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  • Concerns about Apache per-Vhost logging setup

    - by etienne
    I'm both senior developer and sysadmin in my company, so i'm trying to deal with the needs of both activities. I've set up our apache box, wich deals with 30-50 domains atm (and hopefully will grow larger) and hosts both production and development sites, with this directory structure: domains/ domains/domain.ext/ #FTPS chroot for user domain.ext domains/domain.ext/public #the DocumentRoot of http://domain.ext domains/domain.ext/logs domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext/public #DocumentRoot of http://sub.domain.ext Each domain.ext Vhost runs with his dedicated user and group via mpm-itk, umask being 027, and the logs are stored via a piped sudo command, like this: ErrorLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_error.log" CustomLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_access.log" combined Now, i've read a lot about not letting the logs out of a very restricted directory, but the developers often need to give a quick look to a particular subdomain error log, and i don't really want to give them admin rights to look into /var/logs. Having them available into the ftp account is REALLY handy during development stages. Do you think this setup is viable and safe enough? To me it is apparently looking good, but i'm concerned about 3 security issues: -is the sudo pipe enough to deal with symlink exploits? Any catches i'm missing? -log dos: logs are in the same partition of all domains. got hundreds of gigs, but still, if one get disk-space dos'd, everything will break. Any workaround? Will a short timed logrotate suffice? -file descriptors limits: AFAIK the default limit for Apache on Ubuntu Server is currently 8192, which should be plenty enough to handle 2 log files per subdomain. Is it? Am i missing something? I hope to read some thoughts on the matter!

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  • samba "username map" stopped to work after upgrade to 3.6

    - by Kris_R
    It was time to upgrade our group server (new HDs, problems with old installation of DRBD, etc..). Going as usually for CentOS i upgraded whole system from 6.3 to 6.4 The later one came with samba 3.6 as the old one was 3.5. I transferred most of users by copying /etc/password, /etc/shadow and samba accounts with pdbedit. Homes were on nfs-drive. The translation of unix accounts to samba accounts are located in /etc/samba/smbusers. Strangely enough on some windows clients there was problem to connect to samba-shares. In one case the only thing that worked was, instead of giving windows name, to use the unix account. In another one, it was possible to mount network drive and to open it in Windows Explorer, however other applications like "Total commander" at the attempt of opening this drive gave the message "Cannot connect to z:" (sometimes at this moment user/pass were requested). The smb.conf has following entries: [global] security = user passdb backend = tdbsam username map = /etc/samba/smbusers ... [Kris] comment = Kris's Private path = /SMB/Users/Kris writeable = yes read only = no browseable = yes users = krisr printable = no security mask = 0777 force security mode = 0 directory security mask = 0777 force directory security mode = 0 force create mode = 0775 force directory mode = 6775 The smbusers: # Unix_name = SMB_name1 SMB_name2 ... krisr = Kris Of course testparm runs without any errors. I was used from samba 3.5 to outputs of form Mapped user kris to krisr. Nothing like this happens now. Just message check_sam_security: Couldn't find user Kris in passdb. I read on web that some guys had problem with 3.6 and security = ADS, but these were not helpful for me. I'm seriously thinking about downgrading back to samba 3.5 but before this step I wanted to ask if somebody knows the solution of these problems.

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  • How to create btrfs RAID-1 filesystem (assertion error in mkfs.btrfs)?

    - by amcnabb
    I tried to make a btrfs RAID-1 filesystem in "degraded mode" by following the btrfs UseCases instructions but hit a fatal assertion error. Why is this failing, and is there any workaround? The instructions I followed are at: https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/articles/u/s/e/UseCases_8bd8.html The output of the mkfs.btrfs and btrfs filesystem show commands is: # mkfs.btrfs -m raid1 -d raid1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/loop1 WARNING! - Btrfs Btrfs v0.19 IS EXPERIMENTAL WARNING! - see http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org before using failed to read /dev/sr0 adding device /dev/loop1 id 2 mkfs.btrfs: volumes.c:802: btrfs_alloc_chunk: Assertion `!(ret)' failed. zsh: abort (core dumped) mkfs.btrfs -m raid1 -d raid1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/loop1 # btrfs filesystem show failed to read /dev/sr0 Label: none uuid: 773908b8-acca-4c30-85c5-6642b06de22b Total devices 1 FS bytes used 28.00KB devid 1 size 223.13GB used 2.04GB path /dev/sda5 Label: none uuid: 0f06f1a8-5f5f-4b92-a55c-b827bcbcc840 Total devices 2 FS bytes used 24.00KB devid 2 size 2.00GB used 0.00 path /dev/loop1 devid 1 size 1.36TB used 20.00MB path /dev/sdd1 Btrfs Btrfs v0.19 # EDIT: It turns out that the filesystem isn't mountable: # mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/big2 mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdd1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # So, why did the mkfs fail, and is there any workaround?

