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• I.T. Chargeback : Core to Cloud Computing

  - by Anand Akela

  Contributed by Mark McGill Consolidation and Virtualization have been widely adopted over the years to help deliver benefits such as increased server utilization, greater agility and lower cost to the I.T. organization. These are key enablers of cloud, but in themselves they do not provide a complete cloud solution. Building a true enterprise private cloud involves moving from an admin driven world, where the I.T. department is ultimately responsible for the provisioning of servers, databases, middleware and applications, to a world where the consumers of I.T. resources can provision their infrastructure, platforms and even complete application stacks on demand. Switching from an admin-driven provisioning model to a user-driven model creates some challenges. How do you ensure that users provisioning resources will not provision more than they need? How do you encourage users to return resources when they have finished with them so that others can use them? While chargeback has existed as a concept for many years (especially in mainframe environments), it is the move to this self-service model that has created a need for a new breed of chargeback applications for cloud. Enabling self-service without some form of chargeback is like opening a shop where all of the goods are free. A successful chargeback solution will be able to allocate the costs of shared I.T. infrastructure based on the relative consumption by the users. Doing this creates transparency between the I.T. department and the consumers of I.T. When users are able to understand how their consumption translates to cost they are much more likely to be prudent when it comes to their use of I.T. resources. This also gives them control of their I.T. costs, as moderate usage will translate to a lower charge at the end of the month. Implementing Chargeback successfully create a win-win situation for I.T. and the consumers. Chargeback can help to ensure that I.T. resources are used for activities that deliver business value. It also improves the overall utilization of I.T. infrastructure as I.T. resources that are not needed are not left running idle. Enterprise Manager 12c provides an integrated metering and chargeback solution for Enterprise Manager Targets. This solution is built on top of the rich configuration and utilization information already available in Enterprise Manager. It provides metering not just for virtual machines, but also for physical hosts, databases and middleware. Enterprise Manager 12c provides metering based on the utilization and configuration of the following types of Enterprise Manager Target: Oracle VM Host Oracle Database Oracle WebLogic Server Using Enterprise Manager Chargeback, administrators are able to create a set of Charge Plans that are used to attach prices to the various metered resources. These plans can contain fixed costs (eg. $10/month/database), configuration based costs (eg. $10/month if OS is Windows) and utilization based costs (eg. $0.05/GB of Memory/hour) The self-service user provisioning these resources is then able to view a report that details their usage and helps them understand how this usage translates into cost. Armed with this information, the user is able to determine if the resources are delivering adequate business value based on what is being charged. Figure 1: Chargeback in Self-Service Portal Enterprise Manager 12c provides a variety of additional interfaces into this data. The administrator can access summary and trending reports. Summary reports allow the administrator to drill-down through the cost center hierarchy to identify, for example, the top resource consumers across the organization. Figure 2: Charge Summary Report Trending reports can be used for I.T. planning and budgeting as they show utilization and charge trends over a period of time. Figure 3: CPU Trend Report We also provide chargeback reports through BI Publisher. This provides a way for users who do not have an Enterprise Manager login (such as Line of Business managers) to view charge and usage information. For situations where a bill needs to be produced, chargeback can be integrated with billing applications such as Oracle Billing and Revenue Management (BRM). Further information on Enterprise Manager 12c’s integrated metering and chargeback: White Paper Screenwatch Cloud Management on OTN

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• Cloud Fact for Business Managers #3: Where You Data Is, and Who Has Access to It Might Surprise You

  - by yaldahhakim

  Written by: David Krauss While data security and operational risk conversations usually happen around the desk of a CCO/CSO (chief compliance and/or security officer), or perhaps the CFO, since business managers are now selecting cloud providers, they need to be able to at least ask some high-level questions on the topic of risk and compliance.  While the report found that 76% of adopters were motivated to adopt cloud apps because of quick access to software, most of these managers found that after they made a purchase decision their access to exciting new capabilities in the cloud could be hindered due to performance and scalability constraints put forth  by their cloud provider.  If you are going to let your business consume their mission critical business applications as a service, then it’s important to understand who is providing those cloud services and what kind of performance you are going to get.  Different types of departments, companies and industries will all have unique requirements so it’s key to take this also into consideration.   Nothing puts a CEO in a bad mood like a public data breach or finding out the company lost money when customers couldn’t buy a product or service because your cloud service provider had a problem.  With 42% of business managers having seen a data security breach in their department associated directly with the use of cloud applications, this is happening more than you think.   We’ve talked about the importance of being able to avoid information silos through a unified cloud approach and platform.  This is also important when keeping your data safe and secure, and a key conversation to have with your cloud provider.  Your customers want to know that their information is protected when they do business with you, just like you want your own company information protected.   This is really hard to do when each line of business is running different cloud application services managed by different cloud providers, all with different processes and controls.   It only adds to the complexity, and the more complex, the more risky and the chance that something will go wrong. What about compliance? Depending on the cloud provider, it can be difficult at best to understand who has access to your data, and were your data is actually stored.  Add to this multiple cloud providers spanning multiple departments and it becomes very problematic when trying to comply with certain industry and country data security regulations.  With 73% of business managers complaining that having cloud data handled externally by one or more cloud vendors makes it hard for their department to be compliant, this is a big time suck for executives and it puts the organization at risk. Is There A Complete, Integrated, Modern Cloud Out there for Business Executives?If you are a business manager looking to drive faster innovation for your business and want a cloud application that your CIO would approve of, I would encourage you take a look at Oracle Cloud.  It’s everything you want from a SaaS based application, but without compromising on functionality and other modern capabilities like embedded business intelligence, social relationship management (for your entire business), and advanced mobile.  And because Oracle Cloud is built and managed by Oracle, you can be confident that your cloud application services are enterprise-grade.  Over 25 Million users and 10 thousands companies around the globe rely on Oracle Cloud application services everyday – maybe your business should too.  For more information, visit cloud.oracle.com. Additional Resources •    Try it: cloud.oracle.com•    Learn more: http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/features/complete-cloud/index.html•    Research Report: Cloud for Business Managers: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

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• Getting 2D Platformer entity collision Response Correct (side-to-side + jumping/landing on heads)

  - by jbrennan

  I've been working on a 2D (tile based) 2D platformer for iOS and I've got basic entity collision detection working, but there's just something not right about it and I can't quite figure out how to solve it. There are 2 forms of collision between player entities as I can tell, either the two players (human controlled) are hitting each other side-to-side (i. e. pushing against one another), or one player has jumped on the head of the other player (naturally, if I wanted to expand this to player vs enemy, the effects would be different, but the types of collisions would be identical, just the reaction should be a little different). In my code I believe I've got the side-to-side code working: If two entities press against one another, then they are both moved back on either side of the intersection rectangle so that they are just pushing on each other. I also have the "landed on the other player's head" part working. The real problem is, if the two players are currently pushing up against each other, and one player jumps, then at one point as they're jumping, the height-difference threshold that counts as a "land on head" is passed and then it registers as a jump. As a life-long player of 2D Mario Bros style games, this feels incorrect to me, but I can't quite figure out how to solve it. My code: (it's really Objective-C but I've put it in pseudo C-style code just to be simpler for non ObjC readers) void checkCollisions() { // For each entity in the scene, compare it with all other entities (but not with one it's already compared against) for (int i = 0; i < _allGameObjects.count(); i++) { // GameObject is an Entity GEGameObject *firstGameObject = _allGameObjects.objectAtIndex(i); // Don't check against yourself or any previous entity for (int j = i+1; j < _allGameObjects.count(); j++) { GEGameObject *secondGameObject = _allGameObjects.objectAtIndex(j); // Get the collision bounds for both entities, then see if they intersect // CGRect is a C-struct with an origin Point (x, y) and a Size (w, h) CGRect firstRect = firstGameObject.collisionBounds(); CGRect secondRect = secondGameObject.collisionBounds(); // Collision of any sort if (CGRectIntersectsRect(firstRect, secondRect)) { //////////////////////////////// // // // Check for jumping first (???) // // //////////////////////////////// if (firstRect.origin.y > (secondRect.origin.y + (secondRect.size.height * 0.7))) { // the top entity could be pretty far down/in to the bottom entity.... firstGameObject.didLandOnEntity(secondGameObject); } else if (secondRect.origin.y > (firstRect.origin.y + (firstRect.size.height * 0.7))) { // second entity was actually on top.... secondGameObject.didLandOnEntity.(firstGameObject); } else if (firstRect.origin.x > secondRect.origin.x && firstRect.origin.x < (secondRect.origin.x + secondRect.size.width)) { // Hit from the RIGHT CGRect intersection = CGRectIntersection(firstRect, secondRect); // The NUDGE just offsets either object back to the left or right // After the nudging, they are exactly pressing against each other with no intersection firstGameObject.nudgeToRightOfIntersection(intersection); secondGameObject.nudgeToLeftOfIntersection(intersection); } else if ((firstRect.origin.x + firstRect.size.width) > secondRect.origin.x) { // hit from the LEFT CGRect intersection = CGRectIntersection(firstRect, secondRect); secondGameObject.nudgeToRightOfIntersection(intersection); firstGameObject.nudgeToLeftOfIntersection(intersection); } } } } } I think my collision detection code is pretty close, but obviously I'm doing something a little wrong. I really think it's to do with the way my jumps are checked (I wanted to make sure that a jump could happen from an angle (instead of if the falling player had been at a right angle to the player below). Can someone please help me here? I haven't been able to find many resources on how to do this properly (and thinking like a game developer is new for me). Thanks in advance!

