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  • DNAT to 127.0.0.1 with iptables / Destination access control for transparent SOCKS proxy

    - by cdauth
    I have a server running on my local network that acts as a router for the computers in my network. I want to achieve now that outgoing TCP requests to certain IP addresses are tunnelled through an SSH connection, without giving the people from my network the possibility to use that SSH tunnel to connect to arbitrary hosts. The approach I had in mind until now was to have an instance of redsocks listening on localhost and to redirect all outgoing requests to the IP addresses I want to divert to that redsocks instance. I added the following iptables rule: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 1.2.3.4 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:12345 Apparently, the Linux kernel considers packets coming from a non-127.0.0.0/8 address to an 127.0.0.0/8 address as “Martian packets” and drops them. What worked, though, was to have redsocks listen on eth0 instead of lo and then have iptables DNAT the packets to the eth0 address instead (or using a REDIRECT rule). The problem about this is that then every computer on my network can use the redsocks instance to connect to every host on the internet, but I want to limit its usage to a certain set of IP addresses only. Is there any way to make iptables DNAT packets to 127.0.0.1? Otherwise, does anyone have an idea how I could achieve my goal without opening up the tunnel to everyone? Update: I have also tried to change the source of the packets, without any success: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 1.2.3.4 -j SNAT --to-source 127.0.0.1 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 127.0.0.1 -j SNAT --to-source 127.0.0.1

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  • Hyper-V virtual machine can't be migrated to a specific host in the cluster

    - by Massimo
    I have a three-node Hyper-V cluster running on Windows Server 2008 R2 which is working quite flawlessly: there are no errors, live migration works, all hosts can and will happily run all virtual machines, and so on. But one specific virtual machinee is trying to make me go mad: it works on two nodes of the cluster, but not on the third one. Whenever I try to move the VM to that node, be it in a live migration or with the VM powered off, it always fails. In the event log of the host these events are logged: Source: Hyper-V-VMMS Event ID: 16300 Cannot load a virtual machine configuration: General access denied error (0x80070005) (Virtual machine ID <GUID>) Source: Hyper-V-VMMS Evend ID: 20100 The Virtual Machine Management Service failed to register the configuration for the virtual machine '<GUID>' at 'C:\ClusterStorage\<PATH>\<VM>': General access denied error (0x80070005) Source: Hyper-V-High-Availability Event ID: 21102 'Virtual Machine Configuration <VM>' failed to register the virtual machine with the virtual machine management service. All other VMs can be moved to/from the offending host, and the offending VM can be moved between the other two hosts. Also, this is not a storage problem, because there are other VMs in the same cluster volume, and the host has no troubles running them. What's going on here?

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  • How do I make a Data Validation drop-down exclude blanks?

    - by Iszi
    Related: How can I use non-adjacent cells on another sheet for a Data Validation drop-down, and only show non-blank values? For now, I've worked around the above problem by re-arranging my sheet so all the Data Validation Source cells are in one range. I'm leaving the above question open though, because I think it still poses an interesting problem. However, the issue now is that the Data Validation drop-down isn't working in the way I expected it to (and how I believe others are telling me it should). Even though I've got everything into one named range, Excel still shows blanks in a drop-down that references that range. Setup: Sheet 1 A1= (blank) B1= Header A2= 1 B2= Value1 A3= 2 B3= Value2 A4= 3 B4= Value3 A5= 4 B5= (empty) A6= 5 B6= (empty) A7= 6 B7= (empty) Sheet1!B2:B7 is named Validation Sheet2!A1 is set to use Data Validation with a Source =Validation, and in-cell drop-down. The drop-down in Sheet2!A1 shows: Value1 Value2 Value3 . . . (Dots represent blank lines) How can I get rid of these blank lines in the in-cell drop-down, while still including Sheet1!B5:B7 in the Data Validation Source? Note: I nuked the sheet, and tried it again without column A from Sheet1 (putting values from column B in the above example into column A), and it worked fine. Adding Column A back though, brought the blanks back into the Data Validation drop-down. What do I need to do to keep column A as I want it and keep the in-cell drop-down clean?

