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• Computer Networks UNISA - Chap 10 &ndash; In Depth TCP/IP Networking

  - by MarkPearl

  After reading this section you should be able to Understand methods of network design unique to TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and address translation Explain the differences between public and private TCP/IP networks Describe protocols used between mail clients and mail servers, including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4 Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network discovery and troubleshooting Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks The following sections explain how network and host information in an IPv4 address can be manipulated to subdivide networks into smaller segments. Subnetting Subnetting separates a network into multiple logically defined segments, or subnets. Networks are commonly subnetted according to geographic locations, departmental boundaries, or technology types. A network administrator might separate traffic to accomplish the following… Enhance security Improve performance Simplify troubleshooting The challenges of Classful Addressing in IPv4 (No subnetting) The simplest type of IPv4 is known as classful addressing (which was the Class A, Class B & Class C network addresses). Classful addressing has the following limitations. Restriction in the number of usable IPv4 addresses (class C would be limited to 254 addresses) Difficult to separate traffic from various parts of a network Because of the above reasons, subnetting was introduced. IPv4 Subnet Masks Subnetting depends on the use of subnet masks to identify how a network is subdivided. A subnet mask indicates where network information is located in an IPv4 address. The 1 in a subnet mask indicates that corresponding bits in the IPv4 address contain network information (likewise 0 indicates the opposite) Each network class is associated with a default subnet mask… Class A = 255.0.0.0 Class B = 255.255.0.0 Class C = 255.255.255.0 An example of calculating  the network ID for a particular device with a subnet mask is shown below.. IP Address = 199.34.89.127 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Resultant Network ID = 199.34.89.0 IPv4 Subnetting Techniques Subnetting breaks the rules of classful IPv4 addressing. Read page 490 for a detailed explanation Calculating IPv4 Subnets Read page 491 – 494 for an explanation Important… Subnetting only applies to the devices internal to your network. Everything external looks at the class of the IP address instead of the subnet network ID. This way, traffic directed to your network externally still knows where to go, and once it has entered your internal network it can then be prioritized and segmented. CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) CIDR is also known as classless routing or supernetting. In CIDR conventional network class distinctions do not exist, a subnet boundary can move to the left, therefore generating more usable IP addresses on your network. A subnet created by moving the subnet boundary to the left is known as a supernet. With CIDR also came new shorthand for denoting the position of subnet boundaries known as CIDR notation or slash notation. CIDR notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a forward slash (/) followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix. To take advantage of classless routing, your networks routers must be able to interpret IP addresses that don;t adhere to conventional network class parameters. Routers that rely on older routing protocols (i.e. RIP) are not capable of interpreting classless IP addresses. Internet Gateways Gateways are a combination of software and hardware that enable two different network segments to exchange data. A gateway facilitates communication between different networks or subnets. Because on device cannot send data directly to a device on another subnet, a gateway must intercede and hand off the information. Every device on a TCP/IP based network has a default gateway (a gateway that first interprets its outbound requests to other subnets, and then interprets its inbound requests from other subnets). The internet contains a vast number of routers and gateways. If each gateway had to track addressing information for every other gateway on the Internet, it would be overtaxed. Instead, each handles only a relatively small amount of addressing information, which it uses to forward data to another gateway that knows more about the data’s destination. The gateways that make up the internet backbone are called core gateways. Address Translation An organizations default gateway can also be used to “hide” the organizations internal IP addresses and keep them from being recognized on a public network. A public network is one that any user may access with little or no restrictions. On private networks, hiding IP addresses allows network managers more flexibility in assigning addresses. Clients behind a gateway may use any IP addressing scheme, regardless of whether it is recognized as legitimate by the Internet authorities but as soon as those devices need to go on the internet, they must have legitimate IP addresses to exchange data. When a clients transmission reaches the default gateway, the gateway opens the IP datagram and replaces the client’s private IP address with an Internet recognized IP address. This process is known as NAT (Network Address Translation). TCP/IP Mail Services All Internet mail services rely on the same principles of mail delivery, storage, and pickup, though they may use different types of software to accomplish these functions. Email servers and clients communicate through special TCP/IP application layer protocols. These protocols, all of which operate on a variety of operating systems are discussed below… SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) The protocol responsible for moving messages from one mail server to another over TCP/IP based networks. SMTP belongs to the application layer of the ODI model and relies on TCP as its transport protocol. Operates from port 25 on the SMTP server Simple sub-protocol, incapable of doing anything more than transporting mail or holding it in a queue MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) The standard message format specified by SMTP allows for lines that contain no more than 1000 ascii characters meaning if you relied solely on SMTP you would have very short messages and nothing like pictures included in an email. MIME us a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files, images, video, and non-ascii character sets within an email message. MIME identifies each element of a mail message according to content type. MIME does not replace SMTP but works in conjunction with it. Most modern email clients and servers support MIME POP (Post Office Protocol) POP is an application layer protocol used to retrieve messages from a mail server POP3 relies on TCP and operates over port 110 With POP3 mail is delivered and stored on a mail server until it is downloaded by a user Disadvantage of POP3 is that it typically does not allow users to save their messages on the server because of this IMAP is sometimes used IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) IMAP is a retrieval protocol that was developed as a more sophisticated alternative to POP3 The single biggest advantage IMAP4 has over POP3 is that users can store messages on the mail server, rather than having to continually download them Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any mail message Users can review their messages and delete them while the messages remain on the server Users can create sophisticated methods of organizing messages on the server Users can share a mailbox in a central location Disadvantages of IMAP are typically related to the fact that it requires more storage space on the server. Additional TCP/IP Utilities Nearly all TCP/IP utilities can be accessed from the command prompt on any type of server or client running TCP/IP. The syntaxt may differ depending on the OS of the client. Below is a list of additional TCP/IP utilities – research their use on your own! Ipconfig (Windows) & Ifconfig (Linux) Netstat Nbtstat Hostname, Host & Nslookup Dig (Linux) Whois (Linux) Traceroute (Tracert) Mtr (my traceroute) Route