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  • Unix Permissions: Enable access to files no matter the user?

    - by TK Kocheran
    I've been using Linux for a long time and I still am completely in the dark about how file permissions really work. With that in mind, does anyone have any books or thorough guides I could read to really understand things completely? I've done my fair share of sysadminning, so I know the easy stuff like making directories readable and writable, making files executable, and changing the owner of a file, but on sharing files across users, I'm lost. Here's my main problem. I have a number of machines across which I intend to synchronize my music library. I've been using Unison for a while now and it's a great choice as I can easily run it over SSH on my local network which I just set up. Win-win. Up until this point, I've been synchronizing computers using a 2TB external hard drive. (computer 1 unisons to HD, computer 2 unisons to HD, etc.) This is tedious at best, especially since I encrypted the drive, making it a huge hassle to hook it up to all of my machines and sync it. Anyway, the drive is running ext4 (in TrueCrypt), so it maintains all Unix filesystem info like owners and groups. I just set up a new machine and just Unison'd it to get the music on it, and I realized that now, all of my permissions are fubar. I had to run Unison as root since that was the only way I could get the files to come off of the external drive. Apparently, since I'm using a different user name on this machine than my usual "rfkrocktk" across all machines, this essentially throws a huge wrench in the gears. Here's my use case. This laptop has two effective users, "leandra" and "rfkrocktk". I want to share music between these two users, so I symlinked /home/rfkrocktk/Music to point to /home/leandra/Music. How do I (a) allow both users access to read/write/delete files in this folder, and (b) keep everything nicely in sync without messing up file ownership?

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  • How to recover a Linksys WRT54GL router that has a blinking green power LED and no response from the

    - by Peter Mounce
    I was flashing the router with the Tomato firmware, but something went wrong; I'm not sure what. Now, the router responds to ping at 192.168.1.1 (my Mac's on a static IP 192.168.1.21), but the web-interface doesn't come up. I have read that this situation is recoverable in a [couple of places][2], but I haven't been having much success and so I wondered whether anyone could help. From my Mac (OSX 10.5) I have tried to tftp a new vanilla-Linksys firmware to the router and reboot; according to the trace, this sends it but the router behaves no differently after a reboot. I've read that if boot_wait is turned on, I'll have an easier time, but I haven't been able to find any instructions that tell me how I can tell whether I did this or not (I don't think I have, but I might have, when I tinkered the first time months ago - the router has worked since then, though). I have found a couple of references to [something called JTAG][3], which seems like some kind of [homebrew diagnostic cable thing][4], but that's a little beyond my ken. Happy to try it, with muppet-level instructions, though (I do software, not hardware!). So, I'm at a bit of a loss, really, and wondered whether anyone could provide me with the route (ha. ha.) out of this mess? Hm, I can't post all the links I wanted to until I have some more reputation.

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  • Macbook Pro - 15" with i7 processor - Any problems with heat?

    - by webworm
    You may have already heard about the review done by the folks at PC Authority in Australia, where they had an i7 MacBook Pro that got up to 100 degrees Celsius during benchmarking. Here is the URL in case you have not read it. http://www.pcauthority.com.au/News/172791,macbook-pro-helps-core-i7-hit-100-degrees.aspx In any case, I was considering purchasing a 15" Macbook Pro with the i7 processor and the NVIDIA GeForce GT330M with 512 video memory. Having read how hot the computer got I started to become hesitant about purchasing. My main concern is long term damage to the computer due to excessive heat. I plan to use the MacBook Pro as a development machine where I will be running Windows 7 within VMWare Fusion or Virtual Box. Within the VM I will be running IIS, SQL Server, Visual Studio and SharePoint Server. Hence why I would like to have the power of the i7 processor. That is why I wanted to check with actually owners of the MacBooks with the i7 processor and see what their experiences have been. Have you noticed excessive heat? How does your Macbook handle process intensive apps over long periods of time? Thank you!