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• Entity System with C++ templates

  - by tommaisey

  I've been getting interested in the Entity/Component style of game programming, and I've come up with a design in C++ which I'd like a critique of. I decided to go with a fairly pure Entity system, where entities are simply an ID number. Components are stored in a series of vectors - one for each Component type. However, I didn't want to have to add boilerplate code for every new Component type I added to the game. Nor did I want to use macros to do this, which frankly scare me. So I've come up with a system based on templates and type hinting. But there are some potential issues I'd like to check before I spend ages writing this (I'm a slow coder!) All Components derive from a Component base class. This base class has a protected constructor, that takes a string parameter. When you write a new derived Component class, you must initialise the base with the name of your new class in a string. When you first instantiate a new DerivedComponent, it adds the string to a static hashmap inside Component mapped to a unique integer id. When you subsequently instantiate more Components of the same type, no action is taken. The result (I think) should be a static hashmap with the name of each class derived from Component that you instantiate at least once, mapped to a unique id, which can by obtained with the static method Component::getTypeId ("DerivedComponent"). Phew. The next important part is TypedComponentList<typename PropertyType>. This is basically just a wrapper to an std::vector<typename PropertyType> with some useful methods. It also contains a hashmap of entity ID numbers to slots in the array so we can find Components by their entity owner. Crucially TypedComponentList<> is derived from the non-template class ComponentList. This allows me to maintain a list of pointers to ComponentList in my main ComponentManager, which actually point to TypedComponentLists with different template parameters (sneaky). The Component manager has template functions such as: template <typename ComponentType> void addProperty (ComponentType& component, int componentTypeId, int entityId) and: template <typename ComponentType> TypedComponentList<ComponentType>* getComponentList (int componentTypeId) which deal with casting from ComponentList to the correct TypedComponentList for you. So to get a list of a particular type of Component you call: TypedComponentList<MyComponent>* list = componentManager.getComponentList<MyComponent> (Component::getTypeId("MyComponent")); Which I'll admit looks pretty ugly. Bad points of the design: If a user of the code writes a new Component class but supplies the wrong string to the base constructor, the whole system will fail. Each time a new Component is instantiated, we must check a hashed string to see if that component type has bee instantiated before. Will probably generate a lot of assembly because of the extensive use of templates. I don't know how well the compiler will be able to minimise this. You could consider the whole system a bit complex - perhaps premature optimisation? But I want to use this code again and again, so I want it to be performant. Good points of the design: Components are stored in typed vectors but they can also be found by using their entity owner id as a hash. This means we can iterate them fast, and minimise cache misses, but also skip straight to the component we need if necessary. We can freely add Components of different types to the system without having to add and manage new Component vectors by hand. What do you think? Do the good points outweigh the bad?

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• When should I use a Process Model versus a Use Case?

  - by Dave Burke

  This Blog entry is a follow on to https://blogs.oracle.com/oum/entry/oum_is_business_process_and and addresses a question I sometimes get asked…..i.e. “when I am gathering requirements on a Project, should I use a Process Modeling approach, or should I use a Use Case approach?” Not surprisingly, the short answer is “it depends”! Let’s take a scenario where you are working on a Sales Force Automation project. We’ll call the process that is being implemented “Lead-to-Order”. I would typically think of this type of project as being “Process Centric”. In other words, the focus will be on orchestrating a series of human and system related tasks that ultimately deliver value to the business in a cost effective way. Put in even simpler terms……implement an automated pre-sales system. For this type of (Process Centric) project, requirements would typically be gathered through a series of Workshops where the focal point will be on creating, or confirming, the Future-State (To-Be) business process. If pre-defined “best-practice” business process models exist, then of course they could and should be used during the Workshops, but even in their absence, the focus of the Workshops will be to define the optimum series of Tasks, their connections, sequence, and dependencies that will ultimately reflect a business process that meets the needs of the business. Now let’s take another scenario. Assume you are working on a Content Management project that involves automating the creation and management of content for User Manuals, Web Sites, Social Media publications etc. Would you call this type of project “Process Centric”?.......well you could, but it might also fall into the category of complex configuration, plus some custom extensions to a standard software application (COTS). For this type of project it would certainly be worth considering using a Use Case approach in order to 1) understand the requirements, and 2) to capture the functional requirements of the custom extensions. At this point you might be asking “why couldn’t I use a Process Modeling approach for my Content Management project?” Well, of course you could, but you just need to think about which approach is the most effective. Start by analyzing the types of Tasks that will eventually be automated by the system, for example: Best Suited To? Task Name Process Model Use Case Notes Manage outbound calls Ö A series of linked human and system tasks for calling and following up with prospects Manage content revision Ö Updating the content on a website Update User Preferences Ö Updating a users display preferences Assign Lead Ö Reviewing a lead, then assigning it to a sales person Convert Lead to Quote Ö Updating the status of a lead, and then converting it to a sales order As you can see, it’s not an exact science, and either approach is viable for the Tasks listed above. However, where you have a series of interconnected Tasks or Activities, than when combined, deliver value to the business, then that would be a good indicator to lead with a Process Modeling approach. On the other hand, when the Tasks or Activities in question are more isolated and/or do not cross traditional departmental boundaries, then a Use Case approach might be worth considering. Now let’s take one final scenario….. As you captured the To-Be Process flows for the Sales Force automation project, you discover a “Gap” in terms of what the client requires, and what the standard COTS application can provide. Let’s assume that the only way forward is to develop a Custom Extension. This would now be a perfect opportunity to document the functional requirements (behind the Gap) using a Use Case approach. After all, we will be developing some new software, and one of the most effective ways to begin the Software Development Lifecycle is to follow a Use Case approach. As always, your comments are most welcome.

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• No Customer Left Behind

  - by Kathryn Perry

  A guest post by David Vap, Group Vice President, Oracle Applications Product Development What does customer experience mean to you? Is it a strategy for your executives? A new buzz word and marketing term? A bunch of CRM technology with social software added on? For me, customer experience is a customer-centric worldview that produces a deeper understanding of your business and what it takes to achieve sustainable, differentiated success. It requires you to prioritize and examine the journey your customers are on with your brand, so you can answer the question, "How can we drive greater value for our business by delivering a better customer experience?" Businesses that embrace a customer-centric worldview understand their business at a much deeper level than most. They know who their customers are, what their value is, what they do, what they say, what they want, and ultimately what that means to their business. "Why Isn't Everyone Doing It?" We're all consumers who have our own experiences with many brands. Good or bad, some of those experiences stay with us. So viscerally we understand the concept of customer experience from the stories we share. One that stands out in my mind happened as I was preparing to leave for a 12-month job assignment in Europe. I wanted to put my cable television subscription on hold. I wasn't leaving for another vendor. I wasn't upset. I just had a situation where it made sense to put my $180 per month account on pause until I returned. Unfortunately, there was no way for this cable company to acknowledge that I was a loyal customer with a logical request - and to respond accordingly. So, ultimately, they lost my business. Research shows us that it costs six to seven times more to acquire a new customer than to retain an existing one. Heavily funding the efforts of getting new customers and underfunding the efforts of serving the needs of your existing (who are your greatest advocates) is a vicious and costly cycle. "Hey, These Guys Suck!" I love my Apple iPad because it's so easy to use. The explosion of these types of technologies, combined with new media channels, has raised our expectations and made us hyperaware of what's going on and what's available. In addition, social media has given us a megaphone to share experiences both positive and negative with greater impact. We are now an always-on culture that thrives on our ability to access, connect, and share anywhere anytime. If we don't get the service, product, or value we expect, it is easy to tell many people about it. We also can quickly learn where else to get what we want. Consumers have the power of influence and choice at a global scale. The businesses that understand this principle are able to leverage that power to their advantage. The ones that don't, suffer from it. Which camp are you in?Note: This is Part 1 in a three-part series. Stop back for Part 2 on November 19.

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• The long road to bug-free software

  - by Tony Davis

  The past decade has seen a burgeoning interest in functional programming languages such as Haskell or, in the Microsoft world, F#. Though still on the periphery of mainstream programming, functional programming concepts are gradually seeping into the imperative C# language (for example, Lambda expressions have their root in functional programming). One of the more interesting concepts from functional programming languages is the use of formal methods, the lofty ideal behind which is bug-free software. The idea is that we write a specification that describes exactly how our function (say) should behave. We then prove that our function conforms to it, and in doing so have proved beyond any doubt that it is free from bugs. All programmers already use one form of specification, specifically their programming language's type system. If a value has a specific type then, in a type-safe language, the compiler guarantees that value cannot be an instance of a different type. Many extensions to existing type systems, such as generics in Java and .NET, extend the range of programs that can be type-checked. Unfortunately, type systems can only prevent some bugs. To take a classic problem of retrieving an index value from an array, since the type system doesn't specify the length of the array, the compiler has no way of knowing that a request for the "value of index 4" from an array of only two elements is "unsafe". We restore safety via exception handling, but the ideal type system will prevent us from doing anything that is unsafe in the first place and this is where we start to borrow ideas from a language such as Haskell, with its concept of "dependent types". If the type of an array includes its length, we can ensure that any index accesses into the array are valid. The problem is that we now need to carry around the length of arrays and the values of indices throughout our code so that it can be type-checked. In general, writing the specification to prove a positive property, even for a problem very amenable to specification, such as a simple sorting algorithm, turns out to be very hard and the specification will be different for every program. Extend this to writing a specification for, say, Microsoft Word and we can see that the specification would end up being no simpler, and therefore no less buggy, than the implementation. Fortunately, it is easier to write a specification that proves that a program doesn't have certain, specific and undesirable properties, such as infinite loops or accesses to the wrong bit of memory. If we can write the specifications to prove that a program is immune to such problems, we could reuse them in many places. The problem is the lack of specification "provers" that can do this without a lot of manual intervention (i.e. hints from the programmer). All this might feel a very long way off, but computing power and our understanding of the theory of "provers" advances quickly, and Microsoft is doing some of it already. Via their Terminator research project they have started to prove that their device drivers will always terminate, and in so doing have suddenly eliminated a vast range of possible bugs. This is a huge step forward from saying, "we've tested it lots and it seems fine". What do you think? What might be good targets for specification and verification? SQL could be one: the cost of a bug in SQL Server is quite high given how many important systems rely on it, so there's a good incentive to eliminate bugs, even at high initial cost. [Many thanks to Mike Williamson for guidance and useful conversations during the writing of this piece] Cheers, Tony.