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• NHibernate Pitfalls Index

  - by Ricardo Peres

  These are the posts on NHibernate pitfalls I’ve written so far. This post will be updated whenever there are more. The SaveOrUpdate Event Collection Restrictions Specifying Event Listeners in XML Configuration Many to Many and Inverse Bags and Join Lazy Properties in Non-Lazy Entities Adding to a Bag Causes Loading Flushing Changes Private Setter on Id Property

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• Compare Two NameValueCollections Extension Method

  - by Jon Canning

  public static class NameValueCollectionExtension     {         public static bool CollectionEquals(this NameValueCollection nameValueCollection1, NameValueCollection nameValueCollection2)         {             return nameValueCollection1.ToKeyValue().SequenceEqual(nameValueCollection2.ToKeyValue());         }         private static IEnumerable<object> ToKeyValue(this NameValueCollection nameValueCollection)         {             return nameValueCollection.AllKeys.OrderBy(x => x).Select(x => new {Key = x, Value = nameValueCollection[x]});         }     }

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• How to hide download file from bots? [closed]

  - by CJ7

  Possible Duplicate: How to restrict the download of all files in a folder? I want to make a private file available for download but not use username/password protection. I want to put the file into a directory called something like download. How can I ensure: the file does not become part of search engine results, and the file cannot be accessed by bots that might guess the directory name?

