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  • [SOLVED] Single Sign On for intranet with Apache and Linux MIT Kerberos

    - by Beerdude26
    EDIT: SOLVED! See my answer below. Greetings, I am looking for a way to do a single sign on to an intranet in the following manner: A Linux user logs on via a graphical frontend (for example, GNOME). He automatically requests a TGT for his username from the MIT Kerberos KDC. Via some way or another, the Apache server (which we'll assume is on the same server as the KDC), is informed that this user has logged in. When the user accesses the intranet, he is automatically granted access to his web applications. I don't think I've seen this kind of functionality while searching the net. I know the following possibilities exist: Using an authentication module such as mod_auth_kerb, a user is presented with a login prompt to enter his username and password, which are then authenticated against the MIT Kerberos server. (I would like this to be automatic.) IIS supports integrated Windows logon via ASP.Net when the user is part of an Active Directory. (I'm looking for the Linux / Apache equivalent.) Any suggestions, criticism and ideas are highly appreciated. This is for a school project to show a proof-of-concept, so every handy piece of information is more than welcome. :)

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  • Accidentally mounted a ReiserFS drive as MBR on my windows box - how do I recover?

    - by Ryan
    I had a WD Netcenter with a 160GB drive that kept dropping off the network. I opened up the enclosure and removed the hard drive, connected to a Windows box without knowing the drive used ReiserFS.... When mounting on the Windows box, I chose "MBR" as filesystem. 70GB of data corrupted: 90% of data is word documents, excel spreadsheets, and jpg's - all mission critical. Attempted recovery on Linux box (ubuntu) using TestDisk: I could see the container, but couldn't get anything out – according to TestDisk this was because I chose "none" as filesystem. Attempted recovery using Nucleus Kernel Recovery for windows: 98% of what was recovered is incomplete and/or unusable. I need to know if a way exists to recover or rebuild original ReiserFS MBR, or what tools/techniques might give me the best results in recovering the data. Found a Windows version of TestDisk and I ran it yesterday - here are the results: TestDisk 6.14-WIP, Data Recovery Utility, May 2012 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org Disk /dev/sda - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19457 255 63 The harddisk (160 GB / 149 GiB) seems too small! (< 519 GB / 483 GiB) Check the harddisk size: HD jumpers settings, BIOS detection... The following partitions can't be recovered: Partition Start End Size in sectors > ReiserFS 3.6 62 241 8 19458 0 18 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 62 248 55 19458 8 2 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 62 254 37 19458 13 47 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 63 6 28 19458 20 38 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 63 13 11 19458 27 21 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 63 21 43 19458 35 53 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 63 27 41 19458 41 51 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 63 37 35 19458 51 45 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 63 54 20 19458 68 30 311581568 ReiserFS 3.6 63 76 26 19458 90 36 311581568

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  • How to split a text file into multiple text files

