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  • Writing a mini-language with haskell, trouble with "while" statements and blocks { }

    - by Nibirue
    EDIT: problem partially solved, skip to the bottom for update. I'm writing a small language using haskell, and I've made a lot of progress, but I am having trouble implementing statements that use blocks, like "{ ... }". I've implemented support for If statements like so in my parser file: stmt = skip +++ ifstmt +++ assignment +++ whilestmt ifstmt = symbol "if" >> parens expr >>= \c -> stmt >>= \t -> symbol "else" >> stmt >>= \e -> return $ If c t e whilestmt = symbol "while" >> parens expr >>= \c -> symbol "\n" >> symbol "{" >> stmt >>= \t -> symbol "}" >> return $ While c t expr = composite +++ atomic And in the Syntax file: class PP a where pp :: Int -> a -> String instance PP Stmt where pp ind (If c t e) = indent ind ++ "if (" ++ show c ++ ") \n" ++ pp (ind + 2) t ++ indent ind ++ "else\n" ++ pp (ind + 2) e pp ind (While c t) = indent ind ++ "while (" ++ show c ++") \n" ++ "{" ++ pp (ind + 2) t ++ "}" ++ indent ind Something is wrong with the while statement, and I don't understand what. The logic seems correct, but when I run the code I get the following error: EDIT: Fixed the first problem based on the first reply, now it is not recognizing my while statment which I assume comes from this: exec :: Env -> Stmt -> Env exec env (If c t e) = exec env ( if eval env c == BoolLit True then t else e ) exec env (While c t) = exec env ( if eval env c == BoolLit True then t ) The file being read from looks like this: x = 1; c = 0; if (x < 2) c = c + 1; else ; -- SEPARATE FILES FOR EACH x = 1; c = 1; while (x < 10) { c = c * x; x = x + 1; } c I've tried to understand the error report but nothing I've tried solves the problem.

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  • Java - Layering issues with Lists and Graphics2D

    - by Mirrorcrazy
    So I have a DisplayPanel class that extends JPanel and that also paints my numerous images for my program using Graphics2D. In order to be able to easily customly use this I set it up so that every time the panel is repainted it uses a List, that I can add to or remove from as the program processes. My problem is with layering. I've run into an issue where the List must have reached its resizing point (or something whacky like that) and so the images i want to display end up beneath all of the other images already on the screen. I've come to the community for an answer because I have faith you will provide a good one. DisplayPanel: package earthworm; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.swing.JPanel; public class DisplayPanel extends JPanel { private List<ImageMap> images = new ArrayList(); public DisplayPanel() { setSize(800, 640); refresh(); } public void refresh() { revalidate(); repaint(); } @Override public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g; g2d.clearRect(0, 0, 800, 640); for(int i = 0; i < images.size(); i++) g2d.drawImage( images.get(i).getImage(), images.get(i).getX(), images.get(i).getY(), null); } public void paintImage(ImageMap[] images, ImageMap[] clearImages, boolean clear) { if(clear) this.images.clear(); else if(clearImages!=null) for(int i = 0; i < clearImages.length; i++) this.images.remove(clearImages[i]); if(images!=null) for(int i = 0; i<images.length; i++) this.images.add(images[i]); refresh(); } }

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  • Separation of domain and ui layer in a composite

    - by hansmaad
    Hi all, i'm wondering if there is a pattern how to separate the domain logic of a class from the ui responsibilities of the objects in the domain layer. Example: // Domain classes interface MachinePart { CalculateX(in, out) // Where do we put these: // Draw(Screen) ?? // ShowProperties(View) ?? // ... } class Assembly : MachinePart { CalculateX(in, out) subParts } class Pipe : MachinePart { CalculateX(in, out) length, diamater... } There is an application that calculates the value X for machines assembled from many machine parts. The assembly is loaded from a file representation and is designed as a composite. Each concrete part class stores some data to implement the CalculateX(in,out) method to simulate behaviour of the whole assembly. The application runs well but without GUI. To increase the usability a GUi should be developed on top of the existing implementation (changes to the existing code are allowed). The GUI should show a schematic graphical representation of the assembly and provide part specific dialogs to edit several parameters. To achieve these goals the application needs new functionality for each machine part to draw a schematic representation on the screen, show a property dialog and other things not related to the domain of machine simulation. I can think of some different solutions to implement a Draw(Screen) functionality for each part but i am not happy with each of them. First i could add a Draw(Screen) method to the MachinePart interface but this would mix-up domain code with ui code and i had to add a lot of functionality to each machine part class what makes my domain model hard to read and hard to understand. Another "simple" solution is to make all parts visitable and implement ui code in visitors but Visitor does not belong to my favorite patterns. I could derive UI variants from each machine part class to add the UI implementation there but i had to check if each part class is suited for inheritance and had to be careful on changes to the base classes. My currently favorite design is to create a parallel composite hierarchy where each component stores data to define a machine part, has implementation for UI methods and a factory method which creates instances of the corresponding domain classes, so that i can "convert" a UI assembly to a domain assembly. But there are problems to go back from the created domain hierarchy to the UI hierarchy for showing calculation results in the drawing for example (imagine some parts store some values during the calculation i want to show in the schematic representation after the simluation). Maybe there are some proven patterns for such problems?

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  • Visual studio 2010 colourizers, intellisense and the rest. Where to start!!

