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• Passive Scan using wpa_supplicant-0.7.3

  - by Ashish Yadav

  I am using wpa_supplicant-0.7.3 and WL12xx TI Driver(WiFi) . Looking into both code,I seen that both support passive scan . Also, nl80211 driver is used (not wext). I am not able to find any command for passive scan in wpa_cli . With iw , for passive scan we can use : iw dev wlan0 scan passive Similar I want to do passive scan using wpa_supplicant . So need help to know how to do passive scan using wpa_supplicant?

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• Using WinSCP with SSH server and 2 machine hops

  - by Mike

  I'm on a windows machine using putty to ssh into my schools server. From there I need to "slogin -XY machine1" and then "slogin -XY machine2" . Ideally, I'd like to use WinSCP to connect and transfer files. I know I can do this by using two copies of PuTTY , one to ssh into the server and create a proxy, and the second PuTTY to connect to the proxy and login to machine1 and create a second proxy. I can then use winSCP to connect to the proxy server and login to machine2... Is there a simpler way of doing this?

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• Why do I see nvidia-185-modaliases and nvidia-195-modaliases in Ubuntu software updates?

  - by bstpierre

  For some reason I see both the Ubuntu 185 and 195 drivers in the Ubuntu Update Manager. In the NVidia X server settings I see the driver as version 185.18.36. I think I managed to install two versions of the NVidia drivers at the same time.

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• How can I use quotas in samba?

  - by iKarampa

  Hi, I have a simple set-up with just one public share on my configuration file. How can I restrict it's size?

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• Mac can write to samba share

  - by David

  I have a samba share that works fine for PCs, but we have a mac user who seems to only be able to edit and rename existing files, he cannot add new files. Any ideas? Here is the share setup: path = /media/freeagent/officeshare read only = No guest ok = Yes writeable = yes public = yes

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• Ubuntu log in dialog hot key

  - by bguiz

  Hi, I am having trouble starting up Ubuntu (Karmic). Bascially I get to the bit where the log in dialog is supposed to appear, but it doesn't. Is there a hot key of some sort to force the login dialog to appear? Thanks! Full details here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=9290145#post9290145

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• What is the best MTA setup for a home/laptop computer (*not* server)?

  - by thomasrutter

  Hello, What is a good MTA (e.g. Postfix or something else) setup for a home computer behind a NAT, or a laptop that is not always online? I've read a lot of Postfix tutorials on how to set it up this way or that, but they are usually geared towards computers that are servers ie they have a static IP have a domain name are always connected to the same network My requirements are, I guess: Ability to redirect mail for local users to another server of my choosing. No listening for incoming SMTP connections - outgoing only Ability to route outgoing mail via an external SMTP server with authentication (and perhaps encryption) If not Postfix, I need an MTA which can queue up mails in case it temporarily has no internet connection.

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• server will not reply (syn -ack)

  - by Brent

  I like to use the following commands to manage 'TIME_WAIT', in the hope to free up resources. echo 20 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fin_timeout sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1 I found something interesting while doing a tcpdump. Sometimes if a client makes a connection (syn), the server will not reply (syn -ack). My question is, could it be because of the top three commands.

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• What are your favorite Ubuntu blogs/news sites? [closed]

  - by Nick Meyer

  I would like to subscribe to some good sources of frequent updates on new software, updated software, and Ubuntu news in general. Unfortunately, most of the ones to come up on a Google search seem to be no longer actively maintained. What are your favorite sources? One site per answer, please.

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• cgconfig.conf : setting root control group parameters

  - by delerious010

  I've got cpu, cpuacct and memory cgroups configured via /etc/cgconfig.conf ( cgconfig-bin on Lucid ). I can add new control groups, and assign processes to them however there does not seem to be a facility for changing the paramters of the root level memory cgroup ( the actual mount point ). How would one best set such parameters in a clean manner withoput c For example, I've the memory cgroup mounted to /var/run/cgroup/memory. I'd like to have /var/run/cgroup/memory/memory.use_hierarchy set to 1 on boot.

