSE debug3: Ignored env XAUTHORITY debug3: Ignored env COLORTERM debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0

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• LDAP over SSL with an EFI Fiery printer

  - by austinian

  I've got a printer with a Fiery running 8e Release 2. I can authenticate users against AD using the LDAP configuration, but I can only get it to work if I don't use SSL/TLS, and only if I use SIMPLE authentication. Right now, it's authenticating using a fairly low-impact user, but it's also the only system on our network that's not using LDAPS. I can get AD info fine over LDAPS using ldp.exe from my machine, our firewall, our mail filter, our linux boxes, etc. The only problem child is the Fiery. I've added the LDAP server certificate as a trusted cert to the Fiery, but after I check the box for Secure Communication and change the port to 636, pressing Validate results in a dialog box coming up saying: LDAP Validation Failed Server Name invalid or server is unavailable. I've tried changing the server name to use just the name, the FQDN, and the IP address, and changed it to another server, just to see if it was just this AD server that was fussy with the Fiery. EDIT: removed LDP output, added packet capture analysis from wireshark: The conversation seems pretty normal to me, up to the point where the Fiery terminates the connection after the server sends back a handshake response. Maybe they messed up their TLS implementation? I'm trying support, but it's been fairly useless so far. The cert is a SHA-2 (sha256RSA) 2048-bit certificate. Also, it looks like the Fiery is specifying TLS 1.0. Looking at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa374757(v=vs.85).aspx, I'm not seeing SHA256 and TLS 1.0 combination being supported by SChannel. headdesk perhaps that's why, after the DC changes the cipher spec, the connection is terminated by the Fiery? TLS 1.1 and 1.2 are enabled on the DC. Wireshark conversation: DC: 172.17.2.22, Fiery: 172.17.2.42 No. Time Source Source Port Destination Destination Port Protocol Length Info 1 0.000000000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TCP 74 48633 > ldaps [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=3101761 TSecr=0 WS=4 2 0.000182000 Dell_5e:94:e3 Broadcast ARP 60 Who has 172.17.2.42? Tell 172.17.2.22 3 0.000369000 TyanComp_c9:0f:90 Dell_5e:94:e3 ARP 60 172.17.2.42 is at 00:e0:81:c9:0f:90 4 0.000370000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TCP 74 ldaps > 48633 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=256 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=67970573 TSecr=3101761 5 0.000548000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TCP 66 48633 > ldaps [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=5840 Len=0 TSval=3101761 TSecr=67970573 6 0.001000000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TLSv1 147 Client Hello 7 0.001326000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TCP 1514 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 8 0.001513000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TCP 1514 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 9 0.001515000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TCP 66 48633 > ldaps [ACK] Seq=82 Ack=1449 Win=8736 Len=0 TSval=3101761 TSecr=67970573 10 0.001516000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TCP 66 48633 > ldaps [ACK] Seq=82 Ack=2897 Win=11632 Len=0 TSval=3101761 TSecr=67970573 11 0.001732000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TCP 1514 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 12 0.001737000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TLSv1 1243 Server Hello, Certificate, Certificate Request, Server Hello Done 13 0.001738000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TCP 66 48633 > ldaps [ACK] Seq=82 Ack=4345 Win=14528 Len=0 TSval=3101761 TSecr=67970573 14 0.001739000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TCP 66 48633 > ldaps [ACK] Seq=82 Ack=5522 Win=17424 Len=0 TSval=3101761 TSecr=67970573 15 0.002906000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TLSv1 78 Certificate 16 0.004155000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TLSv1 333 Client Key Exchange 17 0.004338000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TCP 66 ldaps > 48633 [ACK] Seq=5522 Ack=361 Win=66304 Len=0 TSval=67970573 TSecr=3101762 18 0.004338000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TLSv1 72 Change Cipher Spec 19 0.005481000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TLSv1 327 Encrypted Handshake Message 20 0.005645000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TCP 66 ldaps > 48633 [ACK] Seq=5522 Ack=628 Win=66048 Len=0 TSval=67970574 TSecr=3101762 21 0.010247000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TLSv1 125 Change Cipher Spec, Encrypted Handshake Message 22 0.016451000 172.17.2.42 48633 172.17.2.22 ldaps TCP 66 48633 > ldaps [FIN, ACK] Seq=628 Ack=5581 Win=17424 Len=0 TSval=3101765 TSecr=67970574 23 0.016630000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TCP 66 ldaps > 48633 [ACK] Seq=5581 Ack=629 Win=66048 Len=0 TSval=67970575 TSecr=3101765 24 0.016811000 172.17.2.22 ldaps 172.17.2.42 48633 TCP 60 ldaps > 48633 [RST, ACK] Seq=5581 Ack=629 Win=0 Len=0

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• Troubleshooting latency spikes on ESXi NFS datastores