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Interlocked Read() and Exchange()

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Last time we discussed the Interlocked class and its Add(), Increment(), and Decrement() methods which are all useful for updating a value atomically by adding (or subtracting).  However, this begs the question of how do we set and read those values atomically as well? Read() – Read a value atomically Let’s begin by examining the following code: 1: public class Incrementor 2: { 3: private long _value = 0; 4:  5: public long Value { get { return _value; } } 6:  7: public void Increment() 8: { 9: Interlocked.Increment(ref _value); 10: } 11: } 12:  It uses an interlocked increment, as we discuss in my previous post (here), so we know that the increment will be thread-safe.  But, to realize what’s potentially wrong we have to know a bit about how atomic reads are in 32 bit and 64 bit .NET environments. When you are dealing with an item smaller or equal to the system word size (such as an int on a 32 bit system or a long on a 64 bit system) then the read is generally atomic, because it can grab all of the bits needed at once.  However, when dealing with something larger than the system word size (reading a long on a 32 bit system for example), it cannot grab the whole value at once, which can lead to some problems since this read isn’t atomic. For example, this means that on a 32 bit system we may read one half of the long before another thread increments the value, and the other half of it after the increment.  To protect us from reading an invalid value in this manner, we can do an Interlocked.Read() to force the read to be atomic (of course, you’d want to make sure any writes or increments are atomic also): 1: public class Incrementor 2: { 3: private long _value = 0; 4:  5: public long Value 6: { 7: get { return Interlocked.Read(ref _value); } 8: } 9:  10: public void Increment() 11: { 12: Interlocked.Increment(ref _value); 13: } 14: } Now we are guaranteed that we will read the 64 bit value atomically on a 32 bit system, thus ensuring our thread safety (assuming all other reads, writes, increments, etc. are likewise protected).  Note that as stated before, and according to the MSDN (here), it isn’t strictly necessary to use Interlocked.Read() for reading 64 bit values on 64 bit systems, but for those still working in 32 bit environments, it comes in handy when dealing with long atomically. Exchange() – Exchanges two values atomically Exchange() lets us store a new value in the given location (the ref parameter) and return the old value as a result. So just as Read() allows us to read atomically, one use of Exchange() is to write values atomically.  For example, if we wanted to add a Reset() method to our Incrementor, we could do something like this: 1: public void Reset() 2: { 3: _value = 0; 4: } But the assignment wouldn’t be atomic on 32 bit systems, since the word size is 32 bits and the variable is a long (64 bits).  Thus our assignment could have only set half the value when a threaded read or increment happens, which would put us in a bad state. So instead, we could write Reset() like this: 1: public void Reset() 2: { 3: Interlocked.Exchange(ref _value, 0); 4: } And we’d be safe again on a 32 bit system. But this isn’t the only reason Exchange() is valuable.  The key comes in realizing that Exchange() doesn’t just set a new value, it returns the old as well in an atomic step.  Hence the name “exchange”: you are swapping the value to set with the stored value. So why would we want to do this?  Well, anytime you want to set a value and take action based on the previous value.  An example of this might be a scheme where you have several tasks, and during every so often, each of the tasks may nominate themselves to do some administrative chore.  Perhaps you don’t want to make this thread dedicated for whatever reason, but want to be robust enough to let any of the threads that isn’t currently occupied nominate itself for the job.  An easy and lightweight way to do this would be to have a long representing whether someone has acquired the “election” or not.  So a 0 would indicate no one has been elected and 1 would indicate someone has been elected. We could then base our nomination strategy as follows: every so often, a thread will attempt an Interlocked.Exchange() on the long and with a value of 1.  The first thread to do so will set it to a 1 and return back the old value of 0.  We can use this to show that they were the first to nominate and be chosen are thus “in charge”.  Anyone who nominates after that will attempt the same Exchange() but will get back a value of 1, which indicates that someone already had set it to a 1 before them, thus they are not elected. Then, the only other step we need take is to remember to release the election flag once the elected thread accomplishes its task, which we’d do by setting the value back to 0.  In this way, the next thread to nominate with Exchange() will get back the 0 letting them know they are the new elected nominee. Such code might look like this: 1: public class Nominator 2: { 3: private long _nomination = 0; 4: public bool Elect() 5: { 6: return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _nomination, 1) == 0; 7: } 8: public bool Release() 9: { 10: return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _nomination, 0) == 1; 11: } 12: } There’s many ways to do this, of course, but you get the idea.  Running 5 threads doing some “sleep” work might look like this: 1: var nominator = new Nominator(); 2: var random = new Random(); 3: Parallel.For(0, 5, i => 4: { 5:  6: for (int j = 0; j < _iterations; ++j) 7: { 8: if (nominator.Elect()) 9: { 10: // elected 11: Console.WriteLine("Elected nominee " + i); 12: Thread.Sleep(random.Next(100, 5000)); 13: nominator.Release(); 14: } 15: else 16: { 17: // not elected 18: Console.WriteLine("Did not elect nominee " + i); 19: } 20: // sleep before check again 21: Thread.Sleep(1000); 22: } 23: }); And would spit out results like: 1: Elected nominee 0 2: Did not elect nominee 2 3: Did not elect nominee 1 4: Did not elect nominee 4 5: Did not elect nominee 3 6: Did not elect nominee 3 7: Did not elect nominee 1 8: Did not elect nominee 2 9: Did not elect nominee 4 10: Elected nominee 3 11: Did not elect nominee 2 12: Did not elect nominee 1 13: Did not elect nominee 4 14: Elected nominee 0 15: Did not elect nominee 2 16: Did not elect nominee 4 17: ... Another nice thing about the Interlocked.Exchange() is it can be used to thread-safely set pretty much anything 64 bits or less in size including references, pointers (in unsafe mode), floats, doubles, etc.  Summary So, now we’ve seen two more things we can do with Interlocked: reading and exchanging a value atomically.  Read() and Exchange() are especially valuable for reading/writing 64 bit values atomically in a 32 bit system.  Exchange() has value even beyond simply atomic writes by using the Exchange() to your advantage, since it reads and set the value atomically, which allows you to do lightweight nomination systems. There’s still a few more goodies in the Interlocked class which we’ll explore next time! Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,Little Wonders,Interlocked

