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  • get return value from 2 threads in C

    - by polslinux
    #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <inttypes.h> typedef struct tmp_num{ int tmp_1; int tmp_2; }t_num; t_num t_nums; void *num_mezzo_1(void *num_orig); void *num_mezzo_2(void *num_orig); int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ pthread_t thread1, thread2; int tmp=0,rc1,rc2,num; num=atoi(argv[1]); if(num <= 3){ printf("Questo è un numero primo: %d\n", num); exit(0); } if( (rc1=pthread_create( &thread1, NULL, &num_mezzo_1, (void *)&num)) ){ printf("Creazione del thread fallita: %d\n", rc1); exit(1); } if( (rc2=pthread_create( &thread2, NULL, &num_mezzo_2, (void *)&num)) ){ printf("Creazione del thread fallita: %d\n", rc2); exit(1); } t_nums.tmp_1 = 0; t_nums.tmp_2 = 0; pthread_join(thread1, (void **)(&t_nums.tmp_1)); pthread_join(thread2, (void **)(&t_nums.tmp_2)); tmp=t_nums.tmp_1+t_nums.tmp_2; printf("%d %d %d\n", tmp, t_nums.tmp_1, t_nums.tmp_2); if(tmp>2){ printf("Questo NON è un numero primo: %d\n", num); } else{ printf("Questo è un numero primo: %d\n", num); } exit(0); } void *num_mezzo_1(void *num_orig){ int cont_1; int *n_orig=(int *)num_orig; t_nums.tmp_1 = 0; for(cont_1=1; cont_1<=(*n_orig/2); cont_1++){ if((*n_orig % cont_1) == 0){ (t_nums.tmp_1)++; } } pthread_exit((void *)(&t_nums.tmp_1)); return NULL; } void *num_mezzo_2(void *num_orig){ int cont_2; int *n_orig=(int *)num_orig; t_nums.tmp_2 = 0; for(cont_2=((*n_orig/2)+1); cont_2<=*n_orig; cont_2++){ if((*n_orig % cont_2) == 0){ (t_nums.tmp_2)++; } } pthread_exit((void *)(&t_nums.tmp_2)); return NULL; } How this program works: i have to input a number and this program will calculate if it is a prime number or not (i know that it is a bad algorithm but i only need to learn pthread). The problem is that the returned values are too much big.For example if i write "12" the value of tmp tmp_1 tmp_2 into the main are 12590412 6295204 6295208.Why i got those numbers??

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  • How to best use GCC with Visual Studio

    - by Oops
    I know this thread http://stackoverflow.com/questions/216025/gcc-with-visual-studio but to me it seems that everything mentioned there is rather outdated and it seems to be the tenor is: don't do it Who knows a better step by step explanation thank you in advance Oops

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  • Make emacs aware of files externally moved/renamed on Mac os x

    - by Gyom
    I've been using mac os x for several years, and I realize that I've now gotten used to all applications transparently "following" files as I rename or move them (either via mv on the console or within the Finder's GUI), and emacs is pretty much the only program that does not. This is a shame though, because most of my time in front a screen is actually spent in front of emacs :-) Would anyone have any ideas or pointers about what measures I could take to get that behaviour in emacs ? (yes I know this is "impossible" to acheive in general, but when I just rename a simple file, or move it to a directory nearby, it's a shame I have to close/reopen it for emacs to notice. oh and no, I'm not going to use 'dired' as a file manager :-)

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  • How to get the name of global active window using Java??

    - by Ansh J
    I am work an Desktop Application in which i need to save the name of corrently focused or active window name(mozilla firefox, or any other file name) in an text file currently I am using getActiveWindow() method of KeyboardFocusManager which give the name of active Window, or null if the active Window is not a member of the calling thread's context. I want to get the name of Global Active window which corrently user is using. Thanks Ansh J Thanks in advance

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  • Swing and handling threads

    - by James P.
    There's a couple questions here on StackOverflow on the subject of threading with the Swing api but things still aren't clear. What is the issue with the EDT, what is the proper way to initiate a Thread with Swing and in what cases should it be used? P.S: Any sources in terms of good practises would be appreciated.

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  • android : widget long press & movement handling in user activity.