    - by Andrew
    I have a text file called entry.txt that contains the following: [ entry1 ] 1239 1240 1242 1391 1392 1394 1486 1487 1489 1600 1601 1603 1657 1658 1660 2075 2076 2078 2322 2323 2325 2740 2741 2743 3082 3083 3085 3291 3292 3294 3481 3482 3484 3633 3634 3636 3690 3691 3693 3766 3767 3769 4526 4527 4529 4583 4584 4586 4773 4774 4776 5153 5154 5156 5628 5629 5631 [ entry2 ] 1239 1240 1242 1391 1392 1394 1486 1487 1489 1600 1601 1603 1657 1658 1660 2075 2076 2078 2322 2323 2325 2740 2741 2743 3082 3083 3085 3291 3292 3294 3481 3482 3484 3690 3691 3693 3766 3767 3769 4526 4527 4529 4583 4584 4586 4773 4774 4776 5153 5154 5156 5628 5629 5631 [ entry3 ] 1239 1240 1242 1391 1392 1394 1486 1487 1489 1600 1601 1603 1657 1658 1660 2075 2076 2078 2322 2323 2325 2740 2741 2743 3082 3083 3085 3291 3292 3294 3481 3482 3484 3690 3691 3693 3766 3767 3769 4241 4242 4244 4526 4527 4529 4583 4584 4586 4773 4774 4776 5153 5154 5156 5495 5496 5498 5628 5629 5631 I would like to split it into three text files: entry1.txt, entry2.txt, entry3.txt. Their contents are as follows. entry1.txt: [ entry1 ] 1239 1240 1242 1391 1392 1394 1486 1487 1489 1600 1601 1603 1657 1658 1660 2075 2076 2078 2322 2323 2325 2740 2741 2743 3082 3083 3085 3291 3292 3294 3481 3482 3484 3633 3634 3636 3690 3691 3693 3766 3767 3769 4526 4527 4529 4583 4584 4586 4773 4774 4776 5153 5154 5156 5628 5629 5631 entry2.txt: [ entry2 ] 1239 1240 1242 1391 1392 1394 1486 1487 1489 1600 1601 1603 1657 1658 1660 2075 2076 2078 2322 2323 2325 2740 2741 2743 3082 3083 3085 3291 3292 3294 3481 3482 3484 3690 3691 3693 3766 3767 3769 4526 4527 4529 4583 4584 4586 4773 4774 4776 5153 5154 5156 5628 5629 5631 entry3.txt: [ entry3 ] 1239 1240 1242 1391 1392 1394 1486 1487 1489 1600 1601 1603 1657 1658 1660 2075 2076 2078 2322 2323 2325 2740 2741 2743 3082 3083 3085 3291 3292 3294 3481 3482 3484 3690 3691 3693 3766 3767 3769 4241 4242 4244 4526 4527 4529 4583 4584 4586 4773 4774 4776 5153 5154 5156 5495 5496 5498 5628 5629 5631 In other words, the [ character indicates a new file should begin. Is there any way I can accomplish automatic text file splitting? My eventual, actual input entry.txt actually contains 200,001 entries. Doing the text split in either Windows or Linux would be great. I do not have access to a Mac machine. Thanks!

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  • Is it possible to install ffmpeg and x264 on a Synology Diskstation 209?

    - by Kieran Benton
    Hi, Complete linux novice here! :) I'm trying to get my brilliant DS209 NAS box to do some transcoding for me of a few AVI videos to a format suitable for my Apply iTouch - yes I could do it with another machine and Handbrake but it would be really useful to offload some of this to the NAS to do overnight. I've managed to install ipkg onto my DS209 NAS box and have played around with installing some packages (binutils, mono, bash etc). I've even managed to install ffmpeg from ipkg and put together the correct command line profile to do the encoding as a .sh file: time ffmpeg -y -i $1 -f mp4 -title $2 -vcodec libx264 -level 21 -s 426×320 -b 512k -bt 512k -bufsize 4M -maxrate 4M -g 250 -coder 0 -threads 0 -acodec libfaac -ac 2 -ab 64k $3 However running this I get a missing dependency on libx264. I've tried building this from the latest source in git, but I get errors during the make process that I just don't understand (way out of my depth). encoder/set.c: In function 'x264_sei_version_write': encoder/set.c:491: error: 'X264_VERSION' undeclared (first use in this function) encoder/set.c:491: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once encoder/set.c:491: error: for each function it appears in.) make: *** [encoder/set.o] Error 1 Can anyone else try building it or give me a pointer as to what I can do to get this going? Its been a good learning experience so far! Thanks.

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  • How do I configure nVidia drivers on a Portable Ubuntu setup?

    - by Nicholas Flynt
    I've been pulling my hair out over this one for a couple of days now, google is no help. I've created a wonderful (until this issue) portable copy of Ubuntu linux that will boot on mostly anything by using a USB enclosure for my laptop's 80GB SATA drive. So far so good, it boots and runs on everything, and on non-nVidia card setups was even detecting the drivers, or letting me install the required drivers for hardware acceleration and compiz. Because you know, the wobble windows are the most awesome thing ever. Anyway, my desktop machine had an nVidia card, so I'm thinking, sure, I'll just install the nVidia drivers like before and everything will work happily. Not so-- now the desktop and any other nVidia cards work great, but it seems to have completely disabled any other graphics cards. When the kernel module detects that an nVidia card isn't present, it shoots up this nasty little dialog box giving me the option to boot into "low graphics" mode, which doesn't even allow me to use the correct screen resolution, much less see the installed graphics card and try to configure a driver for it. Is there any way to configure Ubuntu (with the dreaded nVidia kernel module) so that it can use nVidia's drivers when an nVidia card is present, and default to the normal (not low-graphics) setup in other cases, so that it has a fair chance of using what's actually present? I'm not afraid to much with config files, I just don't know the underlying system well enough to feel comfortable diving in without a push in the right direction. Thanks guys!