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• Hard Disk Failure Factors

  Every one who works with computers whether it is a business or just for private use knows that the information they accumulate on their computers is stored on their hard disk drive. The data stored d... [Author: Michiel Van Kets - Computers and Internet - May 03, 2010]

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• OData &ndash; The easiest service I can create

  - by Jon Dalberg

  I wanted to create an OData service with the least amount of code so I fired up Visual Studio and got cracking. I decided to serve up a list of naughty words and make them read-only. Create a new web project. I created an empty MVC 2 application but MVC is not required for OData. Add a new WCF Data Service to the project. I named mine NastyWords.svc since I’m serving up a list of nasty words. Add a class to expose via the service: NastyWord 1: [DataServiceKey("Word")] 2: public class NastyWord 3: { 4: public string Word { get; set; } 5: }   I need to be able to uniquely identify instances of NastyWords for the DataService so I used the DataServiceKey attribute with the “Word” property as the key. I could have added an “ID” property which would have uniquely identified them and would then not need the “DataServiceKey” attribute because the DataService would apply some reflection and heuristics to guess at which property would be the unique identifier. However, the words themselves are unique so adding an “ID” property would be redundantly repetitive. Then I created a data source to expose my NastyWord objects to the service. This is just a simple class with IQueryable<T> properties exposing the entities for my service: 1: public class NastyWordsDataSource 2: { 3: private static IList<NastyWord> words = new List<NastyWord> 4: { 5: new NastyWord{ Word="crap"}, 6: new NastyWord{ Word="darn"}, 7: new NastyWord{ Word="hell"}, 8: new NastyWord{ Word="shucks"} 9: }; 10:   11: public NastyWordsDataSource() 12: { 13: NastyWords = words.AsQueryable(); 14: } 15:   16: public IQueryable<NastyWord> NastyWords { get; private set; } 17: }   Now I can go to the NastyWords.svc class and tell it which data source to use and which entities to expose: 1: public class NastyWords : DataService<NastyWordsDataSource> 2: { 3: // This method is called only once to initialize service-wide policies. 4: public static void InitializeService(DataServiceConfiguration config) 5: { 6: config.SetEntitySetAccessRule("*", EntitySetRights.AllRead); 7: config.DataServiceBehavior.MaxProtocolVersion = DataServiceProtocolVersion.V2; 8: } 9: }   Compile and browse to my NastWords.svc and weep with joy Now I can query my service just like any other OData service. Next time, I’ll modify this service to allow updates to sent so I can build up my list of nasty words. Enjoy!