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  • Forcing a particular SSL protocol for an nginx proxying server

    - by vitch
    I am developing an application against a remote https web service. While developing I need to proxy requests from my local development server (running nginx on ubuntu) to the remote https web server. Here is the relevant nginx config: server { server_name project.dev; listen 443; ssl on; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key; location / { proxy_pass https://remote.server.com; proxy_set_header Host remote.server.com; proxy_redirect off; } } The problem is that the remote HTTPS server can only accept connections over SSLv3 as can be seen from the following openssl calls. Not working: $ openssl s_client -connect remote.server.com:443 CONNECTED(00000003) 139849073899168:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:s23_lib.c:177: --- no peer certificate available --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 0 bytes and written 226 bytes --- New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE) Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE --- Working: $ openssl s_client -connect remote.server.com:443 -ssl3 CONNECTED(00000003) <snip> --- SSL handshake has read 1562 bytes and written 359 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is RC4-SHA Server public key is 1024 bit Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : SSLv3 Cipher : RC4-SHA <snip> With the current setup my nginx proxy gives a 502 Bad Gateway when I connect to it in a browser. Enabling debug in the error log I can see the message: [info] 1451#0: *16 peer closed connection in SSL handshake while SSL handshaking to upstream. I tried adding ssl_protocols SSLv3; to the nginx configuration but that didn't help. Does anyone know how I can set this up to work correctly?

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  • What do I need to consider when buying hardware to meet my needs?

    - by Darth Android
    I'm looking to build a new computer from the ground up. I'm not sure what to look out for and need guidance and help on how to pick the hardware needed to construct my new rig. How do I know what to buy? How do I find out if a given CPU will be enough for a certain game or application that I want to run? How do I find out if a given graphics card will be enough for a certain game or application? What is important when looking at motherboards? How much memory do I need? How do I know how much wattage I need for a power supply? What size case do I need? What relevant standards do I need to read up on and be aware of? PCI, PCIe, SATA, USB 2.0, USB 3.0, etc... What "gotchas" do I need to be on the lookout for? Please keep responses generation-agnostic to ensure they will be helpful to our future users. While Stack Exchange does not permit shopping recommendations, it doesn't provide any general advice to consider when buying hardware. So, instead of just telling those that ask what to buy that it's not allowed, let's tell them how to figure out what they need. This question was Super User Question of the Week #20 Read the June 20, 2011 blog entry for more details or submit your own Question of the Week.

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  • NTBackup Error: C: is not a valid drive

    - by Chris
    I'm trying to use NtBackup to back up the C: Drive on a Microsoft Windows Small Business Server 2003 machine and get the following error in the log file: Backup Status Operation: Backup Active backup destination: 4mm DDS Media name: "Media created 04/02/2011 at 21:56" Error: The device reported an error on a request to read data from media. Error reported: Invalid command. There may be a hardware or media problem. Please check the system event log for relevant failures. Error: C: is not a valid drive, or you do not have access. The operation did not successfully complete. I'm using a brand new SATA Quantum Dat-72 drive with a brand new tape (tried a couple of tapes). I carry out the following: Open NTBackup Select Backup Tab Tick the box next to C: Ensure Destination is 4mm DDS Media is set to New Press Start Backup Choose Replace the data on the media and press Start Backup NTBackup tries to mount the media Error Message shows: The device reported an error on a request to read data from media. Error reported: INvalid command. There may be a hardware or media problem. Please check the system event log for relevant failures. On checking the log I find the following: Event Type: Information Event Source: NTBackup Event Category: None Event ID: 8018 Date: 04/02/2011 Time: 22:02:02 User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: Begin Operation For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. and then; Event Type: Information Event Source: NTBackup Event Category: None Event ID: 8019 Date: 04/02/2011 Time: 22:02:59 User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: End Operation: The operation was successfully completed. Consult the backup report for more details. For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp.

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  • Win2008/IIS7/fx2.0 - 500.19 error

    - by Keith Barrows
    I installed new boxes at the beginning of the week. 1) Web Server on Win2008 x64, IIS 7 + all updates 2) DB Server on Win2008 x64, SQL 2008 Ent + all updates I configured my websites, set up host headers and DNS entries, worked through some problems on my handlers and finally got it all running Wednesday morning. Our team has been using it since then. This morning I came in and everyone of us is getting a 500 error. Error Summary HTTP Error 500.19 - Internal Server Error The requested page cannot be accessed because the related configuration data for the page is invalid. Detailed Error Information Module IIS Web Core Notification Unknown Handler Not yet determined Error Code 0x80070005 Config Error Cannot read configuration file due to insufficient permissions Config File \?\C:\RivWorks\dev\web.config Requested URL http://dev.rivworks.com:80/login.aspx Physical Path Logon Method Not yet determined Logon User Not yet determined Config Source -1: 0: Links and More InformationThis error occurs when there is a problem reading the configuration file for the Web server or Web application. In some cases, the event logs may contain more information about what caused this error. I’ve gone through the KB articles, made sure IIS_IUSRS had read permissions and am now stumped. What bothers me is IIS is looking in \?\C:\ instead of just C:. What is happening? TIA

