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  • ext3: maximum recommended partition size / handling large partitions

    - by Hansi
    Hi! I would like to do an encrypted install of Ubuntu on a 2 Terabyte drive (i.e., using LUKS/DMcrypt). In order to not have to type in passwords too often, the partitioning scheme will be 50 GB for / and about 1 TB for /home (and the rest for Windows 7), just for clarity. Even though by now LVM is regarded as being stable, I don't want to bother having more room for errors by introducing unnecessary layers of complexity. For both Ubuntu partitions I want encrypted ext3 with the default blocksize of ext3 (4k?). Thoughts: When I look at most partition schemes here on this site or elsewhere, I usually see at most about 400 or 500 GB partitions (maybe I didn't see enough). There may be different reasons for this, but is reliability an issue here? Are larger ext3 partitions, like about 1 TB, harder to handle for the OS or filesystem driver or at some other level? If I make the partition too large, will it be harder to repair in case of corruptions? Are there some default settings for ext3 that I should change for 1 TB partitions? Question: What maximum partition size for ext3 do you recommend and why? Thanks!

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  • Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password) ssh error

    - by zentenk
    Heads up I'm a noob with linux and networking. I set up a ubuntu server and I have a static ip for my network. When I try to connect to the server at home (external), it prompts me to log in. I supply the correct password (or incorrect pw), I get the error Permission denied, please try again. and after 3 times I get Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password) I am however able to connect with SSH from another computer in the same network with ssh < internal ip of server > I'm connecting with mac os x and my config file is vanilla. Note: During installation of ubuntu it says I don't have a default route or something while doing auto network configuration, but I ignored it and continued the installation, could this be the problem? EDIT: I have tried the below, I have nothing in hosts.allow and also iptables shows the ports that I have allowed, which is 22. I checked the auth.log, and there is nothing when I connect to it remotely (even when it says permission denied). I have tried connecting to it internally and the correct authentication logs show. Any idea whats wrong?

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  • How do I install Photoshop CS2 in Wine w/ Creative Suite Installer?

    - by kellishaver
    I'm running Ubuntu 9.10 and wanted to install Photoshop CS2 in Wine (wine1.2). From what I've read, the Photoshop installer and application should both run fine. However, I don't have a specific installer for Photoshop. The setup program on the CD is for the entire Creative Suite 2 bundle. When I try to run it, I get through the splash screen, license agreement, and language selection screens, but when I click the button to start/customize the installation, the installer dies. The Photoshop CS 2 folder on the CD has two exe files, instmsia.exe and instmsiw.exe, and I tried those, hoping to find a stand-alone Photoshop installer, but neither work. I tried downloading a trial, but my license key is apparently for the entire bundle, because it didn't work. Does anyone know of a work-around for this or a way to make the Creative Suite installer work? I'm currently running Photoshop under a WinXP VM, but it would be nice to have the option of using it via Wine, so I don't have to boot the VM every time I want to edit an image (and also reading/writing to my Ubuntu shares is really slow in Virtualbox). Thanks!

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  • Can Dovecot IMAP automatically create Maildir folders for new (virtual) users?

    - by user233441
    everyone. I am learning to set up a dovecot home IMAP server using a virtual Ubuntu 12.04 machine. My intention is eventually to have a home server that uses POP3 to take email from several addresses and remove them from my ISP's servers, while making them accessible through a home IMAP server (this is similar to the setup described at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/POP3Aggregator, which explains how to set up the system with dovecot version 1, and is thus outdated). I intend to use the ISP's server directly when sending messages, and to BCC all sent messages to myself. I've completed the basic set up of the test server: getmail uses POP3 to fetch messages from two test email accounts, and successfully delivers them to the respective Maildir-style new folders on the virtual machine. Dovecot then successfully sees these messages. I have two questions: 1) I had to set up new, cur, and tmp folders for both of the test accounts manually to get this setup to work. Is there a way to get dovecot to create these Maildir folders automatically when I create a new virtual user account (e.g., when I add a user and password combination to my dovecot password file), or is it expected that I write a bash script to automate that task? 2) I would welcome any comments you have on how this approach could be improved as I learn to set it up. My motivations with this approach are 1) to enable archiving/storing emails from several hosting providers that impose a cap on server storage, and 2) to give me somewhat greater control over email storage without requiring that I set up and administrate a mail server from scratch (which I'm not yet prepared to do) (this follows the recommendations at https://ssd.eff.org/tech/email). Thank you!