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• My schoolmates are playing too much and talk loudly, what should I do ? report them ? [closed]

  - by jokoon

  I'm a in a private game programming school class (there are also 3D/art classes in the school), and at least half or two third of the 12 people in my class play at various games (Age of Empires, web games, online card games, etc). They are talking quite loudly on top of that, and I'm getting hard times trying to concentrate: it feels like I'm in a cybercafe full of teenagers. I don't know if I have Hyperacusis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperacusis),

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• Choosing The Best VPN Service Provider Is The Key To Safe Anonymous Surfing

  VPN is the acronym for virtual private network. There are a number of VPN service providers available in the Internet. VPN service is most often used by the organizations in order to provide remote a... [Author: Robin Hanson - Computers and Internet - May 31, 2010]

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• Google Street View logs WiFi networks, Mac addresses

  <b>The Register:</b> "Google's roving Street View spycam may blur your face, but it's got your number. The Street View service is under fire in Germany for scanning private WLAN networks, and recording users' unique Mac (Media Access Control) addresses, as the car trundles along."

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• Changing Silverlight application themes at runtime

  We have received a lot of questions how can the application theme be changed at run time. The most important thing here to mark is that each time the application theme is changed all the controls should be re-drawn. Without going into too much detail, we could explain the application themes as a mechanism to replace the content of the Generic.xaml file in every loaded Telerik assembly at runtime. This does not affect the controls that already have default style applied, hence the need to create new instances. Because in the Silverlight applications the RootVisual cannot be changed at run time, we need a way to reset the application UI. The following code is in App.xaml.cs. private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)     {           // Before:           // this.RootVisual = new MainPage();            this.RootVisual = new Grid();         this.ResetRootVisual();     }        public void ResetRootVisual()     {         var rootVisual = Application.Current.RootVisual as Grid;         rootVisual.Children.Clear();         rootVisual.Children.Add(new MainPage());     }   In Application_Startup() instead of creating new MainPage UserControl instance as RootVisual, we create a new Grid panel, that will contain the MainPage UserControl. In the ResetRootVisual() method we create the instance of MainPage and add it to the RootVisual panel. Then we have to create a method in the code behind which will set StyleManager.ApplicationTheme and then will call the ResetRootVisual() method: private void ChangeApplicationTheme(Theme theme) {     StyleManager.ApplicationTheme = theme;     (Application.Current as App).ResetRootVisual(); }   Here you can find an example which illustrates the described implementation of a Silverlight theme. For more information please refer to Teleriks online demos for Silverlight, the demos for WPF and help documentation for WPF and help documentation for Silverlight. Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Databinding a .Net WinForms ComboBox to an Enum

  - by Tim Huffam

  This is quite simple... Define the enum eg: public enum MyEnum{ ItemOne, ItemTwo, } Within the form set the datasource of the combobox to the values of the enum eg: myCombo.DataSource = System.Enum.GetValues(typeof(MyEnum)); To have the combo auto select a value based on a bound object, set the databinding of the combo eg: class MyObject{ private MyEnum myEnumProperty; public MyEnum MyEnumProperty{get {return myEnumProperty;}} } MyObject myObj = new MyObject(); myCombo.DataBindings.Add(new Binding("SelectedIndex", myObject, "MyEnumProperty");