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• compare file timestamp in bash

  - by endroix

  How do I compare the timestamp of two files? I tried this but it doesn't work: file1time=`stat -c %Y fil1.txt` file2time=`stat -c %Y file2.txt` if[$file1time -gt $file2time]; then doSomething fi Thanks

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• racoon-tool doesn't generate full racoon.conf file in /var/lib/racoon/racoon.conf

  - by robthewolf

  I am using ipsec-tools/racoon to create my VPN. I am using racoon-tool to configure racoon.conf but when I run racoon-tool reload it only generates the first section - Global items. When I run racoon-tool I get: # racoon-tool reload Loading SAD and SPD... SAD and SPD loaded. Configuring racoon...done. This is the entire file /var/lib/racoon/racoon.conf # # Racoon configuration for Samuel # Generated on Wed Jan 5 21:31:49 2011 by racoon-tool # # # Global items # path pre_shared_key "/etc/racoon/psk.txt"; path certificate "/etc/racoon/certs"; log debug; I cannot find anywhere a solution as to why this is happening. Please help

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• Look strange on gvim after applying Source Sans Pro font

  - by abcdabcd987

  I downloaded the Source Sans Pro font and install on my Fedora17(Xfce). I did mkfontscale, mkfontdir, fc-cache -fv, and after fc-list, could see it on the list. Then I changed guifont in gvim to Source\ Sans\ Pro\ 10, but it looks quite strange. And then I changed it to DejaVu\ Sans\ Mono\ 10, it looks nothing strange. So, why would this happend? And how to solve it? Thanks! Source Sans Pro DejaVu Sans Mono

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• Dovecot Virtual Users and Users Domain Mapping

  - by Stojko

  I have successfully compiled, configured and ran Dovecot with virtual users feature. Here's part of my /etc/dovecot.conf configuration file: mail_location = maildir:/home/%d/%n/Maildir auth default { mechanisms = plain login userdb passwd-file { args = /home/%d/etc/passwd } passdb passwd-file { args = /home/%d/etc/shadow } socket listen { master { path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-worker mode = 0600 } } } I faced one issue I can't resolve myself. Is there anyway to create users' domains mapping and provide username in mail_location? Examples: 1. currently I have /home/domain.com/user/Maildir 2. I'd like to have /home/USER/domain.com/user/Maildir Can I achieve this somehow? Greets, Stojko

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• Access file by its id and change file attributes

  - by 0xDEAD BEEF

  Just like every file also directories have file id. You can see them by typing ls -i How do I view file content by its id? How do I change directory attribute to file (remove D) and vice versa!

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• socat and "no job control in this shell"

  - by Vi

  socat - exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,ctty - bash: no job control in this shell What options should I use to get fully fledged shell as I get with ssh/sshd? I want be able to connect the shell to everything socat can handle (socks5, udp, openssl), but also to have a nice shell which correctly interprets all keys, various Ctrl+C/Ctrl+Z and jobs control. /* Requested tags: socat job-control */

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• Disk full, du tells different. How to further investigate?

  - by initall

  I have a SCSI disk in a server (hardware Raid 1), 32G, ext3 filesytem. df tells me that the disk is 100% full. If I delete 1G this is correctly shown. However, if I run a du -h -x / then du tells me that only 12G are used (I use -x because of some Samba mounts). So my question is not about subtle differences between the du and df commands but about how I can find out what causes this huge difference? I rebooted the machine for a fsck that went w/out errors. Should I run badblocks? lsof shows me no open deleted files, lost+found is empty and there is no obvious warn/err/fail statement in the messages file. Feel free to ask for further details of the setup.

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• View all users in a specific group in CentOS

  - by slayernoah

  I added a user user01 to a group group01 using: usermod -a -G group01 user01 When I run in command id user01 it shows that this user has actually been added to the group. However, the file /etc/group doesn't reflect this. i.e. I believe that on this file, users that belong to each of the groups should be listed next to it. Please correct me if I am wrong. This is a fresh installation of CentOS 6.4 Also, since id user01 shows that this is updated, is there any way to check all the members of group group01?