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  • OpenSSH does not accept public key?

    - by Bob
    I've been trying to solve this for a while, but I'm admittedly quite stumped. I just started up a new server and was setting up OpenSSH to use key-based SSH logins, but I've run into quite a dilemma. All the guides are relatively similar, and I was following them closely (despite having done this once before). I triple checked my work to see if I would notice some obvious screw up - but nothing is apparent. As far as I can tell, I haven't done anything wrong (and I've checked very closely). If it's any help, on my end I'm using Cygwin and the server is running Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS. Anyways, here is the output (I've removed/censored some parts for privacy (primarily anything with my name, website, or its IP address), but I can assure you that nothing is wrong there): $ ssh user@host -v OpenSSH_5.9p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Connecting to host [ipaddress] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/user/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ECDSA 24:68:c3:d8:13:f8:61:94:f2:95:34:d1:e2:6d:e7:d7 debug1: Host 'host' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/user/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). What can I do to resolve my problem?

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  • Recover mysql database - mysqldump gives "table <tablename> doesn't exist (1146)"

    - by Matthew
    Backstory Ubuntu died (wouldn't boot) and I couldn't fix it. I booted a live cd to recover the important stuff and saved it to my NAS. One of the things I backed up was /var/lib/mysql. Reinstalled with Linux Mint because I was on Ubuntu 10.0.4 this was a good opportunity to try a new distro (and I don't like Unity). Now I want to recover my old mediawiki, so I shut down mysql daemon, cp -R /media/NAS/Backup/mysql/mediawiki@002d1_19_1 /var/lib/mysql/, set file ownership and permissions correctly, and start mysql back up. Problem Now I'm trying to export the database so I can restore the database, but when I execute the mysqldump I get an error: $ mysqldump -u mediawikiuser -p mediawiki-1_19_1 -c | gzip -9 > wiki.2012-11-15.sql.gz Enter password: mysqldump: Got error: 1146: Table 'mediawiki-1_19_1.archive' doesn't exist when using LOCK TABLES Things I've tried I tried using --skip-lock-tables but I get this: Error: Couldn't read status information for table archive () mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `archive`': Table 'mediawiki-1_19_1.archive' doesn't exist (1146) I tried logging in to mysql and I can list the tables that should be there, but trying to describe or select from them errors out the same way as the dump: mysql> show tables; +----------------------------+ | Tables_in_mediawiki-1_19_1 | +----------------------------+ | archive | | category | | categorylinks | ... | user_properties | | valid_tag | | watchlist | +----------------------------+ 49 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> describe archive; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'mediawiki-1_19_1.archive' doesn't exist I believe mediawiki was installed using innodb and binary data. Am I screwed or is there a way to recover this?

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  • Errors to do with modules when using net-snmp utils

    - by bob
    I was using the net-snmp packages that come with my linux distro (version 5.3.2.2), but wanted to do some work with the latest version of net-snmp (5.7), so tried compiling and installing the new source. It seemed to work ok but now I'm getting a load of errors when use net-snmp utils (snmpget, snmpset snmpwalk etc..) for example: $ snmptranslate -On SNMPv2-MIB::system.sysDescr MIB search path: /home/me/.snmp/mibs:/usr/local/share/snmp/mibs Cannot find module (SNMPv2-SMI) At line 6 in /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs/SNMPv2-MIB.txt Cannot find module (SNMPv2-TC): At line 9 in /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs/SNMPv2-MIB.txt Cannot find module (SNMPv2-MIB): At line 9 in (none) : <a lot of similar lines> : Cannot find module (NET-SNMP-VACM-MIB): At line 9 in (none) .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 From this I assumed perhaps that I was missing mibs from the 'MIB search path', so I looked at the first error 'Cannot find module (SNMPv2-SMI)', however it seems to be in the right directory: $ ls /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs/*SNMPv2-SMI* /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs/SNMPv2-SMI.txt And the same result for the other in the list.. so I'm wondering if anybody knows why it might not be finding the modules even though they seem to be in the search path?