    - by Owen
    Ok, before I begin I realize that there is a lot of documentation on this subject but I have thus far failed to get even basic colourization working for VS2010. My goal is to simply get to a point where I can open a document and everything is coloured red, from here I can implement the relevant parsing logic. Here's what I have tried/found: 1) Downloaded all the relevent SDK's and such- Found the ook sample (http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/ookLanguage) - didn't build, didn't work. 2) Knowing almost nothing about MEF read through "Implementing a Language Service By Using the Managed Package Framework" - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb166533(v=VS.100).aspx This was pretty much a copy and paste of all the basic stuff here, and also updating some references which were out of date with the sample see: http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/vsx/thread/a310fe67-afd2-4592-b295-3fc86fec7996 Now, I have got to a point where when running the package MEF appears to have hooked up correctly (I know this because with the debugger open I can see that the packages initialize and FDoIdle methods are being hit). When I open a file of the extension I have registered with the ProvideLanguageExtensionAttribute everything dies as if in an endless loop, yet no debug symbols hit (though they are loaded). Looking at the ook sample and the MEF examples they seem to be totally different approaches to the same problem. In the ook sample there are notions of Clasifications and Completion controllers which aren't mentioned in the MEF example. Also, they don't seem to create a Package or Language service, so I have no idea how it should work? With the MEF example, my assumption is that I need to hook into the "IScanner.ScanTokenAndProvideInfoAboutIt" to provide syntax highlighting? Which would be fine if I could ever hit this method. So my first question I guess is which approach should I be taking here? Or do they both somehow tie together? My second questions is, where can I find a basic fully working project that implements bog standard basic syntax highlighting and intellisense or VS2010? Thirdly, in the MEF example when I created a Package there were a bunch of test projects created for me. I appears that the integration tests launch the VS2010 test rig somehow, but the test fails. It would be good to write my service with tests but I have no idea what/how I can test each interaction so any references to testing Language services would be helpful. Finally, please throw any resource/book links my way that I may find useful. Cheers, Chris. N.B. Sorry I realize this is part question part rant, but I have never been so confused.

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  • Getting huge lags when downloading files via Service

    - by Copa
    I have a Service which receives URLs to download. The Service than downloads these URLs and save them to a file on the SD Card. When I put more than 2 items in the download queue my device is unusable. It nearly freezes. Huge lags and so on. Any idea? Sourcecode: private static boolean downloading = false; private static ArrayList<DownloadItem> downloads = new ArrayList<DownloadItem>(); /** * called once when the service started */ public static void start() { Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { if (downloads.size() > 0 && !downloading) { downloading = true; DownloadItem item = downloads.get(0); downloadSingleFile(item.getUrl(), item.getFile()); } } } }); thread.start(); } public static void addDownload(DownloadItem item) { downloads.add(item); } private static void downloadSuccessfullFinished() { if (downloads.size() > 0) downloads.get(0).setDownloaded(true); downloadFinished(); } private static void downloadFinished() { // remove the first entry; it has been downloaded if (downloads.size() > 0) downloads.remove(0); downloading = false; } private static void downloadSingleFile(String url, File output) { final int maxBufferSize = 4096; HttpResponse response = null; try { response = new DefaultHttpClient().execute(new HttpGet(url)); if (response != null && response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { // request is ok InputStream is = response.getEntity().getContent(); BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is); RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(output, "rw"); ByteArrayBuffer baf = new ByteArrayBuffer(maxBufferSize); long current = 0; long i = 0; // read and write 4096 bytes each time while ((current = bis.read()) != -1) { baf.append((byte) current); if (++i == maxBufferSize) { raf.write(baf.toByteArray()); baf = new ByteArrayBuffer(maxBufferSize); i = 0; } } if (i > 0) // write the last bytes to the file raf.write(baf.toByteArray()); baf.clear(); raf.close(); bis.close(); is.close(); // download finished get start next download downloadSuccessfullFinished(); return; } } catch (Exception e) { // not successfully downloaded downloadFinished(); return; } // not successfully downloaded downloadFinished(); return; }

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  • when get pagecontent from URL the connect alway return nopermistion ?

    - by tiendv
    I have a methor to return pagecontent of link but when it run, alway return "Do not perrmisson ", plesea check it here is code to return string pagecontent public static String getPageContent(String targetURL) throws Exception { Hashtable contentHash = new Hashtable(); URL url; URLConnection conn; // The data streams used to read from and write to the URL connection. DataOutputStream out; DataInputStream in; // String returned as the result . String returnString = ""; // Create the URL object and make a connection to it. url = new URL(targetURL); conn = url.openConnection(); // check out permission of acess URL if (conn.getPermission() != null) { returnString = "Do not Permission access URL "; } else { // Set connection parameters. We need to perform input and output, // so set both as true. conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setDoOutput(true); // Disable use of caches. conn.setUseCaches(false); // Set the content type we are POSTing. We impersonate it as // encoded form data conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // get the output stream . out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream()); String content = ""; // Create a single String value pairs for all the keys // in the Hashtable passed to us. Enumeration e = contentHash.keys(); boolean first = true; while (e.hasMoreElements()) { // For each key and value pair in the hashtable Object key = e.nextElement(); Object value = contentHash.get(key); // If this is not the first key-value pair in the hashtable, // concantenate an "&" sign to the constructed String if (!first) content += "&"; // append to a single string. Encode the value portion content += (String) key + "=" + URLEncoder.encode((String) value); first = false; } // Write out the bytes of the content string to the stream. out.writeBytes(content); out.flush(); out.close(); // check if can't read from URL // Read input from the input stream. in = new DataInputStream(conn.getInputStream()); String str; while (null != ((str = in.readLine()))) { returnString += str + "\n"; } in.close(); } // return the string that was read. return returnString; }

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  • Vertical Seek not progress value not showing on MainActivity textView

    - by Raju Gujarati
    I am try to display the progress value of the seekBar but when it comes to the execution, there is no update on the value being display on the TextView. I wonder what alternatives than putting two classes onto one big class in order to archive this aim ? The below is my code VerticalSeekBar.java package com.example.imagerotation; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.widget.SeekBar; import android.widget.Toast; public class VerticalSeekBar extends SeekBar { public VerticalSeekBar(Context context) { super(context); } public VerticalSeekBar(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { super(context, attrs, defStyle); } public VerticalSeekBar(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); } protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(h, w, oldh, oldw); } @Override protected synchronized void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { super.onMeasure(heightMeasureSpec, widthMeasureSpec); setMeasuredDimension(getMeasuredHeight(), getMeasuredWidth()); } protected void onDraw(Canvas c) { c.rotate(-90); c.translate(-getHeight(), 0); super.onDraw(c); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { if (!isEnabled()) { return false; } switch (event.getAction()) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: int progress = getMax() - (int) (getMax() * event.getY() / getHeight()); setProgress(progress); onSizeChanged(getWidth(), getHeight(), 0, 0); //Toast.makeText(getContext(), String.valueOf(progress), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: break; } return true; } } MainActvity.java package com.example.imagerotation; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private VerticalSeekBar seek; private TextView by; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); seek = (VerticalSeekBar)findViewById(R.id.seekBar1); by = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView1); by.setText(String.valueOf(seek.getProgress())); } }