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  • ISA Server 2006 SSL Certificate Dilemma

    - by JohnyD
    I'm making so great headway in offering our services over https with help from a Go Daddy certificate, later to be upgraded to Thawte SSL123 certs. But, I've just run into one whopper of a problem. Here's my setup: I run an ISA 2006 firewall. Our web services are distributed over 2 servers. One is Windows 2000 (www.domain.com) and the other is Windows 2003 (services.domain.com). So, I'll need to purchase 2 certs for both www and services, import them into IIS6 on their respective machines, then export them with the primary key (making sure to Include all certificates in the certification path if possible... that had me stumped for a while), and then to finally import them into ISA's local computer Personal store. The problem I've just run into is that I have separate firewall rules for services.domain.com and www.domain.com... because requests need to be forwarded to different web servers. Each of these firewall rules use the same httplistener. I have just found out that you can only use 1 certificate per httplistener. To make matters worse you can only have a single httplistener per ip / port. Is this correct? I can only use a single certificate for a single ip address? This would seem to be a severe limitation. Am I wrong? If I'm not then I've got a whole lot more work ahead of me as I'll have to set up extra ip's, add them to the firewall's network interface, create new listeners using that ip, etc... Can someone please confirm that I'm doing this correctly / incorrectly? Once I got my head wrapped around it all it seemed easy... then this. Thanks in advance.

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  • SQL Server 2008 cluster freezing

    - by Ed Leighton-Dick
    We have run into a strange situation in which a SQL Server 2008 single-node cluster hangs. As background, we are rebuilding a Windows Server 2003/SQL Server 2005 two-node cluster using Windows 2008 and SQL Server 2008. Here's the timeline: Evicted the passive node (server B) from the Windows 2003/SQL 2005 cluster. The active node now functions as a single-node cluster with no problems. Wiped server B's disks and installed Windows 2008 and SQL Server 2008 as a single-node cluster. Since we do not want to the two clusters to communicate yet, we left the cluster's private network "heartbeat" adapter unconfigured. The cluster comes up and functions normally. Moved all databases to the new cluster. Cluster continues to function normally. Turned off server A (old cluster) in preparation for rebuilding as the second node of the new cluster. SQL Server instance on server B (new cluster) locks up, even though it should have no knowledge of or interaction with server A. Restarted server A. SQL Server instance on server B (new cluster) immediately begins working again. Things we have tried: The new cluster's name responds to ping and NETBIOS requests, even while the SQL Server is hung. We have confirmed that no IP address is assigned to the old heartbeat adapter, and it is not pulling an IP address from DHCP. Disabling the heartbeat's network card has the same effect. No errors were generated in any logs - Windows or SQL. When the error first occurred, it sat in the hung state for quite some time (well over 10 minutes) before anyone figured out what was going on. This would seem to eliminate any sort of normal cluster timeout in which it would have been searching for the other node (even if one had been configured). Server B is running Windows 2008 SP2, fully patched, and SQL Server 2008 SP1 CU7 (10.0.2775).

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  • Puppet: array in parameterized classes VS using resources

    - by Luke404
    I have some use cases where I want to define multiple similar resources that should end up in a single file (via a template). As an example I'm trying to write a puppet module that will let me manage the mapping between MAC addresses and network interface names (writing udev's persistent-net-rules file from puppet), but there are also many other similar usage cases. I searched around and found that it could be done with the new parameterised classes syntax: if implemented that way it should end up being used like this: node { "myserver.example.com": class { "network::iftab": interfaces => { "eth0" => { "mac" => "ab:cd:ef:98:76:54" } "eth1" => { "mac" => "98:76:de:ad:be:ef" } } } } Not too bad, I agree, but it would rapidly explode when you manage more complex stuff (think network configurations like in this module or any other multiple-complex-resources-in-a-single-config-file stuff). In a similar question on SF someone suggested using Pienaar's puppet-concat module but I doubt it could get any better than parameterised classes. What would be really cool and clean in the configuration definition would be something like the included host type, it's usage is simple, pretty and clean and naturally maps to multiple resources that will end up being configured in a single place. Transposed to my example it would be like: node { "myserver.example.com": interface { "eth0": "mac" => "ab:cd:ef:98:76:54", "foo" => "bar", "asd" => "lol", "eth1": "mac" => "98:76:de:ad:be:ef", "foo" => "rab", "asd" => "olo", } } ...that looks much better to my eyes, even with 3x options to each resource. Should I really be passing arrays to parameterised classes, or there is a better way to do this kind of stuff? Is there some accepted consensus in the puppet [users|developers] community? By the way, I'm referring to the latest stable release of the 2.7 branch and I am not interested in compatibility with older versions.

