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  • What are the pros and cons of using manual list iteration vs recursion through fail

    - by magus
    I come up against this all the time, and I'm never sure which way to attack it. Below are two methods for processing some season facts. What I'm trying to work out is whether to use method 1 or 2, and what are the pros and cons of each, especially large amounts of facts. methodone seems wasteful since the facts are available, why bother building a list of them (especially a large list). This must have memory implications too if the list is large enough ? And it doesn't take advantage of Prolog's natural backtracking feature. methodtwo takes advantage of backtracking to do the recursion for me, and I would guess would be much more memory efficient, but is it good programming practice generally to do this? It's arguably uglier to follow, and might there be any other side effects? One problem I can see is that each time fail is called, we lose the ability to pass anything back to the calling predicate, eg. if it was methodtwo(SeasonResults), since we continually fail the predicate on purpose. So methodtwo would need to assert facts to store state. Presumably(?) method 2 would be faster as it has no (large) list processing to do? I could imagine that if I had a list, then methodone would be the way to go.. or is that always true? Might it make sense in any conditions to assert the list to facts using methodone then process them using method two? Complete madness? But then again, I read that asserting facts is a very 'expensive' business, so list handling might be the way to go, even for large lists? Any thoughts? Or is it sometimes better to use one and not the other, depending on (what) situation? eg. for memory optimisation, use method 2, including asserting facts and, for speed use method 1? season(spring). season(summer). season(autumn). season(winter). % Season handling showseason(Season) :- atom_length(Season, LenSeason), write('Season Length is '), write(LenSeason), nl. % ------------------------------------------------------------- % Method 1 - Findall facts/iterate through the list and process each %-------------------------------------------------------------- % Iterate manually through a season list lenseason([]). lenseason([Season|MoreSeasons]) :- showseason(Season), lenseason(MoreSeasons). % Findall to build a list then iterate until all done methodone :- findall(Season, season(Season), AllSeasons), lenseason(AllSeasons), write('Done'). % ------------------------------------------------------------- % Method 2 - Use fail to force recursion %-------------------------------------------------------------- methodtwo :- % Get one season and show it season(Season), showseason(Season), % Force prolog to backtrack to find another season fail. % No more seasons, we have finished methodtwo :- write('Done').

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  • iphone float vs integer rounding?

    - by Rob
    Okay, from what I understand, an integer that is a fraction will be rounded one way or the other so that if a formula comes up with say 5/6 - it will automatically round it to 1. I have a calculation: xyz = ((1300 - [abc intValue])/6) + 100; xyz is defined as an NSInteger, abc is an NSString that is chosen via a UIPicker. I want the calculation (1300 - [abc intValue]) to add 1 to 100 for each 6 units below 1300. For example, 1255 should result in xyz having a value of 100 and 1254 should result in a value of 101. Now, I understand that my formula above is wrong because of the rounding principles, but I am getting some CRAZY results from the program itself. When I punched in 1259 - I got 106. When I punched in 1255 - I got 107. Why would it behave that way?

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  • Trial vs free with limited functionality

    - by Morten K
    Hi everyone, Not a programming question as such, but a bit more business oriented question about software product development. We have just released a small app, and is offering a free, fully functional trial which lasts for 15 days. I have the gut feeling however, that to reach any kind of penetration on the web, we'd need to offer a version which is free forever, but then has a few limitations in terms of functionality (still quite usable, but not full-throttle). For example, the Roboform browser plugin is somewhat similar in purpose to ours. Not functionality wise, but it's basically a little util that saves time and removes some repetitive-action pain. They offer a free version with limitations and then a pro version for around 30 USD. Roboform has gotten very much attention over the years, and I can't help to think that this is because they have a product which is obviously good, but also free, thus adoption becomes much higher than if they had only offered a 15 day trial. I am wondering if any of you have experience in a similar scenario? Or any thoughts on the two models? Again, I know it's not directly programming related, but it's still a question I feel best answered by a community of developers.

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  • #include - brackets vs quotes in XCode?