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  • NullReferenceException at Microsoft.Silverlight.Build.Tasks.CompileXaml.LoadAssemblies(ITaskItem[] R

    - by Eugene Larchick
    Hi, I updated my Visual Studio 2010 to the version 10.0.30319.1 RTM Rel and start getting the following exception during the build: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. at Microsoft.Silverlight.Build.Tasks.CompileXaml.LoadAssemblies(ITaskItem[] ReferenceAssemblies) at Microsoft.Silverlight.Build.Tasks.CompileXaml.get_GetXamlSchemaContext() at Microsoft.Silverlight.Build.Tasks.CompileXaml.GenerateCode(ITaskItem item, Boolean isApplication) at Microsoft.Silverlight.Build.Tasks.CompileXaml.Execute() at Bohr.Silverlight.BuildTasks.BohrCompileXaml.Execute() The code of BohrCompileXaml.Execute is the following: public override bool Execute() { List<TaskItem> pages = new List<TaskItem>(); foreach (ITaskItem item in SilverlightPages) { string newFileName = getGeneratedName(item.ItemSpec); String content = File.ReadAllText(item.ItemSpec); String parentClassName = getParentClassName(content); if (null != parentClassName) { content = content.Replace("<UserControl", "<" + parentClassName); content = content.Replace("</UserControl>", "</" + parentClassName + ">"); content = content.Replace("bohr:ParentClass=\"" + parentClassName + "\"", ""); } File.WriteAllText(newFileName, content); pages.Add(new TaskItem(newFileName)); } if (null != SilverlightApplications) { foreach (ITaskItem item in SilverlightApplications) { Log.LogMessage(MessageImportance.High, "Application: " + item.ToString()); } } foreach (ITaskItem item in pages) { Log.LogMessage(MessageImportance.High, "newPage: " + item.ToString()); } CompileXaml xamlCompiler = new CompileXaml(); xamlCompiler.AssemblyName = AssemblyName; xamlCompiler.Language = Language; xamlCompiler.LanguageSourceExtension = LanguageSourceExtension; xamlCompiler.OutputPath = OutputPath; xamlCompiler.ProjectPath = ProjectPath; xamlCompiler.RootNamespace = RootNamespace; xamlCompiler.SilverlightApplications = SilverlightApplications; xamlCompiler.SilverlightPages = pages.ToArray(); xamlCompiler.TargetFrameworkDirectory = TargetFrameworkDirectory; xamlCompiler.TargetFrameworkSDKDirectory = TargetFrameworkSDKDirectory; xamlCompiler.BuildEngine = BuildEngine; bool result = xamlCompiler.Execute(); // HERE we got the error! And the definition of the task: <BohrCompileXaml LanguageSourceExtension="$(DefaultLanguageSourceExtension)" Language="$(Language)" SilverlightPages="@(Page)" SilverlightApplications="@(ApplicationDefinition)" ProjectPath="$(MSBuildProjectFullPath)" RootNamespace="$(RootNamespace)" AssemblyName="$(AssemblyName)" OutputPath="$(IntermediateOutputPath)" TargetFrameworkDirectory="$(TargetFrameworkDirectory)" TargetFrameworkSDKDirectory="$(TargetFrameworkSDKDirectory)" > <Output ItemName="Compile" TaskParameter="GeneratedCodeFiles" /> <!-- Add to the list list of files written. It is used in Microsoft.Common.Targets to clean up for a next clean build --> <Output ItemName="FileWrites" TaskParameter="WrittenFiles" /> <Output ItemName="_GeneratedCodeFiles" TaskParameter="GeneratedCodeFiles" /> </BohrCompileXaml> What can be the reason? And how can I get more info what's happening inside CompileXaml class?

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  • What's Wrong With My VB.NET Code Of Windows Forms Application?