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• Step-By-Step Procedure of SSL Certificate Installation

  SSL certificates are used to transfer the private data entered on the user computer to the website owner?s server through an encrypted format. Therefore, any website that includes online transactions... [Author: Jack Melde - Computers and Internet - May 01, 2010]

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• 2D game - Missile shooting problem on Android

  - by Niksa

  Hello, I have to make a tank that sits still but moves his turret and shoots missiles. As this is my first Android application ever and I haven't done any game development either, I've come across a few problems... Now, I did the tank and the moving turret once I read the Android tutorial for the LunarLander sample code. So this code is based on the LunarLander code. But I'm having trouble doing the missile firing then SPACE button is being pressed. private void doDraw(Canvas canvas) { canvas.drawBitmap(backgroundImage, 0, 0, null); // draws the tank canvas.drawBitmap(tank, x_tank, y_tank, new Paint()); // draws and rotates the tank turret canvas.rotate((float) mHeading, (float) x_turret + mTurretWidth, y_turret); canvas.drawBitmap(turret, x_turret, y_turret, new Paint()); // draws the grenade that is a regular circle from ShapeDrawable class bullet.setBounds(x_bullet, y_bullet, x_bullet + width, y_bullet + height); bullet.draw(canvas); } UPDATE GAME method private void updateGame() throws InterruptedException { long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); if (mLastTime > now) return; double elapsed = (now - mLastTime) / 1000.0; mLastTime = now; // dUP and dDown, rotates the turret from 0 to 75 degrees. if (dUp) mHeading += 1 * (PHYS_SLEW_SEC * elapsed); if (mHeading >= 75) mHeading = 75; if (dDown) mHeading += (-1) * (PHYS_SLEW_SEC * elapsed); if (mHeading < 0) mHeading = 0; if (dSpace){ // missile Logic, a straight trajectorie for now x_bullet -= 1; y_bullet -= 1; //doesn't work, has to be updated every pixel or what? } boolean doKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent msg) { boolean handled = false; synchronized (mSurfaceHolder) { if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_SPACE){ dSpace = true; handled = true; } if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_UP){ dUp = true; handled = true; } if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN){ dDown = true; handled = true; } return handled; } } } a method run that runs the game... public void run() { while (mRun) { Canvas c = null; try { c = mSurfaceHolder.lockCanvas(null); synchronized (mSurfaceHolder) { if (mMode == STATE_RUNNING) updateGame(); doDraw(c); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // do this in a finally so that if an exception is thrown // during the above, we don't leave the Surface in an // inconsistent state if (c != null) { mSurfaceHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(c); } } } } So the question would be, how do I make that the bullet is fired on a single SPACE key press from the turret to the end of the screen? Could you help me out here, I seem to be in the dark here... Thanks, Niksa

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• What kind of innovative non-cash financial benefits do I offer to my developers to retain them along with a competitive salary?

  - by Fanatic23

  Stock options don't make much sense, since the company's private. [It still does, if you are a facebook of sorts AND the regulatory system permits sites like secondmarket, but I digress.] I could think of some: Health benefits to parents and parents-in-laws Sponsoring a fuel-saving bike to drive to office Gift cards for occasions like completion of 1, 3, 5 years of service I really could do with more suggestions here. Appreciate 1 response per entry for ease of up-voting.

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• Brainstorming to Collect Data in Designing the Corporate Computer Network

  Suppose that you are appointed to lead a project of a computer network design in your organization that contains many sites that need to be integrated into a single corporate private network, what ar... [Author: Ki Grinsing - Computers and Internet - April 03, 2010]

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• What is the use of Association, Aggregation and Composition (Encapsulation) in Classes

