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  • Is there a language with native pass-by-reference/pass-by-name semantics, which could be used in mod

    - by Bubba88
    Hi! This is a reopened question. I look for a language and supporting platform for it, where the language could have pass-by-reference or pass-by-name semantics by default. I know the history a little, that there were Algol, Fortran and there still is C++ which could make it possible; but, basically, what I look for is something more modern and where the mentioned value pass methodology is preferred and by default (implicitly assumed). I ask this question, because, to my mind, some of the advantages of pass-by-ref/name seem kind of obvious. For example when it is used in a standalone agent, where copyiong of values is not necessary (to some extent) and performance wouldn't be downgraded much in that case. So, I could employ it in e.g. rich client app or some game-style or standalone service-kind application. The main advantage to me is the clear separation between identity of a symbol, and its current value. I mean when there is no reduntant copying, you know that you're working with the exact symbol/path you have queried/received. And intristing boxing of values will not interfere with the actual logic of program. I know that there is C# ref keyword, but it's something not so intristic, though acceptable. Equally, I realize that pass-by-reference semantics could be simulated in virtually any language (Java as an instant example) and so on.. not sure about pass by name :) What would you recommend - create a something like DSL for such needs wherever it be appropriate; or use some languages that I already know? Maybe, there is something that I'm missing? Thank you!

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  • How to initialize audio with Vala/SDL

    - by ioev
    I've been trying to figure this out for a few hours now. In order to start up the audio, I need to create an SDL.AudioSpec object and pass it to SDL.Audio.Open. The problem is, AudioSpec is a class with a private constructor, so when I try to create one I get: sdl.vala:18.25-18.43: error: `SDL.AudioSpec' does not have a default constructor AudioSpec audiospec = new SDL.AudioSpec(); ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ And if I try to just assign values to it's member vars like a struct (it's a struct in normal sdl) I get: sdl.vala:20.3-20.25: error: use of possibly unassigned local variable `audiospec' audiospec.freq = 22050; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ I found the valac doc here: http://valadoc.org/sdl/SDL.AudioSpec.html But it isn't much help at all. The offending code block looks like this: // setup the audio configuration AudioSpec audiospec; AudioSpec specback; audiospec.freq = 22050; audiospec.format = SDL.AudioFormat.S16LSB; audiospec.channels = 2; audiospec.samples = 512; // try to initialize sound with these values if (SDL.Audio.open(audiospec, specback) < 0) { stdout.printf("ERROR! Check audio settings!\n"); return 1; } Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • SQL Design: representing a default value with overrides?

    - by Mark Harrison
    I need a sparse table which contains a set of "override" values for another table. I also need to specify the default value for the items overridden. For example, if the default value is 17, then foo,bar,baz will have the values 17,21,17: table "things" table "xvalue" name stuff name xval ---- ----- ---- ---- foo ... bar 21 bar ... baz ... If I don't care about a FK from xvalue.name - things.name, I could simply put a "DEFAULT" name: table "xvalue" name xval ---- ---- DEFAULT 17 bar 21 But I like having a FK. I could have a separate default table, but it seems odd to have 2x the number of tables. table "xvalue_default" xval ---- 17 table "xvalue" name xval ---- ---- bar 21 I could have a "defaults table" tablename attributename defaultvalue xvalue xval 17 but then I run into type issues on defaultvalue. My operations guys prefer as compact a representation as possible, so they can most easily see the "diff" or deviations from the default. What's the best way to represent this, including the default value? This will be for Oracle 10.2 if that makes a difference.

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  • How do I work with constructs in PHPUnit?

    - by Ben Dauphinee
    I am new into PHPUnit, and just digging through the manual. I cannot find a decent example of how to build a complete test from end to end though, and so, am left with questions. One of these is how can I prep my environment to properly test my code? I am trying to figure out how to properly pass various configuration values needed for both the test setup/teardown methods, and the configs for the class itself. // How can I set these variables on testing start? protected $_db = null; protected $_config = null; // So that this function runs properly? public function setUp(){ $this->_acl = new acl( $this->_db, // The database connection for the class passed // from whatever test construct $this->_config // Config values passed in from construct ); } // Can I just drop in a construct like this, and have it work properly? // And if so, how can I set the construct call properly? public function __construct( Zend_Db_Adapter_Abstract $db, $config = array(), $baselinedatabase = NULL, $databaseteardown = NULL ){ $this->_db = $db; $this->_config = $config; $this->_baselinedatabase = $baselinedatabase; $this->_databaseteardown = $databaseteardown; } // Or is the wrong idea to be pursuing?