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  • FTP account ownership on vhost directory makes Apache not run website correctly

    - by CodeShining
    I've purchased a virtual server, where I'm given of a non-root sudo-enabled user. Actually I do need to create an FTP account that's not that sudo-able account, so I created a no-login account just for that purpose. I've set up VSFTPd correctly, also enabling the "userlist" feature, to specify which user are permitted to use FTP. Then I created an empty directory under my sudo-able account, and I gave ownership permissions to the second account, so to make it more easy to understand, let's say the main account (the one I do use to manage my VPS) is called ubuntu and the FTP-user is named ftpuser, I created a directory /home/ubuntu/mywebsite giving the ownership to ftpuser:ftpuser. Then I uploaded a worpdress website, whose default permissions are 755 and 644. The issue is that Apache is not given of any privilege to run the website. How can I make the website run properly, and which is the most secure? Should I run that virtualhost with another user (if it's possible)? Should I force the FTP user to use the www-data group (if that's possible) and run with permissions like 775 and 664? How can I solve this issue? Any help is appreciated, I'd like to run it using the default permissions, so any update won't break up anything (because of permissions reset).

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  • Unnamed, hidden partitions on my 500 GB HD, HP Pavilion dm4 Laptop

    - by emotionull
    I have multiple doubts here. Its a Seagate 500GB 7200RPM HD. I had installed it few months back after my original Laptop HD stopped working. The current drives on my latop, as shown by the Windows Disk Management are: After installing the new HD, I had done a complete clean install of Windows 7 and I didn't create any parition myself, manually. So there are 4 drives. Even previously, before I installed this new HD, my laptop had 4 Partitions. But the there were no un-named partitions like the two in this case. The other two were HP tools and Recovery or something. It was pre-configured, Factory installed Windows. Also, now when I right cick on the unnamed Drives from Disk Management, all the options are greyed out (see image) except the delete partition image. So how do I know what's inside those partitions? Will it be ok if I delete them? I want install Ubuntu and dual boot it with my current windows installation. I cannot do it in current setup as there are already 4 partitions of my HD and if I will try to make a new partition, it will be a logical one (correct me if I am wrong here). So can I delete the un-named, hidden partitions and use them for Ubuntu? A bit unrelated question. As a backup option, can I use the Windows 7's Backup and Restore facility to keep a complete backup of all the drivers and system softwares.

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  • Multi-partition USB stick

    - by nightcracker
    In my freelance job as "the dude that fixes your computer" I have an extremely handy tool, a bootable USB stick with Ubuntu LiveCD that allows me to recover and investigate in a known, working environment. Now, I want to reformat this USB stick and reinstall with Casper-RW persistance. I did this a few times before with a FAT-formatted USB stick. It was a horror. The USB drive corrupted constantly, by people accidently removing the USB stick, the computer not properly shutting down, ETC. Now what I want to create a multi-partition USB stick so I can put Ubuntu on a ext partition, but still be able to store some Windows stuff in it, by having a secondary FAT partition. However I read somewhere that Windows will only check the first partition on USB sticks, giving a problem with the first bootable linux partition. Is this possible on some way? EDIT Perhaps it wasn't clear what the problem is. The problem is that I read somewhere that Windows will only recognize the first partition on a USB stick. But I want two partitions, a ext partition and a FAT partition. No issues so far, but in order to be bootable the ext partition must be the first one!

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  • How to change font size on display

    - by Tim
    My laptop is Lenovo T400, whose screen size is 14.1 inches and default resolution is 1440 x 900. My main OS is Ubuntu 10.10. The default font size on the display is somehow small, which might contribute to the fatigue of my eyes. My previous laptop is Acer 5000, whose screen size is 15.4 inches and the default resolution is 1024 x 768. I like reading on my old laptop better than on my new one. Is it possible to change the setting of my new one to look like reading my old one? What are the parameters that control the font size? Are screen size, resolution part of them? In Windows, there are choices for font size, while in Ubuntu I haven't find out where I can change the setting and would like know if someone here knows about it. I also wonder if I can use a separate bigger display (perhaps just like a desktop display) as the display of my laptop, in case I don't want to enlarge font size at the cost of sacrificing the amount of the content to display, and how I shall do it? Thanks and regards!

