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• why does and EBS volumes mounted in an Ubuntu 12.04 EC2 instance as /dev/sdh1 appear as /dev/xvdh1?

  - by Andres

  When mounting an EBS volume on ubuntu specified as /dev/sdh1 it actually mounts it at /dev/xvdh1. The aws console still thinks it's mounted at /dev/sdh1 so it took a while to realize that it was actually mounted, just in the wrong place I ran into this problem a long time ago using ubuntu on ec2. I just ran into it again https://forums.aws.amazon.com/post!reply.jspa?messageID=351382 and it seems like I'm not alone: https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread.jspa?threadID=68957&tstart=0 I haven't found a good answer as to why this happens or how to fix it. Any ideas?

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• MySQL query very slow on Amazon RDS but really fast on my laptop?

  - by Luc

  I would love to know if anybody knows why this is happening. i've just migrated over to Amazon RDS for our website and our biggest query which takes .2 seconds to execute on my macbook takes 1.3 seconds to execute on the most expensive RDS instance. Obviously i've disabled query cache (and tested this) on my local computer and both databases are exactly the same. InnoDB, both have the same indexes etc. It's costing us a fortune ($2000 per month) for the fastest RDS instance and i'm losing faith quickly. any ideas?

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• CPU Utilization LAMP stack

  - by Max

  We've got an ec2 m2.4xlarge running Magento (centos 5.6, httpd 2.2, php 5.2.17 with eaccelerator 0.9.5.3, mysql 5.1.52). Right now we're getting a large traffic spike, and our top looks like this: top - 09:41:29 up 31 days, 1:12, 1 user, load average: 120.01, 129.03, 113.23 Tasks: 1190 total, 18 running, 1172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 97.3%us, 1.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.4%st Mem: 71687720k total, 36898928k used, 34788792k free, 49692k buffers Swap: 880737784k total, 0k used, 880737784k free, 1586524k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2433 mysql 15 0 23.6g 4.5g 7112 S 564.7 6.6 33607:34 mysqld 24046 apache 16 0 411m 65m 28m S 26.4 0.1 0:09.05 httpd 24360 apache 15 0 410m 60m 25m S 26.4 0.1 0:03.65 httpd 24993 apache 16 0 410m 57m 21m S 26.1 0.1 0:01.41 httpd 24838 apache 16 0 428m 74m 20m S 24.8 0.1 0:02.37 httpd 24359 apache 16 0 411m 62m 26m R 22.3 0.1 0:08.12 httpd 23850 apache 15 0 411m 64m 27m S 16.8 0.1 0:14.54 httpd 25229 apache 16 0 404m 46m 17m R 10.2 0.1 0:00.71 httpd 14594 apache 15 0 404m 63m 34m S 8.4 0.1 1:10.26 httpd 24955 apache 16 0 404m 50m 21m R 8.4 0.1 0:01.66 httpd 24313 apache 16 0 399m 46m 22m R 8.1 0.1 0:02.30 httpd 25119 apache 16 0 411m 59m 23m S 6.8 0.1 0:01.45 httpd Questions: Would giving msyqld more memory help it cache queries and react faster? If so, how? Other than splitting mysql and php to separate servers (which we're about to do) is there anything else we could/should be doing? Thanks! UPDATE: Here's our my.cnf along with the output of mysqltuner. It looks like a cache problem. Thanks again! # cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port = **** socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] datadir=/mnt/persistent/mysql port=**** socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock key_buffer = 512M max_allowed_packet = 64M table_cache = 1024 sort_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 128M tmp_table_size = 128M join_buffer_size = 1M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_size= 64M query_cache_type = 1 max_connections = 1000 thread_stack = 128K thread_concurrency = 48 log-bin=mysql-bin server-id = 1 wait_timeout = 300 innodb_data_home_dir = /mnt/persistent/mysql/ innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size = 20G innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M innodb_log_file_size = 64M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 innodb_thread_concurrency = 48 ft_min_word_len=3 [myisamchk] ft_min_word_len=3 key_buffer = 128M sort_buffer_size = 128M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M # ./mysqltuner.pl >> MySQLTuner 1.2.0 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.52-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB +Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 2G (Tables: 26) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 749M (Tables: 250) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 262 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 31d 2h 30m 38s (680M q [253.371 qps], 2M conn, TX: 4825B, RX: 236B) [--] Reads / Writes: 89% / 11% [--] Total buffers: 20.6G global + 15.1M per thread (1000 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 35.4G (51% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (35K/680M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 53% (537/1000) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 512.0M/457.2M [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (9B cached / 264K reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 42.3% (260M cached / 615M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 4384652 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (1K temp sorts / 38M sorts) [!!] Joins performed without indexes: 100404 [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 17% (7M on disk / 45M total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (537 created / 2M connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (1K open / 946K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 9% (453/5K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (758M immediate / 758M locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 749.3M/20.0G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: query_cache_size (> 64M) join_buffer_size (> 1.0M, or always use indexes with joins) table_cache (> 1024)

