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• Is basing storage requirements based on IOPS sufficient?

  - by Boden

  The current system in question is running SBS 2003, and is going to be migrated on new hardware to SBS 2008. Currently I'm seeing on average 200-300 disk transfers per second total across all the arrays in the system. The array seeing the bulk of activity is a 6 disk 7200RPM RAID 6 and it struggles to keep up during high traffic times (idle time often only 10-20%; response times peaking 20-50+ ms). Based on some rough calculations this makes sense (avg ~245 IOPS on this array at 70/30 read to write ratio). I'm considering using a much simpler disk configuration using a single RAID 10 array of 10K disks. Using the same parameters for my calculations above, I'm getting 583 average random IOPS / sec. Granted SBS 2008 is not the same beast as 2003, but I'd like to make the assumption that it'll be similar in terms of disk performance, if not better (Exchange 2007 is easier on the disk and there's no ISA server). Am I correct in believing that the proposed system will be sufficient in terms of performance, or am I missing something? I've read so much about recommended disk configurations for various products like Exchange, and they often mention things like dedicating spindles to logs, etc. I understand the reasoning behind this, but if I've got more than enough random I/O overhead, does it really matter? I've always at the very least had separate spindles for the OS, but I could really reduce cost and complexity if I just had a single, good performing array. So as not to make you guys do my job for me, the generic version of this question is: if I have a projected IOPS figure for a new system, is it sufficient to use this value alone to spec the storage, ignoring "best practice" configurations? (given similar technology, not going from DAS to SAN or anything)

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• Share Point ACL on OSX Lion Server - Posix group always takes over ACLs

  - by Ben

  Trying to configure a share point on a Lion Server machine. The directory is created by the local server admin (serveradmin) and has rwxr-x--- given to it. The serveradmin user belongs to the local staff group so serveradmin readwrite staff group read Others none We have an OD group for all the employees (Workers) . Using the Server tool we've given Full Control to the share point: Workers Full Control serveradmin readwrite staff group read Others none We would assume that Workers could then do what they want on the share but that doesn't seem to be the case. It appears the POSIX permissions take over the ACL permissions for Worker. If I change the staff permission to readwrite then the Workers can create a file or folder in the share point. I would think the ACL should take over but it doesn't, posix always win, rendering ACL useless. Furthermore if I leave the readwrite permission for staff and take Write permission away for the Workers group then the posix group still wins. Essentially the Workers ACL does absolutely nothing. There are reports of similar problems in this Apple forum thread: https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3722901 The directory nesting fix suggested there doesn't work for us. Has anyone had similar issues and know how to fix this? Edit: in Workgroup Manager the employees user are set to primary group staff and given the additional OD group Workers. Changing their primary group doesn't help, it only shifts the problem onto Others taking over rights (logically) Edit 2: Ok, this is interesting, adding OD Users to the share's ACL works totally fine

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• Laptop authentication/logon via accelerometer tilt, flip, and twist

  - by wonsungi

  Looking for another application/technology: A number of years ago, I read about a novel way to authenticate and log on to a laptop. The user simply had to hold the laptop in the air and execute a simple series of tilts and flips to the laptop. By logging accelerometer data, this creates a unique signature for the user. Even if an attacker watched and repeated the exact same motions, the attacker could not replicate the user's movements closely enough. I am looking for information about this technology again, but I can't find anything. It may have been an actual feature on a laptop, or it may have just been a research project. I think I read about it in a magazine like Wired. Does anyone have more information about authentication via unique accelerometer signatures? Here are the closest articles I have been able to find: Knock-based commands for your Linux laptop Shake Well Before Use: Authentication Based on Accelerometer Data[PDF] Inferring Identity using Accelerometers in Television Remote Controls User Evaluation of Lightweight User Authentication with a Single Tri-Axis Accelerometer Identifying Users of Portable Devices from Gait Pattern with Accelerometers[PDF] 3D Signature Biometrics Using Curvature Moments[PDF] MoViSign: A novel authentication mechanism using mobile virtual signatures

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• LSI MegaRAID LINUX got Optimal after degradation but strange POST message

  - by kesrut

  Linux server box with LSI MegaRAID controller got degraded. But after some time RAID status changed to Optimal. Adapter 0 -- Virtual Drive Information: Virtual Drive: 0 (Target Id: 0) Name : RAID Level : Primary-1, Secondary-0, RAID Level Qualifier-0 Size : 2.727 TB Mirror Data : 2.727 TB State : Optimal Strip Size : 256 KB Number Of Drives per span:2 Span Depth : 3 Default Cache Policy: WriteBack, ReadAdaptive, Cached, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Current Cache Policy: WriteThrough, ReadAdaptive, Cached, No Write Cache if Bad BBU Default Access Policy: Read/Write Current Access Policy: Read/Write Disk Cache Policy : Disk's Default Encryption Type : None Is VD Cached: No But now I'm getting RAID BIOS POST message: Your battery is either charging, bad or missing, and you have VDs configured for write-back mode. Because the battery is not currently usable, these VDs willl actually run in write-through mode until the battery is fully charged or replaced if it is bad or missing. (Image: http://cl.ly/image/1h1O093b1i2d) So may it be battery issue caused problem ? I get information about battery: BatteryType: iBBU Voltage: 4001 mV Current: 0 mA Temperature: 22 C Battery State : Operational BBU Firmware Status: Charging Status : None Voltage : OK Temperature : OK Learn Cycle Requested : No Learn Cycle Active : No Learn Cycle Status : OK Learn Cycle Timeout : No I2c Errors Detected : No Battery Pack Missing : No Battery Replacement required : No Remaining Capacity Low : No Periodic Learn Required : No Transparent Learn : No No space to cache offload : No Pack is about to fail & should be replaced : No Cache Offload premium feature required : No Module microcode update required : No Where can be problem ? I'm disabled alarms, but get them if enabled. But don't know how find root of problem.