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  • php sorting a seriously multidimensional array...

    - by BigDogsBarking
    I'm trying to sort a multidimensional object, and, after looking on php.net and around here, I get that I should write a function that I can then call via usort. I'm having some trouble with the syntax. I haven't ever written something this complicated before, and trying to figure it out feels like a mindbender... I'm working with the array posted at the end of this post. I want to filter out duplicate [n] values. But, and this is the tricky part for me, I want to keep the [n] value that has the smallest [d] value. So, if I have (and this example is simplified, the real array is at the end of this post): Array ( [7777] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [n] => '12345' [d] => 1 ) [1] => Array ( [n] => '67890' [d] => 4 ) ) [8888] => Array ( [2] => Array ( [n] => '12345' [d] => 10 ) [3] => Array ( [n] => '67890' [d] => 2 ) ) ) I want to filter out duplicate [n] values based on the [d] value, so that I wind up with this: Array ( [7777] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [n] => '12345' [d] => 1 ) ) [8888] => Array [3] => Array ( [n] => '67890' [d] => 2 ) ) ) I've tried writing different variations of the function cmp example posted on php.net, but I haven't been able to get any to work, and I think it's because I'm not altogether clear on how to traverse it using their example... I tried: function cmp($a, $b) { if($a['n'] == $b['n']) { if($a['d'] == $b['d']) { return 0; } } return ($a['n'] < $b['n']) ? -1 : 1; } But, that really did not work at all... Anyway, here's the real array I'm trying to work with... Help is greatly appreciated! Array ( [32112] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [n] => '02124' [d] => '0' ) [1] => Array ( [n] => '02124' [d] => '0.240101905123744' ) [2] => Array ( [n] => '11050' [d] => '0.441758632682761' ) [3] => Array ( [n] => '02186' [d] => '0.317514080260304' ) ) [43434] => Array ( [4] => Array ( [n] => '02124' [d] => '5.89936971664429e-05' ) [5] => Array ( [n] => '02124' [d] => '0.145859264792549' ) [6] => Array ( [n] => '11050' [d] => '0.327864593457739' ) [7] => Array ( [n] => '11050' [d] => '0.312135345168295' ) ) )

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  • Using the contents of an array to set individual pixels in a Quartz bitmap context

    - by Magic Bullet Dave
    I have an array that contains the RGB colour values for each pixel in a 320 x 180 display. I would like to be able to set individual pixel values in the a bitmap context of the same size offscreen then display the bitmap context in a view. It appears that I have to create 1x1 rects and either put a stroke on them or a line of length 1 at the point in question. Is that correct? I'm looking for a very efficient way of getting the array data onto the graphics context as you can imagine this is going to be an image buffer that cycles at 25 frames per second and drawing in this way seems inefficient. I guess the other question is should I use OPENGL ES instead? Thoughts/best practice would be much appreciated. Regards Dave OK, have come a short way, but can't make the final hurdle and I am not sure why this isn't working: - (void) displayContentsOfArray1UsingBitmap: (CGContextRef)context { long bitmapData[WIDTH * HEIGHT]; // Build bitmap int i, j, h; for (i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++) { for (j = 0; j < HEIGHT; j++) { h = frameBuffer01[i][j]; bitmapData[i * j] = h; } } // Blit the bitmap to the context CGDataProviderRef providerRef = CGDataProviderCreateWithData(NULL, bitmapData,4 * WIDTH * HEIGHT, NULL); CGColorSpaceRef colorSpaceRef = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); CGImageRef imageRef = CGImageCreate(WIDTH, HEIGHT, 8, 32, WIDTH * 4, colorSpaceRef, kCGImageAlphaFirst, providerRef, NULL, YES, kCGRenderingIntentDefault); CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0.0, HEIGHT, WIDTH, HEIGHT), imageRef); CGImageRelease(imageRef); CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpaceRef); CGDataProviderRelease(providerRef); }

