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  • How can I run a job when the server load is low?

    - by jberryman
    I have a command that runs a disk snapshot (on EC2, freezing an XFS disk and running an EBS snapshot command), which is set to run on a regular schedule as a cron job. Ideally I would like to be able to have the command delayed for a period of time if the disk is being used heavily at the moment the task is scheduled to run. I'm afraid that using nice/ionice might not have the proper effect, as I would like the script to run with high priority while it is running (i.e. wait for a good time, then finish fast). Thanks.

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  • How to know if my nginx is in good health?

    - by Howard
    I am running a nginx on EC2 (m1.small) for SSL termination. I am using 2 workers on Ubuntu, with latest nginx (stable), the network throughput is around 2Mbps and system load average is around 2 to 3. I am wondering if this system is in good health for now, e.g. what is the queue length (I know nginx can handle a lot of concurrent request, but I mean before the request is being served, how many of them need to wait before being served) what is the average queue time for a given request to be served. I want to know because if my nginx is cpu bounded (e.g. due to SSL), I will need to upgrade to a faster instance. My current nginx status Active connections: 4076 server accepts handled requests 90664283 90664283 104117012 Reading: 525 Writing: 81 Waiting: 3470

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  • Is it secure to store the cert/key on a private AMI?

    - by Phillip Oldham
    Are there any major security implications to bundling a private AMI which contains the private key/certificate & environment variables? For resiliency I'm creating an EC2 image which should be able to boot and configure itself without any intervention. After boot it will attempt to: Attach & mount specific EBS volume(s) Associate a specific Elastic IP Start issuing backups of the EBS volume(s) to S3 However, to do this it will need the private key/pem files and will need certain environment variables to be available on start-up. Since this is a private AMI I'm wondering if it will be "safe" to store these variables/files directly in the image so that I don't need to specify any user-data information and can therefore start a new instance remotely (from my iPhone, if needed) should the instance be terminated for any reason.

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  • Cheapest High Available Web Server [closed]

    - by xyz
    I would like to create a high-available setup (e.g. a small cluster) for a webserver, i.e. it will run Apache, PHP and MySQL. There will be between 2-8 small websites running with only very little traffic and workload. High availability is however very important. I don't want to be dependent on 1 datacenter, so there must be a minimum of 2 servers placed in different datacenters, and if one server goes down, the user must experience no or only a minimum of downtime - and no data loss. I have considered Amazon AWS using their Elastic Load Balancing, since it is possible to buy 2 EC2 instances in 2 availability zones and set up load balancing and RDS (Multi-AZ). However this seems rather expensive. Using the AWS price calculator http://calculator.s3.amazonaws.com/calc5.html it totals to 185$/month the first year (including the free tier). Are my calculations incorrect or is there a cheaper way to make this HA setup? Best regards

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  • Tomcat access logs - are failed requests included?

    - by Maxim Eliseev
    We have a RESTful web service (Java, hosted in Tomcat on Ubuntu on Amazon EC2). From time to time it fails (not every week). When it fails, Java CPU consumption goes to 100% and it takes all available memory. It does not finish by itself. I have to restart the server. There is nothing suspicious in Tomcat access logs. I guess one of our users could submit a very "heavy" request which brought the server down. Is it possible this request is not in Tomcat logs since it never finished?

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  • Amazon Linux AMI release 2010.11.1 corresponds to which RHEL version (4/5/6)?

    - by Jayesh
    I am using the default Amazon Linux AMI in an EC2 instance - Amazon Linux AMI release 2010.11.1. I can see that it's a Redhat based system, but after trying many tools (/etc/issues, uname -a, lsb_release), I cannot tell which version of RHEL or CentOS is it based on. I need to get some packages that are not available in Amazon's package repos. I have list of custom yum repos that I can use, but since I don't know which RHEL version is the Amazon AMI based on, I cannot choose from different versions of repos. How can I find whether it's running RHEL 4/5/6 (or their CentOS counterparts)?

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  • "Cannot allocate memory" while no process seems to be using up memory

    - by omat
    I am not competent on server issues, any help is much appreciated. When try to start a python/django shell on a linux box, I am getting OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory. free -m seems to confirm I am out of memory: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 590 560 29 0 3 37 -/+ buffers/cache: 518 71 Swap: 0 0 0 But I cannot see what is eating up the memory with top or ps aux: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 24336 908 0 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.68 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.85 ksoftirqd/0 How can I identify the leak? Thanks. BTW, I am not sure if it is relevant, but the machine I am talking about is an AWS EC2 instance with Ubuntu 12 running.

