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• Is it important to reboot Linux after a kernel update?

  - by lfaraone

  I have a few production Fedora and Debian webservers that host our sites as well as user shell accounts (used for git vcs work, some screen+irssi sessions, etc). Occasionally a new kernel update will come down the pipeline in yum/apt-get, and I was wondering if most of the fixes are severe enough to warrant a reboot, or if I can apply the fixes sans reboot. Our main development server currently has 213 days of uptime, and I wasn't sure if it was insecure to run such an older kernel.

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• What is more important when extracting rars cpu or hdd?

  - by ULTRA_POROV

  When i am extracting big rars it takes forever. However when i look in the task man cpu usage is only about 16%. I am thinking that the hdd is the bottleneck, or maybe not? The hdd is an average 7200 rpm seagate. Some know more about this?

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• I lost my CSS Codes of my important Website, Why?

  - by Hooshkar

  Very weird, i had opened notepad ++ and working on my CSS codes for my website, suddenly my little niece unplugged the computer, when i re-start the computer and opened again the same CSS codes file in notepad ++, so all i am seeing is "NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL" there is no codes, all lost. I opened the same CSS codes file in other editors and its all empty no codes.. is there a way to fix it, because it was my hard work. and what can be the cause? Thank you.

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• For web development which is more important - CPU and Graphics card OR Ram and SSD Harddrive?

  - by adam

  Buying a laptop is always hard work and questions about specific models dont age well on forums. A popular dilema (especially with apple macbooks) is whether to spend more for a faster cpu and graphics card but settle for standard ram and hd OR drop down and spend the savings on more ram and a faster harddrive such as a ssd. Im wondering for web development i.e. ide, unit tests, photoshop work and some user testing screen capturing now and again what would provide better performance. ( No games, music production or spielberg standard video editing.) For examples sake the current apple lineup for their 15inch macbookpros. 2.66 cpu i7 4gb ram 5400rpm drive 4gig ram vs 2.4 cpu i5 8gb ram 124gb sdd roughly the same price.

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• For a primary key of an integral type, why is it important to avoid gaps ?

  - by Jacques René Mesrine

  I am generating a surrogate key for a table & due to my hi/lo algorithm, everytime you reboot/restart the machine, gaps may appear. T1: current hi = 10000000 (sequence being dished out .. 1 to 100) Assume that current sequence is 10000050 T2: restart system. T3: System gives out the next_hi as 10000100 (sequence being dished out now ranges from 101 to 200) T4: Next request for a key returns 100001001 From a primary key or indexing internals perspective, why is it important that there be no gaps in the sequences ? I'm asking this for a deeper understanding of mysql specifically. Thanks

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• Which are the most important media queries to use in creating mobile responsive design?

  - by Matt

  There are a lot different media queries for mobile screen sizes. It can be overwhelming to accomodate all of them when designing a responsive mobile site. Which are the most important ones to use when designing for mobile? I found this article that does a pretty good job of outlining the available media queries: http://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/media-queries-for-standard-devices/. /* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */ @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { /* Styles */ } /* Smartphones (landscape) ----------- */ @media only screen and (min-width : 321px) { /* Styles */ } /* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */ @media only screen and (max-width : 320px) { /* Styles */ } /* iPads (portrait and landscape) ----------- */ @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) { /* Styles */ } /* iPads (landscape) ----------- */ @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape) { /* Styles */ } /* iPads (portrait) ----------- */ @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) { /* Styles */ } /* Desktops and laptops ----------- */ @media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) { /* Styles */ } /* Large screens ----------- */ @media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) { /* Styles */ } /* iPhone 4 ----------- */ @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) { /* Styles */ }

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• How important is caching for a site's speed with PHP?