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  • Ubuntu root privs installation issue

    - by Pam
    I am a fairly new Ubuntu user (and Linux user, for that matter) and I just downloaded a program whose installer was a .sh file. Not thinking, I copied the installer to an /opt subdirectory, thinking that I was going to install the application there: sudo cp ~/Downloads/fooInstaller.sh /opt/someDir I can't remember, but I either had to use sudo because /opt required it, or I just used it without thinking, but in any case, I prefixed with sudo. Once in /opt/someDir, I executed the installer again, using sudo: sudo sh fooInstaller.sh The terminal went crazy, and a few seconds later, a graphical install wizard popped up that guided me through the rest of the process. At the end of the wizard I was prompted to launch the program, and I did, and everything was great. Until... I closed the program, and attempted to add it to my Ubuntu "panel" (the icon panel at the top of the screen). The program was installed to /usr/local/foo/theProgram, and so I specified that URL as the command in the custom app launcher. When I open the program through the panel/launcher (at the top of the screen), the program doesn't load or operate correctly. I get a lot of error messages complaining about being denied permissions. I'm assuming that this is a "superuser/installation/privs" issue, and not a problem with the application (hence this post at superuser.com instead of the application's forums), because when I launch the program from the terminal with sudo, it opens and executes perfectly fine, just like it did the first time around after the install wizard finished. I realize I'm probably going to have to uninstall the program completely, and re-install it differently. Finally, my question: After uninstalling, can I avoid all these issue by just running the installer (sh fooInstaller.sh) right out of my Downloads directory, sans the sudo prefix? If not, how do I get the program to install without root privs so that I can add it to my panel/launcher and get it executing correctly? Sorry for the long post but I didn't want to omit any details because, as I'm sure you can tell, I'm not really sure I know what I'm doing. Thanks for any help here!

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  • tftpd-hpa service must be restarted before working after fresh boot

    - by Steve
    I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 inside a VirtualBox VM. I've installed tftpd-hpa so I can boot an embedded Linux device via tftp. My problem is that after a fresh boot of the VM, tftpd doesn't seem to work until I restart the service, after which is works great until the system is rebooted. The transcript below should explain the situation. EDIT: After the fresh boot, I execute netstat -a | grep tftp and find nothing. After restarting the service, the same command returns udp 0 0 *:tftp *:* (whitespace removed). I think this might be the key to the problem, I'm just not sure how to resolve it. I don't think it's related to this specific issue, but I had another problem with tftpd that was asked and answered in this question. steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ cat /etc/default/tftpd-hpa # /etc/default/tftpd-hpa TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/var/lib/tftpboot" TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure" steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ ls -l /var/lib/tftpboot total 8204 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34352 May 28 08:22 am335x-boneblack.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33206 May 28 08:22 am335x-bone.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41564 May 28 08:22 am335x-evm.dtb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38048 May 28 08:22 am335x-evmsk.dtb -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4117904 May 20 09:39 zImage -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4117616 May 28 08:22 zImage-am335x-evm.bin steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ tftp localhost tftp> get zImage Transfer timed out. tftp> quit steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ sudo service tftpd-hpa restart [sudo] password for steve: tftpd-hpa stop/waiting tftpd-hpa start/running, process 2106 steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$ tftp localhost tftp> get zImage Received 4143798 bytes in 1.4 seconds tftp> quit steve@steve-VirtualBox:~$

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  • Ubuntu: how to get audio to work in both Spotify (under Wine) and Flash (in Firefox)?