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• EPPM Is a Must-Have Capability as Global Energy and Power Industries Eye US$38 Trillion in New Investments

  - by Melissa Centurio Lopes

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} “The process manufacturing industry is facing an unprecedented challenge: from now until 2035, cumulative worldwide investments of US$38 trillion will be required for drilling, power generation, and other energy projects,” Iain Graham, director of energy and process manufacturing for Oracle’s Primavera, said in a recent webcast. He adds that process manufacturing organizations such as oil and gas, utilities, and chemicals must manage this level of investment in an environment of constrained capital markets, erratic supply and demand, aging infrastructure, heightened regulations, and declining global skills. In the following interview, Graham explains how the right enterprise project portfolio management (EPPM) technology can help the industry meet these imperatives. Q: Why is EPPM so important for today’s process manufacturers? A: If the industry invests US$38 trillion without proper cost controls in place, a huge amount of resources will be put at risk, especially when it comes to cost overruns that may occur in large capital projects. Process manufacturing companies must not only control costs, but also monitor all the various contractors that will be involved in each project. If you’re not managing your own workers and all the interdependencies among the different contractors, then you’ve got problems. Q: What else should process manufacturers look for? A: It’s also important that an EPPM solution has the ability to manage more than just capital projects. For example, it’s best to manage maintenance and capital projects in the same system. Say you’re due to install a new transformer in a power station as part of a capital project, but routine maintenance in that area of the facility is scheduled for that morning. The lack of coordination could lead to unforeseen delays. There are also IT considerations that impact capital projects, such as adding servers and network cable for a control system in a power station. What organizations need is a true EPPM system that’s not just for capital projects, maintenance, or IT activities, but instead an enterprisewide solution that provides visibility into all types of projects. Read the complete Q&A here and discover the practical framework for successfully managing this massive capital spending.

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• Writing a method to 'transform' an immutable object: how should I approach this?

  - by Prog

  (While this question has to do with a concrete coding dilemma, it's mostly about what's the best way to design a function.) I'm writing a method that should take two Color objects, and gradually transform the first Color into the second one, creating an animation. The method will be in a utility class. My problem is that Color is an immutable object. That means that I can't do color.setRGB or color.setBlue inside a loop in the method. What I can do, is instantiate a new Color and return it from the method. But then I won't be able to gradually change the color. So I thought of three possible solutions: 1- The client code includes the method call inside a loop. For example: int duration = 1500; // duration of the animation in milliseconds int steps = 20; // how many 'cycles' the animation will take for(int i=0; i<steps; i++) color = transformColor(color, targetColor, duration, steps); And the method would look like this: Color transformColor(Color original, Color target, int duration, int steps){ int redDiff = target.getRed() - original.getRed(); int redAddition = redDiff / steps; int newRed = original.getRed() + redAddition; // same for green and blue .. Thread.sleep(duration / STEPS); // exception handling omitted return new Color(newRed, newGreen, newBlue); } The disadvantage of this approach is that the client code has to "do part of the method's job" and include a for loop. The method doesn't do it's work entirely on it's own, which I don't like. 2- Make a mutable Color subclass with methods such as setRed, and pass objects of this class into transformColor. Then it could look something like this: void transformColor(MutableColor original, Color target, int duration){ final int STEPS = 20; int redDiff = target.getRed() - original.getRed(); int redAddition = redDiff / steps; int newRed = original.getRed() + redAddition; // same for green and blue .. for(int i=0; i<STEPS; i++){ original.setRed(original.getRed() + redAddition); // same for green and blue .. Thread.sleep(duration / STEPS); // exception handling omitted } } Then the calling code would usually look something like this: // The method will usually transform colors of JComponents JComponent someComponent = ... ; // setting the Color in JComponent to be a MutableColor Color mutableColor = new MutableColor(someComponent.getForeground()); someComponent.setForeground(mutableColor); // later, transforming the Color in the JComponent transformColor((MutableColor)someComponent.getForeground(), new Color(200,100,150), 2000); The disadvantage is - the need to create a new class MutableColor, and also the need to do casting. 3- Pass into the method the actual mutable object that holds the color. Then the method could do object.setColor or similar every iteration of the loop. Two disadvantages: A- Not so elegant. Passing in the object that holds the color just to transform the color feels unnatural. B- While most of the time this method will be used to transform colors inside JComponent objects, other kinds of objects may have colors too. So the method would need to be overloaded to receive other types, or receive Objects and have instanceof checks inside.. Not optimal. Right now I think I like solution #2 the most, than solution #1 and solution #3 the least. However I'd like to hear your opinions and suggestions regarding this.

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• apache2 doesn't start with location

  - by Geod24

  I have a small domain, which I use only for personal purposes. I'm the main user, and have at most 3-4 users at the same time. I use apache2 with passenger to serve redmine. So I start with an empty apache2: root@xxxxx:/home/# service apache2 start [ ok ] Starting web server: apache2. root@xxxxx:/home/# a2dissite Your choices are: Which site(s) do you want to disable (wildcards ok)? Then enable my site, and restart (not reload) apache2: root@xxxxx:/home/# a2ensite 200-redmine Enabling site 200-redmine. To activate the new configuration, you need to run: service apache2 reload root@xxxxx:/home/# service apache2 restart [FAIL] Restarting web server: apache2 failed! [warn] The apache2 instance did not start within 20 seconds. Please read the log files to discover problems ... (warning). root@xxxxx:/home/# service apache2 restart [FAIL] Restarting web server: apache2 failed! [warn] There are processes named 'apache2' running which do not match your pid file which are left untouched in the name of safety, Please review the situation by hand. ... (warning). root@xxxxx:/home/# pidof apache2 20948 Here's my 200-redmine.conf: PerlLoadModule Apache::Redmine <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName redmine.xxxxx.xxx DocumentRoot /var/www/redmine/public/ ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/redmine.error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/redmine.access.log common MaxRequestLen 20971520 <Directory "/var/www/redmine/public/"> Options Indexes ExecCGI FollowSymLinks Order allow,deny Allow from all AllowOverride all </Directory> SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /opt/git/ SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend/ <Location /git> PerlAuthenHandler Apache::Authn::Redmine::authen_handler PerlAccessHandler Apache::Authn::Redmine::access_handler AuthType Basic Require valid-user AuthName "Redmine Git Repository" RedmineDSN "DBI:mysql:database=redmine;host=localhost:3306" RedmineDbUser "redmine" RedmineDbPass "password" RedmineCacheCredsMax 50 </Location> </VirtualHost> Now if I comment out the ScriptAlias / stuff, it works ! In addition, starting the server with 200-redmine disabled, then enabling it works. But apache2 will die randomly. Plus the location doesn't work. The logs show nothing: root@xxxxx:/home/# ll /var/log/apache2/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 30 07:52 coredump -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:39 default.access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2356 Nov 4 02:39 default.error.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:39 other_vhosts_access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:39 redmine.access.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 4 02:39 redmine.error.log root@xxxxx:/home/# ll /var/log/apache2/coredump/ total 0 root@xxxxx:/home/# cat /var/log/apache2/default.error.log [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.0130 21471/7fcf090f4740 agents/Watchdog/Main.cpp:452 ]: Options: { 'analytics_log_user' => 'nobody', 'default_group' => 'nogroup', 'default_python' => 'python', 'default_ruby' => '/usr/bin/ruby', 'default_user' => 'nobody', 'log_level' => '0', 'max_instances_per_app' => '0', 'max_pool_size' => '6', 'passenger_root' => '/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/locations.ini', 'pool_idle_time' => '300', 'temp_dir' => '/tmp', 'union_station_gateway_address' => 'gateway.unionstationapp.com', 'union_station_gateway_port' => '443', 'user_switching' => 'true', 'web_server_pid' => '21470', 'web_server_type' => 'apache', 'web_server_worker_gid' => '33', 'web_server_worker_uid' => '33' } [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.0255 21474/7f9a99fda740 agents/HelperAgent/Main.cpp:597 ]: PassengerHelperAgent online, listening at unix:/tmp/passenger.1.0.21470/generation-0/request [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.0507 21479/7f8316b0f740 agents/LoggingAgent/Main.cpp:330 ]: PassengerLoggingAgent online, listening at unix:/tmp/passenger.1.0.21470/generation-0/logging [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.0511 21471/7fcf090f4740 agents/Watchdog/Main.cpp:635 ]: All Phusion Passenger agents started! [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.3158 21495/7fba6f686740 agents/Watchdog/Main.cpp:452 ]: Options: { 'analytics_log_user' => 'nobody', 'default_group' => 'nogroup', 'default_python' => 'python', 'default_ruby' => '/usr/bin/ruby', 'default_user' => 'nobody', 'log_level' => '0', 'max_instances_per_app' => '0', 'max_pool_size' => '6', 'passenger_root' => '/usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/locations.ini', 'pool_idle_time' => '300', 'temp_dir' => '/tmp', 'union_station_gateway_address' => 'gateway.unionstationapp.com', 'union_station_gateway_port' => '443', 'user_switching' => 'true', 'web_server_pid' => '21491', 'web_server_type' => 'apache', 'web_server_worker_gid' => '33', 'web_server_worker_uid' => '33' } [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.3304 21498/7f0106d9b740 agents/HelperAgent/Main.cpp:597 ]: PassengerHelperAgent online, listening at unix:/tmp/passenger.1.0.21491/generation-0/request [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.3522 21503/7f92ad392740 agents/LoggingAgent/Main.cpp:330 ]: PassengerLoggingAgent online, listening at unix:/tmp/passenger.1.0.21491/generation-0/logging [ 2013-11-04 02:39:36.3525 21495/7fba6f686740 agents/Watchdog/Main.cpp:635 ]: All Phusion Passenger agents started! And at last: root@xxxxx:/home/# apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS VirtualHost configuration: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server redmine.xxxx.xxx (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/200-redmine.conf:5) port 80 namevhost redmine.xxxx.xxx (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/200-redmine.conf:5) port 80 namevhost redmine.xxxxx.xxx (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/200-redmine.conf:5) root@xxxxx:/home/# uname -a Linux xxxx.xxx 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.51-1 x86_64 GNU/Linux root@xxxxx:/home/# dpkg --list | grep apache2 ii apache2 2.4.6-3 amd64 Apache HTTP Server ii apache2-bin 2.4.6-3 amd64 Apache HTTP Server (binary files and modules) ii apache2-data 2.4.6-3 all Apache HTTP Server (common files) ii apache2-utils 2.4.6-3 amd64 Apache HTTP Server (utility programs for web servers) ii libapache2-mod-fcgid 1:2.3.9-1 amd64 FastCGI interface module for Apache 2 ii libapache2-mod-passenger 4.0.10-1 amd64 Rails and Rack support for Apache2 ii libapache2-mod-perl2 2.0.8+httpd24-r1449661-6+b1 amd64 Integration of perl with the Apache2 web server ii libapache2-mod-perl2-dev 2.0.8+httpd24-r1449661-6 all Integration of perl with the Apache2 web server - development files ii libapache2-mod-perl2-doc 2.0.8+httpd24-r1449661-6 all Integration of perl with the Apache2 web server - documentation ii libapache2-mod-proxy-html 1:2.4.6-3 amd64 Transitional package for apache2-bin ii libapache2-mod-svn 1.7.13-2 amd64 Apache Subversion server modules for Apache httpd ii libapache2-reload-perl 0.12-2 all module for reloading Perl modules when changed on disk ii libapache2-svn 1.7.13-2 all Apache Subversion server modules for Apache httpd (dummy package) root@xxxxx:/home/# a2dismod Your choices are: access_compat alias auth_basic authn_core authn_file authz_core authz_host authz_svn authz_user autoindex dav dav_svn deflate dir env fcgid filter mime mpm_event negotiation passenger perl proxy proxy_http rewrite setenvif status Which module(s) do you want to disable (wildcards ok)?