  - by SahilMahajanMj

  I have gone through lots of theories about what is encapsulation and the three techniques of implementing it, which are Association, Aggregation and Composition. What i found is, Encapsulation Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields via public methods. If a field is declared private, it cannot be accessed by anyone outside the class, thereby hiding the fields within the class. For this reason, encapsulation is also referred to as data hiding. Encapsulation can be described as a protective barrier that prevents the code and data being randomly accessed by other code defined outside the class. Access to the data and code is tightly controlled by an interface. The main benefit of encapsulation is the ability to modify our implemented code without breaking the code of others who use our code. With this feature Encapsulation gives maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our code. Association Association is a relationship where all object have their own lifecycle and there is no owner. Let’s take an example of Teacher and Student. Multiple students can associate with single teacher and single student can associate with multiple teachers but there is no ownership between the objects and both have their own lifecycle. Both can create and delete independently. Aggregation Aggregation is a specialize form of Association where all object have their own lifecycle but there is ownership and child object can not belongs to another parent object. Let’s take an example of Department and teacher. A single teacher can not belongs to multiple departments, but if we delete the department teacher object will not destroy. We can think about “has-a” relationship. Composition Composition is again specialize form of Aggregation and we can call this as a “death” relationship. It is a strong type of Aggregation. Child object dose not have their lifecycle and if parent object deletes all child object will also be deleted. Let’s take again an example of relationship between House and rooms. House can contain multiple rooms there is no independent life of room and any room can not belongs to two different house if we delete the house room will automatically delete. The question is: Now these all are real world examples. I am looking for some description about how to use these techniques in actual class code. I mean what is the point for using three different techniques for encapsulation, How these techniques could be implemented and How to choose which technique is applicable at time.

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• Sortable & Filterable PrimeFaces DataTable

  - by Geertjan

  <h:form> <p:dataTable value="#{resultManagedBean.customers}" var="customer"> <p:column id="nameHeader" filterBy="#{customer.name}" sortBy="#{customer.name}"> <f:facet name="header"> <h:outputText value="Name" /> </f:facet> <h:outputText value="#{customer.name}" /> </p:column> <p:column id="cityHeader" filterBy="#{customer.city}" sortBy="#{customer.city}"> <f:facet name="header"> <h:outputText value="City" /> </f:facet> <h:outputText value="#{customer.city}" /> </p:column> </p:dataTable> </h:form> That gives me this: And here's the filter in action: Behind this, I have: import com.mycompany.mavenproject3.entities.Customer; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; import javax.ejb.EJB; import javax.faces.bean.RequestScoped; import javax.inject.Named; @Named(value = "resultManagedBean") @RequestScoped public class ResultManagedBean implements Serializable { @EJB private CustomerSessionBean customerSessionBean; public ResultManagedBean() { } private List<Customer> customers; @PostConstruct public void init(){ customers = customerSessionBean.getCustomers(); } public List<Customer> getCustomers() { return customers; } public void setCustomers(List<Customer> customers) { this.customers = customers; } } And the above refers to the EJB below, which is a standard EJB that I create in all my Java EE 6 demos: import com.mycompany.mavenproject3.entities.Customer; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; import javax.ejb.Stateless; import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext; @Stateless public class CustomerSessionBean implements Serializable{ @PersistenceContext EntityManager em; public List getCustomers() { return em.createNamedQuery("Customer.findAll").getResultList(); } } Only problem is that the columns are only sortable after the first time I use the filter.

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• Don't show gwibber messages in indicator applet

  - by berkes

  Gwibber turns the indicator-applet-icon blue, each time a new tweet appears in my timeline, which is always. It is therefore no longer usefull as a "there is a new message for you" resulting in many missed jabber/gtalk chats, finding emails half an hour late and so on. How can I mute Gwibber in there? Preferably so it only turns the new-message-icon blue on new replies and private messages in Gwibber. But certainly not on any update.

