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  • What is your strategy to avoid dynamic typing errors in Python (NoneType has no attribute x)?

    - by Koen Bok
    Python is one of my favorite languages, but I really have a love/hate relationship with it's dynamicness. Apart from the advantages, it often results in me forgetting to check a type, trying to call an attribute and getting the NoneType (or any other) has no attribute x error. A lot of them are pretty harmless but if not handled correctly they can bring down your entire app/process/etc. Over time I got better predicting where these could pop up and adding explicit type checking, but because I'm only human I miss one occasionally and then some end-user finds it. So I'm interested in your strategy to avoid these. Do you use type-checking decorators? Maybe special object wrappers? Please share...

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  • Python noob question - why is my simple regex not working?

    - by coson
    Good Day, I have a simple Python question that I'm having brain freeze on. This code snippet works. But when I substitue "258 494-3929" with phoneNumber, I get the following error below: # Compare phone number phone_pattern = '^\d{3} ?\d{3}-\d{4}$' # phoneNumber = str(input("Please enter a phone number: ")) if re.search(phone_pattern, "258 494-3929"): print "Pattern matches" else: print "Pattern doesn't match!" ####################################################### Pattern does not match Please enter a phone number: 258 494-3929 Traceback (most recent call last): File "pattern_match.py", line 16, in phoneNumber = str(input("Please enter a phone number: ")) File "", line 1 258 494-3929 ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax C:\Users\Developer\Documents\PythonDemo btw. I did import re and tried using rstrip in case of the \n What else could I be missing? TIA, coson

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  • Is there an equivalent in Scala to Python's more general map function?

    - by wheaties
    I know that Scala's Lists have a map implementation with signature (f: (A) => B):List[B] and a foreach implementation with signature (f: (A) => Unit):Unit but I'm looking for something that accepts multiple iterables the same way that the Python map accepts multiple iterables. I'm looking for something with a signature of (f: (A,B) => C, Iterable[A], Iterable[B] ):Iterable[C] or equivalent. Is there a library where this exists or a comparable way of doing similar?

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  • What is your strategy to avoid dynamic typing errors in Python (NoneType has not attribute x)?

    - by Koen Bok
    Python is one of my favorite languages, but I really have a love/hate relationship with it's dynamicness. Apart from the advantages, it often results in me forgetting to check a type, trying to call an attribute and getting the NoneType (or any other) has no attribute x error. A lot of them are pretty harmless but if not handled correctly they can bring down your entire app/process/etc. Over time I got better predicting where these could pop up and adding explicit type checking, but because I'm only human I miss one occasionally and then some end-user finds it. So I'm interested in your strategy to avoid these. Do you use type-checking decorators? Maybe special object wrappers? Please share...

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  • How to parse strings representing xml.dom.minidom nodes in python?

    - by Francis Davey
    I have a collection of nodes xml.dom.Node objects created using xml.dom.minidom. I store them (individually) in a database by converting them to a string using the toxml() method of a the Node object. The problem is that I'd sometimes like to be able to convert them back to the appropriate Node object using a parser of some kind. As far as I can see the various libraries shipped with python use Expat which won't parse a string like '' or indeed anything which is not a correct xml string. So, does anyone have any ideas? I realise I could pickle the nodes in some way and then unpickle them, but that feels unpleasant and I'd much rather be storing in a form I can read for maintenance purposes. Surely there is something that will do this?

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  • How can I skip the current item and the next in a Python loop?

    - by uberjumper
    This might be a really dumb question, however I've looked around online, etc. And have not seen a solid answer. Is there a simple way to do something like this? lines = open('something.txt', 'r').readlines() for line in lines: if line == '!': # force iteration forward twice line.next().next() <etc> It's easy to do in C++; just increment the iterator an extra time. Is there an easy way to do that in Python? I would just like to point, out the main purpose of this question is not about "reading files and such" and skipping things. I was more looking for C++ iterator style iteration. Also the new title is kinda dumb, and i dont really think it reflects the nature of my question.

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  • Is there anything for Python that is like readability.js?

    - by Emre Sevinç
    Hi, I'm looking for a package / module / function etc. that is approximately the Python equivalent of Arc90's readability.js http://lab.arc90.com/experiments/readability http://lab.arc90.com/experiments/readability/js/readability.js so that I can give it some input.html and the result is cleaned up version of that html page's "main text". I want this so that I can use it on the server-side (unlike the JS version that runs only on browser side). Any ideas? PS: I have tried Rhino + env.js and that combination works but the performance is unacceptable it takes minutes to clean up most of the html content :( (still couldn't find why there is such a big performance difference).

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  • how to work with strings and integers as bit strings in python?