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• Too many apache processes, killing the CPU

  - by RULE101

  I am noticed that too many apache processes killing the CPU in my dedicated server. 14193 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 66.1 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 14128 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.9 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 14136 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.9 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 14129 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.8 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 13419 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.7 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 13421 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.7 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 13426 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.7 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 13428 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.7 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 13429 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.7 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 12173 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.5 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL 14073 (Trace) (Kill) nobody 0 65.5 0.0 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL I am getting high load email notification from cpanel during the day. FROM httpd.conf Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/includes/pre_main_global.conf" Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/includes/pre_main_2.conf" LoadModule bwlimited_module modules/mod_bwlimited.so LoadModule h264_streaming_module /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_h264_streaming.so AddHandler h264-streaming.extensions .mp4 Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/php.conf" Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/includes/errordocument.conf" ErrorLog "logs/error_log" ScriptAliasMatch ^/?controlpanel/?$ /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/redirect.cgi ScriptAliasMatch ^/?cpanel/?$ /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/redirect.cgi ScriptAliasMatch ^/?kpanel/?$ /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/redirect.cgi ScriptAliasMatch ^/?securecontrolpanel/?$ /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/sredirect.cgi ScriptAliasMatch ^/?securecpanel/?$ /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/sredirect.cgi ScriptAliasMatch ^/?securewhm/?$ /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/swhmredirect.cgi ScriptAliasMatch ^/?webmail/?$ /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/wredirect.cgi ScriptAliasMatch ^/?whm/?$ /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/whmredirect.cgi RewriteEngine on AddType text/html .shtml Alias /akopia /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/interchange/share/akopia/ Alias /bandwidth /usr/local/bandmin/htdocs/ Alias /img-sys /usr/local/cpanel/img-sys/ Alias /interchange /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/interchange/share/interchange/ Alias /interchange-5 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/interchange/share/interchange-5/ Alias /java-sys /usr/local/cpanel/java-sys/ Alias /mailman/archives /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/archives/public/ Alias /pipermail /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/archives/public/ Alias /sys_cpanel /usr/local/cpanel/sys_cpanel/ ScriptAlias /cgi-sys /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/ ScriptAlias /mailman /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/mailman/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/"> AllowOverride All Options All </Directory> <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"> Options All AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> <Files ~ "^error_log$"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </Files> <Files ".ht*"> Require all denied </Files> <IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common CustomLog "logs/access_log" common <IfModule logio_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options All Require all granted </Directory> <IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig conf/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz </IfModule> <IfModule prefork.c> Mutex default mpm-accept </IfModule> <IfModule mod_log_config.c> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent CustomLog logs/access_log common </IfModule> <IfModule worker.c> Mutex default mpm-accept </IfModule> # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Direct modifications to the Apache configuration file may be lost upon subsequent regeneration of the # # configuration file. To have modifications retained, all modifications must be checked into the # # configuration system by running: # # /usr/local/cpanel/bin/apache_conf_distiller --update # # To see if your changes will be conserved, regenerate the Apache configuration file by running: # # /usr/local/cpanel/bin/build_apache_conf # # and check the configuration file for your alterations. If your changes have been ignored, then they will # # need to be added directly to their respective template files. # # # # It is also possible to add custom directives to the various "Include" files loaded by this httpd.conf # # For detailed instructions on using Include files and the apache_conf_distiller with the new configuration # # system refer to the documentation at: http://www.cpanel.net/support/docs/ea/ea3/customdirectives.html # # # # This configuration file was built from the following templates: # # /var/cpanel/templates/apache2/main.default # # /var/cpanel/templates/apache2/main.local # # /var/cpanel/templates/apache2/vhost.default # # /var/cpanel/templates/apache2/vhost.local # # /var/cpanel/templates/apache2/ssl_vhost.default # # /var/cpanel/templates/apache2/ssl_vhost.local # # # # Templates with the '.local' extension will be preferred over templates with the '.default' extension. # # The only template updated by the apache_conf_distiller is main.default. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # PidFile logs/httpd.pid # Defined in /var/cpanel/cpanel.config: apache_port Listen 0.0.0.0:80 User nobody Group nobody ExtendedStatus On ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName server.powerlabel.net LogLevel warn # These can be set in WHM under 'Apache Global Configuration' Timeout 300 ServerSignature On <IfModule prefork.c> </IfModule> RewriteEngine on RewriteMap LeechProtect prg:/usr/local/cpanel/bin/leechprotect Mutex file:/usr/local/apache/logs rewrite-map <IfModule !mod_ruid2.c> UserDir public_html </IfModule> <IfModule mod_ruid2.c> UserDir disabled </IfModule> # DirectoryIndex is set via the WHM -> Service Configuration -> Apache Setup -> DirectoryIndex Priority DirectoryIndex index.html.var index.htm index.html index.shtml index.xhtml index.wml index.perl index.pl index.plx index.ppl index.cgi index.jsp index.js index.jp index.php4 index.php3 index.php index.phtml default.htm default.html home.htm index.php5 Default.html Default.htm home.html # SSLCipherSuite can be set in WHM under 'Apache Global Configuration' SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin SSLUseStapling on SSLStaplingCache shmcb:/usr/local/apache/logs/stapling_cache_shmcb(256000) SSLSessionCache shmcb:/usr/local/apache/logs/ssl_gcache_data_shmcb(1024000) SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300 Mutex file:/usr/local/apache/logs ssl-cache SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin # Defined in /var/cpanel/cpanel.config: apache_ssl_port Listen 0.0.0.0:443 AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .plx .ppl .perl AddHandler server-parsed .shtml AddType text/html .shtml AddType application/x-tar .tgz AddType text/vnd.wap.wml .wml AddType image/vnd.wap.wbmp .wbmp AddType text/vnd.wap.wmlscript .wmls AddType application/vnd.wap.wmlc .wmlc AddType application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc .wmlsc <Location /whm-server-status> SetHandler server-status Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.1 </Location> # SUEXEC is supported Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/includes/pre_virtualhost_global.conf" Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/includes/pre_virtualhost_2.conf" What can cause this and how can i fix it ?