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  • How to point a subdomain to local server with dynamic IP

    - by jlego
    I see there are many related questions to this one, however the answers given seem to be a little vague for a novice like me. I've got a dedicated LAMP stack running Fedora 16 locally on my home network. Everything works fine internally. I can access the Apache server from other machines on the network using the internal IP in a browser. I'm using the stack for a local file server as well as a development environment for websites. There are a couple of reasons why I would like the development sites hosted on the machine to be available publicly. 1.) I use a CMS that has paid add-ons which allows you to assign the paid license to a domain. I can't develop with paid add-ons on the closed dev server. 2.) I would occasionally like for clients to be able to view the site dev at late stages before it goes live. I have a domain (foo.com, and I want to point a *sub*domain (dev.foo.com) to the local server. I know this is best accomplished with a Static IP, however my IP from my ISP is Dynamic and I don't think there is any way to change that. From what I have read, services like ZoneEdit & DynDNS are supposed to be able to accomplish this, but I have tried both and found it very confusing. Also the server is behind a router and I have also read that you need to set up DDNS(?) in your router, that many routers have presets for these services, and I've found that DynDNS is the only one my router seems to support.

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  • Bash script dosn't open in terminal on reboot

    - by twigg
    Quick overview, I have created a script that reboots the laptop after x amount of time and x amount of cycles. I have added the script to the start-up applications and the script does seem to be running in the background but never opens a terminal Window. Am I missing something? Adding Code (this is saved in a file called countdown.sh) #!/bin/bash # check if passed.txt exists if it does, send to soak test if [ -f passed.txt ]; then echo reboot has passed $nol cycles sleep 5; echo Starting soak tests sleep 5; rm testlog.txt; rm passed.txt; phoronix-test-suite run quick-test exit 0; fi # check if file testlog.txt exists if not create it if [ ! -f testlog.txt ]; then echo >> testlog.txt; fi # read reboot file to see how many loops have been completed exec < testlog.txt nol=0 while read line do nol=`expr $nol + 1` done # start the countdown, x is time limit let x=10; while [ $x -gt 0 ]; do clear; figlet "Rebooting in..."; figlet $x; let x-=1; sleep 1; done; echo reboot success $nol >> testlog.txt; shutdown -r now; # set how many times the script should shutdown the laptop reboot_count=1 # if number of reboots matches nol's then stop the script # create a new text file called passed.txt if [ "$nol" == "$reboot_count" ]; then echo reboot passed $nol cycles >> passed.txt; fi

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  • Is wiper.sh working?

    - by Aleksander Blomskøld
    I'm setting up a server running Ubuntu Precise, and I'm trying to verify if SSD TRIM is working. fstrim is failing: ~ sudo fstrim -v / fstrim: /: FITRIM ioctl failed: Operation not supported So I tried wiper.sh in hdparm: wiper-3.5 sudo ./wiper.sh --verbose --commit /dev/sda1 wiper.sh: Linux SATA SSD TRIM utility, version 3.5, by Mark Lord. rootdev=/dev/sda1 fsmode2: fsmode=read-write /: fstype=ext4 freesize = 169502088 KB, reserved = 1695020 KB Preparing for online TRIM of free space on /dev/sda1 (ext4 mounted read-write at /). This operation could silently destroy your data. Are you sure (y/N)? y Creating temporary file (167807068 KB).. Syncing disks.. Beginning TRIM operations.. get_trimlist=/sbin/hdparm --fibmap WIPER_TMPFILE.11503 /dev/sda: trimming 3211263 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded trimming 3571713 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded trimming 3915776 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded (...) trimming 3657913 sectors from 60 ranges succeeded Removing temporary file.. Syncing disks.. Done. It seems to be working, but I'm wondering if it really is. Are there any cases where wiper.sh should work when fstrim isn't? Is there any way I can check if the TRIMing actually has succeeded (other than trusting the wiper.sh-log)?

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  • what is the fastest way to copy all data to a new larger hard drive?