    - by Krishanu Dey
    I've to forms frmPrint & frmEmail and a dataset(MyDataset) with some DataTable and DataTable Adapters. In frmPrint I've the following Sub Public Sub StartPrinting() try adapterLettersInSchedules.Fill(ds.LettersInSchedules) adapterLetters.Fill(ds.Letters) adapterClients.Fill(ds.Clients) adapterPrintJobs.GetPrintJobsDueToday(ds.PrintJobs, False, DateTime.Today) For Each prow As MyDataSet.PrintJobsRow In ds.PrintJobs Dim lisrow As MyDataSet.LettersInSchedulesRow = ds.LettersInSchedules.FindByID(prow.LetterInScheduleID) If lisrow.Isemail = False Then Dim clientrow As MyDataSet.ClientsRow = ds.Clients.FindByClientID(prow.ClientID) Dim letterrow As MyDataSet.LettersRow = ds.Letters.FindByID(lisrow.LetterID) 'prow. 'lisrow.is Label1.SuspendLayout() Label1.Refresh() Label1.Text = "Printing letter" txt.Rtf = letterrow.LetterContents txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%Firstname%>", clientrow.FirstName) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%Lastname%>", clientrow.LastName) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%Title%>", clientrow.Title) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%Street%>", clientrow.Street) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%City%>", clientrow.City) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%State%>", clientrow.State) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%Zip%>", clientrow.Zip) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%PhoneH%>", clientrow.PhoneH) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%PhoneW%>", clientrow.PhoneW) txt.Rtf = txt.Rtf.Replace("<%Date%>", DateTime.Today.ToShortDateString) Try PDoc.PrinterSettings = printDlg.PrinterSettings PDoc.Print() prow.Printed = True adapterPrintJobs.Update(prow) Catch ex As Exception End Try End If Next prow ds.PrintJobs.Clear() Catch ex As Exception MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Print", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error) End Try End Sub And in frmEmail i've the Following Sub Public Sub SendEmails() try adapterLettersInSchedules.Fill(ds.LettersInSchedules) adapterLetters.Fill(ds.Letters) adapterClients.Fill(ds.Clients) adapterEmailJobs.GetEmailJobsDueToday(ds.EmailJobs, False, Today) Dim ls_string As String For Each prow As MyDataSet.EmailJobsRow In ds.EmailJobs Dim lisrow As MyDataSet.LettersInSchedulesRow = ds.LettersInSchedules.FindByID(prow.LetterInScheduleID) If lisrow.Isemail = True Then Dim clientrow As MyDataSet.ClientsRow = ds.Clients.FindByClientID(prow.ClientID) Dim letterrow As MyDataSet.LettersRow = ds.Letters.FindByID(lisrow.LetterID) txt.Rtf = letterrow.LetterContents ls_string = RTF2HTML(txt.Rtf) ls_string = Mid(ls_string, 1, Len(ls_string) - 176) If ls_string = "" Then Throw New Exception("Rtf To HTML Conversion Failed") Label1.SuspendLayout() Label1.Refresh() Label1.Text = "Sending Email" If SendEmail(clientrow.Email, ls_string, letterrow.EmailSubject) Then Try prow.Emailed = True adapterEmailJobs.Update(prow) Catch ex As Exception End Try Else prow.Emailed = False adapterEmailJobs.Update(prow) End If End If Next prow Catch ex As Exception MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Email", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error) End Try End Sub I'm running this two subs using two different Threads. Public th As New Thread(New ThreadStart(AddressOf StartFirstPrint)) Public th4 As New Thread(New ThreadStart(AddressOf sendFirstEmail)) Here is the code of StartFirstPrint and sendFirstEmail Public Sub StartFirstPrint() Do While thCont Try Dim frm As New frmPrint() 'frm.MdiParent = Me frm.StartPrinting() Catch ex As Exception End Try Loop End Sub Public Sub sendFirstEmail() Do While thCont Try Dim frmSNDEmail As New frmEmail frmSNDEmail.SendEmails() Catch ex As Exception End Try Loop End Sub the thCont is a public boolean variable that specifies when to shop those threads. Most Of the time this works very well. But some times it gives errors Like the following image I don't know why is this occurring. Please help me.

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  • php functions within functions.

    - by Adamski
    Hi all, ihave created a simple project to help me get to grips with php and mysql, but have run into a minor issue, i have a working solution but would like to understand why i cannot run this code successfully this way, ill explain: i have a function, function fetch_all_movies(){ global $connection; $query = 'select distinct * FROM `'.TABLE_MOVIE.'` ORDER BY movieName ASC'; $stmt = mysqli_prepare($connection,$query); mysqli_execute($stmt); mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt,$id,$name,$genre,$date,$year); while(mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)){ $editUrl = "index.php?a=editMovie&movieId=".$id.""; $delUrl = "index.php?a=delMovie&movieId=".$id.""; echo "<tr><td>".$id."</td><td>".$name."</td><td>".$date."</td><td>".get_actors($id)."</td><td><a href=\"".$editUrl."\">Edit</a> | <a href=\"".$delUrl."\">Delete</a></td></tr>"; } } this fetches all the movies in my db, then i wish to get the count of actors for each film, so i pass in the get_actors($id) function which gets the movie id and then gives me the count of how many actors are realted to a film. here is the function for that: function get_actors($movieId){ global $connection; $query = 'SELECT DISTINCT COUNT(*) FROM `'.TABLE_ACTORS.'` WHERE movieId = "'.$movieId.'"'; $result = mysqli_query($connection,$query); $row = mysqli_fetch_array($result); return $row[0]; } the functions both work perfect when called separately, i just would like to understand when i pass the function inside a function i get this warning: Warning: mysqli_fetch_array() expects parameter 1 to be mysqli_result, boolean given in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/movie_db/includes/functions.inc.php on line 287 could anyone help me understand why? many thanks.

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  • Serialize JavaScript's navigator object

    - by kappa
    Hi, I'm creating a page to help diagnose the problem our users are experiencing with our web pages (you know, asking a user "What browser are you using?" usually leads to "Internet"). This page already submits to me all the HTTP headers and now I'm trying to have JavaScript give some more informations, so I thought it would be great to have the user's navigator JavaScript object and I started looking how to serialize it so I can submit it through a form. The problem is I'm not able to serialize the navigator object using any JSON library I know of, everyone returns an empty object (?!), so I decided to write an ad-hoc serializer. You can find the code here: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.5.0/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function serialize (object) { var type = typeof object; if (object === null) { return '"nullValue"'; } if (type == 'string' || type === 'number' || type === 'boolean') { return '"' + object + '"'; } else if (type === 'function') { return '"functionValue"'; } else if (type === 'object') { var output = '{'; for (var item in object) { if (item !== 'enabledPlugin') { output += '"' + item + '":' + serialize(object[item]) + ','; } } return output.replace(/\,$/, '') + '}'; } else if (type === 'undefined') { return '"undefinedError"'; } else { return '"unknownTypeError"'; } }; $(document).ready(function () { $('#navigator').text(serialize(navigator)); }); </script> <style type="text/css"> #navigator { font-family: monospaced; } </style> <title>Serialize</title> </head> <body> <h1>Serialize</h1> <p id="navigator"></p> </body> </html> This code seems to work perfectly in Firefox, Opera, Chrome and Safari but (obviously) doesn't work in Internet Explorer (at least version 8.0), it complains that "Property or method not supported by the object" at line for (var item in object) {. Do you have any hint on how to fix the code or how to reach the goal (serialize the navigator object) by other means?