    - by Jonik
    I'm running Spotify on Linux using Wine. Sound worked great (even though the sound test in winecfg failed!), until I installed alsa-oss package yesterday to get Flash sound working in Firefox. Now Spotify says: "There is a problem with your sound card. Spotify can't play music." So the question is, how to get the sound in Spotify working again, so that it also keeps working in Flash & Firefox? Tweak some ALSA settings? Spotify settings? Add/remove some packages? By the way, curiously, now that sound doesn't work in Spotify, winecfg's "Test Sound" does work! This is Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy). Sound card / driver is probably an integrated AC'97. Please mention if any additional information about the system is needed! Update: I have Flash 10 installed (outside the packaging system, using $MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH env variable), but also had Flash 9 from flashplugin-nonfree package - and the earlier version was being used by Firefox! Based on what Mike Arthur said about Flash and alsa-oss, I removed the older Flash (flashplugin-nonfree package) and alsa-oss - and Flash sound still works, which is nice. But for some reason Spotify still doesn't play sound, even though things should now be like they were originally... Update 2: Got it working, all smoothly, finally.

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  • Bare-metal virtualisation for the desktop

    - by Andrew Taylor
    Hi, Does anyone have any knowledge about bare-metal virtualisation products? I'm interested in building a new desktop machine for home, I've been looking at the Intel Quad Core processors and I'd like to put 8GB of RAM in there, but, it got me thinking about making the most out of the available resources. I thought if I could get a good 64bit machine, put some bare-metal virtualisation on, then have a primary system, I'd also be able to bring up some extra virtualised systems as and when I needed. I know most of the bare metal systems are designed for the server market, but, is there anything out there that works well for a desktop. What are the caveats? I presume I won't be able to make the most out of any video cards I could buy, what about just getting a decent screen resolution, will this be a problem? I run a single 24" screen. What about DVD/CD writing, is this possible? I'd like to re-rip my CD collection, I was hoping the quad 64Bit goodness would help me out with the encoding. I currently use a Mac and couldn't go back to windows so that leaves Linux, I was thinking a primary OS of ubuntu. Does this make a difference? Thanks Andrew

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  • SSD cache to minimize HDD spin-up time?

    - by sirprize
    short version first: I'm looking for Linux compatible software which is able to transparently cache HDD writes using an SSD. However, I only want to spin up the HDD once or twice a day (to write the cached data to the HDD). The rest of the time, the HDD should not be spinning due to noise concerns. Now the longer version: I have built a completely silent computer running Xubuntu. It has a A10-6700T APU, huge fanless cooler, fanless PSU, SSD. The problem is: it also has (and needs) a noisy HDD and I want to forbid spinning it up during the night. All writes should be cached on the SSD, reads are not needed in the night. Throughout every day, this computer will automatically download about 5 GB of data which will be retained for about a year, giving a total needed disk capacity of slightly less than 2 TB. This data is currently stored on a 3 TB noisy hard disk drive which is spinning day and night. Sometimes, I'll need to access some data from several months ago. However, most times I'll only need data from the last 14 days, which would fit on the SSD. Ideally, I'd like a transparent solution (all data on one filesystem) which caches all writes to the SSD, writing to the HDD only once a day. Reads would be served by the cache if they were still on the SDD, else the HDD would have to spin up. I have tried bcache without much success (using cache_mode=writeback, writeback_running=0, writeback_delay=86400, sequential_cutoff=0, congested_write_threshold_us=0 - anything missing?) and I read about ZFS ZIL/L2ARC but I'm not sure I can achieve my goal with ZFS. Any pointers? If all else fails, I will simply use some scripts to automatically copy files over to the big drive while deleting the oldest files from the SSD.

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  • Setting up Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server as a mail exchange server

    - by Syedur
    I am a Unix/Linux/Windows Server noob. So, keep that in mind before you throw your stones at my glass house. :P I have a Windows Server 2008 R2 machine that's acting as domain controller, Server A. It's also running a DNS server. I have a Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 5.3, Server B that is intended for mail server. In order for the mail delivery to happen, I understand that I have to set an MX record on Server A and point it to Server B. Well, I did. I manually added a host name on Server A and pointed to Server B's IP address. Then I added an MX record and pointed it to the host name. That didn't do the trick. After taking the above steps, I used the "dig" command on Server B to lookup the MX record coming back from Server A and it wasn't what I was expecting. What am I doing wrong here? I have noticed that... my Windows machines that are joined to the domain (Server A) are listed under the host names. The machines that are not joined to the domain are not list. This is fine, I am not worried about this. What does concern me, do I have to join the Server B to domain in order for Server A to recognize as a valid host and forward the MX properly? If so, some simple steps on how to join Server B to the domain would also help.