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• How to redirect from one web directory to another with Apache

  - by RN

  Apache2 Plesk 9.x I have a website www.example.com and my blog is on www.example.com/blog I have no content on www.example.com as of now So I want all requests for example.com to be redirected to www.example.com/blog How should I do that ? Is this something I can do in Apache? I am using the GoDaddy DNS server. Not sure if it matters- but I have multiple domains hosted n the same server. And I am using Plesk to manage my virtual hosts.

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• Unable to access the WCF service over VPN!

  - by kurozakura

  Heres the scenario, im on a network A, and i use a vpn client to connect network B to access the webservice which can be accessed in network B.Even though im connect to network B , im unable to access the webservice link.Do i need to configure any settings. But if u r originally in network B and even though if u have connected to network A using vpn client, im able to access the webservice link. But the other way isnt working.

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• Website deployment - managing user-uploaded content?

  - by Legion

  I'm a programmer by trade, "server administrator" by company necessity. We're looking at dumping the old painful "update site by FTP upload" style of deployment. Having the webserver check out the latest code base from version control into a folder and having a "current" symlink point to the latest checkout (allowing for easily stepping back to an older version by changing the symlink) seems to be the way we want to go. But I have a question: what's a good practice for dealing with user-uploaded content? This stuff isn't in version control. I have a couple of ideas for dealing with this, but what is the smart, accepted practice?

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• Caching Reverse-Proxy ISP Host for a Low-Bandwidth Server

  - by Casey

  I am building a webcam w/ HTTP server that will be running from a low-bandwith connection. The content on the site will be changing every 5 to 10 minutes. Instead of serving files directly from this connection, are there hosting companies that can act as a reverse proxy for my site? Therefore, if nobody is using the site, the local internet connection remains idle. And if I receive 1000 hits all at the same time, only one HTTP GET is required, and the hosting company (on a fat pipe) continues serving the other 999 requests? This doesn't sound like a very common usage model, but I feel like this would be the optimal solution to my situation.

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• Ruler to measure in browser (firefox)

  - by danke

  I'm looking for a good ruler to use to measure distances in a browser. I use Firefox. Any good suggestions that are currently being used by other developers. I have firebug, but I don't think it has a ruler. Does it? I would think a ruler would have made it to firebug, but there doesn't seem to be one, or I'm not looking in the right location. Thanks

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• What settings need to be changed to allow EC2 instances to use Amazon's Route 53 for DNS?

  - by ks78

  I have a number of Amazon EC2 instances, all running Ubuntu, which I'd like to configure to use Amazon's Route 53. I setup a script, following Shlomo Swidler's article, but ran into script-related issues, which were answered here. Now, I have the script working, but my instances are still not able to access Route 53's DNS. By this I mean, they are not able to resolve hostnames to IP addresses. My instances are currently configured with the DNS server IP address Amazon pushes out to them by default, does that need to be changed when using Route 53? I'm also IP-restricting my instances using the Security Groups. Could that be the problem? Is there a certain IP address or port I should open to allow communication with Route 53? It seems that DNS requests should be originating from my instances so the Security Groups shouldn't be an issue, but I've been wrong before. If anyone has any ideas, I'd really appreciate it.