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  • Do you use logical negation operator (!) in "if" statement or check on "== false"

    - by Taras Terebkov
    Hello everyone, I just want to conduct a little survey about code style developers prefer. For me there are two ways to write "if" in such languages as Java, C#, C++, etc. (1) Logical negation operator public void foo() { if (!SessionManager.getInstance().hasActiveSession()) { . . . . . } } (2) Check on "false" public void foo() { if (SessionManager.getInstance().hasActiveSession() == false) { . . . . . } } I always believe that first way is much worst then the second one. Cause usually you don't "read" the code, but "recognize" it in one brief look. And exclamation symbol slipped from your mind, just disturbing you somewhere on the bottom of your unconscious. And only during reading the "if" block below you understand, that the logic is opposite - no sessions in "if" On the other hand in the second way of writing, an eye immediately catches words "SessionManager", "hasActiveSession" and "false". Also for me, the situation with "true" is different. In code like class SessionManager { private bool hasSession; public void foo() { if (hasSession == true) { . . . . . } else { . . . . . } } } I find "true" superfluous. why we repeating the sentence two times? The following is shorter and quicker to catch. class SessionManager { private bool hasSession; public void foo() { if (hasSession) { . . . . . } else { . . . . . } } } What do YOU think, guys?

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  • why does .apk is not getting installed in android emulator ?

    - by Saravana
    I tried the following code with android 2.3.3 (AVD). When i run this code it waits saying Waiting for HOME ('android.process.acore') to be launched... but keeps on waiting. So i tried running second time .. this time it says [2011-03-04 12:28:39 - DialANumber] Uploading DialANumber.apk onto device 'emulator-5554' [2011-03-04 12:28:39 - DialANumber] Installing DialANumber.apk... [2011-03-04 12:29:14 - DialANumber] HOME is up on device 'emulator-5554' [2011-03-04 12:29:14 - DialANumber] Uploading DialANumber.apk onto device 'emulator-5554' [2011-03-04 12:29:14 - DialANumber] Installing DialANumber.apk... and after some time fails with [2011-03-04 12:31:37 - DialANumber] Failed to install DialANumber.apk on device 'emulator-5554! [2011-03-04 12:31:37 - DialANumber] (null) [2011-03-04 12:31:39 - DialANumber] Launch canceled! the code follows: package com.DialANumber; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.KeyEvent; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.LinearLayout; public class DialANumber extends Activity { EditText mEditText_number = null; LinearLayout mLinearLayout_no_button = null; Button mButton_dial = null; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mLinearLayout_no_button = new LinearLayout(this); mEditText_number = new EditText(this); mEditText_number.setText("5551222"); mLinearLayout_no_button.addView(mEditText_number); mButton_dial = new Button(this); mButton_dial.setText("Dial!"); mLinearLayout_no_button.addView(mButton_dial); mButton_dial.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { performDial(); } }); setContentView(mLinearLayout_no_button); } public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_CALL) { performDial(); return true; } return false; } public void performDial(){ if(mEditText_number!=null){ try { startActivity(new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, Uri.parse("tel:" + mEditText_number.getText()))); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }//if } } I am just starting to learn developing android apps. please help me out.. Thanks.

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  • This code appears to achieve the return of a null reference in C++

    - by Chuck
    Hi folks, My C++ knowledge is somewhat piecemeal. I was reworking some code at work. I changed a function to return a reference to a type. Inside, I look up an object based on an identifier passed in, then return a reference to the object if found. Of course I ran into the issue of what to return if I don't find the object, and in looking around the web, many people claim that returning a "null reference" in C++ is impossible. Based on this advice, I tried the trick of returning a success/fail boolean, and making the object reference an out parameter. However, I ran into the roadblock of needing to initialize the references I would pass as actual parameters, and of course there is no way to do this. I retreated to the usual approach of just returning a pointer. I asked a colleague about it. He uses the following trick quite often, which is accepted by both a recent version of the Sun compiler and by gcc: MyType& someFunc(int id) { // successful case here: // ... // fail case: return *static_cast<MyType*>(0); } // Use: ... MyType& mt = somefunc(myIdNum); if (&mt) // test for "null reference" { // whatever } ... I have been maintaining this code base for a while, but I find that I don't have as much time to look up the small details about the language as I would like. I've been digging through my reference book but the answer to this one eludes me. Now, I had a C++ course a few years ago, and therein we emphasized that in C++ everything is types, so I try to keep that in mind when thinking things through. Deconstructing the expression: "*static_cast(0);", it indeed seems to me that we take a literal zero, cast it to a pointer to MyType (which makes it a null pointer), and then apply the dereferencing operator in the context of assigning to a reference type (the return type), which should give me a reference to the same object pointed to by the pointer. This sure looks like returning a null reference to me. Any advice in explaining why this works (or why it shouldn't) would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, Chuck

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  • PHP Based session variable not retaining value. Works on localhost, but not on server.

    - by Foo
    I've been trying to debug this problem for many hours, but to no avail. I've been using PHP for many years, and got back into it after long hiatus, so I'm still a bit rusty. Anyways, my $_SESSION vars are not retaining their value for some reason that I can't figure out. The site worked on localhost perfectly, but uploading it to the server seemed to break it. First thing I checked was the PHP.ini server settings. Everything seems fine. In fact, my login system is session based and it works perfectly. So now that I know $_SESSIONS are working properly and retaining their value for my login, I'm presuming the server is setup and the problem is in my script. Here's a stripped version of the code that's causing a problem. $type, $order and $style are not being retained after they are set via a GET variable. The user clicks a link, which sets a variable via GET, and this variable is retained for the remainder of their session. Is there some problem with my logic that I'm not seeing? <?php require_once('includes/top.php'); //first line includes a call to session_start(); require_once('includes/db.php'); $type = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 't', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT); $order = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 'o', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT); $style = filter_input(INPUT_GET, 's', FILTER_VALIDATE_INT); /* According to documentation, filter_input returns a NULL when variables are undefined. So, if t, o, or s are not set via URL, $type, $order and $style will be NULL. */ print_r($_SESSION); /* All other sessions, such as the login session, etc. are displayed here. After the sessions are set below, they are displayed up here to... simply with no value. This leads me to believe the problem is with the code below, perhaps? */ // If $type is not null (meaning it WAS set via the get method above) // or it's false because the validation failed for some reason, // then set the session to the $type. I removed the false check for simplicity. // This code is being successfully executed, and the data is being stored... if(!is_null($type)) { $_SESSION['type'] = $type; } if(!is_null($order)) { $_SESSION['order'] = $order; } if(!is_null($style)) { $_SESSION['style'] = $style; } $smarty->display($template); ?> If anyone can point me in the right direction, I'd greatly appreciate it. Thanks.