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• Creating Corporate Windows Phone Applications

  - by Tim Murphy

  Most developers write Windows Phone applications for their own gratification and their own wallets.  While most of the time I would put myself in the same camp, I am also a consultant.  This means that I have corporate clients who want corporate solutions.  I recently got a request for a system rebuild that includes a Windows Phone component.  This brought up the questions of what are the important aspects to consider when building for this situation. Let’s break it down in to the points that are important to a company using a mobile application.  The company want to make sure that their proprietary software is safe from use by unauthorized users.  They also want to make sure that the data is secure on the device. The first point is a challenge.  There is no such thing as true private distribution in the Windows Phone ecosystem at this time.  What is available is the ability to specify you application for targeted distribution.  Even with targeted distribution you can’t ensure that only individuals within your organization will be able to load you application.  Because of this I am taking two additional steps.  The first is to register the phone’s DeviceUniqueId within your system.  Add a system sign-in and that should cover access to your application. The second half of the problem is securing the data on the phone.  This is where the ProtectedData API within the System.Security.Cryptography namespace comes in.  It allows you to encrypt your data before pushing it to isolated storage on the device. With the announcement of Windows Phone 8 coming this fall, many of these points will have different solutions.  Private signing and distribution of applications will be available.  We will also have native access to BitLocker.  When you combine these capabilities enterprise application development for Windows Phone will be much simpler.  Until then work with the above suggestions to develop your enterprise solutions. del.icio.us Tags: Windows Phone 7,Windows Phone,Corporate Deployment,Software Design,Mango,Targeted Applications,ProtectedData API,Windows Phone 8

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• What is the best shopping cart or implementation for unlimited users posting unlimited products? [closed]

  - by Matt

  I've been working with x-cart much lately, and I was thinking about using it for a much larger site, but I don't know if it can handle what I'm looking for. I need a platform or strategy that can allow for as many users as possible where each can post multiple products (hopeful up to a hundred, but that's less important), but in their own private catalogs. So what am I looking for? With x-cart, I'm used to customizing it with jquery, smarty, and php, so I can handle that much.

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• November EC Meeting Minutes and Materials

  - by Heather VanCura

  The JCP EC meeting minutes and materials from the EC only portion of the 20 November meeting are now available on the EC Meeting Summaries page. Agenda: Part 1: Private EC meeting at 2:00 pm PST [PMO Presentation] Roll call Agenda review EC meeting attendance report Personnel changes EC stats Election results 2013 meeting planning JSR 358 Expert Group session Part 2: Public EC meeting at 3:00 pm PST [PMO presentation] Election results and the EC merge JSR 358 status report JCP 2.8 status update and community audit program - Heather VanCura Discussion/Q&A

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• Indian Broadband Services to Post Strong Growth

  Broadband is one of the most dynamic segments of the Indian telecommunication market. The expansion of Broadband services could be attributed to competitive pricing plans offered by the private telec... [Author: Shushmul Maheshwari - Computers and Internet - June 04, 2010]

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• When checking to see if I could update anything, get error message crossover and cannot open update manager

  - by Heather

  I am running ubunt 11.10 only on my computer. I had it off for a few months and wanted to see if it needed any updates. When I try to click on Update Manager, I get the following error message: Could not initialize the package information An unresolvable problem occurred while initializing the package information. Please report this bug against the 'update-manager' package and include the following error message: 'E:Opening /etc/apt/sources.list.d/private-ppa.launchpad.net_commercial-ppa-uploaders_crossover-games_ubuntu.list - ifstream::ifstream (13: Permission denied)'

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• Oracle Enhances Cloud Management with New Third Generation Release of Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c

  - by Patrick Rood

  Introduces Advancements in Cloud Lifecycle and Operations Management and Expanded Partner Ecosystem Cloud adoption is on the rise across many industries as organizations are seeking the agility benefits inherent in cloud computing. However, private and public cloud service providers are not able to take full advantage of cloud because of inefficiencies in IT management. Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c Release 3 addresses these challenges with new enhancements for managing infrastructure, middleware, and applications, allowing IT service providers to be more agile while further reducing the costs and complexity of their cloud and enterprise IT environments. Read the full press release here. 

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