  - by benhowdle89

  I've just made a user-content orientated website http://www.humanisms.co.uk Its done in PHP, MySQL and jQuery's AJAX, at the moment there is only a dozen or so submissions and already i can feel it lagging slightly when it goes to a new page (therefore running a new mysql query) Is it most important for me to try and optimise my mysql queries (by prepared statements) or is it worth in looking at CDN's (amazon s3) and caching (much like the WordPress plugin WP Super Cache) which works by serving static HTML files when there hasnt been new content submitted. Which route is the most beneficial, for me as a developer, to take, ie. where am i better off concentrating my efforts to speed up the site?

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• Private vs. Public members in practice (how important is encapsulation?)

  - by Asmor

  One of the biggest advantages of object-oriented programming is encapsulation, and one of the "truths" we've (or, at least, I've) been taught is that members should always be made private and made available via accessor and mutator methods, thus ensuring the ability to verify and validate the changes. I'm curious, though, how important this really is in practice. In particular, if you've got a more complicated member (such as a collection), it can be very tempting to just make it public rather than make a bunch of methods to get the collection's keys, add/remove items from the collection, etc. Do you follow the rule in general? Does your answer change depending on whether it's code written for yourself vs. to be used by others? Are there more subtle reasons I'm missing for this obfuscation?

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• How can I get `find` to ignore .svn directories?

  - by John Kugelman

  I often use the find command to search through source code, delete files, whatever. Annoyingly, because Subversion stores duplicates of each file in its .svn/text-base/ directories my simple searches end up getting lots of duplicate results. For example, I want to recursively search for uint in multiple messages.h and messages.cpp files: # find -name 'messages.*' -exec grep -Iw uint {} + ./messages.cpp: Log::verbose << "Discarding out of date message: id " << uint(olderMessage.id) ./messages.cpp: Log::verbose << "Added to send queue: " << *message << ": id " << uint(preparedMessage->id) ./messages.cpp: Log::error << "Received message with invalid SHA-1 hash: id " << uint(incomingMessage.id) ./messages.cpp: Log::verbose << "Received " << *message << ": id " << uint(incomingMessage.id) ./messages.cpp: Log::verbose << "Sent message: id " << uint(preparedMessage->id) ./messages.cpp: Log::verbose << "Discarding unsent message: id " << uint(preparedMessage->id) ./messages.cpp: for (uint i = 0; i < 10 && !_stopThreads; ++i) { ./.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base: Log::verbose << "Discarding out of date message: id " << uint(olderMessage.id) ./.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base: Log::verbose << "Added to send queue: " << *message << ": id " << uint(preparedMessage->id) ./.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base: Log::error << "Received message with invalid SHA-1 hash: id " << uint(incomingMessage.id) ./.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base: Log::verbose << "Received " << *message << ": id " << uint(incomingMessage.id) ./.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base: Log::verbose << "Sent message: id " << uint(preparedMessage->id) ./.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base: Log::verbose << "Discarding unsent message: id " << uint(preparedMessage->id) ./.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base: for (uint i = 0; i < 10 && !_stopThreads; ++i) { ./virus/messages.cpp:void VsMessageProcessor::_progress(const string &fileName, uint scanCount) ./virus/messages.cpp:ProgressMessage::ProgressMessage(const string &fileName, uint scanCount) ./virus/messages.h: void _progress(const std::string &fileName, uint scanCount); ./virus/messages.h: ProgressMessage(const std::string &fileName, uint scanCount); ./virus/messages.h: uint _scanCount; ./virus/.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base:void VsMessageProcessor::_progress(const string &fileName, uint scanCount) ./virus/.svn/text-base/messages.cpp.svn-base:ProgressMessage::ProgressMessage(const string &fileName, uint scanCount) ./virus/.svn/text-base/messages.h.svn-base: void _progress(const std::string &fileName, uint scanCount); ./virus/.svn/text-base/messages.h.svn-base: ProgressMessage(const std::string &fileName, uint scanCount); ./virus/.svn/text-base/messages.h.svn-base: uint _scanCount; How can I tell find to ignore the .svn directories?