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  • How to store array of NSManagedObjects in an NSManagedObject

    - by David Tay
    I am loading my app with a property list of data from a web site. This property list file contains an NSArray of NSDictionaries which itself contains an NSArray of NSDictionaries. Basically, I'm trying to load a tableView of restaurant menu categories each of which contains menu items. My property list file is fine. I am able to load the file and loop through the nodes structure creating NSEntityDescriptions and am able to save to Core Data. Everything works fine and expectedly except that in my menu category managed object, I have an NSArray of menu items for that category. Later on, when I fetch the categories, the pointers to the menu items in a category is lost and I get all the menu items. Am I suppose to be using predicates or does Core Data keep track of my object graph for me? Can anyone look at how I am loading Core Data and point out the flaw in my logic? I'm pretty good with either SQL and OOP by themselves, but am a little bewildered by ORM. I thought that I should just be able to use aggregation in my managed objects and that the framework would keep track of the pointers for me, but apparently not. NSError *error; NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://foo.com"]; NSArray *categories = [[NSArray alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url]; NSMutableArray *menuCategories = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (int i=0; i<[categories count]; i++){ MenuCategory *menuCategory = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"MenuCategory" inManagedObjectContext:[self managedObjectContext]]; NSDictionary *category = [categories objectAtIndex:i]; menuCategory.name = [category objectForKey:@"name"]; NSArray *items = [category objectForKey:@"items"]; NSMutableArray *menuItems = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (int j=0; j<[items count]; j++){ MenuItem *menuItem = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"MenuItem" inManagedObjectContext:[self managedObjectContext]]; NSDictionary *item = [items objectAtIndex:j]; menuItem.name = [item objectForKey:@"name"]; menuItem.price = [item objectForKey:@"price"]; menuItem.image = [item objectForKey:@"image"]; menuItem.details = [item objectForKey:@"details"]; [menuItems addObject:menuItem]; } [menuCategory setValue:menuItems forKey:@"menuItems"]; [menuCategories addObject:menuCategory]; [menuItems release]; } if (![[self managedObjectContext] save:&error]) { NSLog(@"An error occurred: %@", [error localizedDescription]); }

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  • What is the most idiomatic way to emulating Perl's Test::More::done_testing?

    - by DVK
    I have to build unit tests for in environment with a very old version of Test::More (perl5.8 with $Test::More::VERSION being '0.80') which predates the addition of done_testing(). Upgrading to newer Test::More is out of the question for practical reasons. And I am trying to avoid using no_tests - it's generally a bad idea not catching when your unit test exits prematurely - say due to some logic not executing when you expected it to. What is the most idiomatic way of running a configurable amount of tests, assuming no no_tests or done_testing() is used? Details: My unit tests usually take the form of: use Test::More; my @test_set = ( [ "Test #1", $param1, $param2, ... ] ,[ "Test #1", $param1, $param2, ... ] # ,... ); foreach my $test (@test_set) { run_test($test); } sub run_test { # $expected_tests += count_tests($test); ok(test1($test)) || diag("Test1 failed"); # ... } The standard approach of use Test::More tests => 23; or BEGIN {plan tests => 23} does not work since both are obviously executed before @tests is known. My current approach involves making @tests global and defining it in the BEGIN {} block as follows: use Test::More; BEGIN { our @test_set = (); # Same set of tests as above my $expected_tests = 0; foreach my $test (@tests) { my $expected_tests += count_tests($test); } plan tests = $expected_tests; } our @test_set; # Must do!!! Since first "our" was in BEGIN's scope :( foreach my $test (@test_set) { run_test($test); } # Same sub run_test {} # Same I feel this can be done more idiomatically but not certain how to improve. Chief among the smells is the duplicate our @test_test declarations - in BEGIN{} and after it. Another approach is to emulate done_testing() by calling Test::More->builder->plan(tests=>$total_tests_calculated). I'm not sure if it's any better idiomatically-wise.

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  • C++ Vector vs Array (Time)

    - by vsha041
    I have got here two programs with me, both are doing exactly the same task. They are just setting an boolean array / vector to the value true. The program using vector takes 27 seconds to run whereas the program involving array with 5 times greater size takes less than 1 s. I would like to know the exact reason as to why there is such a major difference ? Are vectors really that inefficient ? Program using vectors #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <ctime> using namespace std; int main(){ const int size = 2000; time_t start, end; time(&start); vector<bool> v(size); for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < size; j++){ v[i] = true; } } time(&end); cout<<difftime(end, start)<<" seconds."<<endl; } Runtime - 27 seconds Program using Array #include <iostream> #include <ctime> using namespace std; int main(){ const int size = 10000; // 5 times more size time_t start, end; time(&start); bool v[size]; for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < size; j++){ v[i] = true; } } time(&end); cout<<difftime(end, start)<<" seconds."<<endl; } Runtime - < 1 seconds Platform - Visual Studio 2008 OS - Windows Vista 32 bit SP 1 Processor Intel(R) Pentium(R) Dual CPU T2370 @ 1.73GHz Memory (RAM) 1.00 GB Thanks Amare

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  • Twisted + SQLAlchemy and the best way to do it.