    - by Puneet kaur
    hi, please suggest me a way to handle widget long press event & its movement in user defined home screen .i.e i have activity whose background handles the long click and then we can choose the approprait widget from the list ,but the problem is that i am not able to implement the long click on widget and its movement in my activity. for code reference see the link below http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/Android+Market/thread?tid=25992cd433e6b826&hl=en thanks

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  • Accurate Sleep for Java on Windows

    - by HaBaLeS
    Does anyone know a Library which provides a Thread.sleep() for Java which has an error not higher than 1-2 Millisecond? I tried a mixture of Sleep, error measurement and BusyWait but I don't get this reliable on different windows machines. It can be a native implementation if the implementation is available for Linux and MacOS too. EDIT The link Nick provided ( http://blogs.sun.com/dholmes/entry/inside_the_hotspot_vm_clocks ) is a really good resource to understand the issues all kinds of timers/sleeps/clocks java has.

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  • STL container to pop() by priority?

    - by Pirate for Profit
    I'm writing a thread-pool for Qt as QRunnable doesn't handle event loops in new threads. Not too familiar with STL, what would be the best way to pop() something by priority? Priority should probably be a property of MyRunnable imo, but I can always give that info to an STL container when adding the runnable to the queue.

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  • Android - doInBackground() error in AsyncTask

    - by AimanB
    What my app here basically does is it captures a photo or import from gallery, and when the Upload button is pressed, the image will be uploaded to a localhost server. Before I implemented AsyncTask into the process, it doesn't have any problem uploading whatsoever. Now that I've put AsyncTask, everything went wrong. I don't know which part that I do wrong in this phase. This is what logcat shows when I try to upload an image file: 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): FATAL EXCEPTION: AsyncTask #5 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): java.lang.RuntimeException: An error occured while executing doInBackground() 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at android.os.AsyncTask$3.done(AsyncTask.java:299) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.finishCompletion(FutureTask.java:352) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.setException(FutureTask.java:219) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:239) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at android.os.AsyncTask$SerialExecutor$1.run(AsyncTask.java:230) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1080) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:573) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:856) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare() 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at android.os.Handler.<init>(Handler.java:197) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at android.os.Handler.<init>(Handler.java:111) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at android.widget.Toast$TN.<init>(Toast.java:324) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at android.widget.Toast.<init>(Toast.java:91) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:238) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at com.aiman.webshopper.UploadImageActivity$1execMultiPostAsync.doInBackground(UploadImageActivity.java:268) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at com.aiman.webshopper.UploadImageActivity$1execMultiPostAsync.doInBackground(UploadImageActivity.java:1) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at android.os.AsyncTask$2.call(AsyncTask.java:287) 10-28 17:23:25.989: E/AndroidRuntime(3356): at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:234) This is my code for the Upload activity: public class UploadImageActivity extends Activity implements OnItemSelectedListener { InputStream inputStream; private ImageView imageView; String the_string_response; private static final int SELECT_PICTURE = 0; private static final int CAMERA_REQUEST = 1888; private static final String SERVER_UPLOAD_URI = "...myserver.php"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_upload_image); imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imgUpload); } public void capturePhoto(View view) { Intent cameraIntent = new Intent( android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); File f = new File(android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "temp.jpg"); cameraIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(f)); startActivityForResult(cameraIntent, CAMERA_REQUEST); } public void pickPhoto(View view) { // TODO: launch the photo picker Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setType("image/*"); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Select Picture"), SELECT_PICTURE); } @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == CAMERA_REQUEST && resultCode == RESULT_OK) { File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() .toString()); for (File temp : f.listFiles()) { if (temp.getName().equals("temp.jpg")) { f = temp; break; } } try { BitmapFactory.Options bitmapOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options(); Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(f.getAbsolutePath(), bitmapOptions); imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); String path = android.os.Environment .getExternalStorageDirectory() + File.separator + "Phoenix" + File.separator + "default"; f.delete(); OutputStream outFile = null; File file = new File(path, String.valueOf(System .currentTimeMillis()) + ".jpg"); try { outFile = new FileOutputStream(file); bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 85, outFile); outFile.flush(); outFile.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (requestCode == SELECT_PICTURE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) { Bitmap bitmap = getPath(data.getData()); imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } } private Bitmap getPath(Uri uri) { String[] projection = { MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA }; Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null); int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(projection[0]); cursor.moveToFirst(); String filePath = cursor.getString(column_index); cursor.close(); // Convert file path into bitmap image using below line. Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath); return bitmap; } public void uploadPhoto(View view) { try { executeMultipartPost(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void executeMultipartPost() throws Exception { class execMultiPostAsync extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String>{ @Override protected String doInBackground(String... params){ // Choose image here BitmapDrawable drawable = (BitmapDrawable) imageView.getDrawable(); Bitmap bitmap = drawable.getBitmap(); ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 50, stream); // compress to // which // format // you want. byte[] byte_arr = stream.toByteArray(); String image_str = Base64.encodeBytes(byte_arr); ArrayList<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("image", image_str)); try { HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); /* * HttpPost(parameter): Server URI */ HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(SERVER_UPLOAD_URI); httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs)); HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); the_string_response = convertResponseToString(response); } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(UploadImageActivity.this, "ERROR " + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); System.out.println("Error in http connection " + e.toString()); } return the_string_response; } @Override protected void onPostExecute(String result) { super.onPostExecute(result); Toast.makeText(UploadImageActivity.this, "Response " + result, Toast.LENGTH_LONG) .show(); } public String convertResponseToString(HttpResponse response) throws IllegalStateException, IOException { String res = ""; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); inputStream = response.getEntity().getContent(); int contentLength = (int) response.getEntity().getContentLength(); // getting // content // lengt Toast.makeText(UploadImageActivity.this, "contentLength : " + contentLength, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); if (contentLength < 0) { } else { byte[] data = new byte[512]; int len = 0; try { while (-1 != (len = inputStream.read(data))) { buffer.append(new String(data, 0, len)); // converting to // string and // appending to // stringbuffer } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { inputStream.close(); // closing the stream } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } res = buffer.toString(); // converting stringbuffer to string Toast.makeText(UploadImageActivity.this, "Result : " + res, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); // System.out.println("Response => " + // EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity())); } return res; } } execMultiPostAsync exec = new execMultiPostAsync(); exec.execute(); } } Can someone please check if I put the AsyncTask task correctly in this activity? I think I've made a mistake somewhere.