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• How important is PhD research topic to getting a job?

  - by thornate

  EDIT: This has been closed and I realise that I may not have been specific enough with the original title. I ask two questions here: The general one (Does a PhD help get a job?) which has been asked elsewhere, and the specific one (Is it possible to get work outside of the specific research field?). Assume I've already decided going to do the phd. I'm just stressing about the research topic. Well, I'm one year out of university (Mechatronics engineering and Software Eng double bachelors), worked for a few months then got retrenched (yay economy!). It's looking less and less likely that I'll get a job worth having with the job market as it is, so I'm thinking about going back to uni to do a PhD. I figure that by the time I'm done, the job market will have improved and hopefully I'll have something on my resume that is more attractive than spending three years doing customer support for accounting software. So, my question is to people who've done PhD's. Would you say that they were worth the effort? How important is the research topic to future job-seeking success? The idea I have is a computer-sciencey/neural-networks/data-mining thing which I think is very interesting, but not a field I want to be in forever. My potential supervisor claims that employers don't care so much about the topic of the research but rather the peripheral skills that are developed through a PhD; time managment, self-restraint, planning and whatnot. How does this mesh with people's real world experience? I'd appreciate any advice before signing my life on the line for the next three years. See also: Should developers go to grad school? Best reason not to hire a PhD? How to find an entry-level job after you already have a graduate degree?

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• How important is it to use SSL on every page of your website?

  - by Mark

  Recently I installed a certificate on the website I'm working on. I've made as much of the site as possible work with HTTP, but after you log in, it has to remain in HTTPS to prevent session hi-jacking, doesn't it? Unfortunately, this causes some problems with Google Maps; I get warnings in IE saying "this page contains insecure content". I don't think we can afford Google Maps Premier right now to get their secure service. It's sort of an auction site so it's fairly important that people don't get charged for things they didn't purchase because some hacker got into their account. All payments are done through PayPal though, so I'm not saving any sort of credit card info, but I am keeping personal contact information. Fraudulent charges could be reversed fairly easily if it ever came to that. What do you guys suggest I do? Should I take the bulk of the site off HTTPS and just secure certain pages like where ever you enter your password, and that's it? That's what our competition seems to do.

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• How important is the programming language when you choose a new job?

  - by Luhmann

  We are currently hiring at the company where I work, and here the codebase is in VB.Net. We are worried that we miss out on a lot of brilliant programmers, who would never ever consider working with VB.Net. My own background is Java and C#, and I was somewhat sceptical as to whether it would work out with VB, as - to be honest - i didn't care much for VB. After a month or so, I was completely fluent in VB, and a few months later i discovered to my surprise, that I actually like VB. I still code my free time projects in C# and Boo though. So my question is firstly, how important is language for you, when you choose a new programming job? Lets say if its a great company, salary is good, and generally an attractive work-place. Would you say no to the perfect job, if the language wasn't your preferred dialect? VB or C# is one thing, but how about Java or C# etc. Secondly if the best developers won't join your company because of your language or platform, would you consider changing, to get the right people? (This is not a language bashing thread, so please no religious language wars) NB: This is Community Wiki

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• How important is the .NET programming language when you choose a new job?

  - by Luhmann

  We are currently hiring at the company where I work, and here the codebase is in VB.Net. We are worried that we miss out on a lot of brilliant programmers, who would never ever consider working with VB.Net. My own background is Java and C#, and I was somewhat sceptical as to whether it would work out with VB, as - to be honest - i didn't care much for VB. After a month or so, I was completely fluent in VB, and a few months later i discovered to my surprise, that I actually like VB. I still code my free time projects in C# and Boo though. So my question is firstly, how important is language for you, when you choose a new programming job? Lets say if its a great company, salary is good, and generally an attractive work-place. Would you say no to the perfect job, if the language wasn't your preferred dialect? VB or C# is one thing, but how about Java or C# etc. Secondly if the best developers won't join your company because of your language or platform, would you consider changing, to get the right people? (This is not a language bashing thread, so please no religious language wars) NB: This is Community Wiki

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• How important is it that models be consistent across project components?