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  • Gray Progress Bar in Macbook Boot caused by Partition Fault

    - by Konstantin Bodnya
    Here's my problem: When I try to load my macbook it shows the gray progress bar. It takes a while to fill the whole progress and after it macbook just shuts down. I tried to boot from recovery partition and run Disk Utility to repair it. Disk Utility showed my "Macintosh HD" in a gray color and failed to repair it. I thought all my data was lost, but then I tried the following: So I booted into ubunto from live usb and it successfully mounted my macintosh hd hfs+ partition. Parted shows me the following partitions on my disk: Disk /dev/sda: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 20.5kB 210MB 210MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot 2 210MB 499GB 499GB hfs+ Macintosh HD 3 499GB 500GB 650MB hfs+ Recovery HD Seems legit except for FAT32 for EFI System Partition. Since all my data is okay and backed up what should I do to recover the system. I don't really want to reinstall all the system though I believe there's a command to make it allright in linux. Thank you everyone!

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  • Why do I get a DegradedArray event with mdadm

    - by azera
    Hello Just so we're clear on what's happening: I bought 4 new sata 2 drives, with the intent of using them in a raid5 all drive are fully recognised by both my bios and my linux box (gentoo) I created a raid5 array, fiddled a bit with it to understand how it works, how to monitor ect At some point, this triggered a degradedarray event, even though the array is brand new. I tried to stopping the array and recreating a new array with the same drive but the new array starts degraded too. here is what I used to create it mdadm --create -l5 -n4 /dev/md/md0-r5 /dev/sdb /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf here are the output from my /proc/mdstat and mdadm --detail --scan **mdstat** Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md127 : active raid5 sdf[4] sde[2] sdd[1] sdb[0] 4395415488 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] [>....................] recovery = 2.8% (41689732/1465138496) finish=890.3min speed=26645K/sec unused devices: <none> **detail** ARRAY /dev/md/md0-r5 metadata=0.90 spares=1 UUID=453e2833:81f22a74:64188b84:66721085 As such I have a couple questions: does a raid5 array always start in degraded mode at first ? why does sdf have the number 4 between bracket instead of 3, why does it see a spare disk and why is the 4th drive marked with _ instead of U ? (bad configuration ?) How can I recreate the array from scratch, do i have to format each drive on its own before recreating it ? Thanks for any help, I'm not sure about what I should do at the moment

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  • How long will a USB key with an OS installed on it last?

    - by Xananax
    I've heard numerous times that installing an OS on a USB key is a bad thing to do, as USBs typically have a certain number of writes before dying, and installing an OS on it will wear it out (unless it's used sporadically for rescue purposes). Nonetheless, I am very tempted to install some flavour of Linux (Ubuntu or Arch, I haven't decided yet) on a small, transportable, USB Key. My problem is, although you read a lot that it's "bad", you are never told how bad. How long would it last (provided, say, a pc that is 24/7 on)? A month? A year? Five years? Is there recipes to make it last longer? Is there any reason beside weariness that should prevent me from attempting this? I mean, if it can be calculated, then I could theoretically shield myself by doing regular backups on another key when the deadline gets close (for example). Notes I am not talking of using a USB as a live CD, but actually installing the OS on it.) When I say "USB Key", I refer to the little USBs with a flash memory, not an external USB hard drive. For the curious, my reason is that I work in a lot of different places, on different PCs, and I have a very customized session, with my own WM, my own key bindings, my own scripts, , a selection of plugins for firefox and chrome, etc, and currently I am synchronizing all this through a mix of dropbox, git, and transporting files on USBs, and and it's becoming a chore. It would be much simpler for me to just plug the USB and mount the hard disk of the PC I am using and use it's processing power without actually needing to install any OS on it.