    - by Chris Becke
    In MSVC++ #include files are searched for differently depending on whether the file is enclosed in "" or <. The quoted form searches first in the local folder, then in /I specified locations, The angle bracket form avoids the local folder. This means, in MSVC++, its possible to have header files with the same name as runtime and SDK headers. So, for example, I need to wrap up the windows sdk windows.h file to undefine some macro's that cause trouble. With MSVS I can just add a (optional) windows.h file to my project as long as I include it using the quoted form :- // some .cpp file #include "windows.h" // will include my local windows.h file And in my windows.h, I can pull in the real one using the angle bracket form: // my windows.h #include <windows.h> // will load the real one #undef ConflictingSymbol Trying this trick with GCC in XCode didn't work. angle bracket #includes in system header files in fact are finding my header files with similar names in my local folder structure. The MSVC system means its quite safe to have a "String.h" header file in my own folder structre. On XCode this seems to be a major no no. Is there some way to control this search path behaviour in XCode to be more like MSVC's? Or do I just have to avoid naming any of my headers anything that might possibly conflict with a system header. Writing cross platform code and using lots of frameworks means the possibility of incidental conflicts seems large.

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  • MySQL Prepared Statements vs Stored Procedures Performance

    - by amardilo
    Hi there, I have an old MySQL 4.1 database with a table that has a few millions rows and an old Java application that connects to this database and returns several thousand rows from this this table on a frequent basis via a simple SQL query (i.e. SELECT * FROM people WHERE first_name = 'Bob'. I think the Java application uses client side prepared statements but was looking at switching this to the server, and in the example mentioned the value for first_name will vary depending on what the user enters). I would like to speed up performance on the select query and was wondering if I should switch to Prepared Statements or Stored Procedures. Is there a general rule of thumb of what is quicker/less resource intensive (or if a combination of both is better)

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  • help with installing clamav for remote apache server vs WAMP localserver

    - by Scarface
    Hey guys, I have never installed an extension before so I am not really sure where to start. I want to do 2 things: install clamav virus scanner http://sourceforge.net/projects/php-clamav/ on my remote server which is a linux apache setup using cpanel as a gui. install clamav on my localserver on my home computer which operates on windows and has WAMP server installed for server-side activity What is the difference between the two installation methods? What is required for each installation? If anyone can point me in the right direction in any way, I would really appreciate it. Even if it is just an article or tutorial on how to get started.

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  • LINQ extention SelectMany in 3.5 vs 4.0?

    - by Moberg
    Hi When I saw Darins suggestion here .. IEnumerable<Process> processes = new[] { "process1", "process2" } .SelectMany(Process.GetProcessesByName); ( http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3059667/process-getprocessesbyname/3059733#3059733 ) .. I was a bit intrigued and I tried it in VS2008 with .NET 3.5 - and it did not compiling unless I changed it to .. IEnumerable<Process> res = new string[] { "notepad", "firefox", "outlook" } .SelectMany(s => Process.GetProcessesByName(s)); Having read some Darins answers before I suspected that it was me that were the problem, and when I later got my hands on a VS2010 with.NET 4.0 - as expected - the original suggestion worked beautifully. My question is : What have happend from 3.5 to 4.0 that makes this (new syntax) possible? Is it the extentionmethods that have been extended(hmm) or new rules for lambda syntax or? I've tried to search but my google-fu was not strong enough. Please forgive if the question is a bit naive and note that I've taged it as beginner :)

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  • Use of properties vs backing-field inside owner class

    - by whatispunk
    I love auto-implemented properties in C# but lately there's been this elephant standing in my cubicle and I don't know what to do with him. If I use auto-implemented properties (hereafter "aip") then I no longer have a private backing field to use internally. This is fine because the aip has no side-effects. But what if later on I need to add some extra processing in the get or set? Now I need to create a backing-field so I can expand my getters and setters. This is fine for external code using the class, because they won't notice the difference. But now all of the internal references to the aip are going to invoke these side-effects when they access the property. Now all internal access to the once aip must be refactored to use the backing-field. So my question is, what do most of you do? Do you use auto-implemented properties or do you prefer to always use a backing-field? What do you think about properties with side-effects?