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• Slow performance on VMWare Linux server after Tomcat install

  - by Loftx

  We have a VMWare ESXi 4.1 server hosting a number of Linux and Windows guests. Recently a new Linux guest was added to this server and seemed to be performing well. Tomcat and some other applications on this server were then installed which seem to have caused the server to run really slowly without any obvious resource issues. Slow performance include: The time taken to bring up the password prompt over ssh takes a few seconds when it was previously instantaneous. The time taken to unzip a zip file which was previously a few seconds now takes around 30 seconds The time taken to compile vmware tools has increased by similar factors Both the VMWare console and monitoring commands don't report any issues with high CPU or memory usage but something is obviously slowing the server down somehow. Does anyone have any ideas what may be causing this issue and how it can be resolved? Thanks, Tom Edit As per your questions I’ve looked at some of the performance indicators on both the VM host and VM guest indicated. Firstly I tried reserving the full amount of memory (3gb) for this VM – no other machines on this server have any memory reservation. The swap in rate and swap out rate for the VM host and guest are now both zero. Balloon memory on the guest is zero and on the host is 3.5gb (total memory on the host is 12gb) The swap rate for the guest is also zero. Swap used by the host is 200mb on average. Compression and decompression rates for the host and guest are zero. Command aborts for the host are zero. Read latency is very low – maximum 10ms average 0.8ms. Write latency is higher – a few spikes to 170ms but mostly around 25ms – is this bad? Queue command latency is zero . Physical disk read latency averages 5ms but often 10ms Physical disk write latency averages 15ms but is often 20ms I hope this helps - let me know if you need any more information.

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• I am unable to run a client/server program in php

  - by sibi

  This is the program I am trying to run: $host = "127.0.0.1"; $port = 25003; // don't timeout! set_time_limit(0); // create socket $socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0) or die("Could not create socket\n"); // bind socket to port $result = socket_bind($socket, $host, $port) or die("Could not bind to socket\n"); // start listening for connections $result = socket_listen($socket, 3) or die("Could not set up socket listener\n"); // accept incoming connections // spawn another socket to handle communication $spawn = socket_accept($socket) or die("Could not accept incoming connection\n"); // read client input $input = socket_read($spawn, 1024) or die("Could not read input\n"); // clean up input string $input = trim($input); echo "Client Message : ".$input; // reverse client input and send back $output = strrev($input) . "\n"; socket_write($spawn, $output, strlen ($output)) or die("Could not write output\n"); // close sockets socket_close($spawn); socket_close($socket); I enabled the PHP_socket option in WAMP but still I keep getting errors like unable to bind. Can someone please help me out?

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• Line-length-tolerant XML diff

  - by Jon Skeet

  I've looked at the answers to this question, and unfortunately none of them has helped me so far. Not to beat about the bush, the second edition of C# in Depth is now in copy edit. I want to be able to see what the copy editor's done really easily, so I can reject or accept his changes. We're using a modified form of docbook, but I'm happy enough looking at the raw XML source. All fine so far - except that when the copy editor makes a change, that can change the line wrapping. So something that used to read: <para>Foo bar baz second line</para> now reads <para>Foo bar grontle baz second line</para> Now the real change here is the insertion of "grontle". I don't care that "baz" has moved from the first line to the second line... but all the diff tools I've seen do. I realise that one option would be to reformat the whole document (or possibly just whole paragraphs) into single lines... but that's then really hard to read, because diff tools don't wrap when they're displaying. I'm sure I can manage with the tools I've got, but if anyone knows of anything better, I'd be really glad to hear about it. I suspect my publishers would too :) (I've included the Windows tag here because I'd really need it to be available on Windows. I'd like to hear about any non-Windows software too, but only in case I could help to build it on Windows :)

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• Word 2013 can't compare readonly files

  - by Moshe Katz

  I am using Tortoise SVN to work with a repository that contains some documentation saved as Word documents. On my old computer, with Office 2010, I was able to compare with previous revisions. Tortoise would open Word in compare view so I could see the differences between the files. I have installed Office 2013 (final version from Technet, not the preview version) on my new laptop for testing and now I can no longer compare Word Documents. Tortoise pops up a generic error that it was unable to compare the two files. Tortoise uses a JScript file to interface with Word, so I ran that file through a debugger and found that the actual error is: The Compare method or property is not available because this command is not available for reading. Some Googling followed by some testing revealed that the error is caused by the first file opened (in this case, the previous version) being opened as Read-Only. If I change the JScript code to open in normal mode, and I find the file on the system and un-check the "Read Only" property (if necessary), then the comparison opens as expected. I was unable to find any documentation about this change to Word on any Microsoft site. Does anyone know why this has been changed, and if it is intentional and not a bug, what the benefit is of requiring the file to be writable in order to compare it with another? Note: This is tagged word-2013-preview but it is actually for the release version of Word that is available on MSDN and Technet. I do not have enough rep. on this site to create new tags (yet).