    - by Manuel
    Hello! I'm developing a Genetic Algorithm in python were chromosomes are composed of strings and integers. To apply the genetic operations, I want to convert these groups of integers and strings into bit strings. For example, if one chromosome is: ["Hello", 4, "anotherString"] I'd like it to become something like: 0100100100101001010011110011 (this is not actual translation). So... How can I do this? Chromosomes will contain the same amount of strings and integers, but this numbers can vary from one algorithm run to another. To be clear, what I want to obtain is the bit representation of each element in the chromosome concatenated. If you think this would not be the best way to apply genetic operators (such as mutation and simple crossover) just tell me! I'm open to new ideas. Thanks a lot! Manuel

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  • Can I use an opened gzip file with Popen in Python?

    - by eric.frederich
    I have a little command line tool that reads from stdin. On the command line I would run either... ./foo < bar or ... cat bar | ./foo With a gziped file I can run zcat bar.gz | ./foo in Python I can do ... Popen(["./foo", ], stdin=open('bar'), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE) but I can't do import gzip Popen(["./foo", ], stdin=gzip.open('bar'), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE) I wind up having to run p0 = Popen(["zcat", "bar"], stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE) Popen(["./foo", ], stdin=p0.stdout, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE) Am I doing something wrong? Why can't I use gzip.open('bar') as an stdin arg to Popen?

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  • How to find the mime type of a file in python?

    - by Daren Thomas
    Let's say you want to save a bunch of files somewhere, for instance in BLOBs. Let's say you want to dish these files out via a web page and have the client automatically open the correct application/viewer. Assumption: The browser figures out which application/viewer to use by the mime-type (content-type?) header in the HTTP response. Based on that assumption, in addition to the bytes of the file, you also want to save the MIME type. How would you find the MIME type of a file? I'm currently on a Mac, but this should also work on Windows. Does the browser add this information when posting the file to the web page? Is there a neat python library for finding this information? A WebService or (even better) a downloadable database? Edit: Thank you, Dave Webb.

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  • Web Application within a Web Site in Visual Studio?

    - by Sean
    Visual Studio allows you to make "Web Sites" and "Web Applications", but, inside a project, can you have one within the other? Say I have my website "www.mysite.com" and I have an application called "BudgetCalculator". One the production server, this is supposed to be located at: www.mysite.com/BudgetCalculator And the BudgetCalculator app contains links back to other parts of the website, like "/page1" and "/page2". However in Visual Studio, when they're listed as two different projects, they're on the same level. When I fire up the debugger for the BudgetCalculator app, those links aren't going to point back to the main website, like they should. Is there a way around this?

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  • Why can't I get Python's urlopen() method to work?

    - by froadie
    Why isn't this simple Python code working? import urllib file = urllib.urlopen('http://www.google.com') print file.read() This is the error that I get: Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\workspace\GarchUpdate\src\Practice.py", line 26, in <module> file = urllib.urlopen('http://www.google.com') File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 87, in urlopen return opener.open(url) File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 206, in open return getattr(self, name)(url) File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 345, in open_http h.endheaders() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 892, in endheaders self._send_output() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 764, in _send_output self.send(msg) File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 723, in send self.connect() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 704, in connect self.timeout) File "C:\Python26\lib\socket.py", line 514, in create_connection raise error, msg IOError: [Errno socket error] [Errno 10060] A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond I've tried it with several different pages but I can never get the urlopen method to execute correctly.

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  • how i can open different linux terminal to output differnt kinds of debug information in python?

    - by Registered User KC
    Hi All, I need output different information to different terminal instances instead of print them in same output stream, say std.err or std.out. for example: I have 5 kinds of information say A-E need to be displayed on different terminal windows on same desktop, looks like [terminal 1] <- for displaying information A [terminal 2] <- for displaying information B [terminal 3] <- for displaying information C [terminal 4] <- for displaying information D [terminal 5] <- for displaying information E I know I can output them into different files, then open terminals read the file in loop, but what I want is python program can open terminal by program itself and print to them directly when it is needed. Is it possible? Thanks! KC

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  • Accessing a dictionary value by custom object value in Python?

    - by Sam
    So I have a square that's made up of a series of points. At every point there is a corresponding value. What I want to do is build a dictionary like this: class Point: def __init__(self, x, y): self._x = x self._y = y square = {} for x in range(0, 5): for y in range(0, 5): point = Point(x,y) square[point] = None However, if I later create a new point object and try to access the value of the dictionary with the key of that point it doesn't work.. square[Point(2,2)] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module> square[Point(2,2)] KeyError: <__main__.Point instance at 0x02E6C378> I'm guessing that this is because python doesn't consider two objects with the same properties to be the same object? Is there any way around this? Thanks

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  • How do I wrap a selection with an HTML tag in Visual Studio?

