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• SQL SERVER – PAGEIOLATCH_DT, PAGEIOLATCH_EX, PAGEIOLATCH_KP, PAGEIOLATCH_SH, PAGEIOLATCH_UP – Wait Type – Day 9 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  It is very easy to say that you replace your hardware as that is not up to the mark. In reality, it is very difficult to implement. It is really hard to convince an infrastructure team to change any hardware because they are not performing at their best. I had a nightmare related to this issue in a deal with an infrastructure team as I suggested that they replace their faulty hardware. This is because they were initially not accepting the fact that it is the fault of their hardware. But it is really easy to say “Trust me, I am correct”, while it is equally important that you put some logical reasoning along with this statement. PAGEIOLATCH_XX is such a kind of those wait stats that we would directly like to blame on the underlying subsystem. Of course, most of the time, it is correct – the underlying subsystem is usually the problem. From Book On-Line: PAGEIOLATCH_DT Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Destroy mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_EX Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Exclusive mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_KP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Keep mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_SH Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Shared mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_UP Occurs when a task is waiting on a latch for a buffer that is in an I/O request. The latch request is in Update mode. Long waits may indicate problems with the disk subsystem. PAGEIOLATCH_XX Explanation: Simply put, this particular wait type occurs when any of the tasks is waiting for data from the disk to move to the buffer cache. ReducingPAGEIOLATCH_XX wait: Just like any other wait type, this is again a very challenging and interesting subject to resolve. Here are a few things you can experiment on: Improve your IO subsystem speed (read the first paragraph of this article, if you have not read it, I repeat that it is easy to say a step like this than to actually implement or do it). This type of wait stats can also happen due to memory pressure or any other memory issues. Putting aside the issue of a faulty IO subsystem, this wait type warrants proper analysis of the memory counters. If due to any reasons, the memory is not optimal and unable to receive the IO data. This situation can create this kind of wait type. Proper placing of files is very important. We should check file system for the proper placement of files – LDF and MDF on separate drive, TempDB on separate drive, hot spot tables on separate filegroup (and on separate disk), etc. Check the File Statistics and see if there is higher IO Read and IO Write Stall SQL SERVER – Get File Statistics Using fn_virtualfilestats. It is very possible that there are no proper indexes on the system and there are lots of table scans and heap scans. Creating proper index can reduce the IO bandwidth considerably. If SQL Server can use appropriate cover index instead of clustered index, it can significantly reduce lots of CPU, Memory and IO (considering cover index has much lesser columns than cluster table and all other it depends conditions). You can refer to the two articles’ links below previously written by me that talk about how to optimize indexes. Create Missing Indexes Drop Unused Indexes Updating statistics can help the Query Optimizer to render optimal plan, which can only be either directly or indirectly. I have seen that updating statistics with full scan (again, if your database is huge and you cannot do this – never mind!) can provide optimal information to SQL Server optimizer leading to efficient plan. Checking Memory Related Perfmon Counters SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Pending (Consistent higher value than 0-2) SQLServer: Memory Manager\Memory Grants Outstanding (Consistent higher value, Benchmark) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Buffer Hit Cache Ratio (Higher is better, greater than 90% for usually smooth running system) SQLServer: Buffer Manager\Page Life Expectancy (Consistent lower value than 300 seconds) Memory: Available Mbytes (Information only) Memory: Page Faults/sec (Benchmark only) Memory: Pages/sec (Benchmark only) Checking Disk Related Perfmon Counters Average Disk sec/Read (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk sec/Write (Consistent higher value than 4-8 millisecond is not good) Average Disk Read/Write Queue Length (Consistent higher value than benchmark is not good) Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All of the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog is generic and varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• Fed Authentication Methods in OIF / IdP