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  • Secure iptables config for Samba

    - by Eric
    I'm trying to setup an iptables config such that outbound connections from my CentOS 6.2 server are allowed ONLY if they are of state ESTABLISHED. Currently, the following setup is working great for sshd, but all the Samba rules get totally ignored for a reason I cannot figure out. iptables Bash script to setup ALL rules: # Remove all existing rules iptables -F # Set default chain policies iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # Allow incoming SSH iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 22222 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 22222 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow incoming Samba iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 10.1.1.0/24 -p udp --dport 137:138 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -d 10.1.1.0/24 -p udp --sport 137:138 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 10.1.1.0/24 -p tcp --dport 139 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -d 10.1.1.0/24 -p tcp --sport 139 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Enable these rules service iptables restart iptables rule list after running the above script: [root@repoman ~]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:22222 state NEW,ESTABLISHED Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp spt:22222 state ESTABLISHED Ultimately, I'm trying to restrict Samba the same way I have done for sshd. In addition, I'm trying to restrict connections to the following IP address range: 10.1.1.12 - 10.1.1.19 Can you guys offer some pointers or possibly even a full-blown solution? I've read man iptables quite extensively, so I'm not sure why the Samba rules are getting thrown out. Additionally, removing the -s 10.1.1.0/24 flags don't change the fact the rules get ignored.

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  • Linux Kernel Packet Forwarding Performance

    - by Bob Somers
    I've been using a Linux box as a router for some time now. Nothing too fancy, just enabling forwarding in the kernel, turning on masquerading, and setting up iptables to poke a few holes in the firewall. Recently a friend of mine pointed out a performance problem. Single TCP connections seem to experience very poor performance. You have to open multiple parallel TCP connections to get decent speed. For example, I have a 10 Mbit internet connection. When I download a file from a known-fast source using something like the DownThemAll! extension for Firefox (which opens multiple parallel TCP connections) I can get it to max out my downstream bandwidth at around 1 MB/s. However, when I download the same file using the built-in download manager in Firefox (uses only a single TCP connection) it starts fast and the speed tanks until it tops out around 100 KB/s to 350 KB/s. I've checked the internal network and it doesn't seem to have any problems. Everything goes through a 100 Mbit switch. I've also run iperf both internally (from the router to my desktop) and externally (from my desktop to a Linux box I own out on the net) and haven't seen any problems. It tops out around 1 MB/s like it should. Speedtest.net also reports 10 Mbits speeds. The load on the Linux machine is around 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 all the time, and it's got plenty of free RAM. It's an older laptop with a Pentium M 1.6 GHz processor and 1 GB of RAM. The internal network is connected to the built in Intel NIC and the cable modem is connected to a Netgear FA511 32-bit PCMCIA network card. I think the problem is with the packet forwarding in the router, but I honestly am not sure where the problem could be. Is there anything that would substantially slow down a single TCP stream?