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• Rails + Nginx + Unicorn multiple apps

  - by Mikhail Nikalyukin

  I get the server where is currently installed two apps and i need to add another one, here is my configs. nginx.conf user www-data www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 768; # multi_accept on; } http { sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; ## # Disable unknown domains ## server { listen 80 default; server_name _; return 444; } ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /home/ruby/apps/*/shared/config/nginx.conf; } unicorn.rb deploy_to = "/home/ruby/apps/staging.domain.com" rails_root = "#{deploy_to}/current" pid_file = "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids/unicorn.pid" socket_file= "#{deploy_to}/shared/sockets/.sock" log_file = "#{rails_root}/log/unicorn.log" err_log = "#{rails_root}/log/unicorn_error.log" old_pid = pid_file + '.oldbin' timeout 30 worker_processes 10 # ????? ???? ? ??????????? ?? ????????, ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ???? listen socket_file, :backlog => 1024 pid pid_file stderr_path err_log stdout_path log_file preload_app true GC.copy_on_write_friendly = true if GC.respond_to?(:copy_on_write_friendly=) before_exec do |server| ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] = "#{rails_root}/Gemfile" end before_fork do |server, worker| defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.connection.disconnect! if File.exists?(old_pid) && server.pid != old_pid begin Process.kill("QUIT", File.read(old_pid).to_i) rescue Errno::ENOENT, Errno::ESRCH end end end after_fork do |server, worker| defined?(ActiveRecord::Base) and ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection end Also im added capistrano to the project deploy.rb # encoding: utf-8 require 'capistrano/ext/multistage' require 'rvm/capistrano' require 'bundler/capistrano' set :stages, %w(staging production) set :default_stage, "staging" default_run_options[:pty] = true ssh_options[:paranoid] = false ssh_options[:forward_agent] = true set :scm, "git" set :user, "ruby" set :runner, "ruby" set :use_sudo, false set :deploy_via, :remote_cache set :rvm_ruby_string, '1.9.2' # Create uploads directory and link task :configure, :roles => :app do run "cp #{shared_path}/config/database.yml #{release_path}/config/database.yml" # run "ln -s #{shared_path}/db/sphinx #{release_path}/db/sphinx" # run "ln -s #{shared_path}/config/unicorn.rb #{release_path}/config/unicorn.rb" end namespace :deploy do task :restart do run "if [ -f #{unicorn_pid} ] && [ -e /proc/$(cat #{unicorn_pid}) ]; then kill -s USR2 `cat #{unicorn_pid}`; else cd #{deploy_to}/current && bundle exec unicorn_rails -c #{unicorn_conf} -E #{rails_env} -D; fi" end task :start do run "cd #{deploy_to}/current && bundle exec unicorn_rails -c #{unicorn_conf} -E #{rails_env} -D" end task :stop do run "if [ -f #{unicorn_pid} ] && [ -e /proc/$(cat #{unicorn_pid}) ]; then kill -QUIT `cat #{unicorn_pid}`; fi" end end before 'deploy:finalize_update', 'configure' after "deploy:update", "deploy:migrate", "deploy:cleanup" require './config/boot' nginx.conf in app shared path upstream staging_whotracker { server unix:/home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/shared/sockets/.sock; } server { listen 209.105.242.45; server_name beta.whotracker.com; rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.beta.whotracker.com/$1 permanent; } server { listen 209.105.242.45; server_name www.beta.hotracker.com; root /home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/current/public; location ~ ^/sitemaps/ { root /home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/current/system; if (!-f $request_filename) { break; } if (-f $request_filename) { expires -1; break; } } # cache static files :P location ~ ^/(images|javascripts|stylesheets)/ { root /home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/current/public; if ($query_string ~* "^[0-9a-zA-Z]{40}$") { expires max; break; } if (!-f $request_filename) { break; } } if ( -f /home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/shared/offline ) { return 503; } location /blog { index index.php index.html index.htm; try_files $uri $uri/ /blog/index.php?q=$uri; } location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fastcgi/php-fastcgi.socket; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } location / { proxy_set_header HTTP_REFERER $http_referer; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0; # If the file exists as a static file serve it directly without # running all the other rewite tests on it if (-f $request_filename) { break; } if (!-f $request_filename) { proxy_pass http://staging_whotracker; break; } } error_page 502 =503 @maintenance; error_page 500 504 /500.html; error_page 503 @maintenance; location @maintenance { rewrite ^(.*)$ /503.html break; } } unicorn.log executing ["/home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/shared/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/bin/unicorn_rails", "-c", "/home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/current/config/unicorn.rb", "-E", "staging", "-D", {5=>#<Kgio::UNIXServer:/home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/shared/sockets/.sock>}] (in /home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/releases/20120517114413) I, [2012-05-17T06:43:48.111717 #14636] INFO -- : inherited addr=/home/ruby/apps/staging.whotracker.com/shared/sockets/.sock fd=5 I, [2012-05-17T06:43:48.111938 #14636] INFO -- : Refreshing Gem list worker=0 ready ... master process ready ... reaped #<Process::Status: pid 2590 exit 0> worker=6 ... master complete Deploy goes successfully, but when i try to access beta.whotracker.com or ip-address i get SERVER NOT FOUND error, while others app works great. Nothing shows up in error logs. Can you please point me where is my fault?

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• Cannot login to SQL Server 2008 R2 with Windows authentication

  - by Ian Boyd

  When i try to connect to SQL Server (2008 R2) using Windows authentication: i cannot: Checking the Windows Application event log, i find the error: Login failed for user 'AVATOPIA\ian'. Reason: Token-based server access validation failed with an infrastructure error. Check for previous errors. [CLIENT: ] Log Name: Application Source: MSSQLSERVER Event ID: 18456 Level: Information User: AVATOPIA\ian OpCode: Task Category: Logon i can login to the computer itself using Windows authentication. i can log into SQL Server using the local Windows Administrator account. We can connect to 8 other SQL Servers on the domain using Windows Authentication. Just this one, whitch is the only one that is 2008 R2 is failing. So i assume it's a bug with *2008 R2. Note: i cannot logon locally, or remotely, using Windows authentication. i can login locally and remotely using SQL Server Authentication. Update Note: It's not limited to SQL Server Management Studio, standalone applications that connect using Windows authentication: fail: Note: It's not a client problem, as we can connect fine to other (non-SQL Server 2008 R2 machines): i'm sure there's a technote or knowledge base article describing why SQL Server 2008 R2 is broken by default, but i can't find it. Update 2 Matt figure out the change that Microsoft made so that SQL Server 2008 R2 is broken by default: Administrators are no longer administrators All that remains is to figure out how to make Administrators administrators. One of these days i'm going to start a list of changes around Microsoft's "broken by default" initiative. Steps to reproduce the problem How do i add a group to the sysadmin fixed server role? Here's the steps i try, that don't work: Click Add: Click Object Types: Ensure that you have no ability to add groups: and click OK. Under Enter the object names to select, enter Administrators: Click Check Names, and ensure that you are not allowed to add groups: and click Cancel. Click Browse..., and ensure that you have no ability to add groups: You should now still not have added any group to the sysadmin role. Additional information SQL Server Management Studio is being run as an administrator: SQL Server is set to use Windows Authentication: tried while logged into SQL with both sa and the only other sysadmin domain account (screenshot can be supplied for those who don't believe)

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• Distinction between an extranet and a DMZ

  - by Markus Yrjölä

  I've been reading about intranets, extranets, DMZs and VPNs now, and I'd need some clarifications related to extranets and DMZs. I understand that they are different types of concepts - extranet allows limited access to some intranet resources, while DMZ is a subnet that sits between the internet and intranet and hosts the external-faced services. However, I'd like to know what is their distinction in practice in a usual setup? The Wikipedia article on extranets says that extranets are similar to DMZs because they are used for the same purpose (providing access to some services/resources without exposing the whole intranet). The article also states that an extranet is a part of a VPN, and this TechNet article also states that extranet access is often implemented similarly to remote intranet access, e.g. with a VPN. The TechNet article also says that commonly the extranet is hosted inside the DMZ. This Pearson article says "Although [the DMZ] is technically located within the intranet, [it] can serve as the extranet as well". This is slightly confusing. Consider this scenario: A company has a B2C website hosted in the DMZ. The website can be accessed from anywhere, but requires user authentication. The underlying web app has its database inside the intranet and also interacts with some web services that are hosted inside the intranet (i.e. it accesses intranet resources). The way I see it, the website does effectively offer a restricted access to the intranet. But can it be considered an extranet? If we take the Wikipedia definition of an extranet literally - "An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from outside of an organization's intranet" - I think it can. Let's say that the above can't be considered an extranet. What if we change the scenario slightly, and say it's a B2B website, where the access is e.g. limited to connections coming from a specific business partner (by using site-to-site VPN, for example). In this case it surely is an extranet, right? If this is the case, then the difference between extranet services and any other services hosted in the DMZ is simply access restrictions?