  - by exo_cw

  I'm experiencing fsync latencies of around five seconds on NFS datastores in ESXi, triggered by certain VMs. I suspect this might be caused by VMs using NCQ/TCQ, as this does not happen with virtual IDE drives. This can be reproduced using fsync-tester (by Ted Ts'o) and ioping. For example using a Grml live system with a 8GB disk: Linux 2.6.33-grml64: root@dynip211 /mnt/sda # ./fsync-tester fsync time: 5.0391 fsync time: 5.0438 fsync time: 5.0300 fsync time: 0.0231 fsync time: 0.0243 fsync time: 5.0382 fsync time: 5.0400 [... goes on like this ...] That is 5 seconds, not milliseconds. This is even creating IO-latencies on a different VM running on the same host and datastore: root@grml /mnt/sda/ioping-0.5 # ./ioping -i 0.3 -p 20 . 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=1 time=7.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=2 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=3 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=4 time=0.9 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=5 time=4809.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=6 time=1.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=7 time=1.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=8 time=1.1 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=9 time=1.3 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=10 time=1.2 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=11 time=1.0 ms 4096 bytes from . (reiserfs /dev/sda): request=12 time=4950.0 ms When I move the first VM to local storage it looks perfectly normal: root@dynip211 /mnt/sda # ./fsync-tester fsync time: 0.0191 fsync time: 0.0201 fsync time: 0.0203 fsync time: 0.0206 fsync time: 0.0192 fsync time: 0.0231 fsync time: 0.0201 [... tried that for one hour: no spike ...] Things I've tried that made no difference: Tested several ESXi Builds: 381591, 348481, 260247 Tested on different hardware, different Intel and AMD boxes Tested with different NFS servers, all show the same behavior: OpenIndiana b147 (ZFS sync always or disabled: no difference) OpenIndiana b148 (ZFS sync always or disabled: no difference) Linux 2.6.32 (sync or async: no difference) It makes no difference if the NFS server is on the same machine (as a virtual storage appliance) or on a different host Guest OS tested, showing problems: Windows 7 64 Bit (using CrystalDiskMark, latency spikes happen mostly during preparing phase) Linux 2.6.32 (fsync-tester + ioping) Linux 2.6.38 (fsync-tester + ioping) I could not reproduce this problem on Linux 2.6.18 VMs. Another workaround is to use virtual IDE disks (vs SCSI/SAS), but that is limiting performance and the number of drives per VM. Update 2011-06-30: The latency spikes seem to happen more often if the application writes in multiple small blocks before fsync. For example fsync-tester does this (strace output): pwrite(3, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"..., 1048576, 0) = 1048576 fsync(3) = 0 ioping does this while preparing the file: [lots of pwrites] pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1036288) = 4096 pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1040384) = 4096 pwrite(3, "********************************"..., 4096, 1044480) = 4096 fsync(3) = 0 The setup phase of ioping almost always hangs, while fsync-tester sometimes works fine. Is someone capable of updating fsync-tester to write multiple small blocks? My C skills suck ;) Update 2011-07-02: This problem does not occur with iSCSI. I tried this with the OpenIndiana COMSTAR iSCSI server. But iSCSI does not give you easy access to the VMDK files so you can move them between hosts with snapshots and rsync. Update 2011-07-06: This is part of a wireshark capture, captured by a third VM on the same vSwitch. This all happens on the same host, no physical network involved. I've started ioping around time 20. There were no packets sent until the five second delay was over: No. Time Source Destination Protocol Info 1082 16.164096 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 WRITE Call (Reply In 1085), FH:0x3eb56466 Offset:0 Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1083 16.164112 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 WRITE Call (Reply In 1086), FH:0x3eb56f66 Offset:0 Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1084 16.166060 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 TCP nfs > iclcnet-locate [ACK] Seq=445 Ack=1057 Win=32806 Len=0 TSV=432016 TSER=769110 1085 16.167678 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 WRITE Reply (Call In 1082) Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1086 16.168280 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 WRITE Reply (Call In 1083) Len:84 FILE_SYNC 1087 16.168417 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 TCP iclcnet-locate > nfs [ACK] Seq=1057 Ack=773 Win=4163 Len=0 TSV=769110 TSER=432016 1088 23.163028 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 NFS V3 GETATTR Call (Reply In 1089), FH:0x0bb04963 1089 23.164541 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 NFS V3 GETATTR Reply (Call In 1088) Directory mode:0777 uid:0 gid:0 1090 23.274252 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 TCP iclcnet-locate > nfs [ACK] Seq=1185 Ack=889 Win=4163 Len=0 TSV=769821 TSER=432716 1091 24.924188 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1092 24.924210 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1093 24.924216 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1094 24.924225 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1095 24.924555 192.168.250.20 192.168.250.10 TCP nfs > iclcnet_svinfo [ACK] Seq=6893 Ack=1118613 Win=32625 Len=0 TSV=432892 TSER=769986 1096 24.924626 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1097 24.924635 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1098 24.924643 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1099 24.924649 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 1100 24.924653 192.168.250.10 192.168.250.20 RPC Continuation 2nd Update 2011-07-06: There seems to be some influence from TCP window sizes. I was not able to reproduce this problem using FreeNAS (based on FreeBSD) as a NFS server. The wireshark captures showed TCP window updates to 29127 bytes in regular intervals. I did not see them with OpenIndiana, which uses larger window sizes by default. I can no longer reproduce this problem if I set the following options in OpenIndiana and restart the NFS server: ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 8192 # default is 128000 ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_max_buf 1048575 # default is 1048576 But this kills performance: Writing from /dev/zero to a file with dd_rescue goes from 170MB/s to 80MB/s. Update 2011-07-07: I've uploaded this tcpdump capture (can be analyzed with wireshark). In this case 192.168.250.2 is the NFS server (OpenIndiana b148) and 192.168.250.10 is the ESXi host. Things I've tested during this capture: Started "ioping -w 5 -i 0.2 ." at time 30, 5 second hang in setup, completed at time 40. Started "ioping -w 5 -i 0.2 ." at time 60, 5 second hang in setup, completed at time 70. Started "fsync-tester" at time 90, with the following output, stopped at time 120: fsync time: 0.0248 fsync time: 5.0197 fsync time: 5.0287 fsync time: 5.0242 fsync time: 5.0225 fsync time: 0.0209 2nd Update 2011-07-07: Tested another NFS server VM, this time NexentaStor 3.0.5 community edition: Shows the same problems. Update 2011-07-31: I can also reproduce this problem on the new ESXi build 4.1.0.433742.

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• Does anyone really understand how HFSC scheduling in Linux/BSD works?