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  • Digital Asset Management, iPhoto / Aperture server... alternative

    - by Sisyphus
    Afternoon, Clients, 10 : All Apples running either Leopard or Snow Leopard Server : Snow Leopard server, (and I have a old Dell Poweredge 650 at home running Gentoo 2.6, if anybody as a Linux solution). The situation: I work in small design company with 8 people, at present we are looking to consolidate all our image files onto one location, at present we each use our preferred single user DAM solution, be it, Adobe Bridge, iPhoto/Aperture (some don't bother at all) The filetypes commonly used are .psd, .pdf, .eps, .tiff, .jpg and RAW image files. Ideally what is needed: Centralised on one server, but allows us to search via spotlight (not essential, but would be nice) Include searchable metadata information such as date, location, title Open-source or as low cost as possibly Allow simultaneous users to import files So far, I have looked at a few open source DAM, systems, such as Razuna, Gallery (not strictly DAM), ResourceSpace, Notre-DAM, while these are brilliant and open-source, they don't integrate as smoothly with the Desktop as iPhoto and aperture. For iPhoto and aperture, I have tried creating a Shared library on the server (a tad laggy), and also using a drive with no permissions, put a library and letting each client read from it, however if they want to put images onto the library only, it's only supports one user at a time writing to the library... Any ideas what could fulfill our needs? Or is it time to bite the bullet for FinalCut Server? Thanks in advance.

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  • KVM Guest with NAT + Bridged networking

    - by Daniel
    I currently have a few KVM Guests on a dedicated server with bridged networking (this works) and i can successfully ping the outside ips i assign via ifconfig (in the guest). However, due to the fact i only have 5 public ipv4 ip addresses, i would like to port forward services like so: hostip:port - kvm_guest:port UPDATE I found out KVM comes with a "default" NAT interface, so added the virtual NIC to the Guest virsh configuration then configured it in the Guest, it has the ip address: 192.168.122.112 I can successfully ping 192.168.122.112 and access all ports on 192.168.122.112 from the KVM Host, so i tried to port forward like so: iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 5222 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.122.112:2521 iptables -I FORWARD -m state -d 192.168.122.0/24 --state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT telnet KVM_HOST_IP 5222 just hangs on "trying" telnet 192.168.122.112 2521 works [root@node1 ~]# tcpdump port 5222 tcpdump: WARNING: eth0: no IPv4 address assigned tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 23:43:47.216181 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445777813 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:43:48.315747 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445778912 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:43:49.415606 IP 1.152.245.247.51183 > null.xmpp-client: Flags [S], seq 1183303931, win 65535, options [mss 1400,nop,wscale 3,nop,nop,TS val 445780010 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 7 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel [root@node1 ~]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere 192.168.122.0/24 state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination All help is appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Mouse click-focus wanders in vmPlayer 3.0 dual-monitor

    - by Gary M. Mugford
    Previously, a WinXPSP3 session running on a WinXPSP3 host computer ran perfectly fine in a dual monitor setup. No issues with vmPlayer 2.x. BEFORE updating to vmPlayer 3, the following problem cropped up. When clicking in a single monitor, you would get exactly what you expected. However, when the display was stretched across two monitors, the clicking would be to the left of the mouse cursor. The farther RIGHT you were, the farther left the click would occur. In other words, if you clicked on the system menu of a window in the upper left of a window on the left monitor, you would get the system menu. Move half a screen to your right and the click would be on an item about a quarter of the way over, rather than where you were clicking. And by going all the way to the far right of the right monitor, you could bring up a right-click menu on the far right of the LEFT monitor. I Hope I have described this properly. It's confusing, even in words. In single monitor mode, everything works perfectly fine. If, instead of using either UltraMon or DisplayFusion, you run a single desktop across both monitors (3200x1600), there are no mousing issues. Unfortunately, having two 1600x1200 monitors, that depth of 1600 makes that hack less than useable. My graphic card won't offer anything resembling 3200x1200. vmPlayer 3.0 did not alleviate the situation. The microsoft mouse drivers are up to date and so are the nVidia card drivers. Any ideas?

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  • Debian 5.0 (lenny) apt sources fail?

    - by Tronic
    For the past few days, I couldn't update our apt-sources on Debian 5.0 (lenny). I get the following errors. W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/contrib/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/non-free/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/contrib/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/lenny/non-free/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 130.89.148.12 80] How do I fix this problem? Edit: My current sources are: # Debian Lenny deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ lenny main non-free contrib deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ lenny main non-free contrib # Debian Lenny Non-US deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US lenny/non-US main contrib non-free deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US lenny/non-US main contrib non-free # Debian Lenny Security deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free

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  • How do I use a self encrypting drive?