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• samba "username map" stopped to work

  - by Kris_R

  It was time to upgrade our group server (new HDs, problems with old installation of DRBD, etc..). Going as usually for CentOS i upgraded whole system from 6.3 to 6.4 The later one came with samba 3.6 as the old one was 3.5. I transferred most of users by copying /etc/password, /etc/shadow and samba accounts with pdbedit. Homes were on nfs-drive. The translation of unix accounts to samba accounts are located in /etc/samba/smbusers. Strangely enough on some windows clients there was problem to connect to samba-shares. In one case the only thing that worked was, instead of giving windows name, to use the unix account. In another one, it was possible to mount network drive and to open it in Windows Explorer, however other applications like "Total commander" at the attempt of opening this drive gave the message "Cannot connect to z:" (sometimes at this moment user/pass were requested). The smb.conf has following entries: [global] security = user passdb backend = tdbsam username map = /etc/samba/smbusers ... [Kris] comment = Kris's Private path = /SMB/Users/Kris writeable = yes read only = no browseable = yes users = krisr printable = no security mask = 0777 force security mode = 0 directory security mask = 0777 force directory security mode = 0 force create mode = 0775 force directory mode = 6775 The smbusers: # Unix_name = SMB_name1 SMB_name2 ... krisr = Kris Of course testparm runs without any errors. I was used from samba 3.5 to outputs of form Mapped user Kris to krisr. Nothing like this happens now. Just message check_sam_security: Couldn't find user Kris in passdb. I read on web that some guys had problem with 3.6 and security = ADS, but these were not helpful for me. I'm seriously thinking about downgrading back to samba 3.5 but before this step I wanted to ask if somebody knows the solution of these problems. p.s. i've asked this question at serverfault but no answer came. Maybe I have more luck with this forum. Sorry for duplicate if any of you reads both.

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• Sync Two Exchange accounts or Ready Only access to subfolders

  - by cpgascho

  This is two questions kind of. The situation is as follows. I am running SBS 2008 with Exchange 2007. There is a shared account which has subfolders to keep track of the process of jobs that are coming into the company (ie: sales) I need to give other people in the company read access to this mailbox not full control. When I give ready only access to the root other users can only see the Inbox and not subfolders. Permissions have to be applied to each folder. One solution I have considered is creating a secondary mailbox that everyone could have full access too which would have a one way sync from the sales mailbox to the secondary mailbox. Then people could see what was happening without messing up the main mailbox by accident (at worst they would mess up the secondary mailbox) Ideally I could find a way to propgate the READ ONLY Permissiosn to all the subfolders. I have tried using PFDavAdmin to do this but have not been able to get it to connect successfully from Windows 7 To Exchange 2007 Any idea on how to 1. Propogate permissions (get PFDavAdmin to work??!) 2. Sync mailboxes 3. Other solution? Thanks Chris

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• Bad sectors, S.M.A.R.T., SpinRite, firmware on platter and drive id questions.

  - by Christopher Galpin

  Is it possible for S.M.A.R.T. to give false readings (say I was fiddling with lots of recovery programs, transfers, so on and so forth) or is it absolutely a read-only direct correlation to the physical status of a drive? Does SpinRite level 5 "recover bad sectors" operate on those marked at the factory? Are they on the same level as your generic bad sector, with SpinRite thus having full access? (Also I'm curious if SMART's bad sector count is zero'd afterward or if it includes factory marked sectors.) The main firmware of some drives, like a WD Passport is stored on the platter. How is it protected? Is it through marking them as bad sectors? If so, I'm wondering if SpinRite's sector recovery could bring about firmware corruption on these drives. Is the failure of a drive to report valid identity information (hdparm -I /dev/xx) consistent with corrupted firmware, or just general disk failure? I may be misunderstanding the role of firmware here. I feel I've read a drive's identity information is on the platter, just like the partition tables and so on. Is this true? (Apologizes if this is more appropriate for SuperUser.)

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• 100% iowait + drive faults in dmesg

  - by w00t

  Hi, I have a server on which resides a fairly visited web app. It has a raid1 of 2 HDDs, 64MB Buffer, 7200 RPM. Today it started throwing out errors like: kernel: ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen kernel: ata2.00: cmd b0/d0:01:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 tag 0 pio 512 in kernel: res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout) kernel: ata2.00: status: { DRDY } kernel: ata2: hard resetting link kernel: ata2: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) kernel: ata2.00: max_sectors limited to 256 for NCQ kernel: ata2.00: max_sectors limited to 256 for NCQ kernel: ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133 kernel: sd 1:0:0:0: timing out command, waited 7s kernel: ata2: EH complete kernel: SCSI device sda: 976773168 512-byte hdwr sectors (500108 MB) kernel: sda: Write Protect is off kernel: SCSI device sda: drive cache: write back All day long it has been in load higher than 10-15. I am monitoring it with atop and it gives some bizarre readings: DSK | sda | busy 100% | read 2 | write 208 | KiB/r 16 | KiB/w 32 | MBr/s 0.00 | MBw/s 0.65 | avq 86.17 | avio 47.6 ms | DSK | sdb | busy 1% | read 10 | write 117 | KiB/r 17 | KiB/w 5 | MBr/s 0.02 | MBw/s 0.07 | avq 4.86 | avio 1.04 ms | I frankly don't understand why only sda is taking all the hit. I do have one process that is constantly writing with 1-2megs but what the hell.. 100% iowait?