  - by Damien Carru

  This article is a continuation of my previous entry where I explained how OIF/IdP leverages OAM to authenticate users at runtime: OIF/IdP internally forwards the user to OAM and indicates which Authentication Scheme should be used to challenge the user if needed OAM determine if the user should be challenged (user already authenticated, session timed out or not, session authentication level equal or higher than the level of the authentication scheme specified by OIF/IdP…) After identifying the user, OAM internally forwards the user back to OIF/IdP OIF/IdP can resume its operation In this article, I will discuss how OIF/IdP can be configured to map Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes: When processing an Authn Request, where the SP requests a specific Federation Authentication Method with which the user should be challenged When sending an Assertion, where OIF/IdP sets the Federation Authentication Method in the Assertion Enjoy the reading! Overview The various Federation protocols support mechanisms allowing the partners to exchange information on: How the user should be challenged, when the SP/RP makes a request How the user was challenged, when the IdP/OP issues an SSO response When a remote SP partner redirects the user to OIF/IdP for Federation SSO, the message might contain data requesting how the user should be challenged by the IdP: this is treated as the Requested Federation Authentication Method. OIF/IdP will need to map that Requested Federation Authentication Method to a local Authentication Scheme, and then invoke OAM for user authentication/challenge with the mapped Authentication Scheme. OAM would authenticate the user if necessary with the scheme specified by OIF/IdP. Similarly, when an IdP issues an SSO response, most of the time it will need to include an identifier representing how the user was challenged: this is treated as the Federation Authentication Method. When OIF/IdP issues an Assertion, it will evaluate the Authentication Scheme with which OAM identified the user: If the Authentication Scheme can be mapped to a Federation Authentication Method, then OIF/IdP will use the result of that mapping in the outgoing SSO response: AuthenticationStatement in the SAML Assertion OpenID Response, if PAPE is enabled If the Authentication Scheme cannot be mapped, then OIF/IdP will set the Federation Authentication Method as the Authentication Scheme name in the outgoing SSO response: AuthenticationStatement in the SAML Assertion OpenID Response, if PAPE is enabled Mappings In OIF/IdP, the mapping between Federation Authentication Methods and Authentication Schemes has the following rules: One Federation Authentication Method can be mapped to several Authentication Schemes In a Federation Authentication Method <-> Authentication Schemes mapping, a single Authentication Scheme is marked as the default scheme that will be used to authenticate a user, if the SP/RP partner requests the user to be authenticated via a specific Federation Authentication Method An Authentication Scheme can be mapped to a single Federation Authentication Method Let’s examine the following example and the various use cases, based on the SAML 2.0 protocol: Mappings defined as: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport mapped to LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication BasicScheme urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 mapped to X509Scheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication Use cases: SP sends an AuthnRequest specifying urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 as the RequestedAuthnContext: OIF/IdP will authenticate the use with X509Scheme since it is the default scheme mapped for that method. SP sends an AuthnRequest specifying urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the RequestedAuthnContext: OIF/IdP will authenticate the use with LDAPScheme since it is the default scheme mapped for that method, not the BasicScheme SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with BasisScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the FederationAuthenticationMethod SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with LDAPScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport as the FederationAuthenticationMethod SP did not request any specific methods, and user was authenticated with BasisSessionlessScheme: OIF/IdP will issue an Assertion with BasisSessionlessScheme as the FederationAuthenticationMethod, since that scheme could not be mapped to any Federation Authentication Method (in this case, the administrator would need to correct that and create a mapping) Configuration Mapping Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes is protocol dependent, since the methods are defined in the various protocols (SAML 2.0, SAML 1.1, OpenID 2.0). As such, the WLST commands to set those mappings will involve: Either the SP Partner Profile and affect all Partners referencing that profile, which do not override the Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings Or the SP Partner entry, which will only affect the SP Partner It is important to note that if an SP Partner is configured to define one or more Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings, then all the mappings defined in the SP Partner Profile will be ignored. Authentication Schemes As discussed in the previous article, during Federation SSO, OIF/IdP will internally forward the user to OAM for authentication/verification and specify which Authentication Scheme to use. OAM will determine if a user needs to be challenged: If the user is not authenticated yet If the user is authenticated but the session timed out If the user is authenticated, but the authentication scheme level of the original authentication is lower than the level of the authentication scheme requested by OIF/IdP So even though an SP requests a specific Federation Authentication Method to be used to challenge the user, if that method is mapped to an Authentication Scheme and that at runtime OAM deems that the user does not need to be challenged with that scheme (because the user is already authenticated, session did not time out, and the session authn level is equal or higher than the one for the specified Authentication Scheme), the flow won’t result in a challenge operation. Protocols SAML 2.0 The SAML 2.0 specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for SAML 2.0 flows: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:unspecified urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:InternetProtocol urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Telephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileOneFactorUnregistered urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PersonalTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PreviousSession urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileOneFactorContract urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Smartcard urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:InternetProtocolPassword urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:TLSClient urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PGP urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SPKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:XMLDSig urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SoftwarePKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Kerberos urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SecureRemotePassword urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:NomadTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:AuthenticatedTelephony urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileTwoFactorUnregistered urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:MobileTwoFactorContract urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:SmartcardPKI urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:TimeSyncToken Out of the box, OIF/IdP has the following mappings for the SAML 2.0 protocol: Only urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport is defined This Federation Authentication Method is mapped to: LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication FAAuthScheme BasicScheme BasicFAScheme This mapping is defined in the saml20-sp-partner-profile SP Partner Profile which is the default OOTB SP Partner Profile for SAML 2.0 An example of an AuthnRequest message sent by an SP to an IdP with the SP requesting a specific Federation Authentication Method to be used to challenge the user would be: <samlp:AuthnRequest xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol" Destination="https://idp.com/oamfed/idp/samlv20" ID="id-8bWn-A9o4aoMl3Nhx1DuPOOjawc-" IssueInstant="2014-03-21T20:51:11Z" Version="2.0">  <saml:Issuer ...