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  • iptables port redirection on Ubuntu

    - by Xi.
    I have an apache server running on 8100. When open http://localhost:8100 in browser we will see the site running correctly. Now I would like to direct all request on 80 to 8100 so that the site can be accessed without the port number. I am not familiar with iptables so I searched for solutions online. This is one of the methods that I have tried: user@ubuntu:~$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT user@ubuntu:~$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8100 -j ACCEPT user@ubuntu:~$ sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8100 It's not working. The site works on 8100 but it's not on 80. If print out the rules using "iptables -t nat -L -n -v", this is what I see: user@ubuntu:~$ sudo iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 14 packets, 2142 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 REDIRECT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 redir ports 8100 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 14 packets, 2142 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 177 packets, 13171 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 177 packets, 13171 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination The OS is a Ubuntu on a VMware. I thought this should be a simple task but I have been working on it for hours without success. :( What am I missing?

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  • solution for an offline server

    - by dashmug
    I'm trying to setup a development server at work that will ideally be able to test drive a couple of projects in PHP, Rails, or Django (not always running at the same time). I develop the apps locally on a Mac and then I'll put the projects up on this server for testing with my actual users (non-techies) before deploying to a production server. My problem is that we have a very poor internet connection (almost negligible) at work and doing the usual apt-get/yum/ports (make, clean, install) processes for setting up servers always get their packages from online repositories somewhere. I know I could probably download the source and then compile them myself but that's going to be too much of a hassle for me. I'm thinking about two solutions: Plan A: Run a server VM on my Mac and then use this VM as the source repository for the offline server. I've read about Ubuntu's apt-proxy and it seems to be good enough though I haven't tried it yet. I'm not sure if this is possible but can I simply do apt-get install nginx --downloadonly so that the package and its dependencies will be downloaded into my VM and my server can use the VM as the source repo for apt-get? Plan B: Run a server VM on my Mac (which I can setup/update easily when I'm home) and then clone the VM to the offline development server. Maybe I should simply make the server a VM host so I can simply copy the VM over. I think this is okay for the first-time setup but subsequent updates will take too long (cloning the VM image). If I was working on Windows, I imagine it'd be easier because most services have an installer file that I can download and then run at the server. If you could suggest another way, it would be much appreciated. Update: From Michael Hampton's answer, I found a possible solution which is apt-cacher. I also found this page on Ubuntu's website. I wonder if there is a better tool than this one.

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  • Compiz and Desktop Effects on Netbook with External Monitor

    - by Nerdfest
    I have an Acer Aspire One AO150 and am having trouble plugging in an external monitor under Ubuntu 9.10. There were no problems under 9.04. If I plug in an external monitor once the machine is already up, then bring up the 'display' application to activate it, it basically hangs. There are no problem under these circumstances if I have desktop effects turned off. I've seen a few mentions of this problem on the Ubuntu forums, but never a solid solution. Any ideas? A few more details after a question below. The machine does not respond to its keyboard commands to switch to an external monitor, nor does it respond to Ctrl-Alt-F1, etc to switch out of X. The pointer is visible on the monitors (at the edge of each) and is frozen as a 'busy' cursor, but with no animation. The kernel does respond to SysReq commands (REISUB). In the latest attempt I had the external monitor active earlier, then removed it and activated desktop effects. Upon plugging in the eternal monitor then bringing up the display application, it hangs.

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  • Hard Drive problem: is it the SATA controller or the HDD itself?

    - by Drooling_Sheep
    I have a Samsung 1.5TB hard drive hooked up to an ECS H55H-I mini-ITX motherboard. I have XBMC 10 (modified Ubuntu 10.04) installed for use as an HTPC. The hard drive encounters occasional errors during normal use which cause it to be remounted read-only. I have updated the BIOS on the motherboard, changed the SATA cable and moved it to different ports on the motherboard, installed and re-installed the OS (including different versions of XBMC and generic ubuntu), all to no avail. I recently ran tests both with badblocks -sv and smartctl -t long. Both reported no errors. This makes me think the motherboard or SATA controller is probably the issue. Does anyone know of any further tests I can do to help narrow this down? The processor is a Core i3. I forget the model number but it's one of the 32nm ones with on-package graphics. There's no discrete video card or optical drive. The power supply is a 150W Rosewill (pretty sure) that came with the case.