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• Locate All Emacs Autosaves and Backups in one folder

  - by Urda

  What do I need to add to my .emacs to get it to save all of my autosaves and backups into one directory? I don't do a lot of .emacs configuration, and I just can't get the variables out of emacsWiki to play right. Anybody mind sharing how they do it? I would prefer to have the saves placed in /tmp/emacs/{username}/{autosaves | backups} BONUS, configuration to do the same for TRAMP

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• How to stop RAID5 array while it is shown to be busy?

  - by RCola

  I have a raid5 array and need to stop it, but while trying to stop it getting error. # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sde1[3](F) sdc1[4](F) sdf1[2] sdd1[1] 2120320 blocks level 5, 32k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU] unused devices: <none> # mdadm --stop mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. mdadm: No devices given. # mdadm --stop /dev/md0 mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. mdadm: metadata format 00.90 unknown, ignored. mdadm: fail to stop array /dev/md0: Device or resource busy and # lsof | grep md0 md0_raid5 965 root cwd DIR 8,1 4096 2 / md0_raid5 965 root rtd DIR 8,1 4096 2 / md0_raid5 965 root txt unknown /proc/965/exe # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sde1[3](F) sdc1[4](F) sdf1[2] sdd1[1] 2120320 blocks level 5, 32k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU] # grep md0 /proc/mdstat md0 : active raid5 sde1[3](F) sdc1[4](F) sdf1[2] sdd1[1] # grep md0 /proc/partitions 9 0 2120320 md0 While booting, md1 is mounted ok but md0 failed for some unknown reason # dmesg | grep md[0-9] [ 4.399658] raid5: allocated 3179kB for md1 [ 4.400432] raid5: raid level 5 set md1 active with 3 out of 3 devices, algorithm 2 [ 4.400678] md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 2121793536 [ 4.403135] md1: unknown partition table [ 38.937932] Filesystem "md1": Disabling barriers, trial barrier write failed [ 38.941969] XFS mounting filesystem md1 [ 41.058808] Ending clean XFS mount for filesystem: md1 [ 46.325684] raid5: allocated 3179kB for md0 [ 46.327103] raid5: raid level 5 set md0 active with 2 out of 3 devices, algorithm 2 [ 46.330620] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 2171207680 [ 46.335598] md0: unknown partition table [ 46.410195] md: recovery of RAID array md0 [ 117.970104] md: md0: recovery done. # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sde1[0] sdf1[2] sdd1[1] 2120320 blocks level 5, 32k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] md1 : active raid5 sdc2[0] sdf2[2] sde2[3](S) sdd2[1] 2072064 blocks level 5, 128k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]

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• How to convert aspell dictionary to simple list of words?

  - by rafalmag

  I want to get list of all words from aspell dictionary. I downloaded aspell and aspell polish dictionary, then unziped it using: preunzip pl.cwl I got pl.wl: ... hippie hippies hippiesowski/bXxYc hippika/MNn hippis/NOqsT hippisiara/MnN hippiska/mMN hippisowski/bXxYc ... but they appear with sufix like /bXxYc or /MNn. These suffixes are defined in pl_affix.dat, which looks like ... SFX n Y 5 SFX n a 0 [^ij]a SFX n ja yj [^aeijoóuy]ja SFX n a 0 [aeijoóuy]ja SFX n ia ij [^drt]ia SFX n ia yj [drt]ia ... It is connected to the declination and conjugation. How can I add to the first list all forms (with all corresponding suffixes as defined in .dat file ) ? BTW: I need this list to spell-checker jazzy.

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• Why create many partitions?

  - by ryeguy

  I have noticed that when installing Ubuntu some people create multiple partitions for directories. Like one for root, one for home, one for boot. What is the advantage to doing this over installing them all on one partition, assuming there is only one hard drive?