    - by Khorkrak
    So I'm writing yet another Twisted based daemon. It'll have an xmlrpc interface as usual so I can easily communicate with it and have other processes interchange data with it as needed. This daemon needs to access a database. We've been using SQL Alchemy in place of hard coding SQL strings for our latest projects - those mostly done for web apps in Pylons. We'd like to do the same for this app and re-use library code that makes use of SQL Alchemy. So what to do? Well of course since that library was written for use in a Pylons app it's all the straight-forward blocking style code that everyone is accustomed to and all of the non-blocking is magically handled by Pylons via threading, thread locals, scoped sessions and so on. So now for Twisted I guess I'm a bit stuck. I could: Just write the sql I need directly if it's minimal and use the dbapi pool in twisted to do runInteractions etc when I need to hit the db. Use the objects and inherently blocking methods in our library and block now and then in my Twisted daemon. Bah. Use sAsync which was last updated in 2008 and kind of reuse the models we have defined already but not really and it does address code that needs to work in Pylons either. Does that even work with the latest version SQL Alchemy? Who knows. That project looked great though - why was it apparently abandoned? Spawn a separate subprocess and have it deal with the library code and all it's blocking, the results being returned back to my daemon when ready as objects marshalled via YAML over xmlrpc. Use deferToThread and then expunge the objects returned having made sure to do eager loads so that I have all my stuff that I might need. Seems kind of ugha to me. I'm also stuck using Python 2.5.4 atm so no 2.6 yet and I don't think I can just do an import from future to get access to the cool new multiprocessing module stuff in there. That's OK though I guess as we've got dealing with interprocess communication down pretty well. So I'm leaning towards option 4 mostly as that would avoid the mortal sin of logic duplication with option 1 while also staying the heck away from threads. Any better ideas?

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  • How do i know in the detail view what cell in tableview was selected?

    - by Daniel Rotaru
    how can i know what tableview cell was selected?(being in the detail view) The problem is that. I have an table view controller. Here are parsed from the internet entries to the table. So it's a dynamic tabe view that loads from internet. I will not know how many entries will be in the table so i will not know what details view to call when i click a row. So i have maked one view. This view contains an calendar. On this calendar(wich is the detail iew) i will parse data from internet depending on the selected row. For exemple: i have table: entry 1, entry 2,entry 3,entry 4 When i click entry 2 i need to call a php with the argument entry 2. The php will know what entry on the table i have selected and will generate me the correct xml that i will parse. Here is my tableview didSelectRow function: - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { // Navigation logic -- create and push a new view controller if(bdvController == nil) bdvController = [[BookDetailViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"BookDetailView" bundle:[NSBundle mainBundle]]; Villa *aVilla = [appDelegate.villas objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:bdvController animated:YES] And here is my self view function on detailviewcontroller: -(void)loadView { [super loadView]; self.title=@"Month" UIBarButtonItem *addButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"ListView" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:self action:@selector(add:)]; self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = addButtonItem; calendarView = [[[KLCalendarView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, 320.0f, 373.0f) delegate:self] autorelease]; appDelegate1 = (XMLAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; myTableView=[[UITableView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 260, 320, 160)style:UITableViewStylePlain]; myTableView.dataSource=self; myTableView.delegate=self; UIView *myHeaderView=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, myTableView.frame.size.width,2)]; myHeaderView.backgroundColor=[UIColor grayColor]; [myTableView setTableHeaderView:myHeaderView]; [self.view addSubview:myTableView]; [self.view addSubview:calendarView]; [self.view bringSubviewToFront:myTableView]; } I think that here in self load i need to make the if procedure.. If indexPath.row=x parse fisier.php?variabila=title_of_rowx but the question is how i know the indexPath variable?

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  • Android - dialer icon gets placed in recently used apps after finish()

    - by Donal Rafferty
    In my application I detect the out going call when a call is dialled from the dialer or contacts. This works fine and I then pop up a dialog saying I have detected the call and then the user presses a button to close the dialog which calls finish() on that activity. It all works fine except that when I then hold the home key to bring up the recently used apps the dialer icon is there. And when it is clicked the dialog is brought back into focus in the foreground when the dialog activity should be dead and gone and not be able to be brought back to the foreground. Here is a picture of what I mean. So two questions arise, why would the dialer icon be getting placed there and why would it be recalling my activity to the foreground? Here is the code for that Activity which has a dialog theme: public class CallDialogActivity extends Activity{ boolean isRecording; AudioManager audio_service; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.dialog); audio_service = (AudioManager) getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE); getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_BLUR_BEHIND); Bundle b = this.getIntent().getExtras(); String number = b.getString("com.networks.NUMBER"); String name = b.getString("com.networks.NAME"); TextView tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.voip) ; tv.setText(name); Intent service = new Intent(CallAudio.CICERO_CALL_SERVICE); startService(service); final Button stop_Call_Button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.widget35); this.setVolumeControlStream(AudioManager.STREAM_VOICE_CALL); stop_Call_Button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){ Intent service = new Intent(CallAudio._CALL_SERVICE); //this is for Android 1.5 (sets speaker going for a few seconds before shutting down) stopService(service); Intent setIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN); setIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME); setIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); startActivity(setIntent); finish(); isRecording = false; } }); final Button speaker_Button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.widget36); speaker_Button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){ public void onClick(View v){ if(true){ audio_service.setSpeakerphoneOn(false); } else{ audio_service.setSpeakerphoneOn(true); } } }); } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); } @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); } public void onCofigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) { super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig); } } It calls a service that uses AudioRecord to record from the Mic and AudioTrack to play it out the earpiece, nothing in the service to do with the dialler. Has anyone any idea why this might be happening?