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  • php fuel 42000 error

    - by ryanc1256
    I don't get whats wrong. So this is the full error I get... Fuel\Core\Database_Exception [ 42000 ]: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'to, from, message, checked) VALUES ('1', 'freddy', 'bob', 'message', '1')' at line 1 with query: "INSERT INTO chatmes (id, to, from, message, checked) VALUES ('1', 'freddy', 'bob', 'message', '1')" and this my php code which is supposably giving me the error <?php define('DOCROOT', __DIR__.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR); define('APPPATH', realpath('/var/www/vhosts/grubber.co.nz/httpdocs/fuel/app/').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR); define('PKGPATH', realpath('/var/www/vhosts/grubber.co.nz/httpdocs/fuel/packages/').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR); define('COREPATH', realpath('/var/www/vhosts/grubber.co.nz/httpdocs/fuel/core/').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR); require APPPATH.'bootstrap.php'; error_reporting(-1); ini_set('display_errors', 1); $to = $_GET['to']; $from = $_GET['from']; $message = $_GET['message']; $dquotes = '"'; $squotes = "'"; $message = str_replace($dquotes, "&quot", $message); $message = str_replace($squotes, "&#039", $message); DB::insert('chatmes')->set(array('id' => '1', 'to' => 'freddy', 'from' => 'bob', 'message' => 'message', 'checked' => '1'))->execute(); ?> I dont know what I am doing wrong?? Also the connection im using is PDO At the moment the only line thats giving me a error is, the db update query

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  • Fastest way to modify a decimal-keyed table in MySQL?

    - by javanix
    I am dealing with a MySQL table here that is keyed in a somewhat unfortunate way. Instead of using an auto increment table as a key, it uses a column of decimals to preserve order (presumably so its not too difficult to insert new rows while preserving a primary key and order). Before I go through and redo this table to something more sane, I need to figure out how to rekey it without breaking everything. What I would like to do is something that takes a list of doubles (the current keys) and outputs a list of integers (which can be cast down to doubles for rekeying). For example, input {1.00, 2.00, 2.50, 2.60, 3.00} would give output {1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Since this is a database, I also need to be able to update the rows nicely: UPDATE table SET `key`='3.00' WHERE `key`='2.50'; Can anyone think of a speedy algorithm to do this? My current thought is to read all of the doubles into a vector, take the size of the vector, and output a new vector with values from 1 => doubleVector.size. This seems pretty slow, since you wouldn't want to read every value into the vector if, for instance, only the last n/100 elements needed to be modified. I think there is probably something I can do in place, since only values after the first non-integer double need to be modified, but I can't for the life of me figure anything out that would let me update in place as well. For instance, setting 2.60 to 3.00 the first time you see 2.50 in the original key list would result in an error, since the key value 3.00 is already used for the table.

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  • Bind a generic list to a listbox and also use a datatemplate

    - by muku
    Hello, I'm trying to implement something quite simple but I'm on my first steps in WPF and I'm having some problems. I have a class called Component which has a property called Vertices. Vertices is a generic List of type Point. What I want is to bind the vertices property to a listbox. This is easy by using this code in my XAML in the listbox declaration: ItemsSource="{Binding Path=Component.Vertices, Mode=OneWay, Converter={StaticResource verticesconverter},UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" The tricky part is when I try to create a datatemplate for the listbox. I want each row of the listbox to display a textbox with the values of the Vertex (Point.X, Point.Y) and a button to allow me to delete the item. Could you help me on the datatemplate definition. The code below doesn't work to bind the X,Y values into two separate textboxes. Could you point me on the mistake and why nothing is displayed in the textboxes? <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Path=Component.Vertices, Mode=OneWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,10,0,0"> <TextBox Text="{Binding X}" MinWidth="35" MaxWidth="35"/> <TextBox Text="{Binding Y}" MinWidth="35" MaxWidth="35"/> </StackPanel> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> /ListBox>

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  • Allow paste in worksheet without overwriting locked cells