>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Issuer>  <samlp:NameIDPolicy AllowCreate="false" Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:unspecified"/>  <samlp:RequestedAuthnContext Comparison="minimum">    <saml:AuthnContextClassRef xmlns:saml="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">      urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>  </samlp:RequestedAuthnContext></samlp:AuthnRequest> An example of an Assertion issued by an IdP would be: <samlp:Response ...>    <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion ...>        <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>        <saml:Subject>            <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>            <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">                <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../>            </saml:SubjectConfirmation>        </saml:Subject>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z">            <saml:AuthnContext>                <saml:AuthnContextClassRef>                    urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport                </saml:AuthnContextClassRef>            </saml:AuthnContext>        </saml:AuthnStatement>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> An administrator would be able to specify a mapping between a SAML 2.0 Federation Authentication Method and one or more OAM Authentication Schemes SAML 1.1 The SAML 1.1 specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for SAML 1.1 flows: urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:unspecified urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:HardwareToken urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:X509-PKI urn:ietf:rfc:2246 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:PGP urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:SPKI urn:ietf:rfc:3075 urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:XKMS urn:ietf:rfc:1510 urn:ietf:rfc:2945 Out of the box, OIF/IdP has the following mappings for the SAML 1.1 protocol: Only urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password is defined This Federation Authentication Method is mapped to: LDAPScheme, marked as the default scheme used for authentication FAAuthScheme BasicScheme BasicFAScheme This mapping is defined in the saml11-sp-partner-profile SP Partner Profile which is the default OOTB SP Partner Profile for SAML 1.1 An example of an Assertion issued by an IdP would be: <samlp:Response ...>    <samlp:Status>        <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/>    </samlp:Status>    <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...>        <saml:Conditions ...>            <saml:AudienceRestriction>                <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience>            </saml:AudienceRestriction>        </saml:Conditions>        <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password">            <saml:Subject>                <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID>                <saml:SubjectConfirmation>                   <saml:ConfirmationMethod>                       urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer                   </saml:ConfirmationMethod>                </saml:SubjectConfirmation>            </saml:Subject>        </saml:AuthnStatement>        <dsig:Signature>            ...        </dsig:Signature>    </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Note: SAML 1.1 does not define an AuthnRequest message. An administrator would be able to specify a mapping between a SAML 1.1 Federation Authentication Method and one or more OAM Authentication Schemes OpenID 2.0 The OpenID 2.0 PAPE specifications define the following Federation Authentication Methods for OpenID 2.0 flows: http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor-physical Out of the box, OIF/IdP does not define any mappings for the OpenID 2.0 Federation Authentication Methods. For OpenID 2.0, the configuration will involve mapping a list of OpenID 2.0 policies to a list of Authentication Schemes. An example of an OpenID 2.0 Request message sent by an SP/RP to an IdP/OP would be: https://idp.com/openid?openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.claimed_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.identity=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0%2Fidentifier_select&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.realm=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_request&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.if_available=attr0&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.max_auth_age=0 An example of an Open ID 2.0 SSO Response issued by an IdP/OP would be: https://acme.com/openid?refid=id-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=id_res&openid.op_endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid&openid.claimed_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.identity=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.response_nonce=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A06Zid-YPa2kTNNFftZkgBb460jxJGblk2g--iNwPpDI7M1&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_response&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fcount&openid.ax.value.attr0=1&openid.ax.type.attr1=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fschema%2FnamePerson%2Ffriendly&openid.ax.value.attr1=My+name+is+Bobby+Smith&openid.ax.type.attr2=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fax%2Fapi%2Fuser_id&openid.ax.value.attr2=bob&openid.ax.type.attr3=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.value.attr3=bob%40oracle.com&openid.ax.type.attr4=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fipaddress&openid.ax.value.attr4=10.145.120.253&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.auth_time=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A05Z&openid.pape.auth_policies=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fpape%2Fpolicies%2F2007%2F06%2Fphishing-resistant&openid.signed=op_endpoint%2Cclaimed_id%2Cidentity%2Creturn_to%2Cresponse_nonce%2Cassoc_handle%2Cns.ax%2Cax.mode%2Cax.type.attr0%2Cax.value.attr0%2Cax.type.attr1%2Cax.value.attr1%2Cax.type.attr2%2Cax.value.attr2%2Cax.type.attr3%2Cax.value.attr3%2Cax.type.attr4%2Cax.value.attr4%2Cns.pape%2Cpape.auth_time%2Cpape.auth_policies&openid.sig=mYMgbGYSs22l8e%2FDom9NRPw15u8%3D In the next article, I will provide examples on how to configure OIF/IdP for the various protocols, to map OAM Authentication Schemes to Federation Authentication Methods.Cheers,Damien Carru

