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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • Unable to make 2 parallel TCP requests to the same TCP Client

    - by soldieraman
    Error: Unable to read data from the transport connection: A blocking operation was interrupted by a call to WSACancelBlockingCall Situation There is a TCP Server My web application connects to this TCP Server Using the below code: TcpClientInfo = new TcpClient(); _result = TcpClientInfo.BeginConnect(<serverAddress>,<portNumber>, null, null); bool success = _result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(20000, true); if (!success) { TcpClientInfo.Close(); throw new Exception("Connection Timeout: Failed to establish connection."); } NetworkStreamInfo = TcpClientInfo.GetStream(); NetworkStreamInfo.ReadTimeout = 20000; 2 Users use the same application from two different location to access information from this server at the SAME TIME Server takes around 2sec to reply Both Connect But One of the user gets above error "Unable to read data from the transport connection: A blocking operation was interrupted by a call to WSACancelBlockingCall" when trying to read data from stream How can I resolve this issue? Use a better way of connecting to the server Can't because it's a server issue if a server issue, how should the server handle request to avoid this problem

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  • DBnull in Linq query causing problems

    - by nat
    hi there i am doing a query thus: int numberInInterval = (from dsStatistics.J2RespondentRow item in jStats.J2Respondent where item.EndTime > dtIntervalLower && item.EndTime <= dtIntervalUpper select item).count(); there appear to be some dbnulls in the endtime column.. any way i can avoid these? tried adding && where item.endtime != null.. and even != dbnull.value do i have to do a second (first) query to grab all that arent null then run the above one? im sure its super simple fix, but im still missing it.. as per thanks nat

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  • Possible apache/mysql/php wrapper?

    - by MrStatic
    I was tasked with writing a smallish program for data input and manipulation. My language of choice happens to be PHP. I have written out the program/site it all works fine is easily portable and everything but have one question. Is there anyway to wrap up apache/mysql/php into a bundle of one exe? I know of MoWes Portable and other options but I am looking to basically wrap everything up into a single exe without much fuss to the end user. My target users are very low on the computer savvy scale. I am trying to avoid a batch file for launching and don't really want them able to shutdown one part on accident and not another (IE shut off mysql but leave apache on).

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  • Resolving patch conflicts manually

    - by Antony Hatchkins
    I've downloaded a patch from some site and trying to apply it (twisted, python web framework). Several hunks failed. How do I automate manual patching process using vim? Details: I'm trying to automate the process of applying failed hunks. Many tiny changes, each about adding/removing 1-2 chars. Difficult to see. I Have to create two new temporary files and :diffthis them manually to see the difference. Yes, outside VCS. I can imagine a neat way to deal with it using git, but I would prefer to avoid creating git repo for that.

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  • Showing Live Wallpaper in a 1.6 target app by detecting if it's a 2.1 device?

    - by itamarw
    We're building an Android app with target SDK 1.6, so it will run on 1.6 devices and higher. We'd like to support Live Wallpapers, which we know is 2.1+ only. Is there a way to build one app with 1.6 SDK as the target, but detect if the device it's running on is 2.1, and only in that scenario call the live wallpaper API. We're trying to avoid having to build a separate 1.6 and 2.1 versions, and would like to be able to support Live Wallpapers for only 2.1 devices. So to be clear- 1 app, that can support 1.6 and higher, and support live wallpapers for 2.1 devices. Any way of doing this?

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  • When is JavaScript's eval() not evil?

    - by Richard Turner
    I'm writing some JavaScript to parse user-entered functions (for spreadsheet-like functionality). Having parsed the formula I could convert it into JavaScript and run eval() on it to yield the result. However, I've always shied away from using eval() if I can avoid it because it's evil (and, rightly or wrongly, I've always thought it is even more evil in JavaScript because the code to be evaluated might be changed by the user). Obviously one has to use eval() to parse JSON (I presume that JS libraries use eval() for this somewhere, even if they run the JSON through a regex check first), but when else, other than when manipulating JSON, it is OK to use eval()?