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  • Persistent Spot Instance Request with CloudFormation

    - by PapelPincel
    Is it possible to create "Persistent Spot Instance" with AWS CloudFormation ? I'm going through the Autoscale and EC2 CloudFormation's template references but there is no mention how to set a property so the Spot requests stay persistent. When the price bid lower than the actual spot price AWS brings the instances down. I would like the instances to be started automatically when the instance price is cheaper again. This can be set manually when creating a new spot instance request by checking the option "Persistent Request" in the "Request Instances Wizard".

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  • Intermittent apt-get 'no installation candidate' error on fabric deploy

    - by jberryman
    I'm experiencing a strange issue with a fabric script I'm using to bootstrap a server on EC2. I launch a stock Ubuntu 12.04 AMI, wait for it to start, then proceed with: with settings(host_string="ubuntu@%s" % i.dns_name, connection_attempts=30): sudo('apt-get -qy update') sudo('apt-get -qy install --no-install-recommends mdadm') # don't install postfix #etc... The apt-get update appears to run fine and gives no errors, however (2/3 of the time or so) installing mdadm throws a "no installation candidate" error. When I ssh into the server and run apt-get install mdadm I get the same error. Running apt-get update by hand, then the package installs fine. Any ideas on what might be happening, or ideas for debugging?

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  • MMS gets hostname from uname and can't connect to it

    - by Adam Monsen
    I'm trying to get 10gen's MongoDB Monitoring Service monitoring my 3-node replica set. The replica set running in an AWS VPC. Each node runs on a different [virtual] machine. Assume their IPs are 192.168.1.1 (primary or secondary), 192.168.1.2 (primary or secondary), 192.168.1.3 (arbiter). From a quick look at the source, MMS appears to get the hostname of the machine it is running on like so: platform.uname()[1] For my VPC EC2 instance, this returns something like ip-192-168-1-1 MMS then tries to connect to this hostname, which does not resolve. I'd rather just use IP addresses (since they're always static), but it seems like the hardcoded use of platform.uname()[1] in mmsAgent.py precludes that. So, what's an elegant way out of this? Hack /etc/hosts? I'm not setting up a DNS server just for this. Maybe I'm just misunderstanding how to configure MMS.

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  • growing EBS RAID volume

    - by Ryan Fernandes
    I've created a RAID0 configuration with two 1GB EBS volumes, mounted at /dev/md0 using mdadm and formatted with XFS Next, I copied some files over to fill the volume to around 30% of its capacity (of 2GB) I then created snapshots of the volumes using ec2-consistent-snapshot and created volumes of the said snapshots but specified the volume size to be 2GB (effective doubling the capacity on each disk) I then spun up a new instance, assembled the RAID0 configuration on /dev/md0 from the 2 volumes mentioned above and mount it to /vol df -hT showed /vol as 2GB (as expected) Now I ran sudo xfs_growfs -d /vol. The command completed normally but reported blocks changed from 523776 to 524160 (only!) and df -hT still showed /vol as 2GB (instead of the expected 4GB) I rebooted, remounted, reassembled the RAID but it still reports the old size. EDIT: trying to grow the RAID using mdadm --grow yields mdadm: raid0 array /dev/md0 cannot be reshaped Is there any other way I can grow a RAID0 array?

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  • Force ID of user created by apt-get

    - by Bart van Heukelom
    Context: I'm automatically installing postgresql-9.1 on an Ubuntu server with apt-get. This creates the required postgres user. The Postgres data is on an external volume that survives reinstalls. This data is obviously owned by the postgres user. The problem I'm having is that the ownership is not recorded under the name postgres, but under the UID that postgres had at creation time. When the server is reinstalled, postgres sometimes gets a different UID, and no longer owns the data directory, and thus does not work. Question: Can I force the UID of the user postgres created by apt-get to something fixed? Or is there another way to solve my problem? (As you may have deduced, this is on Amazon EC2 with the data on an EBS volume)

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  • Detaching EBS Volumes (in LVM) take a lot of time

    - by Cheezo
    I have an EC2 Instance(EBS Backed-root partition) with EBS volumes configured via LVM. I have formatted it as ext4 and can mount it to store data etc. Now i want take a snapshot of the root partition, hence in that case i go and detach the other non-root EBS volumes (configured in LVM). Here a regular detach does not work, and i have "force" detach almost always. Although, i another similar setup with RAID instead of LVM and there after stopping RAID, i can easily detach. The whole setup is running Ubuntu Maverick 10.10 Please assist me in the same.