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• Best Practices - Dynamic Reconfiguration

  - by jsavit

  This post is one of a series of "best practices" notes for Oracle VM Server for SPARC (formerly named Logical Domains) Overview of dynamic Reconfiguration Oracle VM Server for SPARC supports Dynamic Reconfiguration (DR), making it possible to add or remove resources to or from a domain (virtual machine) while it is running. This is extremely useful because resources can be shifted to or from virtual machines in response to load conditions without having to reboot or interrupt running applications. For example, if an application requires more CPU capacity, you can add CPUs to improve performance, and remove them when they are no longer needed. You can use even use Dynamic Resource Management (DRM) policies that automatically add and remove CPUs to domains based on load. How it works (in broad general terms) Dynamic Reconfiguration is done in coordination with Solaris, which recognises a hypervisor request to change its virtual machine configuration and responds appropriately. In essence, Solaris receives a message saying "you now have 16 more CPUs numbered 16 to 31" or "8GB more RAM starting at address X" or "here's a new network or disk device - have fun with it". These actions take very little time. Solaris then can start using the new resource. In the case of added CPUs, that means dispatching processes and potentially binding interrupts to the new CPUs. For memory, Solaris adds the new memory pages to its "free" list and starts using them. Comparable actions occur with network and disk devices: they are recognised by Solaris and then used. Removing is the reverse process: after receiving the DR message to free specific CPUs, Solaris unbinds interrupts assigned to the CPUs and stops dispatching process threads. That takes very little time. primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 1.0% 6d 22h 29m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 16 8G 0.9% 6h 59m primary # ldm set-core 5 ldom1 primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 0.2% 6d 22h 29m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 40 8G 0.1% 6h 59m primary # ldm set-core 2 ldom1 primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 1.0% 6d 22h 29m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 16 8G 0.9% 6h 59m Memory pages are vacated by copying their contents to other memory locations and wiping them clean. Solaris may have to swap memory contents to disk if the remaining RAM isn't enough to hold all the contents. For this reason, deallocating memory can take longer on a loaded system. Even on a lightly loaded system it took several 7 or 8 seconds to switch the domain below between 8GB and 24GB of RAM. primary # ldm set-mem 24g ldom1 primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 0.1% 6d 22h 36m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 16 24G 0.2% 7h 6m primary # ldm set-mem 8g ldom1 primary # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- SP 16 4G 0.7% 6d 22h 37m ldom1 active -n---- 5000 16 8G 0.3% 7h 7m What if the device is in use? (this is the anecdote that inspired this blog post) If CPU or memory is being removed, releasing it pretty straightforward, using the method described above. The resources are released, and Solaris continues with less capacity. It's not as simple with a network or I/O device: you don't want to yank a device out from underneath an application that might be using it. In the following example, I've added a virtual network device to ldom1 and want to take it away, even though it's been plumbed. primary # ldm rm-vnet vnet19 ldom1 Guest LDom returned the following reason for failing the operation: Resource Information ---------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- /devices/virtual-devices@100/channel-devices@200/network@1 Network interface net1 VIO operation failed because device is being used in LDom ldom1 Failed to remove VNET instance That's what I call a helpful error message - telling me exactly what was wrong. In this case the problem is easily solved. I know this NIC is seen in the guest as net1 so: ldom1 # ifconfig net1 down unplumb Now I can dispose of it, and even the virtual switch I had created for it: primary # ldm rm-vnet vnet19 ldom1 primary # ldm rm-vsw primary-vsw9 If I had to take away the device disruptively, I could have used ldm rm-vnet -f but that could disrupt whoever was using it. It's better if that can be avoided. Summary Oracle VM Server for SPARC provides dynamic reconfiguration, which lets you modify a guest domain's CPU, memory and I/O configuration on the fly without reboot. You can add and remove resources as needed, and even automate this for CPUs by setting up resource policies. Taking things away can be more complicated than giving, especially for devices like disks and networks that may contain application and system state or be involved in a transaction. LDoms and Solaris cooperative work together to coordinate resource allocation and de-allocation in a safe and effective way. For best practices, use dynamic reconfiguration to make the best use of your system's resources.