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  • ObjectDisposedException when outputting to console

    - by Sarah Vessels
    If I have the following code, I have no runtime or compilation problems: if (ConsoleAppBase.NORMAL_EXIT_CODE == code) { StdOut.WriteLine(msg); } else { StdErr.WriteLine(msg); } However, in trying to make this more concise, I switched to the following code: (ConsoleAppBase.NORMAL_EXIT_CODE == code ? StdOut : StdErr ).WriteLine(msg); When I have this code, I get the following exception at runtime: System.ObjectDisposedException: Cannot write to a closed TextWriter Can you explain why this happens? Can I avoid it and have more concise code like I wanted?

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  • Override comparison for F# set

    - by Mauricio Scheffer
    Is there any way to override the comparison function in a F# set? I don't see any set construction functions that take a IComparer<T> or comparison function: Set.ofSeq et al don't take a comparison function FSharpSet(IComparer<T> comparer, SetTree<T> tree) constructor is internal, because SetTree is internal and SetTreeModule.ofSeq<a>(IComparer<a> comparer, IEnumerable<a> c) is obviously internal too. My actual problem is that I have a set of ('a * 'a) and I want a comparison such that for example (1,3) = (3,1). I know I could wrap this in a type implementing IComparable<T>, but is there any way to avoid this?

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  • Correct way to detect sequence parameter?

    - by noamtm
    I want to write a function that accepts a parameter which can be either a sequence or a single value. The type of value is str, int, etc., but I don't want it to be restricted to a hardcoded list. In other words, I want to know if the parameter X is a sequence or something I have to convert to a sequence to avoid special-casing later. I could do type(X) in (list, tuple) but there may be other sequence types I'm not aware of, and no common base class. -N. Edit: See my "answer" below for why most of these answers don't help me. Maybe you have something better to suggest.

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  • Windows 32 or 64 bit using HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\WOW6432 Node

    - by JimDel
    I'm looking for a very simple way of determining if the version of Windows the customer is using is 32bit or 64bit. I know there are ways using .NEt but I'm looking to avoid them. I simply want to use something similar the below pseudo code and want to know if this method can be reliable. If Registry Key exists (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\WOW6432Node) Then Assume 64bit else Assume 32bit Thanks! EDIT: To be more specific, I know there a several different ways to accomplish the goal of finding out if the OS is 32 or 64bit. But I want to know if the above alone method would be reliable.

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  • jQuery style Constructors in PHP

    - by McB
    Is there a way to instantiate a new PHP object in a similar manner to those in jQuery? I'm talking about assigning a variable number of arguments when creating the object. For example, I know I could do something like: ... //in my Class __contruct($name, $height, $eye_colour, $car, $password) { ... } $p1 = new person("bob", "5'9", "Blue", "toyota", "password"); But I'd like to set only some of them maybe. So something like: $p1 = new person({ name: "bob", eyes: "blue"}); Which is more along the lines of how it is done in jQuery and other frameworks. Is this built in to PHP? Is there a way to do it? Or a reason I should avoid it?

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  • Sharepoint: Is it possible to automate the deployment of a custom CAS policy?

    - by user332133
    Hi all, I'm looking for a way to automate the deployment of a custom CAS policy in SharePoint. What i would like to achieve is the following: All assemblies that have been built and signed by our build server (with a secret key) should run in SharePoint under the 'higher than normal' trust level. Now I can manually edit the cas policy files to include something like this: <CodeGroup class="UnionCodeGroup" version="1" PermissionSetName="MyPermissionSet" Name="[My Company public key]" Description="Grants all "> <IMembershipCondition class="StrongNameMembershipCondition" version="1" PublicKeyBlob="[public key goes here]" /> </CodeGroup> And that works great. However, we have several huge sharepoint farms, with many applications running on it. I'd like to avoid having to manually edit all policy files to include this xml snippet. Is there a way to automate this? For example, from a feature? With kind regards, Erwin van der Valk

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  • Development deployment: how to achive edit-and-reload with JSP pages?