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• Communication software wanted: email, sms, IM, phone calls [closed]

  - by user63835

  I am searching for a software solution that integrates / unifies my communication. I use email, instant messaging, SMS and phone. I would like to get all emails, SMS, instant messaging dialogs and meta-data about phone calls into one application. Important is that I can access all past communication with one application. There should be a global address-book to map the communication data to persons or organizations. I want all the communication data in one place to access and backup it easily. The software solution is not required to be multi-user application or server application. It is just for one user (me) only, but server or multi-user applications are not excluded. I may run it on a server hardware. It should run on Linux (Lubuntu / Ubuntu prefered). Free and OpenSource software is prefered. It would be nice if I could perform new communication (like writing a new email, sms, etc.) with one application, but that is not a must have requirement. I could also work with different applications dedicated for different types of communication like IM-application for IM and email-application for email, if all that communication data from the specialized applications will be delivered to one single place where I can access and backup it. I have an android phone and currently I am using Google contacts as the address-book. In the long term this may change, to get back the control over my data. I did some Internet search but did not find a nice solution, yet. If I am looking for unified messaging and unified communication, am I on the right track? The current Thunderbird version has IM functionality integrated. Did not try it, yet. For SMS it may be possible to use an app to send every SMS (incoming and outgoing) as an email, but I am not sure if those SMS-emails can be mapped to an address-book contact. I don't remember exactly, but isn't there a Google android app (I think Google voice) integrating SMS into google services? But in Germany this function has not been released, yet. Maybe a groupware solution would solve the requirements, but I don't have much experience with it. As communication possibilites are groing, I am woundering that there seems to be such a big gap of solutions. I can't believe I am the only one who would like solution, better integrating all the communication channels more easily. If you know a software solution that solves these requirements (partly) I would be glad if you tell me about it. Thanks in advance.

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• How to set 2 conditions / criterias for VLOOKUP / LOOKUP / etc in OpenOffice Calc (or Excel)

  - by MestreLion

  I have this spreadsheet that started as a silly aid for a game (Mafia Wars 2), but grew into a tricky spreadsheet question. In the game your character have 9 "slots" for weapons and armors, 1 for each "type": Light Weapon, Heavy Weapon, Body Armor, Head Armor, etc. So I made a list of all weapons and armors available in the game, 1 item per row. Example: SHOP ITEM TYPE ITEM NAME ATK DEF PRICE EQUIPPED? Marketplace Weapon Light Konrad Knife 16 5 5.500 Marketplace Weapon Light Ice Queen 19 6 8.200 Marketplace Armor Body Up Layered Polym 0 31 8.600 Marketplace Armor Body Up Full Shield 7 42 17.650 Marketplace Weapon Heavy Konrad Bullpup 53 25 24.500 Marketplace Weapon Heavy Full Moon Blow 73 12 24.500 x Marketplace Armor Body Low Knee Pads 17 26 14.200 x Marketplace Armor Body Low Army Boots 15 55 24.500 Bone Yard Weapon Light Bone Launcher 41 2 9.400 x Neon Strip Vehicle Ground Supercharged 41 34 24.500 Dead End Weapon Heavy Sharp Sickle 21 5 24.500 Dead End Armor Body Low Unholy Boots 5 36 15.000 Dead End Armor Head Hockey Mask 5 18 15.900 x Last columns is an indication of the items i have already bought and equipped (marked with "x"). What I need is a formula that, for each "slot" (item type), returns info related to the item of that kind that I am using. That would be: ITEM TYPE SHOP NAME ITEM NAME ATK DEF PRICE Weapon Light Bone Yard Bone Launcher 41 2 9.400 Weapon Heavy Marketplace Full Moon Blow 73 12 24.500 Weapon Special -- -- -- -- -- Armor Body Up -- -- -- -- -- Armor Body Low Marketplace Knee Pads 17 26 14.200 Armor Head Dead End Hockey Mask 5 18 15.900 Vehicle Ground -- -- -- -- -- Vehicle Water -- -- -- -- -- Vehicle Air -- -- -- -- -- The item types are fixed, so they can be hard coded. Each row for an item type. So, for 1st result line, it would return data from the row where both 2nd column is "Weapon Light" and last column is "x". Basically I need a LOOKUP (or VLOOKUP, or anything else) that uses 2 criteria to find a given row, the item type and the X marker. Question is: HOW? I am using OpenOffice Calc 3.2.1, but since it shares so many functions with MS Excel, answers for Excel are also fine (as long as it only uses regular formulas, no VBScript or Macros or VBA etc) Last but not least, suggestions / solutions for rearranging the data so it makes this problem easier to solve are also welcome. Thanks!

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• How do I get the latest FastCGI and PHP versions to peacefully coexist on IIS 6?

  - by BHelman

  I have been going round and round trying to get any sort of PHP running on IIS 6. I somehow managed to successfully get version 5.1.4 running using the php5isapi.dll file. However, I want to upgrade a website to begin using a Content Management System. I have never dug into CMS before so I'm open to programs that are easy to use. I am currently looking into TomatoCMS and ImpressCMS - but that's beside the point. I have never done an installation with PHP before and I think I'm getting familiar with how it works. However the current situation is this. Microsoft's Web Platform Installer 2.0 installed FastCGI for me. I need to upgrade to PHP 5.3.1 for a CMS system. So I downloaded the Windows installer and let it go at it. After consulting several other blog articles, I believe I know how it is supposed to work but I am currently not having luck. THE SETUP *.php is a registered extension in IIS 6 for all websites (on Win 2k3). The application that it calls is C:\Windows\system32\inetsvr\fcgiext.dll, like it should. The fcgiext.ini config has the proper lines: [Types] php=PHP [PHP] ext=C:\program files\PHP\php-cgi.exe And the php.ini file also has the correct configs. All extensions are disabled and I changed the correct things for FastCGI. And everything is registered correctly with the PATH variable. Everything is exactly how it should be. BUT when I launch the "info.php" page () on another computer, I get the following error: FastCGI Error The FastCGI Handler was unable to process the request. Error Details: * Section [PHP] not found in config file. * Error Number: 1413 (0x80070585). * Error Description: Invalid index. HTTP Error 500 - Server Error. Internet Information Services (IIS) A quick Google search reveals that I have it all setup correctly as far as the INI's go and the mapping of the php extension. I am completely at a loss. Does anyone have any suggestions? Although the server is hosting three small websites, I don't really care what I have to do to it to get it to work.

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• Port forwarding problem

  - by Steve

  I have a modem connecting to ADSL2 network and a router connecting to the modem. The rest of the machines all connect to the router. The modem has IP as 192.168.1.1 and the router's IP is 192.168.0.1. From the modem configuration, I can see that the modem thinks the router's IP is 192.168.1.2. I can visit the router by either using 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.2. Now I forward a port from the router to a private machine. It works. I can test it by typing 192.168.1.2 and it is redirected to the private machine. But if I use 192.168.0.1, it is still the router's configuration page. I also do a port forwarding on my modem. Since the modem sees only the router, I can only forward the port to the router's specific port. And I am thinking that by doing this, I can reach the private machine after two times port forwarding, once on the modem and once on the router. I also have a static public IP. I want to achieve the goal that when someone types the public IP, he will be redirected to the private machine. But when I use some online port forwarding tester, the result always says that the port is closed on the public IP. I have the questions: Why my router has two IPs? Why using one IP I can see the port forwarding result while using the other I cannot? I think the port forwarding only works when visiting from outside, rather than from both outside and inside. Otherwise, if I set port forwarding on my router/modem on port 80, I will never be able to see its original configuration page again. Everything is forwarded. Am I right? How can I achieve my goal described above? By achieve this, I will have a dedicated server of my own and the users can visit from the public IP. Anyone can correct me on any mistakes I made? I am using Netconn modem and D-Link DIR-300 router. Thank you very much for any help. Edit: Consider I have correctly setup the whole thing. Now I want to test my website by using public IP to visit it, but the port forwarding doesn't work. Does it consider that I am inside the local network and not using the port forwarding? If so, how can I do it? I ask my friends (outside my local network) to have a try and they can see the website. What should I do so that from the inside, I can do the testing? Thank you very much.

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• pasenger does not start puppet master under nginx