    - by Unique_Key
    I recently purchased a Micron RealSSD c400 self encrypting drive, and I am having a few issues when trying to get it recognized by my laptop (HP Elitebook 8440p running Windows 7 x64; also tried on a custom-built desktop). When I try to initialize the drive from disk management, I get a CRC error; also, when attempting to partition it from Windows setup, the program can't create the partitions. I also tried with UBCD, nothing. I assume this is due to drive security, but I haven't been able to find much information about this online; do I need a management software or something? I'm completely stumped here. EDIT As requested, when I try partitioning the device from Windows setup I get a 0x80300024 error; when I try initializing it from disk management, I get a "Data error (cyclic redundancy check)" message, and the event log shows the following under System: Source: VDS Basic Provider, message: unexpected failure. error code 490@01010004 (2x) Source: Virtual Disk Service, message: VDS fails to write boot code on a disk during clean operation. Error code: 80070001@02070008 (1x) Source: Disk, message: The device \Device\Harddisk2\DR2 has a bad block (2x) The security logs show nothing related. Also, when attempting to configure it from UBCD (utility: HDAT2), I get an error along the lines of "can't edit partition information" or something to that tune.

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  • how does svn work with apache?

    - by ajsie
    i've got ubuntu installed with lamp. im using webdav to upload/download files to/from the ubuntu web server, after i have edited the php source files in netbeans. however, i wonder what is best practice for editing source files and committing these changes to the new website. cause if we are 2-3 developers, i guess we have to use svn. but i have never used it before so i wonder how it works. should i install it and then select the /var/www (apaches webroot) as the repository folder? then when i check in, all the changes will apply immediately? could someone please explain following steps: how to download, edit the source files, upload the files and see the new changes in the website. cause i have only worked with a local apache before, and it was only me. now there will be some more programmers so i have to set up a decent, central environment for this, and have to know how netbeans, svn, webdav and apache works all together. thanks!

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  • syslog-ng and nging logs to mysql

    - by Katafalkas
    So couple of days ago I asked how to log php and nginx logs to centralized MySQL database, and m0ntassar gave a perfect answer :) cheer ! The problem I am facing now is that I can not seem to get it working. syslog-ng version: # syslog-ng --version syslog-ng 3.2.5 This is my nginx log format: log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; syslog-ng source: source nginx { file( "/var/log/nginx/tg-test-3.access.log" follow_freq(1) flags(no-parse) ); }; syslog-ng destination: destination d_sql { sql(type(mysql) host("127.0.0.1") username("syslog") password("superpasswd") database("syslog") table("nginx") columns("remote_addr","remote_user","time_local","request","status","body_bytes_sent","http_ referer","http_user_agent","http_x_forwarded_for") values("$REMOTE_ADDR", "$REMOTE_USER", "$TIME_LOCAL", "$REQUEST", "$STATUS","$BODY_BYTES_SENT", "$HTTP_REFERER", "$HTTP_USER_AGENT", "$HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR")); }; MySQL table for testing purposes: CREATE TABLE `nginx` ( `remote_addr` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `remote_user` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `time` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `request` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `status` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `body_bytes_sent` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `http_referer` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `http_user_agent` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `http_x_forwarded_for` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, `time_local` text, `datetime` text, `host` text, `program` text, `pid` text, `message` text ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 Now first thing that goes wrong is when I restart syslog-ng: # /etc/init.d/syslog-ng restart Stopping syslog-ng: [ OK ] Starting syslog-ng: WARNING: You are using the default values for columns(), indexes() or values(), please specify these explicitly as the default will be dropped in the future; [ OK ] I have tried creating a file destination and it all works fine, and then I have tried replacing my destination with: destination d_sql { sql(type(mysql) host("127.0.0.1") username("syslog") password("kosmodromas") database("syslog") table("nginx") columns("datetime", "host", "program", "pid", "message") values("$R_DATE", "$HOST", "$PROGRAM", "$PID", "$MSGONLY") indexes("datetime", "host", "program", "pid", "message")); }; Which did work and it was writing stuff to mysql, The problem is that I want to write stuff to in exact format as nginx log format is. I assume that I am missing something really simple or I need to do some parsing between source and destination. Any help will be much appreciated :)