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• AWStats is processing log files but does not display them

  - by Wouter

  I've setup AWStats on my VPS to get some more insight into the traffic coming to my site. As instructed I ran a manual build/update which ran fine: sudo -u www-data ./awstats.pl -config=xxxx.com Create/Update database for config "/etc/awstats/awstats.xxxx.com.conf" by AWStats version 6.9 (build 1.925) From data in log file "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/logresolvemerge.pl /var/www/xxxx.com/logs/*-access.log |"... Phase 1 : First bypass old records, searching new record... Searching new records from beginning of log file... Phase 2 : Now process new records (Flush history on disk after 20000 hosts)... Warning: awstats has detected that some hosts names were already resolved in your logfile /usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/logresolvemerge.pl /var/www/xxxx.com/logs/*-access.log |. If DNS lookup was already made by the logger (web server), you should change your setup DNSLookup=1 into DNSLookup=0 to increase awstats speed. Jumped lines in file: 0 Parsed lines in file: 814 Found 0 dropped records, Found 0 corrupted records, Found 0 old records, Found 814 new qualified records. It also produced the file in the DatDir: /var/lib/awstats/awstats052010.xxxx.com.txt which contains what I would expect. BUT when I visit: xxxx.com/awstats/awstats.pl it tells me Last Update: Never updated (See 'Build/Update' on awstats_setup.html page) and the rest of the page is blank. I'm pretty sure I set it up correctly but now I cannot figure out why this is happening. Hopefully someone smarter then me can help me. Thank you in advanced.

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• Cannot run "Automation Anywhere" exe files from console (session 0) on Windows Server 2003 64 bit

  - by Tyler

  I have a simple exe created from an Automation Anywhere task that displays a message box saying hello world. I created this simple exe just for debugging the following issue. When I log in to the console (session 0), and run the Automation Anywhere created executable, it starts to run the task, it shows up in the applications and processes list in the task manager and it shows the two "loading..." windows briefly on the screen, just like normal. But after that, nothing happens... the "hello world" message does not show up. The exe is done and is removed from the application and process list in the task manager. The user I am logged in as, has admin rights and the machine uses "autologin" to automatically log in using this profile when it starts up. If I right click on the exe and "run as" another admin user, the exe runs properly, showing the "hello world" message. Also, if I log into the server in a new session, with the original user (the one that has the problems in session 0), and then run the exe, it runs properly and shows the "hello world". It works fine in any session other than the console session. There is something about the console session that is causing the exe not to run properly... even though it does appear to start running the exe. I should also mention that everything was working fine until Monday at midnight, after which none of the executables could be run successfully. Nothing was changed on the server and no updates were installed. I have since installed windows updates, but that didn't change anything. Looking for some advice on how to get these executables working in the console session again. Thanks!