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  • Geographically distributed file system with preferred locality

    - by dpb
    Hi All -- I'm building a application that needs to distribute a standard file server across a few sites over a WAN. Basically, each site needs to write a lot of misc files of varying size (some in the 100s MB range, but most small), and the application is written such that collisions aren't a problem. I'd like to have a system set up that meets the following qualifications: Each site can store files in a shared "namespace". That is, all the files would show up in the same filesystem. Each site would not send data over the WAN unless necessary. I.e., there would be local storage on each side of the WAN that would be "merged" into the same logical filesystem. Linux & Free ($$$) is a must. Basically, something like a central NFS share would meet most of the requirements, however it would not allow the locally written data to stay local. All data from remote sides of the WAN would be copied locally all the time. I have looked into Lustre, and have run some successful tests with it, however, it appears to distribute files fairly uniformly across the distributed storage. I have dug through the documentation and have not found anything that automatically will "prefer" local storage over remote storage. Even something that went with the lowest latency storage would be fine. It would work most of the time, which would meet this application's requirements. Any ideas?

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  • Ubuntu lucid, maverick high iowait

    - by netom
    I'm using Ubuntu, and I've got the same problem with Lucid and Maverick. From time to time, especially a few minutes after boot, the iowait goes between 50-100% and the box is unusable. Everything that tries to access the disk freezes. I have the following setup: Hard disk: Model Family: Western Digital Caviar Green family Device Model: WDC WD15EADS-00P8B0 Serial Number: WD-WMAVU0391287 Firmware Version: 01.00A01 User Capacity: 1.500.301.910.016 bytes I have a quad core Intel Core2 Q6600 processor, and 4G of memory. When the high iowait occurs, usually 4 processes are active: kdmflush (two procs) jbd2/dm-0-8 jbd2/db-1-8 and a few more starving user processes of course. I know this from top and iotop. Any suggestions about why this is happening? There are a lot of q/a-s about linux and high iowait, but none of them helped so far, I even tweaked the hard disk not to park the head in every 8 seconds (Load cycle count is 50334!!!!! :o ), but nothing. Problem persists. Thank you in advance.

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  • changing filesystem format from xfs to ext4 without losing data

    - by A.Rashad
    I have a fresh Lucid Lynx (Ubuntu 10.04) running on a laptop. where I defined the filesystems as: mount point / on ext4 (46 Gb) mount point /home on jfs (63 GB) swap as 3 Gb I left the machine over night to do some task, without AC power supply. next day in the morning I found it on standby, task completed, but filesystem was not reachable. it gave me I/O error it seems that there is a problem with jfs and standby. anyways, to avoid any hassle, I want to move this mount point from jfs format to ext4. can I do this without losing data and without the need to place the data in a temporary location until transformation is done? sorry to mention that, but I recall back in the windows days, we would change a FAT16 to FAT32 or a FAT32 to NTFS without having to lose the data. I hope this is available on Linux. Update The /home filesystem was xfs not jfs, and it seems there is a bug with this filesystem for some reason, I had to re-install the OS twice until I ended up with ext4 for the entire / However, as a conclusion, it seems that there is no way to make a conversion

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  • PPP kernel module fails to load

    - by Harel
    I am trying to deal with a problem on a server I don't normally deal with. Out of the blue a script using ppp started failing saying that the ppp kernel module is not loaded. When I try to modprobe it it complains about files missing. Note below that the kernel version the server thinks it at, does not match the kernel version directory in /lib/modules. I'm not sure how this could have happened. Could the other maintainers of the server botched a kernel upgrade? My question is how can I fix this discrepancy. Can I simply rename the lib directory and hope for the best? I don't want to break stuff for the people who actually maintain the server but I do need to fix the PPP issue. $ sudo /sbin/modprobe -v ppp FATAL: Could not load /lib/modules/2.6.35.4-rscloud/modules.dep: No such file or directory $ cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.35.4-rscloud ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) ) #8 SMP Mon Sep 20 15:54:33 UTC 2010 $ ls /lib/modules/ 2.6.33.5-rscloud

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  • Strange Apache Webdav situation (OSX Will connect, Ubuntu will not)