  - by Mecki

  I read the original SIGCOMM '97 PostScript paper about HFSC, it is very technically, but I understand the basic concept. Instead of giving a linear service curve (as with pretty much every other scheduling algorithm), you can specify a convex or concave service curve and thus it is possible to decouple bandwidth and delay. However, even though this paper mentions to kind of scheduling algorithms being used (real-time and link-share), it always only mentions ONE curve per scheduling class (the decoupling is done by specifying this curve, only one curve is needed for that). Now HFSC has been implemented for BSD (OpenBSD, FreeBSD, etc.) using the ALTQ scheduling framework and it has been implemented Linux using the TC scheduling framework (part of iproute2). Both implementations added two additional service curves, that were NOT in the original paper! A real-time service curve and an upper-limit service curve. Again, please note that the original paper mentions two scheduling algorithms (real-time and link-share), but in that paper both work with one single service curve. There never have been two independent service curves for either one as you currently find in BSD and Linux. Even worse, some version of ALTQ seems to add an additional queue priority to HSFC (there is no such thing as priority in the original paper either). I found several BSD HowTo's mentioning this priority setting (even though the man page of the latest ALTQ release knows no such parameter for HSFC, so officially it does not even exist). This all makes the HFSC scheduling even more complex than the algorithm described in the original paper and there are tons of tutorials on the Internet that often contradict each other, one claiming the opposite of the other one. This is probably the main reason why nobody really seems to understand how HFSC scheduling really works. Before I can ask my questions, we need a sample setup of some kind. I'll use a very simple one as seen in the image below: Here are some questions I cannot answer because the tutorials contradict each other: What for do I need a real-time curve at all? Assuming A1, A2, B1, B2 are all 128 kbit/s link-share (no real-time curve for either one), then each of those will get 128 kbit/s if the root has 512 kbit/s to distribute (and A and B are both 256 kbit/s of course), right? Why would I additionally give A1 and B1 a real-time curve with 128 kbit/s? What would this be good for? To give those two a higher priority? According to original paper I can give them a higher priority by using a curve, that's what HFSC is all about after all. By giving both classes a curve of [256kbit/s 20ms 128kbit/s] both have twice the priority than A2 and B2 automatically (still only getting 128 kbit/s on average) Does the real-time bandwidth count towards the link-share bandwidth? E.g. if A1 and B1 both only have 64kbit/s real-time and 64kbit/s link-share bandwidth, does that mean once they are served 64kbit/s via real-time, their link-share requirement is satisfied as well (they might get excess bandwidth, but lets ignore that for a second) or does that mean they get another 64 kbit/s via link-share? So does each class has a bandwidth "requirement" of real-time plus link-share? Or does a class only have a higher requirement than the real-time curve if the link-share curve is higher than the real-time curve (current link-share requirement equals specified link-share requirement minus real-time bandwidth already provided to this class)? Is upper limit curve applied to real-time as well, only to link-share, or maybe to both? Some tutorials say one way, some say the other way. Some even claim upper-limit is the maximum for real-time bandwidth + link-share bandwidth? What is the truth? Assuming A2 and B2 are both 128 kbit/s, does it make any difference if A1 and B1 are 128 kbit/s link-share only, or 64 kbit/s real-time and 128 kbit/s link-share, and if so, what difference? If I use the seperate real-time curve to increase priorities of classes, why would I need "curves" at all? Why is not real-time a flat value and link-share also a flat value? Why are both curves? The need for curves is clear in the original paper, because there is only one attribute of that kind per class. But now, having three attributes (real-time, link-share, and upper-limit) what for do I still need curves on each one? Why would I want the curves shape (not average bandwidth, but their slopes) to be different for real-time and link-share traffic? According to the little documentation available, real-time curve values are totally ignored for inner classes (class A and B), they are only applied to leaf classes (A1, A2, B1, B2). If that is true, why does the ALTQ HFSC sample configuration (search for 3.3 Sample configuration) set real-time curves on inner classes and claims that those set the guaranteed rate of those inner classes? Isn't that completely pointless? (note: pshare sets the link-share curve in ALTQ and grate the real-time curve; you can see this in the paragraph above the sample configuration). Some tutorials say the sum of all real-time curves may not be higher than 80% of the line speed, others say it must not be higher than 70% of the line speed. Which one is right or are they maybe both wrong? One tutorial said you shall forget all the theory. No matter how things really work (schedulers and bandwidth distribution), imagine the three curves according to the following "simplified mind model": real-time is the guaranteed bandwidth that this class will always get. link-share is the bandwidth that this class wants to become fully satisfied, but satisfaction cannot be guaranteed. In case there is excess bandwidth, the class might even get offered more bandwidth than necessary to become satisfied, but it may never use more than upper-limit says. For all this to work, the sum of all real-time bandwidths may not be above xx% of the line speed (see question above, the percentage varies). Question: Is this more or less accurate or a total misunderstanding of HSFC? And if assumption above is really accurate, where is prioritization in that model? E.g. every class might have a real-time bandwidth (guaranteed), a link-share bandwidth (not guaranteed) and an maybe an upper-limit, but still some classes have higher priority needs than other classes. In that case I must still prioritize somehow, even among real-time traffic of those classes. Would I prioritize by the slope of the curves? And if so, which curve? The real-time curve? The link-share curve? The upper-limit curve? All of them? Would I give all of them the same slope or each a different one and how to find out the right slope? I still haven't lost hope that there exists at least a hand full of people in this world that really understood HFSC and are able to answer all these questions accurately. And doing so without contradicting each other in the answers would be really nice ;-)

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• Unusually high memory usage on a CentOS VPS with 512 guaranteed RAM

  - by Andrei Bârsan

  I'm working on a medium-sized web application written in PHP that's running on a VPS with 512mb ram. The webapp hasn't been officially launched yet, so there isn't too much traffic going on, just me and a few other people working on it. There is another slightly smaller webapp also hosted on this machine, among 4-5 other small static sites. We are running Centos 5 32-bit & cPanel/WHM. This is the result of running ps aux and, as you can see, it's not using 100% of the RAM. However, on the hypanel overview, it's always shown as using aroun 500MB ram, just for running apache, mysql, and the lowest-memory-footprint versions of the mail server, ftp server etc. -bash-3.2# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 2156 664 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 init [3] root 1123 0.0 0.0 2260 548 ? S<s 12:08 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d root 1462 0.0 0.0 1812 568 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 syslogd -m 0 named 1496 0.0 0.0 3808 820 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 nsd named 1497 0.0 0.0 10672 756 ? S 12:08 0:00 nsd named 1499 0.0 0.0 3880 584 ? S 12:08 0:00 nsd root 1514 0.0 0.1 7240 1064 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 1522 0.0 0.0 2832 832 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 xinetd -stayalive -pidfile /var/run/xinetd.pid root 1534 0.0 0.1 3712 1328 ? S 12:08 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql - mysql 1667 0.0 2.9 225680 30884 ? Sl 12:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/ --datadir=/var/lib/mysql - mailnull 1766 0.0 0.1 9352 1100 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/exim -bd -q60m root 1797 0.0 0.0 2156 708 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/dovecot root 1798 0.0 0.0 2632 1012 ? S 12:08 0:00 dovecot-auth root 1816 0.0 3.0 38580 32456 ? Ss 12:08 0:01 /usr/local/bin/spamd -d --allowed-ips=127.0.0.1 --pidfi root 1839 0.0 1.6 63200 17496 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL root 1846 0.0 0.1 5416 1468 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 pure-ftpd (SERVER) root 1848 0.0 0.1 6212 1244 ? S 12:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/pure-authd -s /var/run/ftpd.sock -r /usr/sbin root 1856 0.0 0.1 4492 1112 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 crond root 1864 0.0 0.0 2356 428 ? Ss 12:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd dovecot 1927 0.0 0.1 5196 1952 ? S 12:08 0:00 pop3-login dovecot 1928 0.0 0.1 5196 1948 ? S 12:08 0:00 pop3-login dovecot 1929 0.0 0.1 5316 2012 ? S 12:08 0:00 imap-login dovecot 1930 0.0 0.2 5416 2228 ? S 12:08 0:00 imap-login root 1939 0.0 0.1 3936 1964 ? S 12:08 0:00 cPhulkd - processor root 1963 0.0 0.8 15876 8564 ? S 12:08 0:00 cpsrvd (SSL) - waiting for connections root 1966 0.0 0.7 15172 7748 ? S 12:08 0:00 cpdavd - accepting connections on 2077 and 2078 root 1990 0.0 0.2 5008 3136 ? S 12:08 0:00 queueprocd - wait to process a task root 2017 0.0 2.9 38580 31020 ? S 12:08 0:00 spamd child root 2018 0.0 0.5 8904 5636 ? S 12:08 0:00 /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/cpanel/bin/leechprotect nobody 2021 0.0 3.2 66512 33724 ? S 12:08 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 2022 0.0 3.1 67812 33024 ? S 12:08 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 2024 0.0 1.9 64364 20680 ? S 12:08 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL root 2027 0.0 0.4 9000 4540 ? S 12:08 0:00 tailwatchd root 2032 0.0 0.1 4176 1836 ? SN 12:08 0:00 cpanellogd - sleeping for logs nobody 3096 0.0 1.9 64572 20264 ? S 12:09 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 3097 0.0 2.8 66008 30136 ? S 12:09 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 3098 0.0 2.8 65704 29752 ? S 12:09 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 3099 0.0 3.1 67260 32816 ? S 12:09 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL andrei 3448 0.0 0.1 3204 1632 ? S 12:50 0:00 imap nobody 3537 0.0 1.9 64308 20108 ? S 13:01 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 3614 0.0 1.9 64576 20628 ? S 13:10 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL nobody 3615 0.0 1.3 63200 14672 ? S 13:10 0:00 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL root 3626 0.0 0.2 10232 2964 ? Rs 13:14 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0 root 3648 0.0 0.1 3844 1600 pts/0 Ss 13:14 0:00 -bash root 3826 0.0 0.0 2532 908 pts/0 R+ 13:21 0:00 ps aux Lately, without any significant changes to the configuration, the memory usage started peaking and going over 512, causing the virtual server to kill apache, basically murdering our site in the process. Do you have any idea if this is normal and more resources should be acquired? I don't think... since there isn't too much data or traffic online yet.