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• My linux server time and log files are not the same

  - by Martin

  Hi i have installed NTP on my linux server and i am getting my clock from a 6500 core switch, everything is working fine. When i ssh to a switch i have it all sent to a log file on the linux server, this log file does not time stamp with the same time as i have on the server. the date and hwclock are the same. But my my is exatly 6 hours behind my date on the server wich is CET. Has annyone have that same problem ? bedst regards Martin

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• Couldn't upload files to Sharepoint site while passing through Squid Proxy

  - by Ecio

  Hi all, we have this issue: one of our employees is collaborating with a supplier and he needs to upload documents on a Sharepoint site hosted on the supplier's main site. In our environment we use Squid Proxy to allow people navigate on the net (we have NTLM authentication and users transparently authenticate while using IE and FF). It seems that this specific Sharepoint site is using Integrated Windows Authentication only, and according to some research on the net it seems that this can have troubles with proxies. More specifically, we have tried two Squid versions: with Squid 3.0 we are unable to login to the site (the browser loads an empty page) with Squid 2.7 (that supports "Connection Pinning") we are able to login into the site, move on the different sections BUT.. when we try to upload a file that is bigger than a couple of KiloBytes (i.e. 10KB) the browser loads an error page (i think it's a 401 unauthorized but i must verify it) we've tried changing a couple of Squid options (in 2.7), what we got is that when you try to upload the file you got an authentication box (just like the initial login) and it refuses to go on even if you enter the same authentication credentials. What's really strange is that when you try to upload a small file (i.e. a text or binary 1KB file) the upload succeeds. I initially thought that maybe there was something misconfigured on their Sharepoint site but I've tried also this site: www.xsolive.com (it's a sharepoint 2007 demo site) and I've experienced the same problem. Has any of you experienced such behaviour? Thanks! Of course we've suggested to the supplier to activate also Basic+SSL and we're waiting for their reply..

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• Moving media files while preserving itunes rating in itunes

  - by akurtser

  Hi, I've seen many threads on how to move an entire media collection from one machine to another. I want to organize my mp3 directories, but any copied file loses its reference from itunes library, thus, when I add it to itunes again, it'll have no rating data. I guess it's possible if I manipulate the itunes xml database, but I really don't want to mess with it "by hand".

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• rsync from OS X to Ubuntu failing for large (>15GB) files

  - by johnny_bgoode

  I'm trying to rsync a 15 GB file from my OSX box to a box running Ubuntu 10.04 server. rsync is transferring ~300-700Mb and then closing the connection with the following error: Read from remote host my.host.name: Connection reset by peer rsync: writefd_unbuffered failed to write 4 bytes [sender]: Broken pipe (32) rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (397214 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: unexplained error (code 255) at /SourceCache/rsync/rsync-40/rsync/io.c(452) [sender=2.6.9] The exact command I am executing is: rsync --progress --archive --inplace my.15GB.file.tgz my.host.name:~/ I am sure that there is enough free space on the Ubuntu box. Any ideas what could be causing the connection to drop?

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• uploading php files into my root folder and sending spam

  - by Mustafa Oenal

  i do not understand how but someone is uploading a php file into the public_html directory of my CentOS 6 server like statisticsuQPo.php this php file gives me "linux10+cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da" and it is sending spam mail's without end. i have remove the file maybe 10 times but i do got it back every day. how can i solve this problem? is there anything wrong with my apache configuration?

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• Apache is not interpreting .PHP files

  - by Ala ABUDEEB

  I recently downloaded OpenSUSE OS version 11.4 from the site to use it as a server..In order to do that I downloaded the server edition that has Apache/2.2.17 and PHP5 downloaded by default.....Ok till now it is fine Now I started the Apache successfully and put a test.php file in the documentRoot directory. test.php contain only <?php phpinfo() ?> Then using my browser I typed http://localhost/test.php and here was the problem the browser didn't display what phpinfo() should display, instead it asked me whether I want to open or save test.php...which is driving me crazy.... I googled a lot but no solution THis is /etc/apache2/conf.d/php5.conf (IfModule mod_php5.c) AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php4 AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php5 AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php AddHandler application/x-httpd-php-source .php4s AddHandler application/x-httpd-php-source .php5s AddHandler application/x-httpd-php-source .phps DirectoryIndex index.php4 DirectoryIndex index.php5 DirectoryIndex index.php (/IfModule)