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  • unmanaged VPS account; Beginners questions

    - by pesar2
    I have a classified website which uses MySQL, PHP, Solr (java) etc etc... I wonder where I should start after purchasing a VPS package from my provider. There are first of all several packages, I am going with Linux because as far as I know it is the most stable system. But I have never used Linux before! What is Ubuntu, and which version of it should I get? Whats 64bit Ubuntu then? How do I install php, javascript, mysql, java and all that? What is debian, do I need it? What is apache, do I need that? And most importantly, what applications do I need, that I must have? (I mean applications which a beginner would never know was needed, what do you recommend?) After getting the vps, how do I even access it? Do I type in some kind of IP into the browser? Or is it by ftp program? How do I access the so called "terminal"? Please guide me, I am completely new to Linux and VPS! Thanks

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  • how to throttle http requests on a linux machine?

    - by hooraygradschool
    EDIT: here is the summery: i need to reduce max connections preferably system wide on Ubuntu 11.04 but at least within Google Chrome. i do not need or want to throttle bandwidth, Verizon seems to only care about the number of connections so that is all i want to change. also, i don't want to use firefox unless i have to, i have three other machines all using chrome and synced and i just prefer it over firefox. i use tethering for my home internet connection via my verizon cell phone. without paying for it. this works just fine for streaming netflix via my nintendo wii and pretty much every other conceivable use ive had for it. except, during heavy usage with multiple tabs open on my laptop, the network connection on my phone will just turn off, then on again, then off, but it never fully connects. i think, based on this and other questions that this is caused by verizon getting too many http requests from my phone. is there some software, script, setting or otherwise that would allow me to throttle my requests to say, 5 or 10 or whatever it turns out is 1 less than verizon is looking for, so that my cell's network connection is not lost? i would far prefer a slow down rather than complete shut off of my internet connection. i am almost certain is from quantity of requests and not related to data, because, as i mentioned, netflix will run all day without a hitch, and that uses more data than anything else i would be doing. if i had a router i am pretty sure there are settings i could easily change to only allow so many requests at a time ... but in this case, my phone is my router, so no settings. im using ubuntu 11.04 on my netbook with an htc incredible on verizon (not that the phone details are relevant) i have been trying to figure this out for quite some time, currently the only fix is ensure that all requests are stopped and then sometimes it works again, other times i have to manually turn my 3g service off and then back on. thank you so much for any assistance!

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  • VMware Player 5.0 or VMware Workstation 9.0 after upgrade to Ubuntu 12.10

    The upgrade process Upgrading Ubuntu 12.04 to latest version 12.10 - aka Quantal Quetzal - is straight forward and you only need to follow the offical upgrade instructions. Short version on the console looks like this: sudo do-release-upgrade This will update the repository entries, and start the upgrade process. After some minutes or hours of download and installation, you have to reboot your system once to get the new kernel loaded. As time of writing, I'm on '3.5.0-17-generic'. And as with any modification of the kernel version, you have to compile the necessary kernel modules to get VMware Player or Workstation up and running. Usually, this happens the first time you try start your VMware software and that's it. Well, again not so this time. Getting the kernel patch Luckily, the community over VMware is very active and you can get a new kernel patch in the online forums here. Get the download and put in a folder have write permissions. Then you extract the archive on the console like so: tar -xjvf vmware9_kernel35_patch.tar.bz2 Then you change into the newly created folder: cd vmware9_kernel3.5_patch/ And you execute the available shell script as root (superuser) like so: sudo ./patch-modules_3.5.0.sh This will stop any running instances of VMware software, patches the source files and runs the compile process for your active environment. This might take some time depending on your machine, and once completed you can start VMware Player or Workstation as previously. In case that you are going to apply the patch again, the script will simply quit with the following output: /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/.patched found. You have already patched your sources. Exiting You might remove the .patched file in case that you upgraded/changed your kernel and you need to apply the patch again. Disclaimer: The patch is "as-is" and the patcher is originally created by Artem S. Tashkinov, and later modified by An_tony. Please refer to the VMware forum in case of questions or problems. There are also patches available for older versions of VMware Player or Workstation.