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• Xvnc4 started from xinetd only displays empty gray X screen

  - by scott8035

  I'm attempting to setup an Ubuntu 10.10 box so that anyone can connect to port 5900 and be greeted by the gdm login manager. To do so, I added a vnc entry in /etc/services and I am starting Xvnc4 using this xinetd config file: service vnc { protocol = tcp socket_type = stream wait = no user = nobody server = /usr/bin/Xvnc server_args = -geometry 1000x700 -depth 24 -broadcast -inetd -once -securitytypes None } This kind of works...I can start multiple sessions all to port 5900, and I get an X screen. The problem is that I only get an empty, gray X screen with no applications started. I know when you run vncserver from the command line it will look to your ~/.vnc/ directory for your passwd and xstartup files, and I think what I want to do is put "gnome-session" into the xstart file. However, which xstartup file? The running user is "nobody" who obviously doesn't have a ~/.vnc/ directory. I tried a /root/.vnc/xstartup file and a ~scott/.vnc/xstartup file and it doesn't look like they were even read. I changed the xinetd vnc service so that it would "strace" Xvnc4. I looked thru all the "open" lines and didn't get a clue as to what file it was trying to read for xstart. Can anyone help? I just want a terminal server where the user is presented with a gdm login screen.

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• What permission(s) does an application pool identity required to manage other application pools?

  - by Mr Shoubs

  I have a web site (used to manage various parts of our software) that needs the permissions required to start/stop other application pools. I've created a user and set the app pool identity to custom, however the web app still can't start/stop the app pools. I get the following Error: System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Filename: redirection.config Error: Cannot read configuration file due to insufficient permissions at Microsoft.Web.Administration.Interop.AppHostWritableAdminManager.GetAdminSection(String bstrSectionName, String bstrSectionPath) at Microsoft.Web.Administration.Configuration.GetSectionInternal(ConfigurationSection section, String sectionPath, String locationPath) at Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager.get_ApplicationPoolsSection() at Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager.get_ApplicationPools() Discussion here suggests setting the application pool to local system or administrator, this does work, but I don't want to do this for security reasons (external support will need access this site). I did give the user higher permissions (as suggested here), starting by making it part of the local administrators group, but initially this didn't work, and giving the user read/write/mod permission on C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\config also didn't work. I must have done something wrong as local administrator now works, however this still isn't what I want. So can anyone suggest the permissions I need to add to this user, and how can I apply them? An answer my problem (but different question) is here, but to clarify, I think I need to give an individual user "IIS Runtime Operation Permissions", does anyone know how to do this, if indeed this is the permissions I require?

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• Software mirroring (RAID1) versus "Fake Raid" for new Windows 7 install

  - by kquinn

  I've just ordered two new hard drives for my main desktop and a copy of Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. I'd like to do a clean install of Win7 onto the new drives (leaving my old XP Pro boot partition around for a while in case something goes disastrously wrong, etc.). I want to have them set up in mirrored (RAID-1) mode. My understanding is that Win7 Pro can do software mirroring, but can I set this up directly at install time? If so, how? Note that I'd like the disk to be split into three partitions (OS/Apps&Data/Bulk data), all of which should be mirrored. Would it be better (more reliable or faster) to use my motherboard's hardware RAID support? My motherboard is an older nVidia nForce 680i SLI, which is not the most stable of motherboards, and I'm not sure how trustworthy its RAID1 configuration might be (or if Win7 could even detect and install onto a hardware-mirrored volume). Also, the performance characteristics of RAID1 are rather different than RAID0 or RAID5, and I'm wondering if Win7's software mirroring might actually be faster than hardware RAID1 (for example, I'm more of a Unix admin when I have to wear the sysadmin hat, and I've had great success deploying ZFS; most hardware RAID1 implementations have to read both disks and compare results to look for data errors, but ZFS can read from only one disk in the mirror and just use the built-in checksum, meaning it can have up to 2x the number of reads in-flight, as long as there's no data corruption). Edit: Okay, my question about whether Windows 7 can do software mirroring has been answered, and it can. I'm still unsure whether Windows software RAID or my motherboard's hardware "fake RAID" function is a better choice, though. Remember, I'm only interested in mirroring -- not the more complicated striping or parity operations that generally show the poor performance of crappy motherboard RAID solutions.