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• VNC failure on Xen

  - by BCable

  The following config works and creates a good VM in Xen: # Kernel Setup kernel = "/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18.8-xenU" # Memory memory = "256" # Disk disk = [ "file:/opt/xen/domains/110/sda1.img,sda1,w", "file:/opt/xen/domains/110/swap.img,sda2,w" ] # container name name = "110" hostname = "boo" # Networking vif = ["type=ieomu, bridge=xenbr0"] # VNC vnc = 1 #vfb = [ 'type=vnc,vncdisplay=2,vnclisten=0.0.0.0,vncpasswd=110' ] # Behavior Settings root = "/dev/sda1" extra = "fastboot" But when I uncomment the VFB line, I get the following error after it hangs for at least 30 seconds: [root@customer 110]# xm create boo.cfg Using config file "./boo.cfg". Error: Device 0 (vkbd) could not be connected. Hotplug scripts not working. Any ideas? Part two of this question: Sometimes it actually works, and a port is opened. When this happens, nmap shows the VNC ports open and I can connect via the VNC client, but it just hangs at "Connection established." and no VNC display shows up. I've tried multiple VNC clients (TightVNC, TightVNC Java Console, RealVNC), but they all fail to connect. Does VNC through Xen require X to be started in order to function? I was under the impression that it would show the console screen, so I'm confused as to why all these issues are occurring. Thanks!

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• repair partition table

  - by m.sr

  Hallo. I've just overwritten my partition table of my system's hard disk. i made a cfdisk on the wrong device (/dev/sda instead of /dev/sdd), deleted all partitions, made one new primary spanning over the whole device, set its type to 07 (NTFS) and hit write. So here i am with my system running. Until i reboot, i hope/guess nothing will change - meaning: all my data is accessible (I'm currently making a dd-backup of the whole device and plan to make a .tar.gz-backup of the most important data later). I also backed up /proc/partitions, /proc/diskstats (even though i guess this is more about throughput and stuff like this ...) and /sys/block/sda/sda?/{start,size}. Some further things i know: 4 primary partitions 1st partition: ~100Mb, ext3, /boot 2nd partition: ~100Mb, "Win7 Boot Partition", ntfs(?) 3rd partition: ~20...30GB, Win7, ntfs 4th partition: ~20...30GB, luks-encrypted device The luks- de crypted device is a LVM-PV The /, /home & swap-partitions are all LVs on the (VG on the) above noted PV So my questions: What is the simplest way to just write the kernels partition table to the disk? What is the simplest way to take the above mentioned (and perhaps other I don't know of ...) data and generate the partition table? Are there any problems to take care of regarding to luks and/or lvm? Is there any data I should backup before rebooting (meanig stuff from kernel [ /sys/..., /proc/...] and so on, which could help me regenerate the partition table)? Thanks a lot! P.S.: debian sid, Kernel 2.6.34-1-amd64 from debian-experimental, 80GB Intel SSD

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• OpenVPN bad source address from client

  - by Bogdan

  I have one problem with OpenVPN. There are a lot drops records in the openvpn log file on the server: Mon Oct 22 10:14:41 2012 us=726541 laptop/???:1194 MULTI: bad source address from client [192.168.1.107], packet dropped grep -E "^[a-z]" server.conf ----- port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca data/ca.crt cert data/server.crt key data/server.key dh data/dh1024.pem tls-server tls-auth data/ta.key 0 remote-cert-tls client cipher AES-256-CBC tun-mtu 1200 server 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" client-to-client client-config-dir /etc/openvpn/ccd route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun max-clients 5 status /var/log/status-openvpn.log log /var/log/openvpn.log verb 4 auth-user-pass-verify /etc/openvpn/verify.sh via-file tmp-dir /tmp script-security 2 ----- cat ccd/laptop ----- iroute 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ----- cat client.conf ----- remote server ip 1194 client dev tun ping 10 comp-lzo proto udp tls-client tls-auth data/ta.key 1 pkcs12 data/vpn.laptop.p12 remote-cert-tls server #ns-cert-type server persist-key persist-tun cipher AES-256-CBC verb 3 pull auth-user-pass /home/user/.openvpn/users.db ----- According to "Jan Just Keijser - OpenVPN 2 Cookbook" root of the problem is incorrect config options.see the screenshot But, as you see, my config has such options. Could you please help me to solve this problem. @week Verb leverl=6; client log. Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.10.10.3 pointopoint 10.10.10.5 mtu 1500 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net xxxx netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 192.168.1.1 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.10.10.5 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 netmask 128.0.0.0 gw 10.10.10.5 Mon Oct 22 16:06:02 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed cat ccd/latop iroute 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-push 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.5

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