    - by SUPER user
    I was certain this would have been covered before, but I cannot find an answer amongst all the almost-duplicates that come up; sorry if I've missed something obvious. I have a full 320gb disk inside my machine, a new 1tb disk to replace it, and a USB 2.0 chassis. It is only data on a single partition, no OS/apps involved, and the old drive will be kept somewhere as backup (no secure wiping etc). The simple option would be to put new disk in USB chassis, copy files, then swap them over. But for USB pen drives, reading is around 4x faster than writing. If the same is true for a USB SATA chassis (is it?) then it would be significantly faster to swap the drives first and read from the old drive over USB, right? Then the other consideration is that copying lots of files is usually slower than a single file of equivalent size. Is Windows 7 smart enough to do everything in a single lump like that, or is there specialised software that should be used instead? (Even if SATA-SATA copying is faster than involving USB, knowing what to do when it isn't an option is useful information.) Summary: Does a USB SATA chassis suffer from a read/write inequality? (like a USB pen drive does, but unlike a direct SATA connection) Can Windows 7 do sequential access? (I can't find confirmation if Robocopy does this.) Or is it necessary to use a bootable CD/USB with something like Clonezilla to achieve sequential copy speeds?

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  • Permission denied problem in Freenas + Transmission

    - by Torbjörn Karlsson
    Running Freenas 0.7.2 (5543) and Transmission 2.11 The problem it that i can not save a torrent where ever i want.. For example... I can save in: /nmt/1-500gb/Tv/dexter but i can not save in /nmt/4-1000gb/tv/Lost When i try to save in the lost folder I get a permission denied error in the Web interface. But when I try to save the same torrent file in the dexter folder everything works fine... This is probably an easy thing to fix, but I'm new to Freenas. The user name for Transmission is TorrentUser if that helps. Now I find out that I can not browse the disk in Quixplorer.. I can browse nmt/4-1000gb/ but not /nmt/1-500gb When I try to browse the nmt/4-1000gb/ I get Unable to read directory $ mount /dev/md0 on / (ufs, local) devfs on /dev (devfs, local) procfs on /proc (procfs, local) /dev/fuse1 on /mnt/5 - 500gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse2 on /mnt/2 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse3 on /mnt/3 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse4 on /mnt/4 - 1000gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/fuse5 on /mnt/320GB - USB (fusefs, local, synchronous) /dev/md1 on /var (ufs, local) /dev/da0a on /cf (ufs, local, read-only) /dev/fuse0 on /mnt/1 - 500gb (fusefs, local, synchronous) Dont work : 1 - 500gb 2 - 1000gb 3 - 1000gb Works: 320GB - USB 4 - 1000gb 5 - 500gb And this 3 disk is the same disks that I can save my torrents to. Ps. Every disk works perfect when i use ftp...

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  • Configured Samba to join our domain, but logon fails from Windows machine

    - by jasonh
    I've configured a Fedora 11 installation to join our domain. It seems to join successfully (though it reports a DNS update failure) but when I try to access \\fedoraserver.test.mycompany.com I'm prompted for a password. So I enter adminuser and the password and that fails, so I try test.mycompany.com\adminuser and that too fails. What am I missing? EDIT (Update 9/1/09): I can now connect to the machine and see the shares on it (see my response to djhowell's answer) but when I try to connect, I get an error saying The network path was not found. I checked the log entry on the Fedora computer for the computer I'm connecting from (/var/log/samba/log.ComputerX) and it reads: [2009/09/01 12:02:46, 1] libads/cldap.c:recv_cldap_netlogon(157) no reply received to cldap netlogon [2009/09/01 12:02:46, 1] libads/ldap.c:ads_find_dc(417) ads_find_dc: failed to find a valid DC on our site (Default-First-Site-Name), trying to find another DC Config files as of 9/1/09: smb.conf: [global] Workgroup = TEST realm = TEST.MYCOMPANY.COM password server = DC.TEST.MYCOMPANY.COM security = DOMAIN server string = Test Samba Server log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 idmap uid = 15000-20000 idmap gid = 15000-20000 windbind use default domain = yes cups options = raw client use spnego = no server signing = auto client signing = auto [share] comment = Test Share path = /mnt/storage1 valid users = adminuser admin users = adminuser read list = adminuser write list = adminuser read only = No I also set the krb5.conf file to look like this: [logging] default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log [libdefaults] default_realm = test.mycompany.com dns_lookup_realm = false dns_lookup_kdc = false ticket_lifetime = 24h forwardable = yes [realms] TEST.MYCOMPANY.COM = { kdc = dc.test.mycompany.com admin_server = dc.test.mycompany.com default_domain = test.mycompany.com } [domain_realm] dc.test.mycompany.com = test.mycompany.com .dc.test.mycompany.com = test.mycompany.com [appdefaults] pam = { debug = false ticket_lifetime = 36000 renew_lifetime = 36000 forwardable = true krb4_convert = false } I realize that there might be an issue with EXAMPLE.COM in there, however if I change it to TEST.MYCOMPANY.COM then it fails to join the domain with a preauthentication failure. As of 9/1/09, this is no longer the case.