    - by jjeaton
    I have a protected worksheet that users would like to copy and paste into. I have no control over the workbook they are copying from. The protected worksheet has some rows that are available for data entry, and other rows that are locked and greyed out to the user. The users would like to be able to paste over the top of the entire worksheet from another random workbook and have all the cells available for data entry filled in, while the locked cells are undisturbed. In the current state, the user gets an error when they try to paste, because it cannot paste over the locked cells. Example: Worksheet 1: Act1 100 100 100 Act2 100 100 100 Act3 100 100 100 Worksheet 2: (The second row is locked) Act1 300 300 300 Act2 200 200 200 Act3 100 100 100 After copying/pasting Worksheet 2 should look like this: Act1 100 100 100 Act2 200 200 200 Act3 100 100 100 The values from worksheet 1 are populated and the locked rows are undisturbed. I've been thinking along the lines of having a hook where on paste, the locked cells are unlocked so that the paste can happen, and then are reverted to their original values and relocked. Is there some way I can loop through the cells in the clipboard and only paste cells where the target isn't locked? It is preferable to not create a separate button for paste, so there is less impact on the users, but if that's the only way, I'm not opposed to it. Currently, I plan on grouping the locked rows together, so that the data entry cells are contiguous, but then the accounts will be out of order, which is not preferred.

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  • Deterministic and non uniform long string generation from seed

    - by Limonup
    I had this weird idea for an encryption that I wanted to try out, it may be bad, and it may have done before, but I'm just doing it for fun. The short version of the question is: Is it possible to generate a long, deterministic and non-uniformly distributed string/sequence of numbers from a small seed? Long(er) version: I was thinking to encrypt a text by changing encoding. The new encoding would be generated via Huffman algorithm. To work well, the Huffman algorithm would need a fairly long text with non uniform distribution. Then characters can have different bit-lengths which would be the primary strength of this encryption. The problem is that its impractical to enter in/remember a long text each time you want to decrypt the text. So I was wondering if it was possible to generate a text from password seed? It doesn't matter what the text is, as long as it has non uniform distribution of characters and that the exact same sequence can be recreated each time you give it the same seed. Preferably, are there any functions/extensions in Python that can do this? EDIT: To expand on the "strength" of varying bit length: if I have a string "test", ASCII values 116, 101, 115, 116, which gives bit values of 1110100 1100101 1110011 1110100 Then, say my Huffman algorithm generates encoding like t = 101 e = 1100111 s = 10001 The final string is 101 1100111 10001 101, if we encode this back to ASCII, we get 1011100 1111000 1101000, which is 3 entirely different characters. Obviously its impossible to perform any kind of frequency analysis or something like that on this.

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  • How to define a "complicated" ComputedColumn in SQL Server?

    - by Slauma
    SQL Server Beginner question: I'm trying to introduce a computed column in SQL Server (2008). In the table designer of SQL Server Management Studio I can do this, but the designer only offers me one single edit cell to define the expression for this column. Since my computed column will be rather complicated (depending on several database fields and with some case differentiations) I'd like to have a more comfortable and maintainable way to enter the column definition (including line breaks for formatting and so on). I've seen there is an option to define functions in SQL Server (scalar value or table value functions). Is it perhaps better to define such a function and use this function as the column specification? And what kind of function (scalar value, table value)? To make a simplified example: I have two database columns: DateTime1 (smalldatetime, NULL) DateTime2 (smalldatetime, NULL) Now I want to define a computed column "Status" which can have four possible values. In Dummy language: if (DateTime1 IS NULL and DateTime2 IS NULL) set Status = 0 else if (DateTime1 IS NULL and DateTime2 IS NOT NULL) set Status = 1 else if (DateTime1 IS NOT NULL and DateTime2 IS NULL) set Status = 2 else set Status = 3 Ideally I would like to have a function GetStatus() which can access the different column values of the table row which I want to compute the value of "Status" for, and then only define the computed column specification as GetStatus() without parameters. Is that possible at all? Or what is the best way to work with "complicated" computed column definitions? Thank you for tips in advance!