    - by dansays
    This seems like the most basic question in the world, but damned if I can find an answer. Is there a keyboard shortcut, either native to Visual Studio or through Code Rush or other third-party plug-in, to wrap the current selection with an HTML tag? I'm tired of typing the opening tag, cutting the misplaced closing tag to the clipboard, moving the cursor, and pasting it at the end where it belongs. Update: This is how TextMate handles surrounding a selection with a tag. Frankly, I'm stunned that Visual Studio doesn't seem to have a similar feature. Creating a macro or snippet for every conceivable tag I might want to use seems absurd.

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  • Python: does it make sense to refactor this check into it's own method?

    - by Jeff Fry
    I'm still learning python. I just wrote this method to determine if a player has won a game of tic-tac-toe yet, given a board state like:'[['o','x','x'],['x','o','-'],['x','o','o']]' def hasWon(board): players = ['x', 'o'] for player in players: for row in board: if row.count(player) == 3: return player top, mid, low = board for i in range(3): if [ top[i],mid[i],low[i] ].count(player) == 3: return player if [top[0],mid[1],low[2]].count(player) == 3: return player if [top[2],mid[1],low[0]].count(player) == 3: return player return None It occurred to me that I check lists of 3 chars several times and could refactor the checking to its own method like so: def check(list, player): if list.count(player) == 3: return player ...but then realized that all that really does is change lines like: if [ top[i],mid[i],low[i] ].count(player) == 3: return player to: if check( [top[i],mid[i],low[i]], player ): return player ...which frankly doesn't seem like much of an improvement. Do you see a better way to refactor this? Or in general a more Pythonic option? I'd love to hear it!

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  • How to use Visual Studio debugger visualizers built against a different framework version?

    - by michielvoo
    I compiled the ExpressionTreeVisualizer project found in the Visual Studio 2010 samples but when I try to use it in a .NET 3.5 project I get the exception below: Could not load file or assembly 'file:///C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Visual Studio 2010\Common7\Packages\Debugger\Visualizers\ExpressionTreeVisualizer.dll' or one of its dependencies. This assembly is built by a runtime newer than the currently loaded runtime and cannot be loaded. The sample project had the TargetFrameworkVersion set to v4.0 and after changing it to v3.5 and building it now works in my project. I changed the source code and project file and rebuilt it so that I now have two expression tree visualizers, one for v3.5 projects and one for v4.0 projects. Is there a better way? Thanks!

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  • python optparse, how to include additional info in usage output?

    - by CarpeNoctem
    Using python's optparse module I would like to add extra example lines below the regular usage output. My current help_print() output looks like this: usage: check_dell.py [options] options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -s, --storage checks virtual and physical disks -c, --chassis checks specified chassis components I would like it to include usage examples for the less *nix literate users at my work. Something like this: usage: check_dell.py [options] options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -s, --storage checks virtual and physical disks -c, --chassis checks specified chassis components Examples: check_dell -c all check_dell -c fans memory voltage check_dell -s How would I accomplish this? What optparse options allow for such? Current code: import optparse def main(): parser = optparse.OptionParser() parser.add_option('-s', '--storage', action='store_true', default=False, help='checks virtual and physical disks') parser.add_option('-c', '--chassis', action='store_true', default=False, help='checks specified chassis components') (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

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  • Find out 20th, 30th, nth prime number. (I'm getting 20th but not 30th?) [Python]

    - by gsin
    The question is to find the 1000th prime number. I wrote the following python code for this. The problem is, I get the right answer for the 10th , 20th prime but after that each increment of 10 leaves me one off the mark. I can't catch the bug here :( count=1 #to keep count of prime numbers primes=() #tuple to hold primes candidate=3 #variable to test for primes while count<20: for x in range(2,candidate): if candidate%x==0: candidate=candidate+2 else : pass primes=primes+(candidate,) candidate=candidate+2 count=count+1 print primes print "20th prime is ", primes[-1] In case you're wondering, count is initialised as 1 because I am not testing for 2 as a prime number(I'm starting from 3) and candidate is being incremented by 2 because only odd numbers can be prime numbers. I know there are other ways of solving this problem, such as the prime number theorem but I wanna know what's wrong with this approach. Also if there are any optimisations you have in mind, please suggest. Thank You

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  • How to setup directories in Visual Studio when using boost?

    - by Rich
    Hi, I have introduced boost to our code base, on my machine I created a boost directory called Thirdparty.Boost and added that as an additional include directory in my Visual Studio setting, all is fine. However I now want to check in my changes, so the rest of the team can get them. Inorder to build the code they would need to setup boost as I have (problem number 1). In addition we have a build server, which will need changing (problem 2). I have a way of distributing boost to everyone including the build server, so that's not a problem I need a way of referring to the boost directory without changing the default settings in Visual Studio. Why don't you change it on a project level I hear you cry? The solution has over 200 projects, which would require a lot of changes. I just wondered if there was another way? Cheers Rich

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