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  • How frequent are network partitions on cloud services?

    - by roja
    Much is made of the CAP trade-off for data storage where conflicts can be introduced if there is a network partition. My question is there any evidence that this is a problem that arises with any significant frequency in modern cloud IAAS services e.g.; EC2, Azure, Rackspace. Is it a problem which, despite being a theoretical roadblock in constructing idealised distributed systems is, in fact, a non-issue for all practical concerns? Has anyone experienced a network partition within one of these systems (within a single data-centre?) If so would you be willing to share any details?

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  • Setting up Amazon Cloudwatch to get an alert when you server is down

    - by Saif Bechan
    I have an instance running on Amazon EC2 that I turned into a webserver. Now I have been looking at cloudwatch, but I do not know if it is the correct tool for the job. Basically I want to get informed when the server is down, for whatever reason. Maybe the server got hacked, or the server shut down for whatever reason, I want to get a notification on that. I have enabled clouwatch, and tried to set up a alert, but I only see things like network in-out or cpu usage, an d metrix. Now I do not know if these will do the trick.

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  • Sharing / replicating EBS across AWS nodes

    - by skrat
    I would like to use single EBS storage across multiple EC2 nodes (web/app servers). I've read some articles on snapshot sharing, but that doesn't suit well for what we need. We use filesystem for storing DB record attachments, so if one such attachment gets created, we need it to be immediately available to all nodes (to serve). So far only NFS seem to be viable, but it's a pain to configure and maintain. Another option could be storing those attachments on S3 instead, but that would cut us of doing any analysis on that data. This must be quite common problem when scaling in AWS, what solutions are there?

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  • Cloud hosting and single hardware point of failure?

    - by PeterB
    From talking to sales I thought Rackspace Cloud was running on a SAN and compute nodes (as VMWare's offerings do), only to find out it doesn't, so when the host server goes down for maintenance all cloud servers on the server go down (in our case for 2.5 hours). I understand Amazon EC2 also has this single-server point of failure. Which cloud hosting solutions don't rely on a single server? I've yet to find a list by architecture Is there a term that distinguishes between these types of 'cloud'? Is one of these 'grid computing' and the other 'virtualisation'? Can a SAN backed solution provide the same reliability as 2 mirrored cloud servers on (say) Rackspace Cloud? I am more familiar with the VMWare architecture and would like to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. I understand the standard architecture is to have multiple cloud servers and mirrored data between them; until we need multiple database servers I'm wondering if a SAN/node hosting solution would provide the lack of downtime we need without the added complexity.

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  • Linux freezes every few seconds

    - by Zeppomedio
    We're having an issue where one our Linux boxes (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, running on EC2 with a quadruple-large size, 68GB of RAM and 8 virtual cores with 3.25GHz each) freezes up every few seconds. Typing in an ssh session will freeze, and running strace on one of the Postgresql processes that's running usually shows: 02:37:41.567990 semop(7831581, {{3, -1, 0}}, 1 for a few seconds before it proceeds (it always gets stuck at that semop). OProfile shows that most of the time is spent in the kernel (60%) versus 37% in Postgresql. The result of these halts (which began suddenly a day ago) is that load on the box has gone from 0.7 to 10+, and causes our entire stack to slow done. Any ideas on how to track down what's going on? iostat doesn't show the disks being particularly slow or overloaded, and top shows user cpu % spike from 8% to about 40% whenever these back-ups happen.

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  • What exactly is an invalid HTTP_HOST header

    - by rolling stone
    I've implemented Django's relatively new allowed hosts setting, which is meant to prevent attackers from submitting requests with a fake HTTP Host header. Since adding that setting, I now get anywhere from 20-100 emails a day notifying me of invalid HTTP_HOST headers. I've copied in an example of a typical error message below. I'm hosting my site on EC2, and am relatively new to setting up/maintaining a server, so my question is what exactly is happening here, and what is the best way to manage these invalid and I assume malicious requests? [Django] ERROR: Invalid HTTP_HOST header: 'www.launchastartup.com'.You may need to add u'www.launchastartup.com' to ALLOWED_HOSTS.