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  • JSLint with Textmate

    - by mehdi
    I tried the instructions at this tutorial (http://www.phpied.com/jslint-on-mac-textmate/) to run jslint with textmate but getting stuck at step at the last step of "Step 1" Here is the error: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/mozilla/javascript/tools/shell/Main Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248) Thanks

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  • background worker in asp.net

    - by vbNewbie
    I migrate my winforms crawler app to a asp.net web app and would like to know how to implement the background worker thread that I use for very long searches? Another posting mentioned asynchronous pages but I am not sure if this would work or how to apply it. The search function that would run can sometimes run for a few days and I would like the user to have the option to perform other functions still. Can this happen?

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  • Slow running Ubuntu 10.10 laptop

    - by user5978
    Hello everyone. I have a slow computer. When I click on an icon say Firefox it can take 10 seconds to load. when I minimize and maximize windows you can see it happening. I get "ghost" screens where you see the window outline of the box but nothing in it or it may be white. The laptop is two years old and has these specs: Intel core two duo 2.8GHZ CPU 4GB RAM 500GB HDD 512MB Nvidia 8600GT video Realtek HD audio What is going on and where should I start looking for issues? Ubuntu 10.10 was upgraded from 10.04LTS following the instructions from the Ubuntu Wiki and it was done through the update manager GUI, not the CLI. Thanks for the help.

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  • From where can I get "Python Launcher" for Mac OS X Lion?

    - by Phil
    I use a macbook (air) with OS X Lion on it. I have Python 2.7 installed already but I can't seem to find a "Python Launcher.app" anywhere on the system. I tried installing with with pip but it couldn't find anything to fetch. I tried searching on Google to find a downloader but my search yielded no results (for downloading). Where can I get this app? I have a folder with 20+ subfolders of GUI examples which in turn contain anywhere from 3 to 5 subfolders. I don't want to go through each within the terminal, would much rather launch these .py scrips from the finder. Thank you for your help.

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  • How to invoke the getView method in the baseAdapter in Android from another WebService Bean?