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  • How can I recover data after mistakenly clean-installed 12.04 over 11.10?

    - by T.Kannan
    I recently got a Ubuntu 12.04 LTS i386 DVD Rom and Ubuntu 12.04 LTS alternate cd from the zyxware.com because I don't have a broadband personal connection at home, I am using only the office INTERNET. I have a Dell Inspiron Laptop core 2 duo Processor with 2GB Ram dual boot of Ubuntu 11.10 and Windows Vista. I tried to upgrade My existing fully equipped streamlined Ubuntu 11.10 OS with lot of documents and socialized application packages which have been frequently used by me for the last one year. First I tried to install upgradation from the Ubuntu 12.04 LTS alternate cd while ubuntu 11.10 is on, but every time I got a error message and I couldn't upgrade either thro desktop or through terminal. Then I tried Ubuntu 12.04 LTS i386 DVD the boot option to DVD, I tried to upgrade from existing 11.10 to 12.04 LTS Option, then Upgrading Installation started well and finally got a message Installation completed successfully, Asked for reboot, I rebooted then I have hot a Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Login and I logged on, I have got a big shock that there is everything washed away in the home folders ( all datas, Music collections and vedios etc), all the application installed early in 11.10 were gone nothing left. Now I have got only 12.04 LTS, even It is asking for me to update around 350 mb through net connection. How It was a crazy Ubuntu, It is not a up-gradation, new installation is not it? I loosed everthing, at the end I got the same desktop screen like Ubuntu 11.10. Anybody knows about what gone wrong and if any possibility to recover my datas? Please help me. I want to Know that which method is stable to Upgrade existing Ubunt11.10

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  • Making Thunar the default file browser without hiding the desktop icons