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  • Dynamically changing one-node Cassandra cluster to two nodes

    - by Jason Axelson
    So I have an application that will be very dormant most of the time but will need high-bursting a few days out of the month. Since we are deploying on EC2 I would like to keep only one Cassandra server up most of the time and then on burst days I want to bring one more server up (with more RAM and CPU than the first) to help serve the load. What is the best way to do this? Should I take a different approach? Some notes about what I plan to do: Bring the node up and repair it immediately After the burst time is over decommission the powerful node Use the always-on server as the seed node My main question is how to get the nodes to share all the data since I want a replication factor of 2 (so both nodes have all the data) but that won't work while there is only one server. Should I bring up 2 extra servers instead of just one?

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  • Setup Apache in Amazon AWS

    - by hudarsono
    Hi, I tried to setup apache 2.2 in amazon aws using amazon ami. i did installed httpd and php and congirue http.conf to use /var/www/html. Then put file index.html on that folder. But when i tried to use browser to browse my domain which is ec2-122-248-255-181.ap-southeast-1.compute.amazonaws.com, nothing was loaded. I did start httpd by running apachectl start, and i can see it listening on port 80. Does anybody know what is wrong?

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  • How to install stuff on Ubuntu

    - by Industrial
    Hi everyone, I have just launched my first EC2 instance and choosed a Ubuntu image to start from, since it's quite well documented. However, I am trying to install the Redis package: http://packages.ubuntu.com/lucid/redis-server Maybe I am not googling properly or just stupid since the weekend is approaching, but I'll keep getting errors: root@ip-10-229-123-199:~# sudo apt-get install redis-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done E: Couldn't find package redis-server I'll assume that I need to add a repository or something to Ubuntu to help it find the package I want, but how do I do it? I can only find graphical guides which doesnt help me too much since I am using SSH. Thanks alot!

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  • intermittent SSH with ssh_exchange_identification error

    - by rafamvc
    My ssh connection to my server works every 30 min for around 10 min. Things that I figure out that might be the problem: The server is underload (it is a database server), but on those spare moments that I can connect, it is still under the same load, which doesnt make sense. The server is a ubuntu, and the consolekit was using a lot of virtual memory. Restarted the consolekit and it seems to be using a right amount of memory now. It is not the host alows or deny. Those are setup properly. It is not a firewall problem. Those settings were working and the same settings are working for other similar machines. It is on the ec2. Amazon cloud.

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  • How do you prevent Git from printing 'remote:' on each line of the output of a post-recieve hook?

    - by Matt Hodan
    I recently configured an EC2 instance with a Git deployment workflow that resembles Heroku, but I can't seem to figure out how Heroku prevents the Git post-receive hook from outputting 'remote:' on each line. Consider the following two examples (one from my EC2 project and one from a Heroku project): My EC2 project: git push prod master Counting objects: 9, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 456 bytes, done. Total 5 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0) remote: remote: Receiving push remote: Deploying updated files (by resetting HEAD) remote: HEAD is now at bf17da8 test commit remote: Running bundler to install gem dependencies remote: Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/ remote: Installing rake (0.8.7) remote: Installing abstract (1.0.0) ... remote: Installing railties (3.0.0) remote: Installing rails (3.0.0) remote: Your bundle is complete! It was installed into ./.bundle/gems remote: Launching (by restarting Passenger)... done remote: To ssh://[email protected]/~/apps/app_name e8bd06f..bf17da8 master -> master Heroku: $> git push heroku master Counting objects: 179, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (89/89), done. Writing objects: 100% (105/105), 42.70 KiB, done. Total 105 (delta 53), reused 0 (delta 0) -----> Heroku receiving push -----> Rails app detected -----> Gemfile detected, running Bundler version 1.0.3 Unresolved dependencies detected; Installing... Using --without development:test Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/ Installing rake (0.8.7) Installing abstract (1.0.0) ... Installing railties (3.0.0) Installing rails (3.0.0) Your bundle is complete! It was installed into ./.bundle/gems Compiled slug size is 4.8MB -----> Launching... done http://your_app_name.heroku.com deployed to Heroku To [email protected]:your_app_name.git 3bf6e8d..642f01a master -> master

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  • Security as a Service (SecaaS) for Amazon EC2

    - by Dave
    I'm looking for a security as a service (SecaaS) provider or open source solution for Amazon EC2 instances, however I can't seem to find much on Google or elsewhere so was wondering if anyone knows where I could find this service? Ideally I'm looking for something that offers virtual firewalls, email and web security and virtual spam prevention. If anyone has any information on SecaaS i'd appreciate it, Thanks in advance

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