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• Can't Run .exe files from my DVD-R/W Rom win XP Pro

  - by Sohail

  Hi everybody In my windows XP Pro I can't run any .exe file from my DVD Rom, but I can run them on my hard drive, Even I can't copy anything from a DVD to my hard drive. and when I run .exe file there is some prompt message like "setup.exe is not a valid win32 application" or something like that. I would really appreciate if anyone can help

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• gnome-terminal -- get path by draging files into terminal

  - by user62046

  I use colinux, see http://www.colinux.org/ ; I used the ubuntu image (ubuntu without desktop environment) and install the packages gdm ?x-window-system-core and gnome-core and update to 10.04. the default user ( which is the only one user) is root. When I try to drag a file into gnome-terminal, I don't get the path of this file, instead the image of this file just came back to the original place. Anyone knows why this happened?

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• Files missing after copying from one sdcard to another using Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Abhi Kandoi

  I have two Kingston sdcards 8GB and 32GB. The 8GB for HTC Sensation and 32GB for my Tablet (Chinese). I soon ran out of space on my phone and decided to swap the data between the sdcards. I copied the data of 32GB sdcard to my PC(with Ubuntu 12.04) deleted everything on the 32GB sdcard and copied data from the 8GB sdcard to the other sdcard. At last I copied the data from my PC to the 8GB sdcard(before this I deleted everything that was on it before). Now the problem is that the 8GB sdcard has the data exactly the same, but the 32GB sdcard has some missing data. All my photos(not copied or posted on Facebook) and Songs are lost. Please help as to what I can do to get my data back? I have Android Revolution HD (ICS 4.0.3) on my rooted HTC Sensation (India). I suspect it has something to do with my data loss.

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• gnome-terminal — get path by draging files into terminal

  - by user62046

  I use colinux, see http://www.colinux.org/ ; I used the ubuntu image (ubuntu without desktop environment) and install the packages gdm ?x-window-system-core and gnome-core and update to 10.04. the default user ( which is the only one user) is root. When I try to drag a file into gnome-terminal, I don't get the path of this file, instead the image of this file just came back to the original place. Anyone knows why this happened?

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• Force copy files off CRC error filled hard drive

  - by TheLakersHighlights

  So I got a dying Western Digital hard drive here and I have a new Western Digital hard drive to transfer all the data to. I have the new HDD hooked up by a SATA to USB. I want to transfer all the pictures, etc to the new HDD. I am unable to because of the CRC error. I have ran chkdsk /f /r and it didnt work because the drive is just simply dying. What tool will let me bypass CRC and continue on with the copying? OS: Vista Home Prem. 32bit

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• Moving a .aspx site over to nginx, need to server .aspx as static files or rewrite

  - by Blankman

  I have a simple CMS site that was written in asp.net. My site looks like: www.example.com/ www.example.com/content/index.aspx www.example.com/content/get.aspx?id=234 (loads an article) It uses a database currently, but I am going to dump all the content to file, and then I can just pull the contents of the file based on the id=234 value. I want to move this site over to my ubuntu nginx server. What options do I have? Suggestions? I want to keep the URL structure exactly how it is now, how can I do this? Would this be any easier using apache?

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• How to install nginx and install the configuration files too

  - by Burning the Codeigniter

  I've just completely uninstalled nginx 1.0.6 from my server (Ubuntu 11.04) using apt-get remove nginx rm -rf /etc/nginx/ rm -rf /usr/sbin/nginx rm /usr/share/man/man1/nginx.1.gz apt-get remove nginx* Now I want to install it again, however when starting nginx, I get errors such as: Restarting nginx: nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory) Then I placed my own conf file, then I get a new error: Restarting nginx: nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/mime.types" failed (2: No such file or directory) in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:12 Now it seems that apt-get install nginx doesn't install it completely, I cleared the apt-get cache, doesn't seem to help. How can I get a full installation of nginx using apt-get?

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• Windows 2008: automated backup of data files

  - by Karsten Strobaek

  Hi, Does anyone know how to run an automatic backup of specific directories in Windows 2008? Looking at Windows Server Backup (I guess the "replacement" for NTBackup.exe) it seems like you are only able to backup whole volumns. TIA. Karsten

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• PHP-CGI slowly gains memory despite lack of requests.