  - by RonLugge

  I have a project with two components, a server-side component and a client-side component. For various reasons, the client-side device doesn't carry a fully copy of the database around. How important is it that my models have a 1:1 correlation between the two sides? And, to extend the question to my bigger concern, are there any time-bombs I'm going to run into down the line if they don't? I'm not talking about having different information on each side, but rather the way the information is encapsulated will vary. (Obviously, storage mechanisms will also vary) The server side will store each user, each review, each 'item' with seperate tables, and create links between them to gather data as necessary. The client side shouldn't have a complete user database, however, so rather than link against the user for gathering things like 'name', I'd store that on the review. In other words... --- Server Side --- Item: +id //Store stuff about the item User: +id +Name -Password Review: +id +itemId +rating +text +userId --- Device Side --- Item: +id +AverageRating Review: +id +rating +text +userId +name User: +id +Name //Stuff The basic idea is that certain 'critical' information gets moved one level 'up'. A user gets the list of 'items' relevant to their query, with certain review-orientation moved up (i. e. average rating). If they want more info, they query the detail view for the item, and the actual reviews get queried and added to the dataset (and displayed). If they query the actual review, the review gets queried and they pick up some additional user info along the way (maybe; I'm not sure if the user would have any use for any of the additional user information). My basic concern is that I don't wan't to glut the user's bandwidth or local storage with a huge variety of information that they just don't need, even if proper database normalizations suggests that information REALLY should be stored at a 'lower' level. I've phrased this as a fairly low-level conceptual issue because that's the level I'm trying to think / worry over, but if it matters I'm creating a PHP / MySQL server that provides data for a iOS / CoreData client.

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• Which is more important in a web application code promotion hierarchy? production environment to repo equivalence or unidirectional propagation?

  - by ghbarratt

  Lets say you have a code promotion hierarchy consisting of several environments, (the polar end) two of which are development (dev) and production (prod). Lets say you also have a web application where important (but not developer controlled) files are created (and perhaps altered) in the production environment. Lets say that you (or someone above you) decided that the files which are controlled/created/altered/deleted in the production environment needed to go into the repository. Which of the following two sets of practice / approaches do you find best: Committing these non-developed file modifications made in the production environment so that the repository reflects the production environment as closely and as often as possible. Generally ignoring the non-developed production environment alterations, placing confidence in backups to restore the production environment should it be harmed, and keeping a resolution to avoid pushing developments through the promotion hierarchy in the reverse direction (avoiding pushing from prod to dev), only committing the files found in the production environment if they were absolutely necessary in other environments for development. So, 1 or 2, and why? PS - I am currently slightly biased toward maintaining production environment to repository equivalence (option 1), but I keep an open mind and would accept an answer supporting either.

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• Recursively CVS add files/directories and ignore existing CVS files.

  - by meder

  There's a similar post @ http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5071/how-to-add-cvs-directories-recursively However, trying out some of the answers such as: find . -type f -print0| xargs -0 cvs add Gave: cvs add: cannot open CVS/Entries for reading: No such file or directory cvs [add aborted]: no repository And find . \! -name 'CVS' -and \! -name 'Entries' -and \! -name 'Repository' -and \! -name 'Root' -print0| xargs -0 cvs add Gave: cvs add: cannot add special file `.'; skipping Does anyone have a more thorough solution to recursively adding new files to a CVS module? It would be great if I could alias it too in ~/.bashrc or something along those lines. And yes, I do know that it is a bit dated but I'm forced to work with it for a certain project otherwise I'd use git/hg.