    - by Manu
    I really dislike Ubuntu's default file browser, nautilus, and decided to opt for a lighter alternative (Thunar or Xfe). I've used the following script to change the default to Thunar, but now all my icons are gone from the desktop ! The files are still there, in /home/myid/Desktop, but they do not appear. Is there a way to show them, or is this a consequence of removing nautilus as the default file browser ? Can I modify the following script* in order to keep the icons ? *copied from https://help.ubuntu.com/...: ## Originally written by aysiu from the Ubuntu Forums ## This is GPL'ed code ## So improve it and re-release it ## Define portion to make Thunar the default if that appears to be the appropriate action makethunardefault() { ## I went with --no-install-recommends because ## I didn't want to bring in a whole lot of junk, ## and Jaunty installs recommended packages by default. echo -e "\nMaking sure Thunar is installed\n" sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install thunar --no-install-recommends ## Does it make sense to change to the directory? ## Or should all the individual commands just reference the full path? echo -e "\nChanging to application launcher directory\n" cd /usr/share/applications echo -e "\nMaking backup directory\n" ## Does it make sense to create an entire backup directory? ## Should each file just be backed up in place? sudo mkdir nonautilusplease echo -e "\nModifying folder handler launcher\n" sudo cp nautilus-folder-handler.desktop nonautilusplease/ ## Here I'm using two separate sed commands ## Is there a way to string them together to have one ## sed command make two replacements in a single file? sudo sed -i -n 's/nautilus --no-desktop/thunar/g' nautilus-folder-handler.desktop sudo sed -i -n 's/TryExec=nautilus/TryExec=thunar/g' nautilus-folder-handler.desktop echo -e "\nModifying browser launcher\n" sudo cp nautilus-browser.desktop nonautilusplease/ sudo sed -i -n 's/nautilus --no-desktop --browser/thunar/g' nautilus-browser.desktop sudo sed -i -n 's/TryExec=nautilus/TryExec=thunar/g' nautilus-browser.desktop echo -e "\nModifying computer icon launcher\n" sudo cp nautilus-computer.desktop nonautilusplease/ sudo sed -i -n 's/nautilus --no-desktop/thunar/g' nautilus-computer.desktop sudo sed -i -n 's/TryExec=nautilus/TryExec=thunar/g' nautilus-computer.desktop echo -e "\nModifying home icon launcher\n" sudo cp nautilus-home.desktop nonautilusplease/ sudo sed -i -n 's/nautilus --no-desktop/thunar/g' nautilus-home.desktop sudo sed -i -n 's/TryExec=nautilus/TryExec=thunar/g' nautilus-home.desktop echo -e "\nModifying general Nautilus launcher\n" sudo cp nautilus.desktop nonautilusplease/ sudo sed -i -n 's/Exec=nautilus/Exec=thunar/g' nautilus.desktop ## This last bit I'm not sure should be included ## See, the only thing that doesn't change to the ## new Thunar default is clicking the files on the desktop, ## because Nautilus is managing the desktop (so technically ## it's not launching a new process when you double-click ## an icon there). ## So this kills the desktop management of icons completely ## Making the desktop pretty useless... would it be better ## to keep Nautilus there instead of nothing? Or go so far ## as to have Xfce manage the desktop in Gnome? echo -e "\nChanging base Nautilus launcher\n" sudo dpkg-divert --divert /usr/bin/nautilus.old --rename /usr/bin/nautilus && sudo ln -s /usr/bin/thunar /usr/bin/nautilus echo -e "\nRemoving Nautilus as desktop manager\n" killall nautilus echo -e "\nThunar is now the default file manager. To return Nautilus to the default, run this script again.\n" } restorenautilusdefault() { echo -e "\nChanging to application launcher directory\n" cd /usr/share/applications echo -e "\nRestoring backup files\n" sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus-folder-handler.desktop . sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus-browser.desktop . sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus-computer.desktop . sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus-home.desktop . sudo cp nonautilusplease/nautilus.desktop . echo -e "\nRemoving backup folder\n" sudo rm -r nonautilusplease echo -e "\nRestoring Nautilus launcher\n" sudo rm /usr/bin/nautilus && sudo dpkg-divert --rename --remove /usr/bin/nautilus echo -e "\nMaking Nautilus manage the desktop again\n" nautilus --no-default-window & ## The only change that isn't undone is the installation of Thunar ## Should Thunar be removed? Or just kept in? ## Don't want to load the script with too many questions? } ## Make sure that we exit if any commands do not complete successfully. ## Thanks to nanotube for this little snippet of code from the early ## versions of UbuntuZilla set -o errexit trap 'echo "Previous command did not complete successfully. Exiting."' ERR ## This is the main code ## Is it necessary to put an elseif in here? Or is ## redundant, since the directory pretty much ## either exists or it doesn't? ## Is there a better way to keep track of whether ## the script has been run before? if [[ -e /usr/share/applications/nonautilusplease ]]; then restorenautilusdefault else makethunardefault fi;

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  • When I shutdown the computer, it restarts