  - by Anadi Misra

  On the server [root@bangvmpllDA02 logs]# ruby -v ruby 1.8.7 (2011-06-30 patchlevel 352) [x86_64-linux] [root@bangvmpllDA02 logs]# puppet --version 3.0.1 and [root@bangvmpllDA02 logs]# service nginx configtest nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@bangvmpllDA02 logs]# service nginx status nginx (pid 25923 25921 25920 25917 25908) is running... [root@bangvmpllDA02 logs]# however none of my agents are able to connect to the master, they all fail with errors like so [amisr1@blramisr195602 ~]$ puppet agent --test --verbose --server bangvmpllda02.XXX.com Info: Creating a new SSL certificate request for blramisr195602.XXX.com Info: Certificate Request fingerprint (SHA256): 26:EB:08:1F:82:32:E4:03:7A:64:8E:30:A3:99:93:26:E6:66:B9:B0:49:B6:08:F9:67:CA:1B:0C:00:B9:1D:41 Error: Could not request certificate: Error 405 on SERVER: <html> <head><title>405 Not Allowed</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>405 Not Allowed</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx</center> </body> </html> Exiting; failed to retrieve certificate and waitforcert is disabled when I check logs on puppet master [root@bangvmpllDA02 logs]# tail puppet_access.log [05/Dec/2012:17:45:18 +0530] "GET /production/certificate/ca? HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "Ruby" [05/Dec/2012:18:32:23 +0530] "PUT /production/certificate_request/sl63anadi.XXX.com HTTP/1.1" 405 166 "-" "-" [05/Dec/2012:18:33:33 +0530] "GET /production/certificate/sl63anadi.XXX.com? HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" [05/Dec/2012:18:33:33 +0530] "GET /production/certificate_request/sl63anadi.XXX.com? HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" [05/Dec/2012:18:33:33 +0530] "PUT /production/certificate_request/sl63anadi.XXX.com HTTP/1.1" 405 166 "-" "-" and the error logs show that nginx is not really able to process the request well 2012/12/05 18:33:33 [error] 25920#0: *23 open() "/etc/puppet/rack/public/production/certificate/sl63anadi.XXX.com" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.209.47.26, server: , request: "GET /production/certificate/sl63anadi.XXX.com? HTTP/1.1", host: "bangvmpllda02.XXX.com:8140" 2012/12/05 18:33:33 [error] 25920#0: *24 open() "/etc/puppet/rack/public/production/certificate_request/sl63anadi.XXX.com" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.209.47.26, server: , request: "GET /production/certificate_request/sl63anadi.XXX.com? HTTP/1.1", host: "bangvmpllda02.XXX.com:8140" 2012/12/05 18:47:56 [error] 25923#0: *27 open() "/etc/puppet/rack/public/production/certificate/ca" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.209.47.31, server: , request: "GET /production/certificate/ca? HTTP/1.1", host: "bangvmpllda02.XXX.com:8140" 2012/12/05 18:47:56 [error] 25923#0: *28 open() "/etc/puppet/rack/public/production/certificate_request/blramisr195602.XXX.com" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.209.47.31, server: , request: "GET /production/certificate_request/blramisr195602.XXX.com? HTTP/1.1", host: "bangvmpllda02.XXX.com:8140" Passenger does not show any application groups either [root@bangvmpllDA02 nginx]# passenger-status ----------- General information ----------- max = 15 count = 0 active = 0 inactive = 0 Waiting on global queue: 0 ----------- Application groups ----------- [root@bangvmpllDA02 nginx]# here's my nginx configuration [root@bangvmpllDA02 logs]# cat ../nginx.conf user puppet; worker_processes 4; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { use epoll; worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; server_tokens off; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 120; gzip on; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_disable "msie6"; gzip_vary on; gzip_min_length 1100; gzip_buffers 64 8k; gzip_comp_level 3; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml; server { listen 80; server_name bangvmpllda02.XXXX.com; charset utf-8; #access_log logs/http.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm index.php; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { root html; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~ /\.ht { access_log off; log_not_found off; deny all; } location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|css|js|ico|xml)$ { access_log off; log_not_found off; expires 2d; } } # Passenger needed for puppet passenger_root /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18; passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; passenger_max_pool_size 15; server { ssl on; listen 8140 default ssl; server_name bangvmpllda02.XXXX.com; passenger_enabled on; passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_CLIENT_DN $ssl_client_s_dn; passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_CLIENT_VERIFY $ssl_client_verify; passenger_min_instances 5; access_log logs/puppet_access.log; error_log logs/puppet_error.log; root /etc/puppet/rack/public; ssl_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/bangvmpllda02.XXX.com.pem; ssl_certificate_key /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/bangvmpllda02.XXX.com.pem; ssl_crl /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem; ssl_client_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem; ssl_ciphers SSLv2:-LOW:-EXPORT:RC4+RSA; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_verify_client optional; ssl_verify_depth 1; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; } } and the puppet.conf [main] # The Puppet log directory. # The default value is '$vardir/log'. logdir = /var/log/puppet # Where Puppet PID files are kept. # The default value is '$vardir/run'. rundir = /var/run/puppet dns_alt_names = devops.XXXX.com,devops confdir = /etc/puppet vardir = /var/lib/puppet storeconfigs = true storeconfigs_backend = puppetdb thin_storeconfigs = false async_storeconfigs = false ssl_client_header = SSL_CLIENT_S_D ssl_client_verify_header = SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY # Where SSL certificates are kept. # The default value is '$confdir/ssl'. ssldir = $vardir/ssl any ideas where am I going wrong? I checkthe directory permissions; /usr/share/puppet, /etc/puppet and /var/lib/puppet (and files inside them) are owned by puppet user.

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• Lighttpd not cleanly restarting (address already in use)

  - by NilObject

  When doing a dist-upgrade recently, my lighttpd-1.4.19 install on Ubuntu 8.0.4 has begun failing to restart or reload properly with the /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart command. ~$ sudo /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart * Stopping web server lighttpd ...done. * Starting web server lighttpd 2009-06-13 04:06:36: (network.c.300) can't bind to port: 80 Address already in use ...fail! The same error occurs when I do a reload. The way I get around it is to kill lighttpd and then issue the start command, but it seems like I shouldn't have to do that :) I've looked at my config files, and can't spot any immediate errors. Does anyone have any ideas what can be causing this error? This seems to be the latest version as of writing this question that is available via the apt-get route. My config file is: # Debian lighttpd configuration file # ############ Options you really have to take care of #################### ## modules to load # mod_access, mod_accesslog and mod_alias are loaded by default # all other module should only be loaded if neccesary # - saves some time # - saves memory server.modules = ( "mod_access", "mod_alias", "mod_accesslog", "mod_compress", "mod_fastcgi", "mod_rewrite", "mod_redirect", ) ## a static document-root, for virtual-hosting take look at the ## server.virtual-* options server.document-root = "/var/www/" ## where to send error-messages to server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" fastcgi.server = (".php" => (( "bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php5-cgi", "socket" => "/tmp/php.socket" ))) ## files to check for if .../ is requested index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm", "index.lighttpd.html" ) ## Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible # mimetype.use-xattr = "enable" #### accesslog module accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/access.log" ## deny access the file-extensions # # ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part # of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) ## # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer # # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) mimetype.assign = ( ".pdf" => "application/pdf", ".sig" => "application/pgp-signature", ".spl" => "application/futuresplash", ".class" => "application/octet-stream", ".ps" => "application/postscript", ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent", ".dvi" => "application/x-dvi", ".gz" => "application/x-gzip", ".pac" => "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", ".swf" => "application/x-shockwave-flash", ".tar.gz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tgz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tar" => "application/x-tar", ".zip" => "application/zip", ".mp3" => "audio/mpeg", ".m3u" => "audio/x-mpegurl", ".wma" => "audio/x-ms-wma", ".wax" => "audio/x-ms-wax", ".ogg" => "audio/x-wav", ".wav" => "audio/x-wav", ".gif" => "image/gif", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", ".xbm" => "image/x-xbitmap", ".xpm" => "image/x-xpixmap", ".xwd" => "image/x-xwindowdump", ".css" => "text/css", ".html" => "text/html", ".htm" => "text/html", ".js" => "text/javascript", ".asc" => "text/plain", ".c" => "text/plain", ".conf" => "text/plain", ".text" => "text/plain", ".txt" => "text/plain", ".dtd" => "text/xml", ".xml" => "text/xml", ".rss" => "application/rss+xml", ".mpeg" => "video/mpeg", ".mpg" => "video/mpeg", ".mov" => "video/quicktime", ".qt" => "video/quicktime", ".avi" => "video/x-msvideo", ".asf" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".asx" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".wmv" => "video/x-ms-wmv", ".bz2" => "application/x-bzip", ".tbz" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", ".tar.bz2" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar" ) include_shell "/usr/share/lighttpd/include-conf-enabled.pl" My /etc/init.d/lighttpd script is (untouched from installation): #!/bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: lighttpd # Required-Start: networking # Required-Stop: networking # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: Start the lighttpd web server. ### END INIT INFO PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin DAEMON=/usr/sbin/lighttpd NAME=lighttpd DESC="web server" PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME ENV="env -i LANG=C PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin" SSD="/sbin/start-stop-daemon" DAEMON_OPTS="-f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf" test -x $DAEMON || exit 0 set -e # be sure there is a /var/run/lighttpd, even with tmpfs mkdir -p /var/run/lighttpd > /dev/null 2> /dev/null chown www-data:www-data /var/run/lighttpd chmod 0750 /var/run/lighttpd . /lib/lsb/init-functions case "$1" in start) log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" $NAME if ! $ENV $SSD --start --quiet\ --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS ; then log_end_msg 1 else log_end_msg 0 fi ;; stop) log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" $NAME if $SSD --quiet --stop --oknodo --retry 30\ --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON; then rm -f $PIDFILE log_end_msg 0 else log_end_msg 1 fi ;; reload) log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" $NAME if $SSD --stop --signal 2 --oknodo --retry 30\ --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON; then if $ENV $SSD --start --quiet \ --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS ; then log_end_msg 0 else log_end_msg 1 fi else log_end_msg 1 fi ;; restart|force-reload) $0 stop [ -r $PIDFILE ] && while pidof lighttpd |\ grep -q `cat $PIDFILE 2>/dev/null` 2>/dev/null ; do sleep 1; done $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2 exit 1 ;; esac exit 0

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• Nginx / uWsgi / Django site can handle more traffic with rewrite URL

  - by Ludo

  Hi there. I'm running a Django app, using uWsgi behind Nginx. I've been doing some performance tuning and load testing using ApacheBench and have discovered something unexpected which I wonder if someone could explain for me. In my Nginx config I have a rewrite directive which catches lots of different URL permutations and then forwards them to the canonical URL I wish to use, eg, it traps www.mysite.com/whatever, www.mysite.co.uk/whatever and forwards them all to http://mysite.com/whatever. If I load test against any of the URLs listed with a redirect (ie, NOT the canonical URL which it is eventually forwarded to), it can serve 15000 concurrent connections without breaking a sweat. If I load test against the canonical URL, which the above test I would have expected got forwarded to anyway, it can't handle nearly as much. It will drop about 4000 of the 15000 requests, and can only handle about 9000 reliably. This is the command line I'm using to test: ab -c15000 -n15000 http://www.mysite.com/somepath/ and ab -c15000 -n15000 http://mysite.com/somepath/ I've tried several different types - it makes no different which order I do them in. This doesn't make sense to me - I can understand why the requests involving a redirect may not handle quite so many concurrent connections, but it's happening the other way round. Can anyone explain? I'd really prefer it if the canonical URL was the one which could handle more traffic. I'll post my Nginx config below. Thanks loads for any help! server { server_name www.somesite.com somesite.net www.somesite.net somesite.co.uk www.somesite.co.uk; rewrite ^(.*) http://somesite.com$1 permanent; } server { root /home/django/domains/somesite.com/live/somesite/; server_name somesite.com somesite-live.myserver.somesite.com; access_log /home/django/domains/somesite.com/live/log/nginx.log; location / { uwsgi_pass unix:////tmp/somesite-live.sock; include uwsgi_params; } location /media { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; } location /site_media { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; } location = /favicon.ico { empty_gif; } }