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  • Disaster recovery backup of files/photos for personal use

    - by Renesis
    I'm looking for the best method to store a backup of important files and 5+ years of digital photos that is safe from some type of fire/flood disaster in my home. I'm looking for: Affordable: Less than $100/yr or first-time cost. Reliable: At least a smaller chance of failing than there is of fire or flood Easy for initial backup and to add to, and at least semi-easy to recover. I recently purchased a small home safe for physical vitals. It was inexpensive, solid, and is fire/water safe. If I had a physical copy of the digital files, the safe would work fine for this, but I don't know what to store in it that adequately meets the requirements above. Hard drive - I read that the danger of it not spinning up makes a hard drive a bad choice for this type of storage, although it was my first thought and would definitely be the simplest choice - very easy to take out once a month and add files to. DVDs - Way too much of a hassle for both backup and restore. Tape - No idea on the affordability of this option Online - Given that I have at least 300GB already and ever-increasing megapixels means ever-bigger files, and my ISP upload is about 2Mb at the best, this just doesn't sound like a good option for me, but I could be convinced. Other - Have I missed something? Also, I'm already covered both for sync between computers (Dropbox) and a nightly backup of these files (External HDD). The problem with the nightly backup is obviously that it's always with the computer and in a disaster would be destroyed along with it. Is anyone else doing something similar? Is the HDD as poor of a choice as I read, or is it a feasible option? Maybe two to reduce the likelihood of failure?

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  • What to do with a broken OS X install disc?

    - by slhck
    First things first: I don't appreciate software piracy and I really want to spend money on software that I use and that I work and make money with. I don't want this question closed just because I consider downloading software, I only want honest opinions and alternatives. Here we go: So I have my OS X Snow Leopard Upgrade DVD, but it's horribly scratched and won't boot anymore. It endlessly loads and at some point I have to force pull it out of the disc slot. How can I reset my Mac then? Can I take my original disk to an Apple Store and ask them for a replacement? Will they believe me, even if I don't have the receipt anymore? Would owning the original disk make it okay for me to look somewhere on the internet and download it? I don't even know if that will work without hassles. Could I try to read the disk to an image with some error correction methods? Maybe during boot it can't read some files, but some other program can? Is there any other way of resetting the Mac? Mine's now over 3 years old an I seem to have misplaced my original discs that had 10.4 on it. Or should I just buy a new 10.6 upgrade disk? (Which is not really what I want to do) Answers and opinions would be much appreciated.

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  • MD RAID 1 with external bitmap doesn't fully resync

    - by user64744
    I have an interesting configuration: dual boot system with a RAID 1 that needs to be visible in both Windows and Linux. The Windows install is Win 7 Enterprise, and the Linux install is Kubuntu 10.04. To get the RAID to work, I set it up using Windows's "Dynamic Disks" RAID 1, and brought it up in Linux using MD with no persistent superblock, and a write-intent bitmap on another partition. (Without this bitmap, MD had no way of knowing that the array was in sync, and would do a complete resync every time the array started.) The array is assembled like so: mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 I expected that the first time I ran this command, it would resync the array, write out a bitmap with no dirty chunks, and all would be good. This wasn't the case: after completing the resync, the bitmap was mostly clean, but about 5% dirty blocks remained, as revealed by mdadm -X /var/local/md1.bitmap I didn't mount the filesystem on /dev/md1 or touch it in any other way. I then found that stopping and restarting the array: mdadm --stop /dev/md1 mdadm --build /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -b /var/local/md1.bitmap /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 did indeed read in the bitmap, with an ensuing resync that went quickly because most of the blocks were marked clean. The confusing part is that this resync further reduced the number of dirty blocks, but still did not remove all of them. By repeatedly stopping and restarting I could slowly bring the dirty block count down to around 0.6%, where it seemed to level out. Any ideas what could be causing this? It smells to me of a race condition somewhere that leads to blocks either being skipped over during synchronization or not properly cleared from the bitmap, but I really have no evidence to prove this. It doesn't look like hardware issues since both drives are new and have zero read errors and reallocated sectors reported by smartctl -a.