    - by Prabu
    I am unable to shutdown. Whenever I try to shutdown, it reboots. I am running Ubuntu 12.10. I have run the boot-repair and this is the result: Boot Info Script 0.61.full + Boot-Repair extra info [Boot-Info November 20th 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks in partition 1 for (,msdos1)/boot/grub. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.10 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 1,936,809,983 1,936,807,936 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1,936,812,030 1,953,523,711 16,711,682 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1,936,812,032 1,953,523,711 16,711,680 82 Linux swap / Solaris "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 squashfs /dev/sda1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ext4 /dev/sda5 6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781 swap /dev/sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 12.10 amd64 ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sr0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime) =========================== sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=10 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "${linux_gfx_mode}" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-19-generic-recovery-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-17-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-17-generic-advanced-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-17-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro quiet splash acpi=force $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.5.0-17-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.5.0-17-generic-recovery-229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa' { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.5.0-17-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic root=UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda1/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781 none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 200.155235291 = 214.915047424 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 40.280788422 = 43.251167232 boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-17-generic 1 2.468288422 = 2.650304512 boot/initrd.img-3.5.0-19-generic 1 200.149234772 = 214.908604416 boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-17-generic 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 boot/vmlinuz-3.5.0-19-generic 1 2.468288422 = 2.650304512 initrd.img 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 vmlinuz 1 1.990135193 = 2.136891392 vmlinuz.old 1 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== cat: write error: Broken pipe File descriptor 8 (/proc/6297/mounts) leaked on lvscan invocation. Parent PID 13390: bash No volume groups found ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : =================== log of boot-repair 2012-12-17__01h53 =================== boot-repair version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal boot-sav version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal glade2script version : 3.2.2~ppa45~quantal boot-sav-extra version : 3.197~ppa1~quantal boot-repair is executed in live-session (Ubuntu 12.10, quantal, Ubuntu, x86_64) CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- maybe-ubiquity =================== os-prober: /dev/sda1:Ubuntu 12.10 (12.10):Ubuntu:linux =================== blkid: /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sr0: LABEL="Ubuntu 12.10 amd64" TYPE="iso9660" /dev/sda1: UUID="229a5484-7659-4ce1-98ce-2f05f61a1ffa" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="6c6dca25-ab67-4de4-8602-26fdb6154781" TYPE="swap" 1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 0 Windows, 0 unknown type OS. Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary. DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently. =================== sda1/etc/default/grub : # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi=force" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" =================== sda1/etc/grub.d/ : drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 17 14:59 grub.d total 72 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7541 Oct 14 17:36 00_header -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5488 Oct 4 09:30 05_debian_theme -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10891 Oct 14 17:36 10_linux -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10258 Oct 14 17:36 20_linux_xen -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1688 Oct 11 14:10 20_memtest86+ -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10976 Oct 14 17:36 30_os-prober -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1426 Oct 14 17:36 30_uefi-firmware -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Oct 14 17:36 40_custom -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216 Oct 14 17:36 41_custom -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Oct 14 17:36 README =================== UEFI/Legacy mode: This live-session is not in EFI-mode. SecureBoot maybe enabled. =================== PARTITIONS & DISKS: sda1 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-pc , update-grub, 64, with-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, fstab-without-boot, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, apt-get, grub-install, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda1. sda : not-GPT, BIOSboot-not-needed, has-no-EFIpart, not-usb, has-os, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes =================== parted -l: Model: ATA ST1000DM003-1CH1 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 992GB 992GB primary ext4 boot 2 992GB 1000GB 8556MB extended 5 992GB 1000GB 8556MB logical linux-swap(v1) Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! =================== parted -lm: BYT; /dev/sda:1000GB:scsi:512:4096:msdos:ATA ST1000DM003-1CH1; 1:1049kB:992GB:992GB:ext4::boot; 2:992GB:1000GB:8556MB:::; 5:992GB:1000GB:8556MB:linux-swap(v1)::; Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! =================== mount: /cow on / type overlayfs (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) /dev/sr0 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime) /dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/ubuntu/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=ubuntu) /dev/sda1 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 type ext4 (rw) =================== ls: /sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda5 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /sys/block/sr0 (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /dev (filtered): alarm ashmem autofs binder block bsg btrfs-control bus cdrom cdrw char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri dvd dvdrw ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse fw0 hidraw0 hidraw1 hpet input kmsg kvm log mapper mcelog mei mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda5 sg0 sg1 shm snapshot snd sr0 stderr stdin stdout uinput urandom usb vga_arbiter vhost-net zero ls /dev/mapper: control =================== df -Th: Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /cow overlayfs 3.9G 100M 3.8G 3% / udev devtmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 864K 1.6G 1% /run /dev/sr0 iso9660 763M 763M 0 100% /cdrom /dev/loop0 squashfs 717M 717M 0 100% /rofs tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 32K 3.9G 1% /tmp none tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock none tmpfs 3.9G 176K 3.9G 1% /run/shm none tmpfs 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 ext4 910G 26G 838G 3% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 =================== fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000da1e9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 1936809983 968403968 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1936812030 1953523711 8355841 5 Extended Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 1936812032 1953523711 8355840 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition outside the disk detected. =================== Recommended repair Recommended-Repair This setting will reinstall the grub2 of sda1 into the MBR of sda. 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  • Why do things change between using a LiveCD/LiveUSB and installing Ubuntu?