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  • Variable directory names over SCP

    - by nedm
    We have a backup routine that previously ran from one disk to another on the same server, but have recently moved the source data to a remote server and are trying to replicate the job via scp. We need to run the script on the target server, and we've set up key-based scp (no username/password required) between the two servers. Using scp to copy specific files and directories works perfectly: scp -r -p -B [email protected]:/mnt/disk1/bsource/filename.txt /mnt/disk2/btarget/ However, our previous routine iterates through directories on the source disk to determine which files to copy, then runs them individually through gpg encryption. Is there any way to do this only by using scp? Again, this script needs to run from the target server, and the user the job runs under only has scp (no ssh) access to the target system. The old job would look something like this: #Change to source dir cd /mnt/disk1 #Create variable to store # directories named by date YYYYMMDD j="20000101/" #Iterate though directories in the current dir # to get the most recent folder name for i in $(ls -d */); do if [ "$j" \< "$i" ]; then j=${i%/*} fi done #Encrypt individual files from $j to target directory cd ./${j%%}/bsource/ for k in $(ls -p | grep -v /$); do sudo /usr/bin/gpg -e -r "Backup Key" --batch --no-tty -o "/mnt/disk2/btarget/$k.gpg" "$/mnt/disk1/$j/bsource/$k" done Can anyone suggest how to do this via scp from the target system? Thanks in advance.

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  • Vyatta masquerade out bridge interface

    - by miquella
    We have set up a Vyatta Core 6.1 gateway on our network with three interfaces: eth0 - 1.1.1.1 - public gateway/router IP (to public upstream router) eth1 - 2.2.2.1/24 - public subnet (connected to a second firewall 2.2.2.2) eth2 - 10.10.0.1/24 - private subnet Our ISP provided the 1.1.1.1 address for us to use as our gateway. The 2.2.2.1 address is so the other firewall (2.2.2.2) can communicate to this gateway which then routes the traffic out through the eth0 interface. Here is our current configuration: interfaces { bridge br100 { address 2.2.2.1/24 } ethernet eth0 { address 1.1.1.1/30 vif 100 { bridge-group { bridge br100 } } } ethernet eth1 { bridge-group { bridge br100 } } ethernet eth2 { address 10.10.0.1/24 } loopback lo { } } service { nat { rule 100 { outbound-interface eth0 source { address 10.10.0.1/24 } type masquerade } } } With this configuration, it routes everything, but the source address after masquerading is 1.1.1.1, which is correct, because that's the interface it's bound to. But because of some of our requirements here, we need it to source from the 2.2.2.1 address instead (what's the point of paying for a class C public subnet if the only address we can send from is our gateway!?). I've tried binding to br100 instead of eth0, but it doesn't seem to route anything if I do that. I imagine I'm just missing something simple. Any thoughts?

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  • ssh key questions

    - by Tim
    I have some questions regarding generating keys for ssh access: (1) Supposed there are two computers running ssh server service and I have generated a pair of key files on computer A and copy the public file to computer B. Is it true that this is only a one-way key: We only gave computer A permission to access computer B, not gave computer B permission to access computer A? If I now want to ssh from computer B to computer A, must I generat another pair of key files on computer B and copy the public file to computer A? (2) If I would like to connect a single local computer to several remote servers, is it to generate a common pair of key files only once on the local and copy the same public file to the remote servers, or to generate different pair of key files on the local for different remote servers? (3) If I would like to connect several local computers to a single remote server, when copying the public files from different local computers to the remote server, is it to combine them together into a single authorized_keys file or store them in different authorized_keys files? (4) If there are several servers shared the same file system by, for example, NFS, how to generate keys and arrange the key files for accessing from one server to the other? Also how to still generate keys and arrange the key files for a local computer to access anyone of the servers? All the machines above are Linux.Please provide examples and commands in your reply so that I can better understand how to solve the problems. Thanks and regards!