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  • Linux - real-world hardware RAID controller tuning (scsi and cciss)

    - by ewwhite
    Most of the Linux systems I manage feature hardware RAID controllers (mostly HP Smart Array). They're all running RHEL or CentOS. I'm looking for real-world tunables to help optimize performance for setups that incorporate hardware RAID controllers with SAS disks (Smart Array, Perc, LSI, etc.) and battery-backed or flash-backed cache. Assume RAID 1+0 and multiple spindles (4+ disks). I spend a considerable amount of time tuning Linux network settings for low-latency and financial trading applications. But many of those options are well-documented (changing send/receive buffers, modifying TCP window settings, etc.). What are engineers doing on the storage side? Historically, I've made changes to the I/O scheduling elevator, recently opting for the deadline and noop schedulers to improve performance within my applications. As RHEL versions have progressed, I've also noticed that the compiled-in defaults for SCSI and CCISS block devices have changed as well. This has had an impact on the recommended storage subsystem settings over time. However, it's been awhile since I've seen any clear recommendations. And I know that the OS defaults aren't optimal. For example, it seems that the default read-ahead buffer of 128kb is extremely small for a deployment on server-class hardware. The following articles explore the performance impact of changing read-ahead cache and nr_requests values on the block queues. http://zackreed.me/articles/54-hp-smart-array-p410-controller-tuning http://www.overclock.net/t/515068/tuning-a-hp-smart-array-p400-with-linux-why-tuning-really-matters http://yoshinorimatsunobu.blogspot.com/2009/04/linux-io-scheduler-queue-size-and.html For example, these are suggested changes for an HP Smart Array RAID controller: echo "noop" > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/scheduler blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/cciss/c0d0 echo 512 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/nr_requests echo 2048 > /sys/block/cciss\!c0d0/queue/read_ahead_kb What else can be reliably tuned to improve storage performance? I'm specifically looking for sysctl and sysfs options in production scenarios.

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  • openSSL tutorial not fully working - Can sign but cannot restore original file

    - by djechelon
    I'm writing, and testing, a little tutorial for my groupmates involved in an openSSL homework. We have a bunch of PDF files, I'm the CA and each one should send me a signed PDF for me to be verified. I've told them to do the following (and tried to do it by myself) Request and obtain a certificate (I'll skip this part) Create a MIME message with the PDF file in it makemime -c "text/pdf" -a "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=”Elaborato.pdf" Elaborato.pdf > Elaborato.pdf.msg Sign with openSSL openssl smime -sign -in Elaborato.pdf.msg -out Elaborato.pdf.p7m -certfile ca.pem -certfile nomegruppo.crt -inkey nomegruppo.key -signer nomegruppo.crt Verify with openssl smime -verify -in Elaborato.pdf.p7m -out Elaborato-verified.msg -CAfile ca.pem -signer nomegruppo.crt Extract attachment with munpack Elaborato-verified.msg View with Acrobat Reader The problem is that even if I get a file that (from its binary content) resembles a PDF file my current Ubuntu PDF viewer doesn't read it. The XXXElaborato.pdf extracted by munpack is a little bit smaller than the original. What's the problem with this procedure? In theory, they should send me the signed S/MIME message and I should be able to read the PDF within it. Why can't I restore the original content of the PDF file?

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  • ZFS with L2ARC (SSD) slower for random seeks than without L2ARC

    - by Florian Kruse
    I am currently testing ZFS (Opensolaris 2009.06) in an older fileserver to evaluate its use for our needs. Our current setup is as follows: Dual core (2,4 GHz) with 4 GB RAM 3x SATA controller with 11 HDDs (250 GB) and one SSD (OCZ Vertex 2 100 GB) We want to evaluate the use of a L2ARC, so the current ZPOOL is: $ zpool status pool: tank state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM afstank ONLINE 0 0 0 raidz1 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t1d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c11t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 raidz1 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t0d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t1d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c13t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 cache c14t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 where c14t3d0 is the SSD (of course). We run IO tests with bonnie++ 1.03d, size is set to 200 GB (-s 200g) so that the test sample will never be completely in ARC/L2ARC. The results without SSD are (average values over several runs which show no differences) write_chr write_blk rewrite read_chr read_blk random seeks 101.998 kB/s 214.258 kB/s 96.673 kB/s 77.702 kB/s 254.695 kB/s 900 /s With SSD it becomes interesting. My assumption was that the results should be in worst case at least the same. While write/read/rewrite rates are not different, the random seek rate differs significantly between individual bonnie++ runs (between 188 /s and 1333 /s so far), average is 548 +- 200 /s, so below the value w/o SSD. So, my questions are mainly: Why do the random seek rates differ so much? If the seeks are really random, they should not differ much (my assumption). So, even if the SSD is impairing the performance it should be the same in each bonnie++ run. Why is the random seek performance worse in most of the bonnie++ runs? I would assume that some part of the bonnie++ data is in the L2ARC and random seeks on this data performs better while random seeks on other data just performs similarly like before.