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• In linux, is there a way to set a default permission for newly created files and directories under a

  - by David Dean

  I have a bunch of long-running scripts and applications that are storing output results in a directory shared amongst a few users. I would like a way to make sure that every file and directory created under this shared directory automatically had u=rwxg=rwxo=r permissions. I know that I could use umask 006 at the head off my various scripts, but I don't like that approach as many users write their own scripts and may forget to set the umask themselves. I really just want the filesystem to set newly created files and directories with a certain permission if it is in a certain folder. Is this at all possible? Update: I think it can be done with POSIX ACLs, using the Default ACL functionality, but it's all a bit over my head at the moment. If anybody can explain how to use Default ACLs it would probably answer this question nicely.

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• What is the most efficient way to list all of the files in a directory (including sub-directories)?

  - by prometheus

  I am writing a servlet which will examine a directory on the server (external to the web container), and recursively search for certain files (by certain files, I mean files that are of a certain extension as well as a certain naming convention). Once these files are found, the servlet responds with a long list of all of the found files (including the full path to the files). My problem is that there are so many files and directories that my servlet goes extremely slow. I was wondering if there was a best practice or existing servlet for this type of problem? Would it be more efficient to simply compile the entire list of files and do the filtering via js/jquery on the client side?

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• Create fake subdirectories with htaccess and php AND keep existing directories as is.

  - by Arseni

  I have a website, which has numerous subdirectories already. (All existing in server's filesystem) I want to create new "virtual" sub-dirs with htaccess, but I only want the htaccess rule work for directories, listed in DB, and not existing in filesystem. i.e. File system has: /dir1/ & /dir2/ MySQL database has record for 'dir3' & 'dir4' And I want: A: mysite.com/dir1/ and mysite.com/dir2/ display existing old content B: mysite.com/dir3/ and mysite.com/dir4/ display content from MySQL provided by PHP sctipt via redirect like: mysite.com/myscript.php?dir=dir3 C: mysite.com/dir5/ display 404 error (Dir does not exist in DB nor in Database) Basically I want .htaccess to work like this: IF DIR Exists in DB - apply the rewrite rule and show content from myscript.php?dir=DIR ELSE don't apply any rule. I can create a separate php script, which can return 0/1 when given dir name exist in DB or not, but how do I make mod_rewrite get the data from that script? Is it possible with htaccess/PHP at all?

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• Linux shell to restrict sftp users to their home directories?

  - by hfidgen

  I need to give SFTP access to a directory within my webroot on my server. I've set up ben_files as a user and have set his/her home directory to /var/www/vhosts/mydomain.com/files That's all fine if he/she connects with plain old FTP - he's/she's restricted just to that directory, but to enable SFTP I had to add him/her to bin/bash shell, which suddenly opens up my entire server... Is there a way of giving him/her SFTP access but without opening up all my directories? I'd really like him restricted to only his/her home ;)

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• databind a DropDownList control with a list of all sub directories that exist in a particular direct

  - by sushant

  I am wanting to databind a DropDownList control with a list of all sub directories that exist in a particular directory on the server. The directory I want to search is in the root of the application. I am fairly new to programming and I'm not sure where to even start. I found this code on a website: Dim root As String = "C;\" Dim folders() As String = Directory.GetDirectories(root) Dim sb As New StringBuilder(2048) Dim f As String For Each f In folders Dim foldername As String = Path.GetFileName(f) sb.Append("<option>") sb.Append(foldername) sb.Append("</option>") Next Label3.Text = "<select runat=""sever"" id=""folderlist""" & sb.ToString() & "</select>" I guess this is vb. but my tool is in asp, so is their something similar in vbscript so that I can use it.

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• How to create a zip file and keep entries for directories?