    - by greysh
    The adapter in my code as follows, I extends the base adapter: @Override public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder vHolder; // if (convertView == null) { vHolder = new ViewHolder(); convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.home_item, null); vHolder.albumIcon = (ImageView) convertView .findViewById(R.id.albumIcon); try { Bitmap icon = aws.getAlbumImg(itemInfolist.get(position) .getAlbumInfoCol().get(0).getAlbumID(), 0); if (icon != null) { vHolder.albumIcon.setImageBitmap(icon); } else { vHolder.albumIcon.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeResource( context.getResources(), R.drawable.album)); } } catch (Exception e) { vHolder.albumIcon.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeResource( context.getResources(), R.drawable.album)); } convertView.setTag(vHolder); return convertView; } However, I download the imagine asynchronously, When invoke Bitmap icon = aws.getAlbumImg(itemInfolist.get(position).getAlbumInfoCol().get(0).getAlbumID(), 0); Some pictures which haven't downloaded will use the default image, after these picutures have downloaded in another Web Service Bean, I want the Web Service bean sends a message to invoke the getView method in this adapter in order to implement the auto refresh function. But if I change the Web Service Download Bean as follows,it will cause the exception 03-19 07:46:33.241: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(716): android.view.ViewRoot$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views. HomeAdapter mHomeAdapter; public AlbumWS(HomeAdapter homeAdapter) { mHomeAdapter = homeAdapter; } And after download, public boolean getAlbumImgWS(final ArrayList albumIDs) { new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub AlbumInfoWS aiws = new AlbumInfoWS(); for (int i = 0; i < albumIDs.size(); ++i) { if (ABSCENTALBUMIMGS.contains(albumIDs.get(i))) { continue; } if (FunctionUtil.isExist(albumIDs.get(i))) { continue; } String urlPath = aiws.getAlbumImage("en_US", Config.IMG_ATTIBUTETYPE, albumIDs.get(i)); boolean ret = FunctionUtil.simpleDownload(Config.HOST + urlPath, "/data/data/com.greysh.amped/img/" + albumIDs.get(i) + ".jpg"); if (!ret) { if (!ABSCENTALBUMIMGS.contains(albumIDs.get(i))) { ABSCENTALBUMIMGS.add(albumIDs.get(i)); } } mHomeAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } } }).start(); return true; }

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  • Finding all CLASSPATH resources matching a pattern

    - by binil
    I want to read a bunch of text files, by loading them as resources using the context classloader. URL url = Thread.currentThread() .getContextClassloader() .getResource("folder/foo.txt"); Is there some way to get a list of resources whose names match a given pattern? For eg: URL[] matchingUrls = someLibrary.getMatchingResources("folder/*.txt"); Libraries like Spring can scan the classpath to find classes with a given annotation, so I am wondering if there something similar to load a bunch of resources.

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  • How to get a stable, snappy UI using threads?

    - by Thomas Ahle
    I recently watching this video on Google Chrome with great interest. It explains that Google Chrome uses one thread for IO, one for opening files and one for intermodule communication. I think I may be able to use something similar for my own - currently quite messy - application. I wondered if there were any good articles on best-practices or patterns for such threaded divisions of tasks?

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  • C# BackgroundWorker RunWorkerCompleted Event

    - by Jim Fell
    My C# application has several background workers. Sometimes one background worker will fire off another. When the first background worker completes and the RunWorkerCompleted event is fired, on which thread will that event fire, the UI or the first background worker from which RunWorkerAsync was called? I am using Microsoft Visual C# 2008 Express Edition. Any thoughts or suggestions you may have would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Can a mapped network drive be reconnected from the command line?

    - by Stephen Jennings
    On a daily basis I find myself in the Windows command prompt needing to access a network drive that is mapped but disconnected. I have yet to find a command that will reconnect this drive without unmapping and remapping (which leads to a password guessing game, since I don't own these computers). I would also like to be able to script this so every night the drive is reconnected if it has become disconnected somehow. The fastest solution I currently have is to: Type "start." to open explorer, Alt-D to focus the address bar, type the drive letter I want and press enter, and wait for it to display the drive contents, then finally, close explorer and go back to the command prompt. I know it's a minor inconvenience, but I'm often doing this through a slow VNC or PCAnywhere connection where doing anything through GUI is awful, so I'm just wondering if there's a better solution.