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  • Exchange 2010 POP3/IMAP4/Transport services complaining that they can't find SSL certificate after blue screen

    - by Graeme Donaldson
    We have a single-server Exchange 2010 setup. In the early hours of this morning the server had a blue screen and rebooted. After coming back up the POP3/IMAP4 and Transport services are complaining that they cannot find the correct SSL certificate for mail.example.com. POP3: Log Name: Application Source: MSExchangePOP3 Date: 2012/04/23 11:45:15 AM Event ID: 2007 Task Category: (1) Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: exch01.domain.local Description: A certificate for the host name "mail.example.com" couldn't be found. SSL or TLS encryption can't be made to the POP3 service. IMAP4: Log Name: Application Source: MSExchangeIMAP4 Date: 2012/04/23 08:30:44 AM Event ID: 2007 Task Category: (1) Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: exch01.domain.local Description: A certificate for the host name "mail.example.com" couldn't be found. Neither SSL or TLS encryption can be made to the IMAP service. Transport: Log Name: Application Source: MSExchangeTransport Date: 2012/04/23 08:32:27 AM Event ID: 12014 Task Category: TransportService Level: Error Keywords: Classic User: N/A Computer: exch01.domain.local Description: Microsoft Exchange could not find a certificate that contains the domain name mail.example.com in the personal store on the local computer. Therefore, it is unable to support the STARTTLS SMTP verb for the connector Default EXCH01 with a FQDN parameter of mail.example.com. If the connector's FQDN is not specified, the computer's FQDN is used. Verify the connector configuration and the installed certificates to make sure that there is a certificate with a domain name for that FQDN. If this certificate exists, run Enable-ExchangeCertificate -Services SMTP to make sure that the Microsoft Exchange Transport service has access to the certificate key. The odd part is that Get-ExchangeCertificate show the cert as enabled for all the relevant services, and OWA is working flawlessly using this certificate. [PS] C:\Users\graeme\Desktop>Get-ExchangeCertificate Thumbprint Services Subject ---------- -------- ------- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ....S. CN=exch01 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY ....S. CN=exch01 ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ IP.WS. CN=mail.example.com, OU=Domain Control Validated, O=mail.exa... Here's the certificate in the computer account's personal cert store: Does anyone have any pointers for getting POP3/IMAP4/SMTP to use the cert again?

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  • Zabbix Proxy not collecting data

    - by syntaxcollector
    Hi All I have a working Zabbix 1.8.2 server collecting data for our office and our colo facility. However the link between the colo and office is flaky. What I'm trying to do is setup a proxy on the colo side to have a 1 hour cache and relay the data to our primary server at the office. Our zabbix server is compiled from source and uses a mysql database I've followed the instructions found in the zabbix documentation to compile the proxy using a sqlite3 database. I add the proxy to zabbix under Administration-DM-Proxies. The zabbix server "sees" the proxy because the "last seen" field is always under 60s. However when I assign a colo host to the proxy I stop receiving data from it. The colo host's zabbix_agentd.log file says this: 29343:20100622:124847 Timeout while answering request 29343:20100622:124847 Getting list of active checks failed. Will retry after 60 seconds The zabbix_proxy.log says this. 2041:20100622:123131.760 Deleted 0 records from history [0.000994 seconds] 2028:20100622:124131.671 Error while receiving answer from server [ZBX_TCP_READ() failed I also am unable to receive any SNMP data which is more important to me than the zabbix agent data. Has anyone had this problem before? Zabbix Server OS: CentOS5.4 Zabbix Server Build: 1.8.2 from source Zabbix Proxy OS: CentOS5.4 Zabbix Proxy Build: 1.8.2 from source P.S. The SQLite database on the zabbix proxy never gets any data written to it, it is identical to when I created it from the blank schema in zabbix-1.8.2/create/schema. (Yes I've checked the permissions)

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  • Archive software for big files and fast index