  - by Kyle

  I know by now that PHP-CGI will sit there and hog my memory but I'm not looking to reduce it, just a way to reset the processes every so often. I'm using PHP-CGI with FastCGI/Lighttpd. So the best way of saying this is how could I reset these processes to prevent these annoying memory leaks?

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• uTorrent repeatedly downloads old files from the RSS feed

  - by Domchi

  So I set up uTorrent to automatically download torrents from EZTV search-based RSS feeds. And it works splendidly. I just set feeds to download automatically, and didn't set up smart episode filters or anything else in the uTorrent itself. However, from time to time something happens to EZTV feeds which makes uTorrent re-download every single torrent in every feed. I'm looking for a workaround.

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• Vim is spellchecking in XML files where I don't want it to, and only there

  - by Kazark

  I'm trying to use Vim's builtin spellchecking in some XML documents. This happens merely by having the XML syntax loaded, as seen in the following minimalistic example (which reproduces what I also see in large XML documents): Note that given two buffers with exactly the same content, when Filetype is text, the spellchecking works; when it is xml, it does not. spell is set in both buffers. However, given this view of the top three lines of a large XML document, you can see that the spellchecking is certainly on: but it is only checking attributes. The nuisance is that none of the things it is actually finding are mispelled, and it isn't finding any of the numerous misspellings in the document. I would like it at a minimum to find the spelling errors in the body of the document, and being able to turn off the checking on attributes would be a nice option. I've searched for @NoSpell in the xml.vim file, but that returns no hits.

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• Files Corrupted on System Restore

  - by Yar

  I restored my OSX today by copying the system over from a backup. Most things seem to be working, but every single GIT repo gives pretty much the same error fatal: object 03b45161eb27228914e690e032ca8009358e9588 is corrupted I have tried chowning, doing everything as sudo or root... I have no idea what to try next. This would be a normal git question except that it's on many repos. Ideas? Note: I'm using git 1.7.0.3 and I was probably using 1.7.0 before. Edit: Tried with 1.7.0.2 and it made no difference. Edit: Even when copying any of the repos I get this strange message cp: .git/objects/fe/86b676974a44aa7f128a55bf27670f4a1073ca: could not copy extended attributes to /eraseme/Pickers/.git/objects/fe/86b676974a44aa7f128a55bf27670f4a1073ca: Operation not permitted

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• Ubuntu: package installed, but files missing?

  - by jeckyll2hide

  I have been playing around with the /etc/asterisk directory, installing the related pacakge (asterisk-config), removing it, removing the directory manually (just playing around to get the configuration synced to my configuration repo). Now I just want to reinstall the official package, so I do: root@tethys:/etc# apt-get install asterisk-config root@tethys:/etc# tree asterisk/ asterisk/ +-- manager.d What?! Empty?!? Have I installed it? root@tethys:/etc# dpkg --get-selections | grep asterisk asterisk install asterisk-config install asterisk-core-sounds-en install asterisk-core-sounds-en-gsm install asterisk-modules install asterisk-moh-opsound-gsm install asterisk-voicemail install Indeed! Let me check the contents of the package: root@tethys:/etc# dpkg -L asterisk-config ... /etc /etc/asterisk /etc/asterisk/res_snmp.conf /etc/asterisk/dbsep.conf /etc/asterisk/cel_custom.conf /etc/asterisk/cel.conf /etc/asterisk/meetme.conf /etc/asterisk/jingle.conf /etc/asterisk/queuerules.conf ... So, what have I done that the package will get installed, but the contents are nowhere to be seen? And, more importantly, how can I force the contents to be installed, no matter what I have done before?

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• Decoding PAM configuration files ...

  - by Jamie

  Could someone point me to some (recent) documentation that would help me with decoding PAM configuration file lines like this: auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_winbind.so krb5_auth krb5_ccache_type=FILE cached_login try_first_pass I'm trying to get my Ubuntu box (testing 10.04 Server Beta 2) to use Active Directory, and the last step is to get PAM on the unix box to work, but I'm wary about making changes (and locking myself out) without understanding how to merge what I'm reading here with what ubuntu has implemented.

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