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  • NSNotifications vs delegate for multiple instances of same protocol

    - by Brent Traut
    I could use some architectural advice. I've run into the following problem a few times now and I've never found a truly elegant way to solve it. The issue, described at the highest level possible:I have a parent class that would like to act as the delegate for multiple children (all using the same protocol), but when the children call methods on the parent, the parent no longer knows which child is making the call. I would like to use loose coupling (delegates/protocols or notifications) rather than direct calls. I don't need multiple handlers, so notifications seem like they might be overkill. To illustrate the problem, let me try a super-simplified example: I start with a parent view controller (and corresponding view). I create three child views and insert each of them into the parent view. I would like the parent view controller to be notified whenever the user touches one of the children. There are a few options to notify the parent: Define a protocol. The parent implements the protocol and sets itself as the delegate to each of the children. When the user touches a child view, its view controller calls its delegate (the parent). In this case, the parent is notified that a view is touched, but it doesn't know which one. Not good enough. Same as #1, but define the methods in the protocol to also pass some sort of identifier. When the child tells its delegate that it was touched, it also passes a pointer to itself. This way, the parent know exactly which view was touched. It just seems really strange for an object to pass a reference to itself. Use NSNotifications. The parent defines a separate method for each of the three children and then subscribes to the "viewWasTouched" notification for each of the three children as the notification sender. The children don't need to attach themselves to the user dictionary, but they do need to send the notification with a pointer to themselves as the scope. Same as #4, but rather than using separate methods, the parent could just use one with a switch case or other branching along with the notification's sender to determine which path to take. Create multiple man-in-the-middle classes that act as the delegates to the child views and then call methods on the parent either with a pointer to the child or with some other differentiating factor. This approach doesn't seem scalable. Are any of these approaches considered best practice? I can't say for sure, but it feels like I'm missing something more obvious/elegant.

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  • casting vs using the 'as' keyword in the CLR

    - by Frank V
    I'm learning about design patterns and because of that I've ended using a lot of interfaces. One of my "goals" is to program to an interface, not an implementation. What I've found is that I'm doing a lot of casting or object type conversion. What I'd like to know is if there is a difference between these two methods of conversion: public interface IMyInterface { void AMethod(); } public class MyClass : IMyInterface { public void AMethod() { //Do work } // other helper methods.... } public class Implementation { IMyInterface _MyObj; MyClass _myCls1; MyClass _myCls2; public Implementation() { _MyObj = new MyClass(); // What is the difference here: _myCls1 = (MyClass)_MyObj; _myCls2 = (_MyObj as MyClass); } } If there is a difference, is there a cost difference or how does this affect my program? Hopefully this makes sense. Sorry for the bad example; it is all I could think of... Update: What is "in general" the preferred method? (I had a question similar to this posted in the 'answers'. I moved it up here at the suggestion of Michael Haren. Also, I want to thank everyone who's provided insight and perspective on my question.

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  • Real pagination vs Next and Previous buttons

    - by Pablo
    By real pagination i mean something like this when in page 3: <<Previous 1 | 2 | {3} | 4 | 5 |...| 15 | Next>> By Next and Previous buttons i mean something like this when in page 3: <<previous Next>> Performance wise im sure the Previous and Next Buttons are better since unlike the real pagination it doesn't require over-querying the database. By over-querying the database i mean getting more information from the database than what you will need to display on the page. My theory is that the Previous and Next Buttons can drastically increase a site performance as it only requires the exact information you will need to display on a page, please correct me if im wrong on this. so, do users really have preference when it comes to this two options? is it just a Developer preference and its convenience? Which one do you prefer? why? *Note: Previous and Next Buttons are usually labeled Newer and older.