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• EC2 instance suddenly refusing SSH connections and won't respond to ping

  - by Chris

  My instance was running fine and this morning I was able to access a Ruby on Rails app hosted on it. An hour later I suddenly wasn't able to access my site, my SSH connection attempts were refused and the server wasn't even responding to ping. I didn't change anything on my system during that hour and reboots aren't fixing it. I've never had any problems connecting or pinging the system before. Can someone please help? This is on my production system! OS: CentOS 5 AMI ID: ami-10b55379 Type: m1.small [] ~% ssh -v *****@meeteor.com OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to meeteor.com [184.73.235.191] port 22. debug1: connect to address 184.73.235.191 port 22: Connection refused ssh: connect to host meeteor.com port 22: Connection refused [] ~% ping meeteor.com PING meeteor.com (184.73.235.191): 56 data bytes Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 ^C --- meeteor.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100.0% packet loss [] ~% ========= System Log ========= Restarting system. Linux version 2.6.16-xenU ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 03:41:49 SAST 2007 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000006a400000 (usable) 980MB HIGHMEM available. 727MB LOWMEM available. NX (Execute Disable) protection: active IRQ lockup detection disabled Built 1 zonelists Kernel command line: root=/dev/sda1 ro 4 Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done. Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done. Initializing CPU#0 PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12, 65536 bytes) Xen reported: 2599.998 MHz processor. Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) Software IO TLB disabled vmalloc area: ee000000-f53fe000, maxmem 2d7fe000 Memory: 1718700k/1748992k available (1958k kernel code, 20948k reserved, 620k data, 144k init, 1003528k highmem) Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok. Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 5202.30 BogoMIPS (lpj=26011526) Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 CPU: L1 I Cache: 64K (64 bytes/line), D cache 64K (64 bytes/line) CPU: L2 Cache: 1024K (64 bytes/line) Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK. Brought up 1 CPUs migration_cost=0 Grant table initialized NET: Registered protocol family 16 Brought up 1 CPUs xen_mem: Initialising balloon driver. highmem bounce pool size: 64 pages VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1 Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes) Initializing Cryptographic API io scheduler noop registered io scheduler anticipatory registered (default) io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered i8042.c: No controller found. RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize Xen virtual console successfully installed as tty1 Event-channel device installed. netfront: Initialising virtual ethernet driver. mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27 md: bitmap version 4.39 NET: Registered protocol family 2 Registering block device major 8 IP route cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 262144 bind 65536) TCP reno registered TCP bic registered NET: Registered protocol family 1 NET: Registered protocol family 17 NET: Registered protocol family 15 Using IPI No-Shortcut mode md: Autodetecting RAID arrays. md: autorun ... md: ... autorun DONE. kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) readonly. Freeing unused kernel memory: 144k freed *************************************************************** *************************************************************** ** WARNING: Currently emulating unsupported memory accesses ** ** in /lib/tls glibc libraries. The emulation is ** ** slow. To ensure full performance you should ** ** install a 'xen-friendly' (nosegneg) version of ** ** the library, or disable tls support by executing ** ** the following as root: ** ** mv /lib/tls /lib/tls.disabled ** ** Offending process: init (pid=1) ** *************************************************************** *************************************************************** Pausing... 5Pausing... 4Pausing... 3Pausing... 2Pausing... 1Continuing... INIT: version 2.86 booting Welcome to CentOS release 5.4 (Final) Press 'I' to enter interactive startup. Setting clock : Fri Oct 1 14:35:26 EDT 2010 [ OK ] Starting udev: [ OK ] Setting hostname localhost.localdomain: [ OK ] No devices found Setting up Logical Volume Management: [ OK ] Checking filesystems Checking all file systems. [/sbin/fsck.ext3 (1) -- /] fsck.ext3 -a /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: clean, 275424/1310720 files, 1161123/2621440 blocks [ OK ] Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode: [ OK ] Mounting local filesystems: [ OK ] Enabling local filesystem quotas: [ OK ] Enabling /etc/fstab swaps: [ OK ] INIT: Entering runlevel: 4 Entering non-interactive startup Starting background readahead: [ OK ] Applying ip6tables firewall rules: modprobe: FATAL: Module ip6_tables not found. ip6tables-restore v1.3.5: ip6tables-restore: unable to initializetable 'filter' Error occurred at line: 3 Try `ip6tables-restore -h' or 'ip6tables-restore --help' for more information. [FAILED] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ] Loading additional iptables modules: ip_conntrack_netbios_ns [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Determining IP information for eth0... done. [ OK ] Starting auditd: [FAILED] Starting irqbalance: [ OK ] Starting portmap: [ OK ] FATAL: Module lockd not found. Starting NFS statd: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: FATAL: Module sunrpc not found. FATAL: Error running install command for sunrpc Error: RPC MTAB does not exist. Starting system message bus: [ OK ] Starting Bluetooth services:[ OK ] [ OK ] Can't open RFCOMM control socket: Address family not supported by protocol Mounting other filesystems: [ OK ] Starting PC/SC smart card daemon (pcscd): [ OK ] Starting hidd: Can't open HIDP control socket: Address family not supported by protocol [FAILED] Starting autofs: Starting automount: automount: test mount forbidden or incorrect kernel protocol version, kernel protocol version 5.00 or above required. [FAILED] [FAILED] Starting sshd: [ OK ] Starting cups: [ OK ] Starting sendmail: [ OK ] Starting sm-client: [ OK ] Starting console mouse services: no console device found[FAILED] Starting crond: [ OK ] Starting xfs: [ OK ] Starting anacron: [ OK ] Starting atd: [ OK ] % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 390 100 390 0 0 58130 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 58130 100 390 100 390 0 0 56984 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 Starting yum-updatesd: [ OK ] Starting Avahi daemon... [ OK ] Starting HAL daemon: [ OK ] Starting OSSEC: [ OK ] Starting smartd: [ OK ] c CentOS release 5.4 (Final) Kernel 2.6.16-xenU on an i686 domU-12-31-39-00-C4-97 login: INIT: Id "2" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "3" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "4" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "5" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes INIT: Id "6" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes