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  • organizing unit test

    - by soulmerge
    I have found several conventions to housekeeping unit tests in a project and I'm not sure which approach would be suitable for our next PHP project. I am trying to find the best convention to encourage easy development and accessibility of the tests when reviewing the source code. I would be very interested in your experience/opinion regarding each: One folder for productive code, another for unit tests: This separates unit tests from the logic files of the project. This separation of concerns is as much a nuisance as it is an advantage: Someone looking into the source code of the project will - so I suppose - either browse the implementation or the unit tests (or more commonly: the implementation only). The advantage of unit tests being another viewpoint to your classes is lost - those two viewpoints are just too far apart IMO. Annotated test methods: Any modern unit testing framework I know allows developers to create dedicated test methods, annotating them (@test) and embedding them in the project code. The big drawback I see here is that the project files get cluttered. Even if these methods are separated using a comment header (like UNIT TESTS below this line) it just bloats the class unnecessarily. Test files within the same folders as the implementation files: Our file naming convention dictates that PHP files containing classes (one class per file) should end with .class.php. I could imagine that putting unit tests regarding a class file into another one ending on .test.php would render the tests much more present to other developers without tainting the class. Although it bloats the project folders, instead of the implementation files, this is my favorite so far, but I have my doubts: I would think others have come up with this already, and discarded this option for some reason (i.e. I have not seen a java project with the files Foo.java and FooTest.java within the same folder.) Maybe it's because java developers make heavier use of IDEs that allow them easier access to the tests, whereas in PHP no big editors have emerged (like eclipse for java) - many devs I know use vim/emacs or similar editors with little support for PHP development per se. What is your experience with any of these unit test placements? Do you have another convention I haven't listed here? Or am I just overrating unit test accessibility to reviewing developers?

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  • Distinguishing between failure and end of file in read loop

    - by celtschk
    The idiomatic loop to read from an istream is while (thestream >> value) { // do something with value } Now this loop has one problem: It will not distinguish if the loop terminated due to end of file, or due to an error. For example, take the following test program: #include <iostream> #include <sstream> void readbools(std::istream& is) { bool b; while (is >> b) { std::cout << (b ? "T" : "F"); } std::cout << " - " << is.good() << is.eof() << is.fail() << is.bad() << "\n"; } void testread(std::string s) { std::istringstream is(s); is >> std::boolalpha; readbools(is); } int main() { testread("true false"); testread("true false tr"); } The first call to testread contains two valid bools, and therefore is not an error. The second call ends with a third, incomplete bool, and therefore is an error. Nevertheless, the behaviour of both is the same. In the first case, reading the boolean value fails because there is none, while in the second case it fails because it is incomplete, and in both cases EOF is hit. Indeed, the program above outputs twice the same line: TF - 0110 TF - 0110 To solve this problem, I thought of the following solution: while (thestream >> std::ws && !thestream.eof() && thestream >> value) { // do something with value } The idea is to detect regular EOF before actually trying to extract the value. Because there might be whitespace at the end of the file (which would not be an error, but cause read of the last item to not hit EOF), I first discard any whitespace (which cannot fail) and then test for EOF. Only if I'm not at the end of file, I try to read the value. For my example program, it indeed seems to work, and I get TF - 0100 TF - 0110 So in the first case (correct input), fail() returns false. Now my question: Is this solution guaranteed to work, or was I just (un-)lucky that it happened to give the desired result? Also: Is there a simpler (or, if my solution is wrong, a correct) way to get the desired result?

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  • Achieving C# "readonly" behavior in C++

    - by Tommy Fisk
    Hi guys, this is my first question on stack overflow, so be gentle. Let me first explain the exact behavior I would like to see. If you are familiar with C# then you know that declaring a variable as "readonly" allows a programmer to assign some value to that variable exactly once. Further attempts to modify the variable will result in an error. What I am after: I want to make sure that any and all single-ton classes I define can be predictably instantiated exactly once in my program (more details at the bottom). My approach to realizing my goal is to use extern to declare a global reference to the single-ton (which I will later instantiate at a time I choose. What I have sort of looks like this, namespace Global { extern Singleton& mainInstance; // not defined yet, but it will be later! } int main() { // now that the program has started, go ahead and create the singleton object Singleton& Global::mainInstance = Singleton::GetInstance(); // invalid use of qualified name Global::mainInstance = Singleton::GetInstance(); // doesn't work either :( } class Singleton { /* Some details ommited */ public: Singleton& GetInstance() { static Singleton instance; // exists once for the whole program return instance; } } However this does not really work, and I don't know where to go from here. Some details about what I'm up against: I'm concerned about threading as I am working on code that will deal with game logic while communicating with several third-party processes and other processes I will create. Eventually I would have to implement some kind of synchronization so multiple threads could access the information in the Singleton class without worry. Because I don't know what kinds of optimizations I might like to do, or exactly what threading entails (never done a real project using it), I was thinking that being able to predictably control when Singletons were instantiated would be a Good Thing. Imagine if Process A creates Process B, where B contains several Singletons distributed against multiple files and/or libraries. It could be a real nightmare if I can not reliably ensure the order these singleton objects are instantiated (because they could depend on each other, and calling methods on a NULL object is generally a Bad Thing). If I were in C# I would just use the readonly keyword, but is there any way I can implement this (compiler supported) behavior in C++? Is this even a good idea? Thanks for any feedback.

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  • Mutable objects and hashCode

    - by robert
    Have the following class: public class Member { private int x; private long y; private double d; public Member(int x, long y, double d) { this.x = x; this.y = y; this.d = d; } @Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31; int result = 1; result = prime * result + x; result = (int) (prime * result + y); result = (int) (prime * result + Double.doubleToLongBits(d)); return result; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (this == obj) { return true; } if (obj instanceof Member) { Member other = (Member) obj; return other.x == x && other.y == y && Double.compare(d, other.d) == 0; } return false; } public static void main(String[] args) { Set<Member> test = new HashSet<Member>(); Member b = new Member(1, 2, 3); test.add(b); System.out.println(b.hashCode()); b.x = 0; System.out.println(b.hashCode()); Member first = test.iterator().next(); System.out.println(test.contains(first)); System.out.println(b.equals(first)); System.out.println(test.add(first)); } } It produces the following results: 30814 29853 false true true Because the hashCode depends of the state of the object it can no longer by retrieved properly, so the check for containment fails. The HashSet in no longer working properly. A solution would be to make Member immutable, but is that the only solution? Should all classes added to HashSets be immutable? Is there any other way to handle the situation? Regards.

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