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  • What is the replacement of the floppy

    - by alexanderpas
    While CD (and to an lesser extend DVD) disks have reached the price-point of the floppy, they have one significant downside, it is WORM (Write-Once Read-Many) media, allowing it to be used only one single time, and you need to be explicit in writing the data to the actual media (you need to burn it.) While CD-RW solves the "use only once" problem, it is still EWORM (Erasable Write-Once Read-Many) media, which still means you need to be explicit in writing the data to the actual media (you still need to burn it.), and also, you still need to be very explicit in erasing it. (simple delete is not possible.) Okay, we can use a CD-RW in Packet Writing mode, however the downside to that, is that this mode is not very universal, and also, not the native mode of the media. Now, while USB-sticks and SD-cards may not have the poblems of the CD, they have a whole other kind of problem: their PRICE! USB-sticks and SD cards are generally 10 to 100 times as expensive as diskettes per piece. SD-cards, in addition have an added problem, because they need a reader to operate. While it is a very standard thing, it is not default equipment on the computer like the CD drive or USB port (or historically the diskette drive). You wouldn't give out an USB stick or SD card with a 100 kB text file, not caring weither you would get it back or not. So, to recap: CD & DVD are basically WORM media. SD cards and USB sticks are relatively expensive. SD cards also needs special readers. Diskettes have a very low data-rate Diskettes have a very low storage capacity. Now, is there a media out there that solves all these problems, or is there a way to get (very) small USB sticks or SD cards for a very low price (as they're the closest thing to diskette).

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  • What is a good WordPress theme for long Objective-C code samples [closed]

    - by willc2
    As some of you iPhone developers know, Objective-C can be a verbose language. Long, descriptive variable and method names are the norm. I'm not complaining, it makes code easier to read and code completion makes it easy to type. But damn! Check out this method name for getting a cell in a table view: -(UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath; I have a WordPress blog where I publish my code samples as I'm learning the language. One thing I hate on other blogs is how the code won't fit in a column without that scroll bar or without wrapping around. It really made it hard for me to read and comprehend method names back when I was a super-noob (six months ago). Right now I use the clean-looking Fazyvo 1.0 theme by noonnoo. I love the look of it but the columns are just too narrow and it doesn't have support for wider ones. I could hand-modify it but then I'd have to maintain/redo those changes every time I updated it. Instead, I'm looking for a nice theme that has width control built-in and looks good at larger font sizes. Can anyone help? Note: I use WP-CodeBox for code syntax highlighting.

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  • Clarification on signals (sighup), jobs, and the controlling terminal

    - by asolberg
    So I've read two different perspectives and I'm trying to figure out which one is right. 1) Some sources online say that signals sent from the controlling terminal are ONLY sent to the foreground process group. That means if want a process to continue running in the background when you logout it is sufficient to simply suspend the job (ctrl-Z) and resume it in the background (bg). Then you can log out and it will continue to run because SIGHUP is only sent to the foreground job. See: http://blog.nelhage.com/2010/01/a-brief-introduction-to-termios-signaling-and-job-control/ ...In addition, if any signal-generating character is read by a terminal, it generates the appropriate signal to the foreground process group.... 2) Other sources claim you need to use the "nohup" command at the time the program is executed, or failing that, issue a "disown" command during execution to remove it from the jobs table that listens for SIGHUP. They say if you don't do this when you logout your process will also exit even if its running in a background process group. For example: http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/unix3/upt/ch23_11.htm ...If I log out anyway, the shell sends my background job a HUP signal... In my own experiments with Ubuntu linux it seems like 1) is correct. I executed a command: "sleep 20 &" then logged out, logged back in and pressed did a "ps aux". Sure enough the sleep command was still running. So then why is it that so many people seem to believe number 2? And if all you have to do is place a job in the background to keep it running why do so many people use "nohup" and "disown?"

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