    - by mewrei
    So basically my situation is that I have an Apache 2.2 webserver running on Linux on another box, and I have it configured to serve up webdav. Now here's the weird part, I can access the server just fine on my Mac using the "Connect to Server" dialog (even moved like 5GB of files over the connection). On my Ubuntu desktop cadaver will connect as well and allow me to browse. However when I try to use Xmarks (BYOS Edition) or the GNOME "Connect to Server" dialog, it gives me a 403 Forbidden error. My server does digest authentication if that makes any difference. Here's part of my apache2.conf file <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/path" <Directory "/path"> Dav on AuthType Digest AuthName iTools AuthDigestDomain "/" AuthUserFile /path/to/WebDavUsers Options None AllowOverride None <LimitExcept GET HEAD OPTIONS> require valid-user </LimitExcept> Order allow,deny Allow from All </Directory> <Directory "/path/*/Public"> Options +Indexes </Directory> <Directory "/path/user"> <LimitExcept GET HEAD OPTIONS> require user user </LimitExcept> </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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  • Identify differences between MP3 files

    - by Thingomy
    I have 2 old similar directory trees with MP3 files in them. I am happily using tools like diff and Rsync to identify and merge the files that are only present on one side, or are identical, I'm left with a bunch of files that are bitwise different. On running diff over a pair actually different files, (with -a tag to force text analysis) it produces incomprehensible gibberish. I have listened to files from both sides, and they both seem to play fine (but at nearly 10 minutes per song, when listening to them twice each, I haven't done many) I suspect the differences are due to some player in the past "enhancing" my collection by messing about with ID3 tags, but I can't be certain. Even if I identify differences in ID3 tags, I would like to confirm that no cosmic ray or file copy error issues have damaged any of the files. One method that occurs to be is finding the byte locations of the differences, and ignoring all changes in the first ~10kb of each file, but I don't know how to do this. I have on the order of a hundred or so files that differ across the directory tree. I found How to compare mp3, flac audio data in a file, ignoring header data (ID3 tag) etc.? -- but I can't run alldup due to being Linux only, and from the sounds of it, it would only partially solve my issues anyway.

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  • Force local IP traffic to an external interface

    - by calandoa
    I have a machine with several interfaces that I can configure as I want, for instance: eth1: 192.168.1.1 eth2: 192.168.2.2 I would like to forward all the traffic sent to one of these local addresses through the other interface. For instance, all requests to an iperf, ftp, http server at 192.168.1.1 should be not just routed internally, but forwarded through eth2 (and the external network will take care of re-routing the packet to eth1). I tried and looked at several commands, like iptables, ip route, etc... but nothing worked. The closest behavior I could get was done with: ip route change to 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth2 which send all 192.168.1.x on eth2, except for 192.168.1.1 which is still routed internally. May be I could then do NAT forwarding of all traffic directed to fake 192.168.1.2 on eth1, rerouted to 192.168.1.1 internally? I am actually struggling with iptables, but it is too tough for me. The goal of this setup is to do interface driver testing without using two PCs. I am using Linux, but if you know how to do that with Windows, I'll buy it!

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  • Unix Permissions: Enable access to files no matter the user?

    - by TK Kocheran
    I've been using Linux for a long time and I still am completely in the dark about how file permissions really work. With that in mind, does anyone have any books or thorough guides I could read to really understand things completely? I've done my fair share of sysadminning, so I know the easy stuff like making directories readable and writable, making files executable, and changing the owner of a file, but on sharing files across users, I'm lost. Here's my main problem. I have a number of machines across which I intend to synchronize my music library. I've been using Unison for a while now and it's a great choice as I can easily run it over SSH on my local network which I just set up. Win-win. Up until this point, I've been synchronizing computers using a 2TB external hard drive. (computer 1 unisons to HD, computer 2 unisons to HD, etc.) This is tedious at best, especially since I encrypted the drive, making it a huge hassle to hook it up to all of my machines and sync it. Anyway, the drive is running ext4 (in TrueCrypt), so it maintains all Unix filesystem info like owners and groups. I just set up a new machine and just Unison'd it to get the music on it, and I realized that now, all of my permissions are fubar. I had to run Unison as root since that was the only way I could get the files to come off of the external drive. Apparently, since I'm using a different user name on this machine than my usual "rfkrocktk" across all machines, this essentially throws a huge wrench in the gears. Here's my use case. This laptop has two effective users, "leandra" and "rfkrocktk". I want to share music between these two users, so I symlinked /home/rfkrocktk/Music to point to /home/leandra/Music. How do I (a) allow both users access to read/write/delete files in this folder, and (b) keep everything nicely in sync without messing up file ownership?

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