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• vsftpd not allowing uploads. 550 response.

  - by Josh

  I've set vsftpd up on a centos box. I keep trying to upload files but I keep getting "550 Failed to change directory" and "550 Could not get file size." Here's my vsftpd.conf # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file. # This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES # WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files. # NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file xferlog_std_format=NO # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES log_ftp_protocol=YES banner_file=/etc/vsftpd/issue local_root=/var/www guest_enable=YES guest_username=ftpusr ftp_username=nobody

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• NSOutlineView not refreshing when objects added to managed object context from NSOperations

  - by John Gallagher

  Background Cocoa app using core data Two processes - daemon and a main UI Daemon constantly writing to a data store UI process reads from same data store NSOutlineView in UI is bound to an NSTreeController which is bound to Application with key path of delegate.interpretedMOC What I want When the UI is activated, the outline view should update with the latest data inserted by the daemon. The Problem Main Thread Approach I fetch all the entities I'm interested in, then iterate over them, doing refreshObject:mergeChanges:YES. This works OK - the items get refreshed correctly. However, this is all running on the main thread, so the UI locks up for 10-20 seconds whilst it refreshes. Fine, so let's move these refreshes to NSOperations that run in the background instead. NSOperation Multithreaded Approach As soon as I move the refreshObject:mergeChanges: call into an NSOperation, the refresh no longer works. When I add logging messages, it's clear that the new objects are loaded in by the NSOperation subclass and refreshed. Not only that, but they are What I've tried I've messed around with this for 2 days solid and tried everything I can think of. Passing objectIDs to the NSOperation to refresh instead of an entity name. Resetting the interpretedMOC at various points - after the data refresh and before the outline view reload. I'd subclassed NSOutlineView. I discarded my subclass and set the view back to being an instance of NSOutlineView, just in case there was any funny goings on here. Added a rearrangeObjects call to the NSTreeController before reloading the NSOutlineView data. Made sure I had set the staleness interval to 0 on all managed object contexts I was using. I've got a feeling this problem is somehow related to caching core data objects in memory. But I've totally exhausted all my ideas on how I get this to work. I'd be eternally grateful of any ideas anyone else has. Code Main Thread Approach // In App Delegate -(void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(NSNotification *)notification { // Delay to allow time for the daemon to save [self performSelector:@selector(refreshTrainingEntriesAndGroups) withObject:nil afterDelay:3]; } -(void)refreshTrainingEntriesAndGroups { NSSet *allTrainingGroups = [[[NSApp delegate] interpretedMOC] fetchAllObjectsForEntityName:kTrainingGroup]; for(JGTrainingGroup *thisTrainingGroup in allTrainingGroups) [interpretedMOC refreshObject:thisTrainingGroup mergeChanges:YES]; NSError *saveError = nil; [interpretedMOC save:&saveError]; [windowController performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(refreshTrainingView) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES]; } // In window controller class -(void)refreshTrainingView { [trainingViewTreeController rearrangeObjects]; // Didn't really expect this to have any effect. And it didn't. [trainingView reloadData]; } NSOperation Multithreaded Approach // In App Delegate -(void)refreshTrainingEntriesAndGroups { JGRefreshEntityOperation *trainingGroupRefresh = [[JGRefreshEntityOperation alloc] initWithEntityName:kTrainingGroup]; NSOperationQueue *refreshQueue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]; [refreshQueue setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:1]; [refreshQueue addOperation:trainingGroupRefresh]; while ([[refreshQueue operations] count] > 0) { [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runUntilDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0.05]]; [windowController performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(refreshTrainingView) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES]; } // JGRefreshEntityOperation.m @implementation JGRefreshEntityOperation @synthesize started; @synthesize executing; @synthesize paused; @synthesize finished; -(void)main { [self startOperation]; NSSet *allEntities = [imoc fetchAllObjectsForEntityName:entityName]; for(id thisEntity in allEntities) [imoc refreshObject:thisEntity mergeChanges:YES]; [self finishOperation]; } -(void)startOperation { [self willChangeValueForKey:@"isExecuting"]; [self willChangeValueForKey:@"isStarted"]; [self setStarted:YES]; [self setExecuting:YES]; [self didChangeValueForKey:@"isExecuting"]; [self didChangeValueForKey:@"isStarted"]; imoc = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init]; [imoc setStalenessInterval:0]; [imoc setUndoManager:nil]; [imoc setPersistentStoreCoordinator:[[NSApp delegate] interpretedPSC]]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(mergeChanges:) name:NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification object:imoc]; } -(void)finishOperation { saveError = nil; [imoc save:&saveError]; if (saveError) { NSLog(@"Error saving. %@", saveError); } imoc = nil; [self willChangeValueForKey:@"isExecuting"]; [self willChangeValueForKey:@"isFinished"]; [self setExecuting:NO]; [self setFinished:YES]; [self didChangeValueForKey:@"isExecuting"]; [self didChangeValueForKey:@"isFinished"]; } -(void)mergeChanges:(NSNotification *)notification { NSManagedObjectContext *mainContext = [[NSApp delegate] interpretedMOC]; [mainContext performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(mergeChangesFromContextDidSaveNotification:) withObject:notification waitUntilDone:YES]; } -(id)initWithEntityName:(NSString *)entityName_ { [super init]; [self setStarted:false]; [self setExecuting:false]; [self setPaused:false]; [self setFinished:false]; [NSThread setThreadPriority:0.0]; entityName = entityName_; return self; } @end // JGRefreshEntityOperation.h @interface JGRefreshEntityOperation : NSOperation { NSString *entityName; NSManagedObjectContext *imoc; NSError *saveError; BOOL started; BOOL executing; BOOL paused; BOOL finished; } @property(readwrite, getter=isStarted) BOOL started; @property(readwrite, getter=isPaused) BOOL paused; @property(readwrite, getter=isExecuting) BOOL executing; @property(readwrite, getter=isFinished) BOOL finished; -(void)startOperation; -(void)finishOperation; -(id)initWithEntityName:(NSString *)entityName_; -(void)mergeChanges:(NSNotification *)notification; @end