    - by doublep
    Out project uses WebLogic as web-server and uses mostly JSP for user interface. With standard setup it is possible to copy edited JSP files into the exploded deployment directory and WebLogic will automatically pick them up, recompile and serve new content through HTTP. However, is it possible to avoid copying at all, so that I just save a file in my editor and it is immediately (well, after a couple of seconds for recompilation) visible? The project uses Apache Ant as building tool. I would imagine what I want would be possible with symlinks (since this is for deployment only I don't care about cross-platformity), but then I don't see how it is possible to symlink lots of files at once with Ant. So, how do I achieve save-JSP-hit-F5-in-browser functionality either with some setting in WebLogic; or with symlinking JSPs using Apache Ant (instead of copying them as is done now); or something else completely?

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  • [PHP] Invalid argument supplied for foreach()

    - by Roberto Aloi
    It often happens to me to handle data that can be either an array or a null variable and to feed some foreach with these data. $values = get_values(); foreach ($values as $value){ ... } When you feed a foreach with data that are not an array, you get a warning: Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in [...] Assuming it's not possible to refactor the get_values() function to always return an array (backward compatibility, not available source code, whatever other reason), I'm wondering which is the cleanest and most efficient way to avoid these warnings: Casting $values to array Initializing $values to array Wrapping the foreach with an if Other (please suggest)

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  • Converting from SQL Server 2000 to 2005 for ASP.NET web App

    - by Bazza Formez
    Hi there, I'm moving my ASP.NET website to a new provider. Only problem is, old host support my SQL Server 2000 db. New host only supports SQL Server 2005. How should I go about the conversion ? Can I simply produce a backup of the 2000 (.bak) file at the old host, and restore that file into SQL Server 2005 at the new host ? Or is there more to it ?? Note that I don't own a copy of SQL Server 2005 at home... and I'm trying to avoid having to do so. Thanks, Bazza

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  • explicit copy constructor or implicit parameter by value

    - by R Samuel Klatchko
    I recently read (and unfortunately forgot where), that the best way to write operator= is like this: foo &operator=(foo other) { swap(*this, other); return *this; } instead of this: foo &operator=(const foo &other) { foo copy(other); swap(*this, copy); return *this; } The idea is that if operator= is called with an rvalue, the first version can optimize away construction of a copy. So when called with a rvalue, the first version is faster and when called with an lvalue the two are equivalent. I'm curious as to what other people think about this? Would people avoid the first version because of lack of explicitness? Am I correct that the first version can be better and can never be worse?

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  • Explanation for expires header

    - by sushil bharwani
    I have a joomla application working on Apache.To improve site performace we have written a .htaccess file to root of the application with setting a far future expires header to all the static content. As desired first time the files load in fresh with 200 status code. when again click on the same link many of the files are served directly from cache. I need explanation for two things When i press f5 then a number of files load with 304 status code however i expected them to be coming directly from cache without hitting the server for a status header? When i close the browser and come back to the same page again i see the same thing happening a number of files load with 304 status code although i thought they will load directly from the browser cache? I understand that 304 also servs file from browser cache but i want to avoid the header communication between servers as my static files wont ever change. Also i want to add that my requests are over a https connection does that create any issue.

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  • Saving gzipped string into Sqlite3 via Rails throws unrecognized token error

    - by user141146
    Hi, I'm using rails 2.3 and I'm trying to compress (gzip) text that I'd like to save using ActiveRecord into a sqlite database. However, the compressed text isn't being saved b/c I get this type of error: SQLite3::SQLException: unrecognized token: "'x##U?#7 Any thoughts on what I can do to avoid this error? should I compress the text in some other fashion? should I save the data using some other method(s)? Relevant code is below. # compress my text require 'zlib' defl = Zlib::Deflate test_string = "<h3>some text</h3>some additional text<p>here's some more text</p>" compressed_string = defl.deflate(test_string) => "x\234\263\3110\266+\316\317MU(I\255(\261\321\207\361\022SR2K2\363\363\022s \022\005v\031\251E\251\352\305\n`\331\334\374\"\230\206\002;\000\0225\027\222" ModelClass.new(:attribute1 => compressed_string).save ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: SQLite3::SQLException: unrecognized token: "'x#####+##MU(I#(#?####2K2#### v#E####