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• How do I identify Blackberry / OWA users in my IIS logs?

  - by Quinten

  We just rolled out a Blackberry Express Server, and would like to make sure that all Blackberry devices that our users own are connecting SOLELY through the BES server. We are running Exchange 2010 SP1. I've read some links that discuss blocking BIS at the firewall level. Before doing that, however, I'd like to individually contact all users with Blackberries and make sure that they have a chance to switch to the BES server. I've sent a company-wide email, but unsurprisingly folks tend to tune these out until they are forced into action. Is there an easy way to identify the users with Blackberries by searching IIS logs, or perhaps using the Exchange Management Shell? Especially some automated way? I've tried searching for the Blackberry identifier, but it does not appear next to any user name, so it's not as helpful as it could be. Edit: to clarify, what I'm talking about is the fact that Blackberries can use OWA to download mail to the phone. We do not allow IMAP or POP access through our firewall so that's not a concern--just folks with Blackberries using Blackberry's hack to allow it to connect to Exchange without a BES server. As far as I know, Blackberries are the only popular phones that use this method to download mail.

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• Creating url from the cloudfront aws

  - by GroovyUser

  I have my js files which I have uploaded into the Amazon S3 and linked it with the Cloudfront. I got a url something like this : dxxxxxxxx.cloudfront.net But opening that url in my browser ( I'm getting an error ) : <Error> <Code>AccessDenied</Code> <Message>Access Denied</Message> <RequestId>xxxxxx</RequestId> <HostId> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx </HostId> </Error> But what I want actually is to use the url and add them to my webpage. How could I do that? Thanks in advance.

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• Local Apache Web server works only when connected to the net

  - by Jean

  Hello, I installed Ubunut and got the LAMP stack installed too. Now the problem is I have to be connected to the internet for the local apache webserver to work, else it does not. I changed the IP address on the dnshost, in the apache2.conf file, got the servername in the httpd.conf, which was empty. Any ideas guys. Thanks Jean

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• What is the most relevant statistic information from Google Analytics for website optimalisation? [c

  - by Paulo

  I was wondering, what is considered the best statistic information from Google Analytics for website optimalisation? Example 1: Alot of visitors leave the website on a specific page, this could be because there aren't enough forwards / links on that page so that the visitors don't see a reason to continue their travel on the website. Example 2: Your traffic sources are 70% direct visits, 28% redirects from other websites and 2% by search engine. You could say that your website is not easily findable in search engines which could be interpreted as a sign that your keywords and/or meta description aren't good enough to be found. I'd like to hear some from other people!

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• Is it possible to install custom software on Amazon EC2

  - by quickquestioner

  I'm trudging through the Amazon docs for a quick answer, but while I'm looking I thought it wouldn't hurt to ask here. My client uses custom software that uses (wait for it) Microsoft Excel to store data as opposed a RDBMS. Either way, their server is outdated and they are interested in using Amazon's cloud services, but would installing this software be possible, or am I barking up the wrong tree? Links are welcome! Thanks for your help!

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• Which web browser support running multiple sessions simultaneously?

  - by leonbnu

  basically, I want to group my tabs by categories and then split them to different sessios(winows). For example, I can have one windows which contains all the tabs that are work related, and some other windows that are for news, everyday use, hobbies, entertainment, etc. So I can load these sessions/windows independently whenever I want. More importanly, I need the browser to be able to manage these sessions separately, for example, when I close one window(session), it should be able to autosave it without affecting any other sessions. I think this requirement is quite simple. But somehow, neither firefox(with session manager addon) nor opera support this. so which browser actually supports this?

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• Hosting online with xampp?

  - by Andrew

  I'm not quite sure what I'm doing wrong, because from what I've read, this should all be working. What I've done: Forwarded ports 80, 8080, and 443. Changed the ServerName localhost:80 line in \apache\conf\httpd.conf to ServerName myip:80. Registered at dyndns.com, and have been using their update client to link my IP to the DNS thingy. Made sure xampp was using port 80, and started apache and MySql. And...nothing. What did I miss? =/.