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• Using RJS to replace innerHTML with a real live instance variable.

  - by Steve Cotner

  I can't for the life of me get RJS to replace an element's innerHTML with an instance variable's attribute, i.e. something like @thing.name I'll show all the code (simplified from the actual project, but still complete), and I hope the solution will be forehead-slap obvious to someone... In RoR, I've made a simple page displaying a random Chinese character. This is a Word object with attributes chinese and english. Clicking on a link titled "What is this?" reveals the english attribute using RJS. Currently, it also hides the "What is this?" link and reveals a "Try Another?" link that just reloads the page, effectively starting over with a new random character. This is fine, but there are other elements on the page that make their own database queries, so I would like to load a new random character by an AJAX call, leaving the rest of the page alone. This has turned out to be harder than I expected: I have no trouble replacing the html using link_remote_to and page.replace_html, but I can't get it to display anything that includes an instance variable. I have a Word resource and a Page resource, which has a home page, where all this fun takes place. In the PagesController, I've made a couple ways to get random words. Either one works fine... Here's the code: class PagesController < ApplicationController def home all_words = Word.find(:all) @random_word = all_words.rand @random_words = Word.find(:all, :limit => 100, :order => 'rand()') @random_first = @random_words[1] end end As an aside, the SQL call with :limit => 100 is just in case I think of some way to cycle through those random words. Right now it's not useful. Also, the 'rand()' is MySQL specific, as far as I know. In the home page view (it's HAML), I have this: #character_box = render(:partial => "character", :object => @random_word) if @random_word #whatisthis = link_to_remote "? what is this?", :url => { :controller => 'words', :action => 'reveal_character' }, :html => { :title => "Click for the translation." } #tryanother.{:style => "display:none"} = link_to "try another?", root_path Note that the #'s in this case represent divs (with the given ids), not comments, because this is HAML. The "character" partial looks like this (it's erb, for no real reason): <div id="character"> <%= "#{@random_word.chinese}" } %> </div> <div id="revealed" style="display:none"> <ul> <li><span id="english"><%= "#{@random_word.english_name}" %></span></li> </ul> </div> The reveal_character.rjs file looks like this: page[:revealed].visual_effect :slide_down, :duration => '.2' page[:english].visual_effect :highlight, :startcolor => "#ffff00", :endcolor => "#ffffff", :duration => '2.5' page.delay(0.8) do page[:whatisthis].visual_effect :fade, :duration => '.3' page[:tryanother].visual_effect :appear end That all works perfectly fine. But if I try to turn link_to "try another?" into link_to_remote, and point it to an RJS template that replaces the "character" element with something new, it only works when I replace the innerHTML with static text. If I try to pass an instance variable in there, it never works. For instance, let's say I've defined a second random word under Pages#home... I'll add @random_second = @random_words[2] there. Then, in the home page view, I'll replace the "try another?" link (previously pointing to the root_path), with this: = link_to_remote "try another?", :url => { :controller => 'words', :action => 'second_character' }, :html => { :title => "Click for a new character." } I'll make that new RJS template, at app/views/words/second_character.rjs, and a simple test like this shows that it's working: page.replace_html("character", "hi") But if I change it to this: page.replace_html("character", "#{@random_second.english}") I get an error saying I fed it a nil object: ActionView::TemplateError (undefined method `english_name' for nil:NilClass) on line #1 of app/views/words/second_character.rjs: 1: page.replace_html("character", "#{@random_second.english}") Of course, actually instantiating @random_second, @random_third and so on ad infinitum would be ridiculous in a real app (I would eventually figure out some better way to keep grabbing a new random record without reloading the page), but the point is that I don't know how to get any instance variable to work here. This is not even approaching my ideal solution of rendering a partial that includes the object I specify, like this: page.replace_html 'character', :partial => 'new_character', :object => @random_second As I can't get an instance variable to work directly, I obviously cannot get it to work via a partial. I have tried various things like: :object => @random_second or :locals => { :random_second => @random_second } I've tried adding these all over the place -- in the link_to_remote options most obviously -- and studying what gets passed in the parameters, but to no avail. It's at this point that I realize I don't know what I'm doing. This is my first question here. I erred on the side of providing all necessary code, rather than being brief. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Of these 3 methods for reading linked lists from shared memory, why is the 3rd fastest?