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  • Designing a silverlight dashboard with mef - is it possible? (with dynamic loading of xaps)

    - by Tim Robbin
    Hello! I am just trying to wrap my head around MEF. And as I am really going to love it ( I guess ) I started my first sample project and immediatly stumbled into a big problem and now I am asking myself if I can use MEF for my scenario at all and that is the following: Imagine that one got some kind of dashboard with, let's say, five regions and above each region there are two comboboxes. The values in the first combobox represent different possible views (for example, chartControl, tableControl, pictureControl, ...) and the values of the second combobox represents the different data sources for the currently selected control. As the controls are very big in size one wants to download them as needed. If the user selects one comboboxitem the corresponding control xap should be loaded and displayed in this specific region. If the user selectes another control in the same combobox the control should be removed from the visualtree and the next control should be downloaded and displayed. If the user changes the selection in a different combobox the corresponding control should be loaded again only in this specific region, with perhaps different data. And to make it a little more interesting - as this is some kind of dashboard one can change the layout from five regions to - for example - ten regions. I've seen the video "MVVM with MEF in Silverlight Video Tutorial Part 2: Plugins and Metadata" ( http://csharperimage.jeremylikness.com/2010/03/mvvm-with-mef-in-silverlight-video_09.html ) but he is using an ItemsControl and is working with Visibility and he only got ONE region. So I think that this technique is not working for me... Puh, I hope I could make myself clear! Thanks a lot for any piece of information!!! Greetings, Tim.

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  • object datasource problems in visual studio 2008,

    - by kamal
    After going to the process of adding the various attributes like insert,delete and update.But when i run it through the browser ,editing works but updating and deleting doesn't !(for the update and shows the same thing for delete,my friends think i need to use codes to repair the problems,can you help me please.it shows this: Server Error in '/WebSite3' Application. ObjectDataSource 'ObjectDataSource1' could not find a non-generic method 'Update' that has parameters: First_name, Surname, Original_author_id, First name, original_author id. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.InvalidOperationException: ObjectDataSource 'ObjectDataSource1' could not find a non-generic method 'Update' that has parameters: First_name, Surname, Original_author_id, First name, original_author id. Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [InvalidOperationException: ObjectDataSource 'ObjectDataSource1' could not find a non-generic method 'Update' that has parameters: First_name, Surname, Original_author_id, First name, original_author id.] System.Web.UI.WebControls.ObjectDataSourceView.GetResolvedMethodData(Type type, String methodName, IDictionary allParameters, DataSourceOperation operation) +1119426 System.Web.UI.WebControls.ObjectDataSourceView.ExecuteUpdate(IDictionary keys, IDictionary values, IDictionary oldValues) +1008 System.Web.UI.DataSourceView.Update(IDictionary keys, IDictionary values, IDictionary oldValues, DataSourceViewOperationCallback callback) +92 System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridView.HandleUpdate(GridViewRow row, Int32 rowIndex, Boolean causesValidation) +907 System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridView.HandleEvent(EventArgs e, Boolean causesValidation, String validationGroup) +704 System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridView.OnBubbleEvent(Object source, EventArgs e) +95 System.Web.UI.Control.RaiseBubbleEvent(Object source, EventArgs args) +37 System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridViewRow.OnBubbleEvent(Object source, EventArgs e) +123 System.Web.UI.Control.RaiseBubbleEvent(Object source, EventArgs args) +37 System.Web.UI.WebControls.LinkButton.OnCommand(CommandEventArgs e) +118

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  • Submit form with JS

    - by Thomas
    Im working with a shopping cart plugin and that uses a basic form on the product page to submit values like price, product name, etc.. The problem is that the plugin uses a standard submit button to send the values and I would like to replace said button with a prettier custom jquery rollover. In order to make this happen I used some JS and tossed a link around my custom submit button: <a href="#" onclick="document.forms[0].submit()" value="Add to Cart" onsubmit="return ReadForm(this, true);"> <img class="fade" src="style/img/add_btn.jpg" style="background: url(style/img/add_ro.png);" alt=""/> </a> The form submits and the user is redirected to the homepage but the data in the form doesn't seem to get submitted and the product never gets added to the 'cart' page. I suspect that the form is getting submitted but I am failing to fire some additional JS function that submits the data. The plugin adds some JS to the top of the page: <!-- // function ReadForm (obj1, tst) { // Read the user form var i,j,pos; val_total="";val_combo=""; for (i=0; i<obj1.length; i++) { // run entire form obj = obj1.elements[i]; // a form element if (obj.type == "select-one") { // just selects if (obj.name == "quantity" || obj.name == "amount") continue; pos = obj.selectedIndex; // which option selected val = obj.options[pos].value; // selected value val_combo = val_combo + "(" + val + ")"; } } // Now summarize everything we have processed above val_total = obj1.product_tmp.value + val_combo; obj1.product.value = val_total; } //--> If you want to check out the the site in question, take a look here and click 'add to cart button': http://hardtopdepot.com/?p=34 You can see the cart at the top: http://hardtopdepot.com/?page_id=50 Any help would be super appreciated- thanks!