  - by NathanZ

  I would like to create a zip archive from a folder and keep entries for (non-empty) directories. In the code below, FileInputStream throws a FileNotFoundException when a directory is passed to AddToZip. I have tried to put a condition around the actual writing of bytes but it makes the whole archive invalid. How can I add directory entries to the archive? public static void addToZip(File directoryToZip, File file, ZipOutputStream zos) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { String zipFilePath = file.getCanonicalPath().substring(directoryToZip.getCanonicalPath().length() + 1,file.getCanonicalPath().length()); System.out.println("Writing '" + zipFilePath + "' to zip file"); ZipEntry zipEntry = new ZipEntry(zipFilePath); zos.putNextEntry(zipEntry); FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); // Throws a FileNotFoundException when directory byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; int length; while ((length = fis.read(bytes)) >= 0) { zos.write(bytes, 0, length); } zos.closeEntry(); fis.close(); }

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• Ubuntu One Sync as a File Backup Solution?

  - by Jeff

  I was hoping to utilize Ubuntu One and in particular, the syncing feature within Ubuntu One to provide offsite backup for some of my files. My intention was to mark any of my folders that have important files as 'folders to synchronize' to Ubuntu One. It works great in that whenever an important file is placed in the folder, the file is copied up to Ubuntu One (hence creating a backup). However, if any of these important files are lost or accidently deleted from my computer then due to the synchronization it is also immediately deleted from Ubuntu One. This approach does not work very well to provide backup. On one hand I really like the automatic way in which the synch feature will upload any of my important files to Ubuntu One but on the other hand if I lose the file on my computer it will likely be taken off of the cloud as well (via synchronization). What approach are others taking to backup their important files to Ubuntu One? I didn't want to have to manually upload my important files to Ubuntu One and remember to upload other important files as they are created on my computer. Your thoughts and suggestions are greatly appreciated.

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• What is the proper way to set my drawable directories to support the new Dell Streak without losing support for older devices?

  - by emmby

  This seems to be a widespread problem. I have the following drawable directories: drwxr-xr-x 18 mike staff 612 Feb 4 17:28 drawable/ drwxr-xr-x 51 mike staff 1734 Feb 4 17:32 drawable-nodpi/ drwxr-xr-x 44 mike staff 1496 Feb 4 17:30 drawable-normal-mdpi/ My xml drawable resources are in drawable. My resources intended for the large-mdpi (Dell Streak) and normal-hdpi (Droid, Nexus, Incredible, etc.) are all in drawable-nodpi. My resources for normal-mdpi (older phones like the G1) are in drawable-normal-mdpi. Unfortunately, the normal-hdpi phones like the Droid are pulling their resources from drawable-normal-mdpi instead of from drawable-nodpi. This is likely because of the rules in How Android Finds the Best-matching Resource. So the question is, how do I provide support for large-mdpi devices like the Streak along with normal-hdpi devices like the Droid, as well as normal-mdpi devices like the G1? The simplest solution would probably be to make two copies of my large resources, one in normal-hdpi for the droid and one in large-mdpi for the streak, but i'd like to avoid duplicating all of these resources. Update Per Mayra's suggestion, I could make an alias for every resource. However, there are a lot of resources I'd have to make aliases for, which would make maintenance a nightmare going forward, so I'm hoping for another solution.

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• Looking for out-of-place directories in an SVN working copy?

  - by jthg

  An annoyance that I sometimes come across with SVN is the working copy getting corrupted by one of the .svn folders getting moved from its original location. It doesn't happen often if you're careful and use the proper tools for all moves and renames, but it still somehow happens from time to time. First, does anyone know if there's a good way to catch the problem before a commit is even done? Cruise control usually catches the problem, but there are plenty of cases it wouldn't catch. Second, is there a quick and easy way to check for out-of-place .svn folder if I suspect that there is one? I can definitely do it manually by deducing what directory is out of place based on the compiler errors or by diffing the working copy with another clean checkout. But, this seems like a problem that SVN can diagnose in a second by giving me a list of all directories whose parent directory in the working copy doesn't match its parent directory in the repository. There there some way to have SVN give me a list like that? Thanks.

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