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• Tying down a cloud by virtualizing everything and then locking VMs to real hardware as necessary

  - by tudor

  I'm looking for a cloud software solution that: Can run on both server and desktop machines; Virtualizes hardware and has the option of exposing each real machine to the cloud; Allows a VM to be "locked" to a set of real hardware capabilities and stay there until moved (e.g. a user's "real" desktop); Allows a VM to link to some types of devices elsewhere (e.g. USB/serial via ethernet); and Is geography-aware to control movement of VMs between real networks. I'm aware that this may be the holy grail of virtualization, and I've searched alot. Some solutions appear to meet some criteria but not others. Most cloud implementations appear to ignore real hardware, for example. I realise that this may be solved by using three different implementations in combination: A standard cloud server farm. A bare-metal network backup utility with PXEBoot. VNC and/or VDI. (VNC obviously would require the real hardware to be running.) This combination, however, has some serious drawbacks that I'd like to solve by treating it as one system. My explanation follows... I have a network of real servers and desktops in multiple locations. I've virtualized servers before using Virtualbox and that's worked quite well. I've even connected USB devices to VMs on servers. I would like to virtualize the desktops in all my offices to facilitate movement of desktops, remote access (e.g. VDI) and bare-metal backups. However, I know that there are problems with this. For example, some desktops have specific hardware (e.g. 3D graphics cards, USB devices, etc) that limit their mobility. Geographic constraints also limit movement in that VMs can be moved easily within offices, but transferring between offices is not always preferable. What I would like to find is a system that can virtualize everything from bare-metal easily by maintaining an abstraction layer on each client and server machine that exposes the hardware available and runs as a cloud. Then certain VMs would be "locked" to specific hardware (so that, e.g. the VM runs only on their own desktop.) This would be required for situations where speed is important (e.g. 3D graphics pass-through). In addition, abstracted low-speed devices (e.g. USB) could be piped from real hardware to a VM in the cloud. This is important since if a VM is taken down, another VM can connect to the real hardware for minimum downtime.

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• Building NanoBSD inside a jail

  - by ptomli

  I'm trying to setup a jail to enable building a NanoBSD image. It's actually a jail on top of a NanoBSD install. The problem I have is that I'm unable to mount the md device in order to do the 'build image' part. Is it simply not possible to mount an md device inside a jail, or is there some other knob I need to twiddle? On the host /etc/rc.conf.local jail_enable="YES" jail_mount_enable="YES" jail_list="build" jail_set_hostname_allow="NO" jail_build_hostname="build.vm" jail_build_ip="192.168.0.100" jail_build_rootdir="/mnt/zpool0/jails/build/home" jail_build_devfs_enable="YES" jail_build_devfs_ruleset="devfsrules_jail_build" /etc/devfs.rules [devfsrules_jail_build=5] # nothing Inside the jail [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# sysctl security.jail security.jail.param.cpuset.id: 0 security.jail.param.host.hostid: 0 security.jail.param.host.hostuuid: 64 security.jail.param.host.domainname: 256 security.jail.param.host.hostname: 256 security.jail.param.children.max: 0 security.jail.param.children.cur: 0 security.jail.param.enforce_statfs: 0 security.jail.param.securelevel: 0 security.jail.param.path: 1024 security.jail.param.name: 256 security.jail.param.parent: 0 security.jail.param.jid: 0 security.jail.enforce_statfs: 1 security.jail.mount_allowed: 1 security.jail.chflags_allowed: 1 security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0 security.jail.sysvipc_allowed: 0 security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only: 1 security.jail.set_hostname_allowed: 0 security.jail.jail_max_af_ips: 255 security.jail.jailed: 1 [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# mdconfig -l md2 md0 md1 md0 and md1 are the ramdisks of the host. bsdlabel looks sensible [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# bsdlabel /dev/md2s1 # /dev/md2s1: 8 partitions: # size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg] a: 1012016 16 4.2BSD 0 0 0 c: 1012032 0 unused 0 0 # "raw" part, don't edit newfs runs ok [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# newfs -U /dev/md2s1a /dev/md2s1a: 494.1MB (1012016 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4 cylinder groups of 123.55MB, 7907 blks, 15872 inodes. with soft updates super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 160, 253184, 506208, 759232 mount fails [root@build /usr/obj/nanobsd.PROLIANT_MICROSERVER]# mount /dev/md2s1a _.mnt/ mount: /dev/md2s1a : Operation not permitted UPDATE: One of my colleagues pointed out There are some file systems types that can't be securely mounted within a jail no matter what, like UFS, MSDOFS, EXTFS, XFS, REISERFS, NTFS, etc. because the user mounting it has access to raw storage and can corrupt it in a way that it will panic entire system. From http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg160389.html So it seems that the standard nanobsd.sh won't run inside a jail while it uses the md device to build the image. One potential solution I'll try is to chroot from the host into the build jail, rather than jexec a shell.

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• Filtering Security Logs by User and Logon Type

  - by Trido

  I have been asked to find out when a user has logged on to the system in the last week. Now the audit logs in Windows should contain all the info I need. I think if I search for Event ID 4624 (Logon Success) with a specific AD user and Logon Type 2 (Interactive Logon) that it should give me the information I need, but for the life of my I cannot figure out how to actually filter the Event Log to get this information. Is it possible inside of the Event Viewer or do you need to use an external tool to parse it to this level? I found http://nerdsknowbest.blogspot.com.au/2013/03/filter-security-event-logs-by-user-in.html which seemed to be part of what I needed. I modified it slightly to only give me the last 7 days worth. Below is the XML I tried. <QueryList> <Query Id="0" Path="Security"> <Select Path="Security">*[System[(EventID=4624) and TimeCreated[timediff(@SystemTime) &lt;= 604800000]]]</Select> <Select Path="Security">*[EventData[Data[@Name='Logon Type']='2']]</Select> <Select Path="Security">*[EventData[Data[@Name='subjectUsername']='Domain\Username']]</Select> </Query> </QueryList> It only gave me the last 7 days, but the rest of it did not work. Can anyone assist me with this? EDIT Thanks to the suggestions of Lucky Luke I have been making progress. The below is my current query, although as I will explain it isn't returning any results. <QueryList> <Query Id="0" Path="Security"> <Select Path="Security"> *[System[(EventID='4624')] and System[TimeCreated[timediff(@SystemTime) &lt;= 604800000]] and EventData[Data[@Name='TargetUserName']='john.doe'] and EventData[Data[@Name='LogonType']='2'] ] </Select> </Query> </QueryList> As I mentioned, it wasn't returning any results so I have been messing with it a bit. I can get it to produce the results correctly until I add in the LogonType line. After that, it returns no results. Any idea why this might be? EDIT 2 I updated the LogonType line to the following: EventData[Data[@Name='LogonType'] and (Data='2' or Data='7')] This should capture Workstation Logons as well as Workstation Unlocks, but I still get nothing. I then modify it to search for other Logon Types like 3, or 8 which it finds plenty of. This leads me to believe that the query works correctly, but for some reason there are no entries in the Event Logs with Logon Type equalling 2 and this makes no sense to me. Is it possible to turn this off?

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• TeamSpeak 3 Disconnects

  - by ArchUser

  I've recently had a few random TS3 mass disconnects and I'm am curious to know where I may find any applications that can help me determine the cause of any types of TS3 server disconnections as we plan on having many more users in the future. I run an almost empty VPS (OpenVZ) server with an ArchLinux template on it. I have 1.5/2GB of RAM, 2GHz of CPU and plenty of hard drive space, to run for the most part, just my TS3 and a low traffic apache web server. This is what I am investigating. 2011-02-04 06:07:05.130343|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Valamoor'(id:224) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.131338|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Kevrow'(id:19? reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.191849|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'scuba'(id:200) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.192633|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected '[Ash] Setna'(id:75) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.193350|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Akiris'(id:254) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.194047|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Marcus'(id:25? reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.194726|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Guthry'(id:275) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 07:18:50.327071|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Valamoor'(id:224) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 07:18:51.339018|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Marcus'(id:25? reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 07:18:51.339870|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected '[Ash] Setna'(id:75) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 07:18:51.340515|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Guthry'(id:275) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-05 04:55:20.797353|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'JohnyRingo'(id:240) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-05 04:55:20.798517|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Maloo roots'(id:196) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-05 04:55:20.799314|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Cpt dravyn'(id:234) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-05 04:55:20.839254|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'scuba'(id:200) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' etc... I need to determine if it is my hosting provider or my server, and what tools I can use to determine the issues. My VPS host has told me this... "I checked out the node that your VPS runs on and there is no abnormal system load, or I/O wait from the drive. I also checked the bandwidth history from the server and there have been no spikes or outages."

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