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  • Using "mv" or "ditto" to merge folders in OS X

    - by Sandro Dzneladze
    Used to the Windows way of doing I just found out OS X has no merge function – moving means replacing the folder. While this does make sense, I miss merging! I've two Wordpress directories, 1 contains default source and 2 contains worked version with plugins custom theme etc. I want to see difference between this two, so I'm putting it on SVN. Folder 1 is already up, now in theory I should simply merge contents of 2 with 1 by replacing everything with contents of 2 but leaving hidden SVN files untouched. Unfortunately OS X, when moving, replaces the folder so that my SVN client goes crazy and doesn't understand folder structure anymore. So, I believe my options are mv and ditto, but which one would you use in my situation and how? sudo mv wordpress /Documents/svn/wwwholiday/trunk/wordpress I want mv to overwrite everything it finds, but leave alone whatever is already inside folder 1 and has no duplicate in folder 2.

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  • Windows XP + PAE + 6GB RAM: See more than 3.5GB?

    - by nonot1
    Firstly let me say I've seen a number of similar questions on SuperUser, and I don't think this is a duplicate. (Most address 4GB RAM installed. I have 6GB) I have Windows XP 32-bit running on a i7-based Xeon system with 6GB of RAM. I only see 3.5GB of RAM in Windows. Is there any way to squeeze more visible RAM out of this set up? Even an extra 1GB would be great. Does having 6GB (vs 4GB) of RAM installed help at all? (I.e Even if I loose the 3.5-4.0 GB region, can I use the area above it?) P.S. Will eventually move to Windows 7 64-bit, but can't for now.

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  • Segmentation in Linux : Segmentation & Paging are redundant?

    - by claws
    Hello, I'm reading "Understanding Linux Kernel". This is the snippet that explains how Linux uses Segmentation which I didn't understand. Segmentation has been included in 80 x 86 microprocessors to encourage programmers to split their applications into logically related entities, such as subroutines or global and local data areas. However, Linux uses segmentation in a very limited way. In fact, segmentation and paging are somewhat redundant, because both can be used to separate the physical address spaces of processes: segmentation can assign a different linear address space to each process, while paging can map the same linear address space into different physical address spaces. Linux prefers paging to segmentation for the following reasons: Memory management is simpler when all processes use the same segment register values that is, when they share the same set of linear addresses. One of the design objectives of Linux is portability to a wide range of architectures; RISC architectures in particular have limited support for segmentation. All Linux processes running in User Mode use the same pair of segments to address instructions and data. These segments are called user code segment and user data segment , respectively. Similarly, all Linux processes running in Kernel Mode use the same pair of segments to address instructions and data: they are called kernel code segment and kernel data segment , respectively. Table 2-3 shows the values of the Segment Descriptor fields for these four crucial segments. I'm unable to understand 1st and last paragraph.

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  • 'Bank Switching' Sprites on old NES applications

    - by Jeffrey Kern
    I'm currently writing in C# what could basically be called my own interpretation of the NES hardware for an old-school looking game that I'm developing. I've fired up FCE and have been observing how the NES displayed and rendered graphics. In a nutshell, the NES could hold two bitmaps worth of graphical information, each with the dimensions of 128x128. These are called the PPU tables. One was for BG tiles and the other was for sprites. The data had to be in this memory for it to be drawn on-screen. Now, if a game had more graphical data then these two banks, it could write portions of this new information to these banks -overwriting what was there - at the end of each frame, and use it from the next frame onward. So, in old games how did the programmers 'bank switch'? I mean, within the level design, how did they know which graphic set to load? I've noticed that Mega Man 2 bankswitches when the screen programatically scrolls from one portion of the stage to the next. But how did they store this information in the level - what sprites to copy over into the PPU tables, and where to write them at? Another example would be hitting pause in MM2. BG tiles get over-written during pause, and then get restored when the player unpauses. How did they remember which tiles they replaced and how to restore them? If I was lazy, I could just make one huge static bitmap and just grab values that way. But I'm forcing myself to limit these values to create a more authentic experience. I've read the amazing guide on how M.C. Kids was made, and I'm trying to be barebones about how I program this game. It still just boggles my mind how these programmers accomplisehd what they did with what they had. EDIT: The only solution I can think of would be to hold separate tables that state what tiles should be in the PPU at what time, but I think that would be a huge memory resource that the NES wouldn't be able to handle.