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  • Lazy loading in Hibernate

    - by Steve
    My Java Web application uses Hibernate to perform ORM. In some of my objects, I use lazy loading to avoid getting data until I absolutely need it. The problem is that I load the initial object in a session, and then that session is destroyed. When I later attempt to resolve the lazy-loaded collections in my object I get the following error: org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: common.model.impl.User.groups, no session or session was closed I tried associating a new session with the collection and then resolving, but this gives the same results. Does anyone know how I can resolve the lazy collections once the original session is gone? Thanks... --Steve

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  • Question regarding the ExtJS License

    - by stephemurdoch
    Let's say I create a CMS that uses ExtJS. I want to avoid the license fee, so I open-source the CMS on github. Now let's imagine that I make your friend Dave a website that uses my CMS. I spend three hundred hours designing a logo and designing the layout. Can I charge a fee for this, and would I be obliged to open-source Dave's website too or is it enough to just open-source the CMS? I find this LPGL license a little confusing. Say hi to Dave for me.

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  • Copying (or recovering) a .PFX password to another machine?

    - by Adam Robinson
    First things first, I'm aware of all of the finger-wagging potential that this question provides. However, I'm attempting to help out a friend with a project so I haven't been part of the decision making process thus far. I'm attempting to set up a new development machine, but one of the projects is signed with a .PFX key that's password protected and the original developer does not remember the password. The current development machine can open and build the project just fine, so I'm wondering if there is any way either to copy or to recover the saved password that Visual Studio is using on the original box so that the file can be used on the new box. Signing with a new file is obviously an option, but one that we'd prefer to avoid. Does anyone know of a way either to recover or copy the credentials for this file to a new machine?

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  • How to remove duplication from RSpec

    - by Asa
    context "answer is correct" do before(:each) do @answer = stub_model(Answer, :correct => true).as_new_record assigns[:answer] = @answer render "answers/summarize" end it "should display flashcard context properly" do response.should contain("Quiz") end it "should summarize results" do response.should contain("is correct") end end context "answer is incorrect" do before(:each) do @answer = stub_model(Answer, :correct => false).as_new_record assigns[:answer] = @answer render "answers/summarize" end it "should display flashcard context properly" do response.should contain("Quiz") end it "should summarize results" do response.should contain("is incorrect") end end How do I avoid repeating the following block within both of the above contexts? it "should display flashcard context properly" do response.should contain("Quiz") end

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  • Branchless memory manager?

    - by Richard Fabian
    Anyone thought about how to write a memory manager (in C++) that is completely branch free? I've written a pool, a stack, a queue, and a linked list (allocating from the pool), but I am wondering how plausible it is to write a branch free general memory manager. This is all to help make a really reusable framework for doing solid concurrent, in-order CPU, and cache friendly development. Edit: by branchless I mean without doing direct or indirect function calls, and without using ifs. I've been thinking that I can probably implement something that first changes the requested size to zero for false calls, but haven't really got much more than that. I feel that it's not impossible, but the other aspect of this exercise is then profiling it on said "unfriendly" processors to see if it's worth trying as hard as this to avoid branching.

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  • Ideal way to deliver large data over Web Services

    - by zengr
    We are trying to design 6 web services, which will serve another client component. The client component requires data from the web service we are implementing. Now, the problem is, there is not 1 WS we are implementing, there is one WS which the client component hits, this initiates a series (5 more) of WSs which gather data from their respective data stores and finally provide the data back to the original WS, which then delivers the data back to the client component. So, if the requested data becomes huge, then, this will be a serious problem for our internal communication channel. So, what do you guys suggest? What can be done to avoid overloading of the communication channel between the internal WS and at the same time, also delivering the data to the client component.

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