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  • Confused about "override" vs. "new" in C#

    - by iTayb
    I'm having the following classes: class Base { public virtual void Print() { Console.WriteLine("Base"); } } class Der1 : Base { public new virtual void Print() { Console.WriteLine("Der1"); } } class Der2 : Der1 { public override void Print() { Console.WriteLine("Der2"); } } This is my main method: Base b = new Der2(); Der1 d1 = new Der2(); Der2 d2 = new Der2(); b.Print(); d1.Print(); d2.Print(); The output is Base, Der2, Der2. As far as I know, Override won't let previous method to run, even if the pointer is pointing to them. So the first line should output Der2 as well. However Base came out. How is it possible? How the override didn't work there?

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  • gnuplot - multiple lines with different x ranges

    - by Aly
    Hi, I am using gnuplot to try and plot several lines but each have different x ranges. I am running the following script: # gnuplot script for 'omarConf2EvONLY-vs-everyone-gta-lag-lpas-omarConf1-random-tag-tpas.dat' plot "omarConf2EvONLY-vs-everyone-gta-lag-lpas-omarConf1-random-tag-tpas.dat" using 1:2 with lines title '1' replot "omarConf2EvONLY-vs-everyone-gta-lag-lpas-omarConf1-random-tag-tpas.dat" using 1:3 with lines title '2' replot "omarConf2EvONLY-vs-everyone-gta-lag-lpas-omarConf1-random-tag-tpas.dat" using 1:4 with lines title '3' replot "omarConf2EvONLY-vs-everyone-gta-lag-lpas-omarConf1-random-tag-tpas.dat" using 1:5 with lines title '4' replot "omarConf2EvONLY-vs-everyone-gta-lag-lpas-omarConf1-random-tag-tpas.dat" using 1:6 with lines title '5' replot "omarConf2EvONLY-vs-everyone-gta-lag-lpas-omarConf1-random-tag-tpas.dat" using 1:7 with lines title '6' replot "omarConf2EvONLY-vs-everyone-gta-lag-lpas-omarConf1-random-tag-tpas.dat" using 1:8 with lines title '7' set terminal png size 800,600 set output "omar_vs_everyone-EVONLY.png" replot and the .dat file is just a file with columns such as: 1 0.5 0.5 0.1 2 0.6 1.3 0.8 3 0.7 0.32 4 0.7 0.35 5 1.3 4.32 6 1.67 notice that the columns have different lengths as each line has different x ranges. The problem I have is that it plots funny as shown below:

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  • Android vs iPhone

    - by Moshe
    I know iPhone development fairly well. From personal experience, how hard would it be for me to get into Android. I am concerned less about code than I am about distribution of my software, given the fragmentation of the Android OS on compatible devices.

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  • typeof === "undefined" vs. != null

    - by Thor Thurn
    I often see JavaScript code which checks for undefined parameters etc. this way: if (typeof input !== "undefined") { // do stuff } This seems kind of wasteful, since it involves both a type lookup and a string comparison, not to mention its verbosity. It's needed because 'undefined' could be renamed, though. My question is: How is that code any better than this approach: if (input != null) { // do stuff } As far as I know, you can't redefine null, so it's not going to break unexpectedly. And, because of the type-coercion of the != operator, this checks for both undefined and null... which is often exactly what you want (e.g. for optional function parameters). Yet this form does not seem widespread, and it even causes JSLint to yell at you for using the evil != operator. Why is this considered bad style?

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  • Autorelease vs. Release

    - by Sheehan Alam
    Given the two scenarios, which code is best practice and why? Autorelease loginButton = [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Login" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(loginButtonClicked:)] autorelease]; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = loginButton; or Release loginButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"Login" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(loginButtonClicked:)]; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = loginButton; [loginButton release];

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  • Debug vs Trace in C#

    - by koumides
    All, As I understand statements like Debug.WriteLine() will not stay in the code in the Release build. On the other hand Trace.WriteLine() will stay in the code in the Release build. What is controling this behaviour? Does the C# compiler ignores everything from the System.Diagnostics.Debug class when the DEBUG is defined? I am just trying to understand the internals of C# and just curious. Thanks, MK

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