    - by ahow628
    Here have been a couple of weird experiences I've had with a Ubuntu LiveCD or LiveUSB: 1) I had one of the original Chromebooks (CR-48). I ended up wiping ChromeOS and installing only Ubuntu 12.04.0 just after it came out. It worked like a charm. About a year later, I broke something and reinstalled Ubuntu using 12.04.3 on a LiveUSB. The LiveUSB worked perfectly - screen resolution, wifi, trackpad all worked fine. I installed it (once installing updates, once stock from the USB drive) and both times screen resolution, wifi, and trackpad all broke. I ended up downloading 12.04.0 and installing it then upgrading to 12.04.3 after the fact and everything worked perfectly once again. 2) I purchased a Toshiba Portege z935 and the LiveUSB worked perfectly, namely the wifi. After install, wifi was extremely slow and basically couldn't load any pages. The answer was that Bluetooth conflicted somehow with wifi and Bluetooth had to be disabled to get wifi to work. Yet both could be enabled in the LiveUSB version, no problem. So my question is, why does this happen? Why does everything work perfectly from the LiveUSB version but then get broken when installed on the system? Is there a different way to install Ubuntu that would allow things to be installed over exactly as they were on the LiveUSB version (drivers, settings, etc)? Are there assumptions that the install makes that I could override somehow?

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  • How can I uniqely record every new command I use, and possibly timestamp it?

    - by Nirmik
    I've been on Linux for more than 6 months now but never went too much into the CLI (command-line interface or terminal or shell) Now as I ask questions here, get answers, or help from other sites, I learn new commands... How can I can store every new command in a text file? Only new/*unique* commands, not repetitions of the same command. Here's an example: In the terminal, I enter the commands like this- ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command1* ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command2* ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command3* ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command4* ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ *command1* Now, these commands should get saved in a text file say commandrec like this- *command1* *command2* *command3* *command4* NOTE:The last command in the terminal which was again command1 is not recorded/saved again in the text file. And the next time I open the terminal, and enter a new command command 5, it should get appended to the list in commandrec (but if the command was used earlier on some other date, it should still be ignored. For example, command 1 entered again along with command 5 on a new day/time but command1 not recorded as already used) The commandrec file looking something like this- 31/05/12 12:00:00 *command1* *command2* *command3* *command4* 01/06/12 13:00:00 *command 5* (the time and date thing would be great if possible, but okay even if that isn't there) This way, I can have a record of all commands used by me to date. How can this be done?

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  • why I can not install Gphpedit

    - by Mohamed Samir Khalil
    why I can not install Gphpedit and I get this errors: Failed to fetch //http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/w/webkit/libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0_1.8.1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.190 80] Failed to fetch //http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/w/webkit/libwebkitgtk-1.0-common_1.8.1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.190 80] Failed to fetch //http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/w/webkit/libwebkitgtk-1.0-0_1.8.1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.190 80]

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  • What are my options for sharing music between Windows & Ubuntu on the same network?

    - by jgbelacqua
    We have a few Windows(XP & 7) and Ubuntu machines in the house sharing a wireless connection, and want to share music between them. If possible, I would like to be able to serve music from both Windows and Ubuntu (but it doesn't have to be the same time). I don't know much about sharing folders or streaming, but I'm guessing both would be options (that is, using a local client to access a shared song or a local client to access a shared stream). I want to be able to share the music between the systems as simply as possible. Bonus points (but not requirements) for cross-platform -- same application on both Windows and Ubuntu? available on startup (via daemon or autostart or whatnot) open source More info: All systems have dynamic addresses (DHCP) supplied from the ISP-supplied wireless router. There are several Gigabytes of music on one Windows XP box and one Ubuntu 10.10 The music is not well-sorted (I'm thinking this might have an impact on UI usability). Only has to be available internally (private address space behind the wireless router) bandwidth is not a problem We don't have (legitimate) admin access to the wireless router

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  • How to connect to internet using huawei E303C datacard

    - by Rahul Choudhary
    It is very difficult to use ubuntu. After six hours of research on various websites and ubuntu blogs I was unable to connect to internet using my Huawei DataCard E303C. I wonder that if it takes so much long time to figure out how to connect to internet using a 3g datacard (Huawei E303C) to connect to internet, then how would I do my daily computing tasks using ubuntu. Is there anyone who can help me with that. My personal practical experiences says that using ubuntu instead of windows is not different but tough. Yes it is very tough to use ubuntu. Why it cannot be like we double click and software gets installed as it happens in windows and why we always have to use terminal to install everything. Why everything in ubuntu is very difficult and tough to accomplish. I am drifting away from ubuntu. Can any developer at ubuntu help keep my interest in ubuntu? Is there anyone who can lure me to use ubuntu again?

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