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• Win 2008 R2 - copying TO disk is very slow, copying FROM is more or less okay

  - by avs099

  I have Windows 2008 R2 SP1 with 4 identical SATA disks (Seagate Barracude 7200) in RAID 5 array. It has 4Gb of memory; all recent updates are installed. Problem: when I copy large file from one folder to another, I get about 10MB/s average speed. When I read this file from network share via 1Gbps connection - I get about 25-30 MB/s. Both numbers seems to be low for me - but specifically I'm very frustrated with low write speed. there is no antivirus, no hyper-v, it's just a fileserver - i when i do my tests nobody else reads/write from it (we have only 4 people in a team, so I'm sure). Not sure if that matters, but there is only 1 logic disk "C" with all available space (1400 GB). I'm not an admin at all, so I have no idea where to look and what other information to provide. I did run performance monitor with "% idle time", "avg bytes read", "avg byte write" - here is the screenshot: I'm not sure why there are such obvious spikes. Any idea? Please let me know if you need me to provide more information - what counters should I check, etc. I'm very eager to get this solved. Thank you. UPDATE: we have another Windows 2008 R2 SP1 server with 2 RAID1 arrays - one is disk C (where windows is installed, another one is disk E). It is running Hyper-V and does not have antivirus. I noticed the following behavior when I copy large file (few GBs): C - C: about 50MB/sec C - E: about 55MB/sec E - E: 8MB/sec!!! E - C: 8MB/sec!!! what could cause this?? E drive is RAID1 array from same Seagate Barracuda 1TB drives..

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• Will Intel be releasing anymore 6-core processors soon?

  - by jasondavis

  I am about to start buying parts every week for as long as it takes me to build the best PC I can build. I am looking at the Intel i7-920 processor right now because it is about 250$ and it is a quad-core processor based on the x58 chipset I believe. From what I have read so far, intel is coming out with some 6-core processors soon that will also use the x58 chipset and will allow me to use the same motherboard and memory/ram to upgrade to a 6-core. This sounds really good to me right now. I just read that the new 6-core processor. The Core i7-980X (extreme edition) was just released which is the first 6-core processor but it is supposed to be around $1,000 so I will probably just get the i7-920 for now and then upgrade to the 6-core version when the price goes down. The motherboard I am looking at getting the GIGABYTE GA-X58A-UD5 which is around $280 at newegg.com So that is my basic plan SO far. I have not purchased any parts yet. I am just wanting to ask if this sounds like a good idea or if I should wait longer if I am wanting to eventually have a 6-core processor. Does anyone know if Intel is planning on releasing any other 6-core processor in addition to the Core i7-980X in the near future? I just want to make sure I am buying the best setup for my money if I am going all out on it, thanks for any tips/advice.

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• Will adding a SSD cache device to my ZFS storage improve performance?

  - by Sysadminicus

  The server has 4GB of RAM and my zpool is made up of 15.5k SAS drives arranged like this: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM tank ONLINE 0 0 0 raidz1-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t3d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t5d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t6d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t7d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t8d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 raidz1-1 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t10d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t11d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t12d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t13d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c0t14d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 spares c0t9d0 AVAIL c0t1d0 AVAIL The primary use is as an NFS store for a couple VMWare ESXi servers. I can't do any "true" benchmarks because this is a production system (no budget for test systems), but using dd and bonnie++ I can't get more than ~40-50MB/s writes and ~70-90MB/s reads. It seems I should be able to do much better, but I'm not sure where to optimize. Based on what I've read, I think dropping in a OCZ Vertex 2 Pro SSD as my L2ARC is going to be the best bang-for-the-buck to improve througput. Is there something else I should be looking into to help performance? If not... How do I know how big a cache device I need? Am I safe with only a single SSD as my cache device?

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• How seriously should I take ECC correctable error warnings?

  - by David Mackintosh

  I have a pile of Sun X2200-M2 servers. These servers have ECC memory. In some of these servers, I am getting warnings in the eLOM about "correctable ECC errors detected", eg: # ssh regress11 ipmitool sel elist 1 | 05/20/2010 | 14:20:27 | Memory CPU0 DIMM2 | Correctable ECC | Asserted 2 | 05/20/2010 | 14:33:47 | Memory CPU0 DIMM2 | Correctable ECC | Asserted ...some more frequently than others. The kernel on this particular system is throwing EDAC errors as well, although with far more frequency than the eLOM is recording ECC events: EDAC k8 MC0: general bus error: participating processor(local node response), time-out(no timeout) memory transaction type(generic read), mem or i/o(mem access), cache level(generic) MC0: CE page 0x42a194, offset 0x60, grain 8, syndrome 0xf654, row 4, channel 1, label "": k8_edac MC0: CE - no information available: k8_edac Error Overflow set EDAC k8 MC0: extended error code: ECC chipkill x4 error EDAC k8 MC0: general bus error: participating processor(local node response), time-out(no timeout) memory transaction type(generic read), mem or i/o(mem access), cache level(generic) MC0: CE page 0x48cb94, offset 0x10, grain 8, syndrome 0xf654, row 5, channel 1, label "": k8_edac MC0: CE - no information available: k8_edac Error Overflow set EDAC k8 MC0: extended error code: ECC chipkill x4 error Now if the server is detecting Uncorrectable ECC, the system resets, so clearly that's bad and removing/replacing the identified stick or pair corrects the issue. But I am thinking that if the error is Correctable, then there's no immediate issue -- I can treat this as a warning and be prepared to pull the stick/pair if an uncorrectable error starts occurring?