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• Disable disk caches in AWS EBS for PostgreSQL?

  - by Alexandr Kurilin

  It's my understanding that, without correctly disabling OS-level and drive-level caching, there is a chance that in case of system failure the Write-Ahead Log might not be saved correctly and in fact might get corrupted, possibly preventing data recovery. I've already made sure that wal_sync_method=fdatasync however I was unable to make any configuration changes with hdparm since I get the following: $ sudo htparm -I /dev/xvdf /dev/xvdf: HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Invalid argument Looks like that option is not available in the kind of setup you get in EC2. Am I missing anything here? Are there any other obvious caches I have to disable to ensure the WAL's safety?

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• AWS elastic load balancer basic issues

  - by Jones

  I have an array of EC2 t1.micro instances behind a load balancer and each node can manage ~100 concurrent users before it starts to get wonky. i would THINK if i have 2 such instances it would allow my network to manage 200 concurrent users... apparently not. When i really slam the server (blitz.io) with a full 275 concurrents, it behaves the same as if there is just one node. it goes from 400ms response time to 1.6 seconds (which for a single t1.micro is expected, but not 6). So the question is, am i simply not doing something right or is ELB effectively worthless? Anyone have some wisdom on this? AB logs: Loadbalancer (3x m1.medium) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 11.668 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 4285.10 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 23.337 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.233 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1661.35 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 2 4.3 2 63 Processing: 2 21 15.1 19 302 Waiting: 2 21 15.0 19 261 Total: 3 23 15.7 21 304 Single instance (1x m1.medium direct connection) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 9.597 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 5210.19 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 19.193 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.192 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2020.01 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 9 128.9 3 3010 Processing: 1 10 8.7 9 141 Waiting: 1 9 8.7 8 140 Total: 2 19 129.0 12 3020

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• Start tomcat webapp with root privileges

  - by Hagay Myr

  I built a webapp that uses libpcap (via jpcap). In order to be able to get the network interfaces list or to bind to a network interface, the application (in this case a webaap that runs from tomcat server) must be running with root privileges. During development I simply ran Eclipse with root privileges (sudo eclipse) and my webapp worked just fine with Eclipse's local tomcat server. However, when I try to deploy my webapp to the "real" tomcat server, it isn't working. I Also tried to start the tomcat6 service with sudo and changed the TOMCAT6_USER definition (defined in /etc/init.d/tomcat6) from "tomcat6" to "root" but it made no difference. What should I do to make it work?

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• AWS RDS Timeout

  - by warder57

  I know next to nothing about networking/servers. So I'm assuming I'm missing something obvious. All of the resources I can find on this, either don't work or are outdated. I created a brand new AWS account on the free plan. I created a postgres RDS DB instance. I made sure that this RDS instance is set to publicly accessible. This RDS instance has the default VPC/Security Group settings. In order to connect to this DB from my local machine, I used pgadmin3 and followed the instructions provided on the AWS documentation page. Seen here: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_ConnectToPostgreSQLInstance.html I've double checked all of the information required to connect: Host: whatever.whatever.us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com Port: 5432 Username: USERNAME Password: PASSWORD When I try to connect to the database, my connection fails due to a timeout. (During step 4 in the above guide.) Can anyone point me to whatever I am missing? Thanks in advance

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• What are the steps needed to set up and use security for AWS command line tools?

  - by chris

  I've been trying to set up the AWS command-line tools following Eric's most useful guide at http://alestic.com/2012/09/aws-command-line-tools. I can't seem to find a good how-to for how to generate the x509 certificate and private key, and how that relates to the various security files the guide creates. Update: I have found a couple of links that describe the some steps. These steps seem to work, however I'm not sure if this is secure & the best way to do it: 1) Create a private key openssl genrsa -out my-private-key.pem 2048 2) Create x.509 cert openssl req -new -x509 -key my-private-key.pem -out my-x509-cert.pem -days 365 Hit enter to accept all of the defaults. Then, from the IAM Dashboard, User, select a user & click on the "Security Credentials" tab. Click on "Manage Signing Certificates", then "Upload Signing Certificate", paste in the contents of my-x509-cert.pem, click OK and it should be accepted. One step that is discussed, but not required for me, was the addition and subsequent removal of a pass phrase on the private key. Should I have been prompted for one, and is my cert potentially unsafe because of this?