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  • Passing windows credentials through web application, to WCF

    - by IP
    I've checked other questions, but I can't find a working answer I have a .Net web application which successfully takes on the callers windows credentials (Thread.CurrentPrincipal is my windows user). Within that app, I call to a WCF service, but my windows identity isn't passed up. Regardless of what I put in the binding: NetTcpBinding binding = new NetTcpBinding(); binding.Security.Mode = SecurityMode.Transport; binding.Security.Transport.ClientCredentialType = TcpClientCredentialType.Windows;

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  • Delphi - Is there any equivalent to C# lock?

    - by CaldonCZE
    I'm writing a multi-threaded application in Delphi and need to use something to protect shared resources. In C# I'd use the "lock" keyword: private someMethod() { lock(mySharedObj) { //...do something with mySharedObj } } In Delphi I couldn't find anything similar, I found just TThread.Synchronize(someMethod) method, which prevents potential conflicts by calling someMethod in main VCL thread, but it isn't exactly what I want to do.... Edit: I'm using Delphi 6

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  • Syncing 1TB+ to a iSCSI device, software needed

    - by mojah
    Hi, I need to sync a local disk to a iSCSI mount on Windows (server 2003), and I'm struggling to find software that's capable of doing so in a reasonable timeframe. Notes on the current 1TB disk: - 800GB currently in use - Contains a folder with several hundred thousand subfolders, which in turn have several thousand files, ... So I'm trying to find a piece of software that can handle such large filelists, and give me a good timeframe on when this will be copied. I've tried DeltaCopy (the rSync GUI client for Windows), but it's intolerably slow and doesn't provide me with a good estimate time remaining. DeltaCopy: http://www.aboutmyip.com/AboutMyXApp/DeltaCopy.jsp Does anyone know alternative software for Windows, that would do this well?

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  • I never really understood: what is Application Binary Interface (ABI)?

    - by claws
    I never clearly understood what is an ABI. I'm sorry for such a lengthy question. I just want to clearly understand things. Please don't point me to wiki article, If could understand it, I wouldn't be here posting such a lengthy post. This is my mindset about different interfaces: TV remote is an interface between user and TV. It is an existing entity but useless (doesn't provide any functionality) by itself. All the functionality for each of those buttons on the remote is implemented in the Television set. Interface: It is a "existing entity" layer between the functionality and consumer of that functionality. An, interface by itself is doesn't do anything. It just invokes the functionality lying behind. Now depending on who the user is there are different type of interfaces. Command Line Interface(CLI) commands are the existing entities, consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: commands consumer: user Graphical User Interface(GUI) window,buttons etc.. are the existing entities, again consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: window,buttons etc.. consumer: user Application Programming Interface(API) functions or to be more correct, interfaces (in interfaced based programming) are the existing entities, consumer here is another program not a user. and again functionality lies behind this layer. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: functions, Interfaces(array of functions). consumer: another program/application. Application Binary Interface (ABI) Here is my problem starts. functionality: ??? existing entities: ??? consumer: ??? I've wrote few softwares in different languages and provided different kind of interfaces (CLI, GUI, API) but I'm not sure, if I ever, provided any ABI. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface says: ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; Other ABIs standardize details such as the C++ name mangling,[2] . exception propagation,[3] and calling convention between compilers on the same platform, but do not require cross-platform compatibility. Who needs these details? Please don't say, OS. I know assembly programming. I know how linking & loading works. I know what exactly happens inside. Where did C++ name mangling come in between? I thought we are talking at the binary level. Where did languages come in between? anyway, I've downloaded the [PDF] System V Application Binary Interface Edition 4.1 (1997-03-18) to see what exactly it contains. Well, most of it didn't make any sense. Why does it contain 2 chapters (4th & 5th) which describe the ELF file format.Infact, these are the only 2 significant chapters that specification. Rest of all the chapters "Processor Specific". Anyway, I thought that it is completely different topic. Please don't say that ELF file format specs are the ABI. It doesn't qualify to be Interface according to the definition. I know, since we are talking at such low level it must be very specific. But I'm not sure how is it "Instruction Set Architecture(ISA)" specific? Where can I find MS Window's ABI? So, these are the major queries that are bugging me.

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