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  • Join two tables with same # of row but sorted for NULL

    - by VISQL
    I need to join two tables with the same number of rows. Each table has 1 column. There is NO CONNECTING COLUMN to reference for a join. I need to join them side by side because each table was sorted separately so that numeric values are at the top in descinding order. The Table Earners has income values from say 200K down to 0. I cannot just select using 2 cases, because then I will have my first row with Incomes above 100K, but the first 20 or so entries in the second row are NULL. I want the second row to also be sorted descending. I looked up using ORDER BY within CASE but there is no such thing. I have tried to read about row_number() but none of the examples seem to match or make sense. drop table #20plus select case when Income >= 20000 AND Income < 100000 then Income end as 'mula' into #20plus from Earners order by mula desc drop table #100plus select case when Income >= 100000 then Income end as 'dinero' into #100plus from Earners order by dinero desc Select A.dinero, B.mula FROM #100plus as A JOIN #20plus as B ON A.????? = B.????? Since both A and B are sorted descending, moving all NULL to the bottom, what can I reference to join the two tables? Previous output using one SELECT statement with 2 CASE statements dinero mula 2.12688e+007 NULL 1.80031e+007 NULL 1.92415e+006 NULL … … NULL 93530.7 NULL 91000 NULL 84500 Desired output using one SELECT statement after creating two temp TABLES dinero mula 2.12688e+007 93530.7 1.80031e+007 91000 1.92415e+006 84500 … 82500 NULL 82000 NULL … NULL NULL This is Microsoft SQL Server 2008. I'm super new to this, so please give an answer as clear and simplified as possible. Thank you.

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  • ubuntu12.04 hangs at checking battery state

    - by crystalbass17
    My 12.04 system hangs at "Checking battery state". At this stage, no commands work eg: ctrl+alt+f1, alt+f5. I ran recovery mode, I ran the command sudo mount -o remount, rw sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm and gdm was the only one installed so I didn't get a GUI screen. I have an integrated graphics card "Intel Corporation Mobile 4 chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 07)". So I cannot install nvidia drivers as everyone else suggests. I have gone through several similar questions but everyone suggests reconfiguring gdm or reinstalling graphic drivers. I did sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade to get the latest x-swat drivers. The system still hung at the same line. The other option is to reinstall ubuntu, which is out of the question, since we have a very specific install for our project where the settings are very hard to duplicate. Suggestions/Comments welcome.

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  • Display a ranking grid for game : optimization of left outer join and find a player

    - by Jerome C.
    Hello, I want to do a ranking grid. I have a table with different values indexed by a key: Table SimpleValue : key varchar, value int, playerId int I have a player which have several SimpleValue. Table Player: id int, nickname varchar Now imagine these records: SimpleValue: Key value playerId for 1 1 int 2 1 agi 2 1 lvl 5 1 for 6 2 int 3 2 agi 1 2 lvl 4 2 Player: id nickname 1 Bob 2 John I want to display a rank of these players on various SimpleValue. Something like: nickname for lvl Bob 1 5 John 6 4 For the moment I generate an sql query based on which SimpleValue key you want to display and on which SimpleValue key you want to order players. eg: I want to display 'lvl' and 'for' of each player and order them on the 'lvl' The generated query is: SELECT p.nickname as nickname, v1.value as lvl, v2.value as for FROM Player p LEFT OUTER JOIN SimpleValue v1 ON p.id=v1.playerId and v1.key = 'lvl' LEFT OUTER JOIN SimpleValue v2 ON p.id=v2.playerId and v2.key = 'for' ORDER BY v1.value This query runs perfectly. BUT if I want to display 10 different values, it generates 10 'left outer join'. Is there a way to simplify this query ? I've got a second question: Is there a way to display a portion of this ranking. Imagine I've 1000 players and I want to display TOP 10, I use the LIMIT keyword. Now I want to display the rank of the player Bob which is 326/1000 and I want to display 5 rank player above and below (so from 321 to 331 position). How can I achieve it ? thanks.