    - by AkiRoss
    I'm currently using tar for archiving some files. Problem is: archives are pretty big, contains many data and tar is very slow when listing and extracting. I often need to extract single files or folders from the archive, but I don't currently have an external index of files. So, is there an alternative for Linux, allowing me to build uncompressed archive files, preserving the file attributes AND having fast access list table? I'm talking about archives of 10 to 100 GB, and it's pretty impractical to wait several minutes to access a single file. Anyway, any trick to solve this problem is welcome (but single archives are non-optional, so no rsync or similar). Thanks in advance! EDIT: I'm not compressing archives, and using tar I think they are too slow. To be precise about "slow", I'd like that: listing archive content should take time linear in files count inside the archive, but with very little constant (e.g. if a list of all the files is included at the head of the archive, it could be very fast). extraction of a target file/directory should (filesystem premitting) take time linear with the target size (e.g. if I'm extracting a 2MB PDF file in a 40GB directory, I'd really like it to take less than few minutes... If not seconds). Of course, this is just my idea and not a requirement. I guess such performances could be achievable if the archive contained an index of all the files with respective offset and such index is well organized (e.g. tree structure).

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  • Windows 7 hangs while loading desktop

    - by Joshua
    I am facing a weird problem. My computer hangs while loading the desktop, and only the background shows up; no icons or bars load. If I power the system on and off about 4-6 times, I may be able to use it normally. The desktop loads normally after rebooting or in safe mode; this only occurs when I start the system normally. I've tried several things to fix it, such as removing all start-up items, but it still doesn't solve the problem. What should I do? I found three major errors in Event Viewer: Source: Microsoft-Windows-DistributedCOM Level: Error DCOM got error "1084" attempting to start the service WSearch with arguments "" in order to run the server: {7D096C5F-AC08-4F1F-BEB7-5C22C517CE39} Source: Microsoft-Windows-DistributedCOM Level: Error DCOM got error "1084" attempting to start the service WSearch with arguments "" in order to run the server: {7D096C5F-AC08-4F1F-BEB7-5C22C517CE39} Source: Service Control Manager Level: Error The Network List Service service depends on the Network Location Awareness service which failed to start because of the following error: The dependency service or group failed to start.

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  • OpenVPN Client timing out

    - by Austin
    I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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  • Is dual-channel RAM operation independent for each bank?

    - by user553702
    For dual-channel usage of DDR3 SDRAM, what happens if one bank has DIMMs in both channels but the other bank has only one DIMM in one channel? Will the bank with the paired DIMMs operate at the dual-channel rate while the bank with the unpaired DIMM operates at the single-channel rate? Or does having a bank with an unpaired DIMM force all of the RAM to operate as single-channel? For example, if I initially have only one bank populated with paired 4GB sticks operating as dual-channel, what happens if I then add a single 8GB stick to the other channel leaving the last DIMM slot empty? Will this stop the 4GB sticks from being dual-channel? In addition, what happens if each bank has DIMMs of different clock speeds? Does each dual-channel bank operate at an independent speed, or does all of the RAM operate at the slowest DIMM's speed? For example, in the above scenario, what would happen if the 8GB stick I added is slower than the original 4GB sticks in the other bank? Will the (paired) 4GB sticks then operate at a slower speed than before?

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  • scp No such file or directory

    - by Joe
    I've a confusing question for which superuser doesn't seem to have a good answer, and neither google. I'm trying to scp a file from a remote server to my local machine. The command is this scp user@server:/path/to/source/file.gz /path/to/destination The error I get is: scp: /path/to/source/file.gz: No such file or directory user is my username on the server. The command syntax appears fine to me. ssh works fine and I can cd to the file and it doesn't seem to be an access control issue? Thanks; Edit: Thank you John. I spotted the issue. ls returned this: -r--r--r-- 1 nobody users 168967171 Mar 10 2009 /path/to/source/file.gz So, the file was on a read-only file system and user is able to read it but not scp. I just copied the file to a different directory and chown it and worked fine. It would be good if someone can explain why this is the case though.

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