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• Concerns about Apache per-Vhost logging setup

  - by etienne

  I'm both senior developer and sysadmin in my company, so i'm trying to deal with the needs of both activities. I've set up our apache box, wich deals with 30-50 domains atm (and hopefully will grow larger) and hosts both production and development sites, with this directory structure: domains/ domains/domain.ext/ #FTPS chroot for user domain.ext domains/domain.ext/public #the DocumentRoot of http://domain.ext domains/domain.ext/logs domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext/public #DocumentRoot of http://sub.domain.ext Each domain.ext Vhost runs with his dedicated user and group via mpm-itk, umask being 027, and the logs are stored via a piped sudo command, like this: ErrorLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_error.log" CustomLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_access.log" combined Now, i've read a lot about not letting the logs out of a very restricted directory, but the developers often need to give a quick look to a particular subdomain error log, and i don't really want to give them admin rights to look into /var/logs. Having them available into the ftp account is REALLY handy during development stages. Do you think this setup is viable and safe enough? To me it is apparently looking good, but i'm concerned about 3 security issues: -is the sudo pipe enough to deal with symlink exploits? Any catches i'm missing? -log dos: logs are in the same partition of all domains. got hundreds of gigs, but still, if one get disk-space dos'd, everything will break. Any workaround? Will a short timed logrotate suffice? -file descriptors limits: AFAIK the default limit for Apache on Ubuntu Server is currently 8192, which should be plenty enough to handle 2 log files per subdomain. Is it? Am i missing something? I hope to read some thoughts on the matter!

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• samba "username map" stopped to work after upgrade to 3.6

  - by Kris_R

  It was time to upgrade our group server (new HDs, problems with old installation of DRBD, etc..). Going as usually for CentOS i upgraded whole system from 6.3 to 6.4 The later one came with samba 3.6 as the old one was 3.5. I transferred most of users by copying /etc/password, /etc/shadow and samba accounts with pdbedit. Homes were on nfs-drive. The translation of unix accounts to samba accounts are located in /etc/samba/smbusers. Strangely enough on some windows clients there was problem to connect to samba-shares. In one case the only thing that worked was, instead of giving windows name, to use the unix account. In another one, it was possible to mount network drive and to open it in Windows Explorer, however other applications like "Total commander" at the attempt of opening this drive gave the message "Cannot connect to z:" (sometimes at this moment user/pass were requested). The smb.conf has following entries: [global] security = user passdb backend = tdbsam username map = /etc/samba/smbusers ... [Kris] comment = Kris's Private path = /SMB/Users/Kris writeable = yes read only = no browseable = yes users = krisr printable = no security mask = 0777 force security mode = 0 directory security mask = 0777 force directory security mode = 0 force create mode = 0775 force directory mode = 6775 The smbusers: # Unix_name = SMB_name1 SMB_name2 ... krisr = Kris Of course testparm runs without any errors. I was used from samba 3.5 to outputs of form Mapped user kris to krisr. Nothing like this happens now. Just message check_sam_security: Couldn't find user Kris in passdb. I read on web that some guys had problem with 3.6 and security = ADS, but these were not helpful for me. I'm seriously thinking about downgrading back to samba 3.5 but before this step I wanted to ask if somebody knows the solution of these problems.

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• How to create btrfs RAID-1 filesystem (assertion error in mkfs.btrfs)?

  - by amcnabb

  I tried to make a btrfs RAID-1 filesystem in "degraded mode" by following the btrfs UseCases instructions but hit a fatal assertion error. Why is this failing, and is there any workaround? The instructions I followed are at: https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/articles/u/s/e/UseCases_8bd8.html The output of the mkfs.btrfs and btrfs filesystem show commands is: # mkfs.btrfs -m raid1 -d raid1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/loop1 WARNING! - Btrfs Btrfs v0.19 IS EXPERIMENTAL WARNING! - see http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org before using failed to read /dev/sr0 adding device /dev/loop1 id 2 mkfs.btrfs: volumes.c:802: btrfs_alloc_chunk: Assertion `!(ret)' failed. zsh: abort (core dumped) mkfs.btrfs -m raid1 -d raid1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/loop1 # btrfs filesystem show failed to read /dev/sr0 Label: none uuid: 773908b8-acca-4c30-85c5-6642b06de22b Total devices 1 FS bytes used 28.00KB devid 1 size 223.13GB used 2.04GB path /dev/sda5 Label: none uuid: 0f06f1a8-5f5f-4b92-a55c-b827bcbcc840 Total devices 2 FS bytes used 24.00KB devid 2 size 2.00GB used 0.00 path /dev/loop1 devid 1 size 1.36TB used 20.00MB path /dev/sdd1 Btrfs Btrfs v0.19 # EDIT: It turns out that the filesystem isn't mountable: # mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/big2 mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdd1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so # So, why did the mkfs fail, and is there any workaround?

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• Unix Permissions: Enable access to files no matter the user?

  - by TK Kocheran

  I've been using Linux for a long time and I still am completely in the dark about how file permissions really work. With that in mind, does anyone have any books or thorough guides I could read to really understand things completely? I've done my fair share of sysadminning, so I know the easy stuff like making directories readable and writable, making files executable, and changing the owner of a file, but on sharing files across users, I'm lost. Here's my main problem. I have a number of machines across which I intend to synchronize my music library. I've been using Unison for a while now and it's a great choice as I can easily run it over SSH on my local network which I just set up. Win-win. Up until this point, I've been synchronizing computers using a 2TB external hard drive. (computer 1 unisons to HD, computer 2 unisons to HD, etc.) This is tedious at best, especially since I encrypted the drive, making it a huge hassle to hook it up to all of my machines and sync it. Anyway, the drive is running ext4 (in TrueCrypt), so it maintains all Unix filesystem info like owners and groups. I just set up a new machine and just Unison'd it to get the music on it, and I realized that now, all of my permissions are fubar. I had to run Unison as root since that was the only way I could get the files to come off of the external drive. Apparently, since I'm using a different user name on this machine than my usual "rfkrocktk" across all machines, this essentially throws a huge wrench in the gears. Here's my use case. This laptop has two effective users, "leandra" and "rfkrocktk". I want to share music between these two users, so I symlinked /home/rfkrocktk/Music to point to /home/leandra/Music. How do I (a) allow both users access to read/write/delete files in this folder, and (b) keep everything nicely in sync without messing up file ownership?