  - by Joseph Garvin

  I have a 'server' program that updates many linked lists in shared memory in response to external events. I want client programs to notice an update on any of the lists as quickly as possible (lowest latency). The server marks a linked list's node's state_ as FILLED once its data is filled in and its next pointer has been set to a valid location. Until then, its state_ is NOT_FILLED_YET. I am using memory barriers to make sure that clients don't see the state_ as FILLED before the data within is actually ready (and it seems to work, I never see corrupt data). Also, state_ is volatile to be sure the compiler doesn't lift the client's checking of it out of loops. Keeping the server code exactly the same, I've come up with 3 different methods for the client to scan the linked lists for changes. The question is: Why is the 3rd method fastest? Method 1: Round robin over all the linked lists (called 'channels') continuously, looking to see if any nodes have changed to 'FILLED': void method_one() { std::vector<Data*> channel_cursors; for(ChannelList::iterator i = channel_list.begin(); i != channel_list.end(); ++i) { Data* current_item = static_cast<Data*>(i->get(segment)->tail_.get(segment)); channel_cursors.push_back(current_item); } while(true) { for(std::size_t i = 0; i < channel_list.size(); ++i) { Data* current_item = channel_cursors[i]; ACQUIRE_MEMORY_BARRIER; if(current_item->state_ == NOT_FILLED_YET) { continue; } log_latency(current_item->tv_sec_, current_item->tv_usec_); channel_cursors[i] = static_cast<Data*>(current_item->next_.get(segment)); } } } Method 1 gave very low latency when then number of channels was small. But when the number of channels grew (250K+) it became very slow because of looping over all the channels. So I tried... Method 2: Give each linked list an ID. Keep a separate 'update list' to the side. Every time one of the linked lists is updated, push its ID on to the update list. Now we just need to monitor the single update list, and check the IDs we get from it. void method_two() { std::vector<Data*> channel_cursors; for(ChannelList::iterator i = channel_list.begin(); i != channel_list.end(); ++i) { Data* current_item = static_cast<Data*>(i->get(segment)->tail_.get(segment)); channel_cursors.push_back(current_item); } UpdateID* update_cursor = static_cast<UpdateID*>(update_channel.tail_.get(segment)); while(true) { if(update_cursor->state_ == NOT_FILLED_YET) { continue; } ::uint32_t update_id = update_cursor->list_id_; Data* current_item = channel_cursors[update_id]; if(current_item->state_ == NOT_FILLED_YET) { std::cerr << "This should never print." << std::endl; // it doesn't continue; } log_latency(current_item->tv_sec_, current_item->tv_usec_); channel_cursors[update_id] = static_cast<Data*>(current_item->next_.get(segment)); update_cursor = static_cast<UpdateID*>(update_cursor->next_.get(segment)); } } Method 2 gave TERRIBLE latency. Whereas Method 1 might give under 10us latency, Method 2 would inexplicably often given 8ms latency! Using gettimeofday it appears that the change in update_cursor-state_ was very slow to propogate from the server's view to the client's (I'm on a multicore box, so I assume the delay is due to cache). So I tried a hybrid approach... Method 3: Keep the update list. But loop over all the channels continuously, and within each iteration check if the update list has updated. If it has, go with the number pushed onto it. If it hasn't, check the channel we've currently iterated to. void method_three() { std::vector<Data*> channel_cursors; for(ChannelList::iterator i = channel_list.begin(); i != channel_list.end(); ++i) { Data* current_item = static_cast<Data*>(i->get(segment)->tail_.get(segment)); channel_cursors.push_back(current_item); } UpdateID* update_cursor = static_cast<UpdateID*>(update_channel.tail_.get(segment)); while(true) { for(std::size_t i = 0; i < channel_list.size(); ++i) { std::size_t idx = i; ACQUIRE_MEMORY_BARRIER; if(update_cursor->state_ != NOT_FILLED_YET) { //std::cerr << "Found via update" << std::endl; i--; idx = update_cursor->list_id_; update_cursor = static_cast<UpdateID*>(update_cursor->next_.get(segment)); } Data* current_item = channel_cursors[idx]; ACQUIRE_MEMORY_BARRIER; if(current_item->state_ == NOT_FILLED_YET) { continue; } found_an_update = true; log_latency(current_item->tv_sec_, current_item->tv_usec_); channel_cursors[idx] = static_cast<Data*>(current_item->next_.get(segment)); } } } The latency of this method was as good as Method 1, but scaled to large numbers of channels. The problem is, I have no clue why. Just to throw a wrench in things: if I uncomment the 'found via update' part, it prints between EVERY LATENCY LOG MESSAGE. Which means things are only ever found on the update list! So I don't understand how this method can be faster than method 2. The full, compilable code (requires GCC and boost-1.41) that generates random strings as test data is at: http://pastebin.com/e3HuL0nr

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• Possible to manipulate UI elements via dispatchEvent()?

  - by rinogo

  Hi all! I'm trying to manually dispatch events on a textfield so I can manipulate it indirectly via code (e.g. place cursor at a given set of x/y coordinates). However, my events seem to have no effect. I've written a test to experiment with this phenomenon: package sandbox { import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.MouseEvent; import flash.text.TextField; import flash.text.TextFieldType; import flash.text.TextFieldAutoSize; import flash.utils.setTimeout; public class Test extends Sprite { private var tf:TextField; private var tf2:TextField; public function Test() { super(); tf = new TextField(); tf.text = 'Interact here'; tf.type = TextFieldType.INPUT; addChild(tf); tf2 = new TextField(); tf2.text = 'Same events replayed with five second delay here'; tf2.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT; tf2.type = TextFieldType.INPUT; tf2.y = 30; addChild(tf2); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.DOUBLE_CLICK, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVE, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OUT, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_OVER, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_WHEEL, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, mouseListener); tf.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER, mouseListener); } private function mouseListener(event:MouseEvent):void { //trace(event); setTimeout(function():void {trace(event); tf2.dispatchEvent(event);}, 5000); } } } Essentially, all this test does is to use setTimeout to effectively 'record' events on TextField tf and replay them five seconds later on TextField tf2. When an event is dispatched on tf2, it is traced to the console output. The console output upon running this program and clicking on tf is: [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=0 localY=1 stageX=0 stageY=1 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="rollOver" bubbles=false cancelable=false eventPhase=2 localX=0 localY=1 stageX=0 stageY=1 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseOver" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=0 localY=1 stageX=0 stageY=1 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=2 localY=1 stageX=2 stageY=1 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=2 localY=2 stageX=2 stageY=2 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=2 localY=3 stageX=2 stageY=3 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=3 localY=3 stageX=3 stageY=3 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=5 localY=3 stageX=5 stageY=3 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=6 localY=5 stageX=6 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=7 localY=5 stageX=7 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=9 localY=5 stageX=9 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=10 localY=5 stageX=10 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=11 localY=5 stageX=11 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=12 localY=5 stageX=12 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseDown" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=12 localY=5 stageX=12 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseUp" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=12 localY=5 stageX=12 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="click" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=12 localY=5 stageX=12 stageY=5 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=10 localY=4 stageX=10 stageY=4 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=9 localY=2 stageX=9 stageY=2 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseMove" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=9 localY=1 stageX=9 stageY=1 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="mouseOut" bubbles=true cancelable=false eventPhase=3 localX=-1 localY=-1 stageX=-1 stageY=-1 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] [MouseEvent type="rollOut" bubbles=false cancelable=false eventPhase=2 localX=-1 localY=-1 stageX=-1 stageY=-1 relatedObject=null ctrlKey=false altKey=false shiftKey=false delta=0] As we can see, the events are being captured and replayed successfully. However, no change occurs in tf2 - the mouse cursor does not appear in tf2 as we would expect. In fact, the cursor remains in tf even after the tf2 events are dispatched. Please help! Thanks, -Rich