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• GPS Tracking While Jogging Plotting Route and Immediate Web Updates

  - by azamsharp

  Is there a device small enough that I can clip it on my arm or put it in my pocket while jogging that can track my run. Post my location immediately on a website showing my current location etc. Thanks,

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• Malicious content on server - next steps advice [closed]

  - by Under435

  Possible Duplicate: My server's been hacked EMERGENCY I just got an e-mail from my hosting company that they got a report of malicious content being hosted on my vps. I was unaware of this and started looking into it. I discovered a file called /var/www/mysite.com/osc.htm. Soon after I discovered some weird php files wp-includes.php and ndlist.php both recognized as being PHP/WebShell.A.1 virus. I removed all these files but I'm unsure of what to do next. Can anyone help me analyze the output below of sudo netstat -A inet -p -e and give advice on what's best to do next. Thanks very much in advance Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 localhost.localdo:mysql localhost.localdo:37495 TIME_WAIT root 0 - tcp 0 1 mysite.com:50524 xnacreators.net:smtp SYN_SENT Debian-exim 69746 25848/exim4 tcp 0 0 mysite.com:www tha165.thehealtha:37065 TIME_WAIT root 0 - tcp 0 0 localhost.localdo:37494 localhost.localdo:mysql TIME_WAIT root 0 - udp 0 0 mysite.com:59447 merlin.ensma.fr:ntp ESTABLISHED ntpd 3769 2522/ntpd udp 0 0 mysite.com:36432 beast.syus.org:ntp ESTABLISHED ntpd 4357 2523/ntpd udp 0 0 mysite.com:48212 formularfetischiste:ntp ESTABLISHED ntpd 3768 2522/ntpd udp 0 0 mysite.com:46690 formularfetischiste:ntp ESTABLISHED ntpd 4354 2523/ntpd udp 0 0 mysite.com:35009 stratum-2-core-a.qu:ntp ESTABLISHED ntpd 4356 2523/ntpd udp 0 0 mysite.com:58702 stratum-2-core-a.qu:ntp ESTABLISHED ntpd 3770 2522/ntpd udp 0 0 mysite.com:49583 merlin.ensma.fr:ntp ESTABLISHED ntpd 4355 2523/ntpd udp 0 0 mysite.com:56290 beast.syus.org:ntp ESTABLISHED ntpd 3771 2522/ntpd

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• How to make subdirectory the document root of a web domain or localhost

  - by Ben Huh

  I have a subdirectory abc in the document root /var/www/html I want to be able to run any file any_file.html within the subdirectory by typing in the browser: localhost/any_file instead of localhost/abc/any_file.html or my_domain.com/any_file instead of my_domain.com/abc/any_file.html I tried writing in httpd.conf: <Directory "/var/www/html/abc"> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule %{REQUEST_FILENAME} %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.html </Directory> But it doesn't work. Options FollowSymLinks is activated in <Directory> so I believe I would not need to write this again. Does anyone knows why and how to solve it? Thanks. Update: I have another subdirectory efg which I need to be able to access through localhost.

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• IAM / AWS Access control via Windows Azure Active Directory

  - by Haroon

  I am trying to figure out how to configure IAM in Amazon AWS to use Windows Azure Active Directory. I found http://blogs.aws.amazon.com/security/post/Tx71TWXXJ3UI14/Enabling-Federation-to-AWS-using-Windows-Active-Directory-ADFS-and-SAML-2-0, however it is about configuring ADFS. WAAD supports SAML 2.0 http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/fundamentals-identity/ Has anyone figured it out yet?

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