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• How to recover a Linksys WRT54GL router that has a blinking green power LED and no response from the

  - by Peter Mounce

  I was flashing the router with the Tomato firmware, but something went wrong; I'm not sure what. Now, the router responds to ping at 192.168.1.1 (my Mac's on a static IP 192.168.1.21), but the web-interface doesn't come up. I have read that this situation is recoverable in a [couple of places][2], but I haven't been having much success and so I wondered whether anyone could help. From my Mac (OSX 10.5) I have tried to tftp a new vanilla-Linksys firmware to the router and reboot; according to the trace, this sends it but the router behaves no differently after a reboot. I've read that if boot_wait is turned on, I'll have an easier time, but I haven't been able to find any instructions that tell me how I can tell whether I did this or not (I don't think I have, but I might have, when I tinkered the first time months ago - the router has worked since then, though). I have found a couple of references to [something called JTAG][3], which seems like some kind of [homebrew diagnostic cable thing][4], but that's a little beyond my ken. Happy to try it, with muppet-level instructions, though (I do software, not hardware!). So, I'm at a bit of a loss, really, and wondered whether anyone could provide me with the route (ha. ha.) out of this mess? Hm, I can't post all the links I wanted to until I have some more reputation.

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• Summary of the Solaris 11 webcast's livechat QnA session