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  • what the best simple video editing program? [closed]

    - by Itay
    Possible Duplicate: What is the easiest video editing program to use on Windows hi, i want to edit videos, i'm looking for a good, premiere like software. but it seems premiere it self is too much for me... frankly i can see how those settings can be helpful for any one.. but it doesn't matter. i've just imported an HD video from my new camera (CS4), first, it cut most of the video, and second, it actually made the quality worse... i've tried a few free, programs, but as soon as i've seen the GUI of those, i closed them... i really like premier, but i honestly don't understand who needs all this PAL/DV stuff... is there any similar application that intend to more intermediate users? tahnks.

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  • Execute Stored Procedure from Classic ASP

    - by Jaco Pretorius
    For some fantastic reason I find myself debugging a problem in a Classic ASP page (at least 10 years of my life lost in the last 2 days). I'm trying to execute a stored procedure which contains some OUT parameters. The problem is that one of the OUT parameters is not being populated when the stored procedure returns. I can execute the stored proc from SQL management studio (this is 2008) and all the values are being set and returned exactly as expected. declare @inVar1 varchar(255) declare @inVar2 varchar(255) declare @outVar1 varchar(255) declare @outVar2 varchar(255) SET @inVar2 = 'someValue' exec theStoredProc @inVar1 , @inVar2 , @outVar1 OUT, @outVar2 OUT print '@outVar1=' + @outVar1 print '@outVar2=' + @outVar2 Works great. Fantastic. Perfect. The exact values that I'm expecting are being returned and printed out. Right, since I'm trying to debug a Classic ASP page I copied the code into a VBScript file to try and narrow down the problem. Here is what I came up with: Set Conn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection") Conn.Open "xxx" Set objCommandSec = CreateObject("ADODB.Command") objCommandSec.ActiveConnection = Conn objCommandSec.CommandType = 4 objCommandSec.CommandText = "theStoredProc " objCommandSec.Parameters.Refresh objCommandSec.Parameters(2) = "someValue" objCommandSec.Execute MsgBox(objCommandSec.Parameters(3)) Doesn't work. Not even a little bit. (Another ten years of my life down the drain) The third parameter is simply NULL - which is what I'm experiencing in the Classic ASP page as well. Could someone shed some light on this? Am I completely daft for thinking that the classic ASP code would be the same as the VBScript code? I think it's using the same scripting engine and syntax so I should be ok, but I'm not 100% sure. The result I'm seeing from my VBScript is the same as I'm seeing in ASP.

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  • Why is Core Data not persisting these changes to disk?

    - by scott
    I added a new entity to my model and it loads fine but no changes made in memory get persisted to disk. My values set on the car object work fine in memory but aren't getting persisted to disk on hitting the home button (in simulator). I am using almost exactly the same code on another entity in my application and its values persist to disk fine (core data - sqlite3); Does anyone have a clue what I'm overlooking here? Car is the managed object, cars in an NSMutableArray of car objects and Car is the entity and Visible is the attribute on the entity which I am trying to set. Thanks for you assistance. Scott - (void)viewDidLoad { myAppDelegate* appDelegate = (myAppDelegate*)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; NSManagedObjectContext* managedObjectContex = appDelegate.managedObjectContext; NSFetchRequest* request = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; NSEntityDescription* entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Car" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContex]; [request setEntity:entity]; NSSortDescriptor* sortDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"Name" ascending:YES]; NSArray* sortDescriptors = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:sortDescriptor, nil]; [request setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors]; [sortDescriptors release]; [sortDescriptor release]; NSError* error = nil; cars = [[managedObjectContex executeFetchRequest:request error:&error] mutableCopy]; if (cars == nil) { NSLog(@"Can't load the Cars data! Error: %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]); } [request release]; } - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath*)indexPath { Car* car = [cars objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; if (car.Visible == [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]) { car.Visible = [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO]; [tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath].accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryNone; } else { car.Visible = [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]; [tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath].accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryCheckmark; } }

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