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• OSX Server 3, Mac clients binding to OD and Profile Manager failing

  - by dbf

  I've made a setup containing a Mac Mini with OSX Server 3 (Mavericks 10.9.2) using Open Directory and Profile Manager (Mail, etc all set up and working). Now the thing is, internally on the local network, everything works great. Clients can bind to the OD and the users are able to login. I can install trust and settings profiles (either custom or group profiles) and all services in the profiles mentioned are being configured correctly. I can log in and out, hump around and do it a 100 times on different macs with different users, it works. My goal is to make this service publicly. The domain is with a FQDN which I own, for simplicity let's say server.domain.com. Now the only way for me to bind the clients to the OD is using LDAP mapping RCF2307 (without SSL) and a DN suffix of dc=server,dc=domain,dc=com using the Directory Utility. The options from server, or open directory will throw several errors like Connection failed to node '/LDAPv3/server.domain.com (2100). First of all I don't really understand the problem why clients can't bind to the OD like it does locally, with and without SSL (all ports are open, literally all ports are open, not just 389,636 and 1640, wasn't sure if I was missing any). When the clients are using LDAP mapping RFC2307 to bind (without SSL only), clients are able to authenticate, login and even load the Trust profile. But every Settings profile will fail with a Debug Message: Unable to find GUID in user record OD or fail to install saying missing user identification. Is there any way to get this to work without RFC2307? Because there is quite some stuff missing when using RFC2307 and not pull the mapping from the server or use open directory. Is this setup even possible? Or should I use VPN to authenticate with the OD? The network setup is a Modem/Router (DHCP off) with WAN NATted to an Airport Extreme (Using DHCP+NAT). The AE does notify with a double NAT message but I haven't had any problems with it on any other service. So WAN - 192.168.2.220 (static), AE - 10.0.1.* (dhcp) Output of DIG from the outside using dig server.domain.com ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;server.domain.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: server.domain.com. 77 IN A 91.50.*.* (valid WAN IP) ;; SERVER 172.*.*.1#53(172.*.*.1) (iPhone) DIG locally from a client and server (same output) ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;server.domain.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: server.domain.com. 10800 IN A 10.0.1.11 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: server.domain.com. 10800 IN NS domain.com. (used for email send in relay) server.domain.com. 10800 IN NS server.domain.com. ;; SERVER 10.0.1.11#53(10.0.1.11) Are there any things I should check? Only have OSX. -- double NAT issue, plugged in the server directly on the Modem/Router with a static IP and issue remains. Guess that rules out the double NAT thing. -- changeip -checkhostname comes with There is nothing to change, e.g. success. Primary address = 10.0.1.11 Current HostName = server.domain.com DNS HostName = server.domain.com For now, I've made a workaround by using an admin account that forces a permanent VPN connection on boot. That means before it comes to the login, a connection is already made or underway. I will continue this post when I have more time, also locating all the necessary .log files of each application involved. I have some suspicions but have to debug a bit more when I have more time on my hands .. Unless, of course, I get sidetracked with having a life. Which is arguably not very likely. krypted.com

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• problems in trying ieee 802.15.4 working from msk

  - by asel

  Hi, i took a msk code from dsplog.com and tried to modify it to test the ieee 802.15.4. There are several links on that site for ieee 802.15.4. Currently I am getting simulated ber results all approximately same for all the cases of Eb_No values. Can you help me to find why? thanks in advance! clear PN = [ 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0; 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0; 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0; 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1; 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1; 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0; 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1; 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1; 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1; 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1; 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0; 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0; 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0; ]; N = 5*10^5; % number of bits or symbols fsHz = 1; % sampling period T = 4; % symbol duration Eb_N0_dB = [0:10]; % multiple Eb/N0 values ct = cos(pi*[-T:N*T-1]/(2*T)); st = sin(pi*[-T:N*T-1]/(2*T)); for ii = 1:length(Eb_N0_dB) tx = []; % MSK Transmitter ipBit = round(rand(1,N/32)*15); for k=1:length(ipBit) sym = ipBit(k); tx = [tx PN((sym+1),1:end)]; end ipMod = 2*tx - 1; % BPSK modulation 0 -> -1, 1 -> 1 ai = kron(ipMod(1:2:end),ones(1,2*T)); % even bits aq = kron(ipMod(2:2:end),ones(1,2*T)); % odd bits ai = [ai zeros(1,T) ]; % padding with zero to make the matrix dimension match aq = [zeros(1,T) aq ]; % adding delay of T for Q-arm % MSK transmit waveform xt = 1/sqrt(T)*[ai.*ct + j*aq.*st]; % Additive White Gaussian Noise nt = 1/sqrt(2)*[randn(1,N*T+T) + j*randn(1,N*T+T)]; % white gaussian noise, 0dB variance % Noise addition yt = xt + 10^(-Eb_N0_dB(ii)/20)*nt; % additive white gaussian noise % MSK receiver % multiplying with cosine and sine waveforms xE = conv(real(yt).*ct,ones(1,2*T)); xO = conv(imag(yt).*st,ones(1,2*T)); bHat = zeros(1,N); bHat(1:2:end) = xE(2*T+1:2*T:end-2*T); % even bits bHat(2:2:end) = xO(3*T+1:2*T:end-T); % odd bits result=zeros(16,1); chiplen=32; seqstart=1; recovered = []; while(seqstart<length(bHat)) A = bHat(seqstart:seqstart+(chiplen-1)); for j=1:16 B = PN(j,1:end); result(j)=sum(A.*B); end [value,index] = max(result); recovered = [recovered (index-1)]; seqstart = seqstart+chiplen; end; %# create binary string - the 4 forces at least 4 bits bstr1 = dec2bin(ipBit,4); bstr2 = dec2bin(recovered,4); %# convert back to numbers (reshape so that zeros are preserved) out1 = str2num(reshape(bstr1',[],1))'; out2 = str2num(reshape(bstr2',[],1))'; % counting the errors nErr(ii) = size(find([out1 - out2]),2); end nErr/(length(ipBit)*4) % simulated ber theoryBer = 0.5*erfc(sqrt(10.^(Eb_N0_dB/10))) % theoretical ber

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