  - by Karoly Vegh

  This is a followup post to the previous summary on the "What's new with Solaris 11 since the launch" webcast. That webcast has had a chatroom for a live Questions and Answers session running. I went through the archive of those and compiled a list of some of the (IMHO) most relevant and most frequently asked questions, I'd like to share. This is the first part, covering the QnA of Session I and II of the webcast, in a followup post we can have a look of the rest of the sessions if required - let me know in the comments. Also, should you have questions, as usual, feel free to ask those there, too.  ...and here come the answered questions:  When will Exadata be based on Solaris in place of Oracle Enterprise Linux?Exadata offers both Solaris 11 or Oracle Enterprise Linux.  The choice can be made at deployment time based on your OS needs.What are all other benefits and futures avilable in solaris 11 (cloud O.S.) compared to cloud based Red Hat Linux and Windows?suggest you check out our cloud white paper for a view of this. Also the OTN Solaris 11 page has some good articles. Here are the links:  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/documentation/o11-106-sol11-cloud-501066.pdf http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/overview/index.htmlWill 11.1 have a more complete IPS respository for Oracle and FOSS software?Yes, we are adding additional packages to the various package repositories. Since Solaris 11 was launched, both the Oracle Solaris Studio tools as well as Oracle Solaris Cluster have been made available along with numerous new FOSS packages. We will continue to be adding additional Oracle products and open source packages in the future. Will Exadata be based on Sparc in place of intel-amd x86 in next future ?We can't publically discuss futures, but we actually have a SPARC version of Exadata today, it's called SuperCluster, this is such a powerfull multipurpose system that it actually have multiple personalities built into one system: Exadata, Exalogic, and it can be a general purpose platform if you want. Have I understood this right? Livepatching KSplice-style is coming to Solaris 11 too?We're looking at that for certain types of Solaris patches in the future.Will there be a security framework like SST/JASS for Solaris 11?We can't talk about the future projects on a public forum, but we recognize the need for SST/JASS and want to address this as soon as possible. On the other side there are a whole bunch of "best practices" that are now embedded into Solaris 11 by default, so out of the box Solaris 11 should already address part of what SST/JASS gave you. (For example we did a lot of work on improving the auditing performance so that we can now have it turned on by default). On x86 can install VirtualBox in a Zone and use that to host other OSes.Yes, this was one of the first things we made sure would work when we acquired VirtualBox when we were still Sun Microsystems. If I have a Solaris 11 Control Domain on a T-series, can I run a Solaris 10 Ldom with Solaris 8 branded containers?Yes, you can.Is Oracle Solaris free or do we need to purchase?Solaris is free, the entitlement to run it comes either with a Sun system (new or historical) or for 3rd party systems the entitlement comes with a support contract. Note that for production use you will be expected to get a support contract. If you don't want to use the Solaris system (Sun or 3rd party) for production use (i.e. development) you can get an OTN license on the Oracle Technical Network website. Will encryption and deduplication both work on a share?This should work at the same time. What approaches does Solaris use to monitor usage?There are many different tools in Solaris to monitor usage. The main ones are the "stats" (vmstat, mpstat, prstat, ...), the kstat interface, and DTrace (to get details you couldn't see before). And then there are layered tools that can interface with these tools (Ops Center, BMC, CA, Tivoli, ...) Apart little-endian, big-endian how is it easy to port Solaris applications on Sparc to x86 and vice-versa ?Very easy. Except for certain hardware specific applications (those that utilize hardware specific drivers), all of the same Oracle Solaris APIs exist for all architectures. Is IPS based patching aware of the fact that zones can reside on ZFS and move from one physical server to another ?IPS is definitely aware of zones and uses ZFS to support boot environments for non-global zones in the same way that's used for the global zone. With respect to moving a zone from one physical server to another, Solaris 11 supports to the same zone attach/deattach method that was introduced in Solaris 10. Is vnic support in Ldoms planned?This is currently being investigated for a future LDOM release. Is it possible with the new patching system to build a system later with the same patch level as a system built a few months earlier?Yes, you can choose/define exactly which version should go to the system and it will always put the same bits in place. The technical answer is that you choose the version of the "entire" package you want on the system and the rest flows from there. Is it in the plans to allow zones to add/remove zpools to running zones dynamically in future updates?Work in this area is currently under investigation. Any plans to realese Solaris 11 source code? i.e. opensolaris?We currently can't comment on publicly releasing the source code. If you need/want this access please let your Oracle account team know. What about VirtualBox and Solaris11 for virtualization?Solaris 11 works great with VirtualBox, as both a client and a host system. Will Oracle DB software eventually be supplied as IPS packages? When?We don't have a date yet but this is actively being worked on. What are the new artifacts in Oracle Solaris 11 than the previous versions?There are quite a few actually. The best start is to look at our "Evaluate Solaris 11" page, and there you also can find a Transition Guide. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/overview/evaluate-1530234.html So, this seems just like RedHat's YUM environment?IPS offers certain features beyond those in YUM or other packaging systems. For example, IPS works with ZFS and Solaris Boot Environments to provide a safe environment for software lifecycle management so that changes can be reverted by switching to an older boot environment. With Zones on solaris 11, can I do paravirtualitation?The great thing about zones is you don't *need* paravirtualization. You're making the same direct kernel calls that you would outside of a zone.  It's an incredibly significant performance win over hypervisor-based virtualization. Are zones/containers officially supported to run Oracle Databases?  EBIZ?Hi Calvin, the answer is yes, here is the support matrix for DB:  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/virtualizationmatrix-172995.html I've found some nasty bugs in Solaris 11 (one of which today) that have been fixed in community forks (i.e., Illumos). Will Oracle ever restart collaboration with the community?We continue to work with the community, just not as open on all projects as we did before (For example IPS is an open project) and the source of more than half of the Solaris packages is posted on our opensource websites. I can't comment on what we will do in the future. And with regards to bugs please file them through the support organization and we will get them resolved. Is zpool vdev removal on-the fly now possible ?This issue is actively being investigated although we don't have a date for when this feature will be available. Is pgstat now the official replacement for corestat ?It's intended to provide similar functionality Where are the opensource website?For Oracle Solaris, visit http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/opensource/systems-solaris-1562786.html As a cloud-scale virtualization, is it going to be easier to move zones between machines? maybe even automatic in case of a hardware failure?Hi Gashaw, we already have customers that have implemented what they refer to as "flying zones" that they can move around very easily. They use Solaris Cluster to do this. What about VMware vMotion like feature?We have secure live migration with both Logical Domains on SPARC T series systems, and with Oracle VM on x86 systems. When running Solaris 10/11 on an enterprise server with a lot of zones, what are best practises commands to show the system is running fine? (has enough hardware resources). For example CPU / Memory / I/O / system load. What are the recommended values?For Solaris 11, look into the new zonestat(1M) command that provides a great deal of information about zone utilization. In addition, there is new work underway in providing additional observability in areas such as per-zone file system I/O. Java optimizations done with Solaris 11? For X86 platforms too? Where can I find more detail about this?There is lots of work that go into optimizing Java for Oracle Solaris 10 & 11 on both SPARC and x86. See http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/servers-storage-dev/solarisforjavadevelop-168642.pdf What is meant by "ZFS Shadow Migration"?It's a way to migrate data from another file system to ZFS: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23824_01/html/E24456/filesystem-3.html Is flash archive available with S11?Flash archive is not.  There is a procedure for disaster recovery, and we're working on a modern archive-based deployment tool for a future update.  The disaster recovery tool is here: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/servers-storage-admin/o11-091-sol-dis-recovery-489183.html  You can also use Distribution Constructor to build common golden images. Will solaris 11 be available on the ODA soon?The idea's under evaluation -- we'll share your interest with the team. What steps can be taken to ensure that breaches of security are identified quickly?There are a number of tools, including the "bart" tool and "pkg verify" to ensure that software has not been compromised.  Solaris Audit can also be used to detect unauthorized access.  You can also use Immutable Zones to protect against compromise.  There are a wide variety of security tools, and I've covered only a few. What is the relation from solaris to java 7 speed optimization?There is constant work done between the Oracle Solaris and Java teams on performance optimizations. See http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/vm/performance-enhancements-7.html for examples. What is the difference in the Solaris 11 installation compared to solaris 10 ? where i can find the document describing basic repository concepts ?The best place to start is: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris11/index.html Hope you found the post useful. For questions, input, requests for the second half of the QnA, please find the comment section below.  -- charlie  

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